islamic empire glossary. arabia: region where islam began. a arid peninsula, then inhabited by...
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ISLAMIC EMPIRE GLOSSARY
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• Arabia: Region where Islam began. A arid peninsula, then inhabited by nomads & traders using camel caravans
• Arabs: People of the Arabian Peninsula
• Arabic: Language of Arabs, becomes holy language of Islam.
س ز ر ذ د خ
ع ظ ط ض ص ش
ل ك ق ف غ
ي و ه� ن م
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• Mecca: Early trade city & place of religious pilgrimage (sacred stone shrine), birthplace of Muhammad.
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• Muhammad: Founder of Islam. Upset with wickedness of world, tried to find better way, visions become the basis for Islam. Considered the greatest & last prophet of God.
• Khadya: Wife of Muhammad, 1st to convert.
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• Gabriel: Angel sent by God to reveal messages to Muhammad.
• Allah: Arabic name for God
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• Islam: Religion started by Muhammad, means surrender to Allah’s will.
• Muslim: A person who believes in & follows Islam
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• Qur’an: Holy book of Islam, contains Gabriel’s revelations from Allah to Muhammad. 114 Suras (chapters)
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• Medina: City to which Muhammad fled before returning to conquer Mecca in 630
• Hegira: The journey to Medina by Muhammad as they fled Mecca in 622. Marks year 1 in Muslim calendar.
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• Kaaba: Shrine in Mecca reclaimed by Muhammad as holy Islamic site. Muslims believe the Black Stone was given to Abraham by God. Now located in the Great Mosque.
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• Jerusalem- Dome of the Rock: City where Muslims believe Muhammad ascended into heaven. A mosque called the Dome of the Rock was built on the spot he ascended.
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• People of the Book: What Muslims called Jews and Christians. Gave them tolerance & religious freedom, believe in same God & recognize many of the same prophets.
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• Five Pillars of Islam: 5 basis belief/duties of Islam
• Profession of Faith: 1st & most important. There is no god but Allah (god), and Muhammad is his prophet
• Prayer: 5 times a day facing Mecca• Alms: offering/charity to help the needy• Fasting: No food or water between sunrise and
sunset during holy month of Ramadan.• Pilgrimage- the hajj: Once in a lifetime, a
Muslim expected to make a pilgrimage to Mecca
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• Hajj - The Pilgrimage
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• Caliph: Successor to Muhammad as political & religious leader. Abu Bakr was the 1st elected one.
• Calligraphy: Artistic writing of Arabic used along with geometric abstract patterns to decorate objects or mosques- no living creatures allowed in Islamic religious art.
• Golden Age of Islam: 800-1100, Islamic Empire at cultural heights – keep alive/advance knowledge & learning while Europe in “dark age”
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