I. Soil Environment Conservation Act

II. Soil Monitoring Policy

III.Contaminated soil management

IV.Future Policy direction

I. Soil Environment Conservation Act

I-1 History of soil environment policyI-2 Structure of soil environment conservation ActI-3 System of soil environment management

I-1 History of soil environment policy

~ 1980 1995 ~

2000 2004 2009

1 2 3

1 Early Phase (Before 1980)

- Farmland-centered soil management policy for increase of production

- Soil contamination occurred such as excessive uses of soil and chemicals

- Little understanding of soils, absence of soil policy

2 Growth Phase (1980 ~ 1994)

- Development of heavy chemical industry → Serious soil contamination- Run soil measuring networks - Conduct soil contamination survey throughout the country('87)

I-1 History of soil environment policy

~ 1980 1995 ~

2000 2004 2009

1 2 3

3 Development Phase (After 1995)

- Establish Soil Environment Conservation Act(’95.1), Decree and Regulations(’96.1)

- 2000 : Tighten up the law on Prevention of soil contamination and remediation  · Integrate regulations for Petroleum storage facilities · Establish the management guideline · Add more contaminants(11 → 16) · Introduce the regulation of soil environment assessment (ESA) · Establish the Detailed Soil survey guidelines- 2004 · Reporting of soil contamination and Enrollment of soil remediation business · Introduce verification of remediation and risk assessment articles

- 2009 · Add more contaminants(16 →21) and Subdivide area(2→3) · Tighten up the remediation regulation

I-2 Structure of soil environment conservation Act

General Provision

Purpose Definitions Establishing basic plan Soil contamination level Measuring Network Compensation for loss Soil environment assessment Strict liability

Regulation on soil contamination

Reporting soil contamination Supervision of specific facilities Soil survey Remediation of contaminated soil Verification Risk assessment

Designation/Management of specific region

Level for designation of specific region Establishing management plan Project for improving soil quality Restriction on using land and activities Cancellation of designation

Specialized agencies/ Remediation business

Designation of special agency Cause for Disqualification Prohibition on a subsidiary businesses Revocation of designation

Supplementary provisions

Execution by proxy Assistance from relevant organizations State subsidy Report and examination Standards for administrative disposition Hearing Delegation of powers

I-3 System of soil environment management

Survey

Remediation

Survey & Remediation responsibility

Nation

Private

- Soil measuring network (Regional MOE)

- Actual state soil survey (City, province)

- Soil contamination survey

- Soil environment assessment

Polluter pays

principlePolluter, Owner, Occupant, Operator

Soil measuring networksActual state survey

Soil contamination survey

Soil measuring networksActual state survey

Soil contamination survey

Below worrisome

level

Article 15: Orders to take preventive measures

-Improvements in or relocation of facilities

-Restrictions on use of relevant material

-Remediation of contaminated soils

Article 15: Orders to take preventive measures

-Improvements in or relocation of facilities

-Restrictions on use of relevant material

-Remediation of contaminated soils

Detailed soil surveyDetailed soil survey

Article 17: Designation of areas requiring response for soil conservation

-Response level (Decree Article 12)-Notice of the location

Article 17: Designation of areas requiring response for soil conservation

-Response level (Decree Article 12)-Notice of the location

-Area exceeding worrisome level

-Area needed response activities

-Area exceeding worrisome level

-Area needed response activities

Article 18, 19, 20, 21: Formulation and

execution of response plan

-Project to improve contaminated soil

-Plan to use the land

-Notice of the location

Article 18, 19, 20, 21: Formulation and

execution of response plan

-Project to improve contaminated soil

-Plan to use the land

-Notice of the location

Below worrisome

level

No action needed

No action needed

-Area exceeding worrisome level-(Available to exceed worrisome level due to accidents)

-Area exceeding worrisome level-(Available to exceed worrisome level due to accidents)

Execution of orderDirect remediation: military facilities

(below 50m3)Commissioned remediation:

- Execution of order: 2 year (2 extension available)

- Report to government - Government’sverification

Execution of orderDirect remediation: military facilities

(below 50m3)Commissioned remediation:

- Execution of order: 2 year (2 extension available)

- Report to government - Government’sverification

Not executedAt most 2 years imprisonment

Or a fine of $ 10M

Not executedAt most 2 years imprisonment

Or a fine of $ 10M

I-3 System of soil environment management

Over worrisome

level

Legal management system of soil contamination

Organization of soil management

MOE(Masterplan for soil conservation)

MOE(Masterplan for soil conservation)

Local Environment Office(Soil survey & Manage agencies)

Local Environment Office(Soil survey & Manage agencies)

NIER(R&D for soil conservation)

NIER(R&D for soil conservation)

Local government(Manage specific facilities,

soil survey and remediation)

Local government(Manage specific facilities,

soil survey and remediation)

Ministry of Knowledge Economy

Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

Ministry of National Defense

National Emergency Management Agency

Ministry of Knowledge Economy

Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

Ministry of National Defense

National Emergency Management Agency

- K eco

- KEITI

- KEI

- K eco

- KEITI

- KEI

- Survey agencies

- Agencies for leakage test

- Soil remediation businesses

- Survey agencies

- Agencies for leakage test

- Soil remediation businesses

- Associations related to soil environment

- Environmental NGOs

- Other business groups

- Associations related to soil environment

- Environmental NGOs

- Other business groups

I-3 System of soil environment management

II-1 Soil Measuring NetworkII-2 Actual state soil surveyII-3 Soil contamination survey for specific facilitiesII-4 Management of vulnerable area

II. Soil Monitoring Policy

II-1 Soil Measuring Network

Measuring Degree of soil contamination (Article5)

For the purpose of surveying the actual nationwide state of soil contamination

the Minister of Environment shall establish a measuring network and measure

the degree of soil contamination at all time

Ministry of Environment(1,521)

Ministry of Environment(1,521)

7 Local Environment Office (Regional MOE)7 Local Environment Office (Regional MOE)

Han River Basin

(285)

Han River Basin

(285)Nakdong River Basin

(190)

Nakdong River Basin

(190)Geum River Basin

(228)

Geum River Basin

(228)

Wonju Office

(193)

Wonju Office

(193)Daegu Office

(243)

Daegu Office

(243)Jeonju Office

(120)

Jeonju Office

(120)

Youngsan River Basin

(262)

Youngsan River Basin

(262)

Organization

pHOther(1)

CN, Organophosphorus*

* For Field, Paddy field, Orchard and Sports

General(2)

Cd, Cu, As, Hg, Pb, Cr+6, Zn, NiHeavy

metal(8)Road, House, Factory,

Railroad and Multipurpose

PCBs*, CN*, Phenols*, TPH, BTEX, F, TCE*, PCE*

* For factory and multipurposeGeneral(7)

pHOther(1)

Cd, Cu, As, Hg, Pb, Cr+6, Zn, NiHeavy

metal(8)Field, Paddy Field, Orchard, Woodland,

Ranch, Parks, Amusement, Sports, Riverside and School

ItemsLand Categories

II-1 Soil Measuring Network

Soil sampling0 ~ 15 cm below ground level(Field, Paddy field etc.)

Sampling at the depth of contamination source placed

Soil sampling0 ~ 15 cm below ground level(Field, Paddy field etc.)

Sampling at the depth of contamination source placed

Record all about sampling(Location number, sampling depth, date etc.)

Record all about sampling(Location number, sampling depth, date etc.)

Analysis and Report the results※ Samples must be kept for 1 year at laboratories

Analysis and Report the results※ Samples must be kept for 1 year at laboratories

Guideline (Procedure)

Guideline (Analysis items)

II-2 Actual state soil survey

Measuring Degree of soil contamination (Article5)

For the purpose of surveying the actual nationwide state of soil contamination

the Mayor/Province governor shall conduct an actual state of soil survey in the area

under his jurisdiction, which is feared to suffer soil contamination

City, County, District

Check the area feared to suffer soil contaminationSurvey the actual state of soil contamination

City, County, District

Check the area feared to suffer soil contaminationSurvey the actual state of soil contamination

City, ProvinceMake the survey plan

City, ProvinceMake the survey plan

Ministry of EnvironmentMake and announce a survey procedure

Put all the reports together and estimate the results

Ministry of EnvironmentMake and announce a survey procedure

Put all the reports together and estimate the results

Report the survey results(December)Report the detailed soil survey results(Next June)Report the survey results(December)Report the detailed soil survey results(Next June)

Report the survey plan(February)Report the survey results(Next January)Report the detailed soil survey results(Next July)

Report the survey plan(February)Report the survey results(Next January)Report the detailed soil survey results(Next July)

Notify the survey plan(February)Notify the survey plan(February)

Notify the survey results(Next March)Notify the survey results(Next March)

16 local Research Institutes of Public

Health and Environment

Framework

II-2 Actual state soil survey

Guideline (Procedure)

Seoul Busan Daegu Gwangju Daejeon Incheon Ulsan Kyungki

102 85 92 63 69 78 65 250

Gangwon Chungbuk Chungnam Jeonbuk Jeonnam Kyungbuk Kyungnam Jeju

167 134 152 140 153 235 165 50

Site visit & Select survey areaArea feared to suffer soil contamination(16 categories)

Industrial area, metal smelting area, Waste dumping/incinerating area, etc.

Site visit & Select survey areaArea feared to suffer soil contamination(16 categories)

Industrial area, metal smelting area, Waste dumping/incinerating area, etc.

Make a priority list and report the survey planMake a priority list and report the survey plan

Sampling and analysis

※ Samples must be kept for 3 years at laboratories

Sampling and analysis

※ Samples must be kept for 3 years at laboratories

Report the results

supervise following step for the area over worrisome level

Report the results

supervise following step for the area over worrisome level

Minimum survey area by region (2,000 sites)

II-3 Soil contamination survey for specific facilities

Total(2009)

Toxic materials

Petroleum

TotalGas

stationIndustrial facilities

Etc (Heating facilities)

22,643 316 22,327 15,135 4,295 2,897

Report on Facilities Subject to Control of Specific Soil Contamination

Report on Facilities Subject to Control of Specific Soil Contamination

Install the facilities to prevent soil contamination

Install the facilities to prevent soil contamination

Examination of Soil ContaminationExamination of Soil Contamination

Examination of the level of Soil Contamination(Every 1 ~ 5 year)

Examination of the level of Soil Contamination(Every 1 ~ 5 year)

Examination of the level of

Leakage(Every 8 year after 10 years)

Examination of the level of

Leakage(Every 8 year after 10 years)

Owner’s duty on management of specific facilities

Number of specific facilities in Korea(2009)

II-4 Management of vulnerable area

Abandoned mine areas

- From 1992, soil contamination survey and mine reclamation work have been conducted at abandoned mine areas because environment contamination becomes social issues - Soil contamination survey has been conducted at 936 mine areas among total of 2,089 mine areas

TotalTypes of Mine

Coal Mine Metal Mine Non-metal Mine

4,681 394(151) 2,089(936) 2,198

TotalTypes of Mine

Asbestos Mine Asbestos related Mine

90 38(15) 52

- Make a master plan to manage area around Abandoned mine(2004)

- Asbestos mine

- MOE and MKE(Ministry of Knowledge and Economy) conduct a detailed survey

II-4 Management of vulnerable area

Industrial complex

- From 2004, soil contamination survey has been conducting at 25 industrial

complexes that have high possibility of contamination

- Targeting 25 national and local industrial complexes that have over 1 Mm2 and

10-year-old

Review relative data(Document, Interview, etc.)

Review relative data(Document, Interview, etc.)

Check the site condition(Storage tanks, wastes, etc.)

Check the site condition(Storage tanks, wastes, etc.)

Conduct survey(Sampling, Analysis, etc.)

Conduct survey(Sampling, Analysis, etc.)

Estimation(Extent of contamination, Remedial methods, etc.)

Estimation(Extent of contamination, Remedial methods, etc.)

- Since 2004, survey for 20 complexes has been completed

- Survey Procedure

II-4 Management of vulnerable area

USFK granted lands

- Soil and groundwater contamination survey has been conducted at USFK granted

lands that are under operation or return

- Since 2004, 52 USFK granted lands have been surveyed and 18 camps are returned and under remediation

- Since 2008, surroundings of 28 USFK granted land have been surveyed

III-1 Detailed soil investigationIII-2 Verification of soil remediation

III. Contaminated soil management

III-1 Detailed soil investigation

Purpose

- Area soil contamination recognized

- Delineate the extent and volume of contamination

Procedure

Phase I

Phase II

Data Review, Site visit, etc.

Check contaminants and contaminated area

Phase III Detailed soil survey to delineate the contamination

- Topsoil & Subsoil survey- Determine sampling density by targeted area- Groundwater and River(stream) survey- Prevention of contamination and recommend remediation methods

Responsible party should conduct the detailed soil investigation in 1 year

III-2 Verification of soil remediation

Ministry of EnvironmentMinistry of Environment

City, County, DistrictCity, County, District

PollutersPollutersContract for detailed surveyContract for detailed survey

Survey AgencySurvey Agency

Report the survey resultsReport the survey results

Soil remediation business operatorSoil remediation

business operator

Make a contractMake a contract

Report the remediation planReport the remediation plan

Perform remediationPerform remediation

CompletionCompletion

Report the completionReport the completion

Make a verificationplan

Make a verificationplan

Process verificationProcess verification

Completion verificationCompletion verification

Ask verificationAsk verification

Report the verification planReport the verification plan

Report the resultsReport the results

Report of verification results

Report of verification results

Report the verification resultsReport the verification results

Manage the remediation resultsManage the remediation results

- When soil remediation is undergoing, the process and the completion of verification has to be conducted(Article 15-6)

- Remediation framework with verification

IV. Future policy direction

II-1 Risk AssessmentII-2 Prevention of Soil erosionII-3 Soil Bank

IV-1 Risk Assessment

Risk Assessment (Article15-5)

Minister of Environment, Mayor/Province governor, or responsible parties shall assess the extent of risk affecting human bodies and environment considering contaminants, surrounding conditions, plan for land use, etc and determine remediation extent and time to finish

- Remediation on national property

- Remediation on the land impossible to identify the responsible parties or

unable to remediate by the responsible parties

- Remediation on naturally contaminated land

Make a plan and Report to MOE

Make a plan and Report to MOE Review the plan (MOE)Review the plan (MOE) Notify the results

to the public (>20days)Notify the results

to the public (>20days)

Verify the results &Public opinions

Verify the results &Public opinions

Monitoring soil Condition in every 2 yrs

Monitoring soil Condition in every 2 yrs

Subject area

Procedures

IV-2 Prevention of soil erosion

Top soil erosion survey (Article 6-2)

Minister of Environment shall survey soil erosion to figure out the top soil condition for managing soil as resources

- Top soil contains lots of organic matters and nutrition- Unable to restore - Need to strengthen managing soil resources

- Vulnerable topography in soil erosion- About 50 M ton/yr (28M in Crop field, 22M in Forestry)

IV-3 Soil Bank

Designation of soil bank (Article15-7)

Minister of Environment shall designate soil bank in case that it is necessary to clean up efficiently gathering soil in an area (national property)

- To remediate efficiently and recycle the remediated soil

Our Precious resources for the next generation

Thank You