Paper 1(Quranic Passages) May /June 2009

i) 1. In the name of Allah, most gracious, most merciful. 2. Praise be to Allah, the cherisherand sustainer of the worlds; 3. Most gracious, most merciful; 4. Master of the day ofjudgement. 5. You we worship, and your aid we seek. 6. Show us the straight way,7. The way of those to whom You have given your grace, not those who earn your anger,nor those who go astray. (Sura 1)

1. Read! in the name of your Lord, who created, 2. Created man out of a clot of congealedblood: 3. Proclaim! And your Lord is most bountiful, 4. He who taught by the pen,5. Taught man what he did not know. (Sura 96. 1-5)

21. O people! Adore your Guardian-Lord, who created you and those who came beforeyou, so that you may have the chance to learn righteousness; 22. Who has made theearth your couch, and the heavens your canopy; and sent down rain from the heavens;and by it brought forth fruits for your sustenance; then do not set up rivals to Allah, whenyou know. (Sura 2. 21-22)

Oct/Nov 2009

30. Behold, your Lord said to the angels: ‘I will create a vicegerent on earth.’ They said:‘Will You place there one who will make mischief there and shed blood?- whilst wecelebrate your praises and glorify your holy (name)?’ He said: ‘I know what you do notknow.’ 31. And He taught Adam the names of all things; then He placed them before theangels, and said: ‘Tell me the names of these if you are right.’ 32. They said: ‘Glory toYou, of knowledge we have none, save what You have taught us: In truth it is You whoare perfect in knowledge and wisdom.’ 33. He said: ‘Adam! Tell them their names.’ Whenhe had told them, Allah said: ‘Did I not tell you that I know the secrets of heaven andearth, and I know what you reveal and what you conceal?’ 34. And behold, We said tothe angels: ‘Bow down to Adam’. And they bowed down. Not so Iblis: he refused andwas haughty: he was of those who reject faith. 35. We said: ‘Adam! You and your wifedwell in the Garden; and eat of the bountiful things in it as You wish. But do not approachthis tree, or you will run into harm and transgression.’ 36. Then Satan made them slipfrom there, and got them out of what they had been in. We said: ‘Go down, with enmitybetween yourselves. On earth will be your dwelling-place and your means of livelihood,for a time.’ 37. Then Adam learnt from his Lord words of inspiration, and his Lord turnedtowards him; for He is often-returning, most merciful. (Sura 2. 30-37)(ii) Then will Allah say: ‘Jesus son of Mary! Recount my favour to you and to your mother.Behold! I strengthened you with the holy spirit, so that you spoke to the people inchildhood and in maturity. Behold! I taught you the Book and Wisdom, the Law and theGospel. And behold! You make out of clay, as it were, the figure of a bird, by my leave,and you breathe into it and it becomes a bird by my leave, and you heal those bornblind, and the lepers, by my leave. And behold! You bring forth the dead by my leave.And behold! I restrained the Children of Israel from you when you showed them theclear signs, and the unbelievers among them said: ‘This is nothing but evident magic.’(Sura 5. 110)

(iii) 1. To you have We granted abundance. 2. So pray to your Lord and sacrifice. 3. For hewho hates you, he will be cut off. (Sura 108)

May /June2010101. To Him is due the primal origin of the heavens and the earth: how can He have ason when He has no consort? 102. He created all things, and He has full knowledge ofall things. That is Allah, your Lord! there is no god but He, the Creator of all things: thenworship Him: and He has power to dispose of all affairs. 103. No vision can grasp Him,but His grasp is over all vision: He is above all comprehension, yet is acquainted with allthings. (Sura 6. 101-103)

(ii) 37. Among His signs are the night and the day, and the sun and the moon. Adore notthe sun and the moon, but adore Allah, who created them, if it is Him you wish to serve.(Sura 41. 37)

(iii) 1. Say: He is Allah, the one and only; 2. Allah, the eternal, absolute; 3. He does notbeget, nor is He begotten; 4. And there is none like Him. (Sura 112)

History and Importance of Quran

May/June 2009

2 (a) How are the Qur’an and Hadiths used together in Islamic legal thinking? [10](b) Why do some legal scholars reject the use of analogy (qiyas)? [4]

Oct/Nov2009

2 (a) Write an account of the ways in which the Qur’an was revealed to the Prophet between theyears 610 and 632. [10](b) What does the Prophet’s first experience of revelation tell us about the nature of prophethoodin Islam? [4]May /June 2010

2 (a) Give an account of how the Qur’an was compiled in the years following the Prophet’sdeath. [10](b) Explain why the first community of Muslims thought it was necessary to compile theQur’an. [4]

Oct Nov 2010

May/June2008

4 (a) Briefly describe the four main sources of legal thinking in Islam. [4x2.5](b) Give one example each to show how the third and fourth of these legal sources areused. [2x2]

Oct/Nov2007

4 (a) What is consensus (ijma`)? [4](b) How and in what circumstances is it used in Islamic legal thinking? [4](c) Give two examples of the use of consensus. [4]

Oct/nov 2006

4 (a) Trace the major stages in the compilation of the Qur’an in the time of the caliphs Abu Bakrand `Uthman. [2 x 5](b) Why did these caliphs think it was important to make a compilation of the Qur’an? [4

Oct/ Nov 2005

4 (a) Briefly describe the four main sources of legal thinking in Islam. [10](b) Give one example each to show how the third and fourth of these legal sources are used. [4]

Biography of the Holy Prophet (pbuh) May/June 20093 (a) Describe the events of two of the battles fought by the Prophet while he was leader of theCommunity at Madina. [10](b) How does his conduct in one of these battles provide a model for Muslims today when theyface difficulties? [4]

4 (a) Write an account of the first migration (hijra ) of the Muslims to Abyssinia. [10](b) Why did the people of Makah pursue these Muslims? [4]

Oct/Nov2009

3 (a) Describe two events from the life of the Prophet that illustrate the way he treated non-Muslims. [10](b) How can these examples help Muslims today in their relationships with non-Muslims? [4]5 (a) Trace the events that led up to the Prophet’s migration (hijra). [10](b) Explain the importance of the Pledges of ‘Aqaba to the Prophet in the period leading up tothe migration. [4]

May/June 2010

3 (a) Write about the life of the Prophet up until the first revelation. [10](b) Why was his relationship with his wife Khadija important for him? [4]

4 (a) Describe the events relating to the Prophet’s experiences in caves. [10](b) Explain the significance of one of these experiences for the development of Islam. [4]

Oct/Nov 2010

May /June2008

2 (a) Describe the main events of the Prophet’s migration from Makka to Madina. [10](b) Explain why he thought it important to make this journey. [4]

Oct /Nov 2008

2 (a) Briefly describe four actions or qualities of the Prophet Muhammad that would make clear tothe people who lived with him that he was the Messenger of God. [4 x 2.5](b) Explain what Muslims mean by the title ‘Seal of the Prophets’. [4]

May/June2007

2 (a) Write an account of the major difficulties encountered by:(i) the Prophet [6]and (ii) his followers [6]during the years when they lived in Makka.(b) Explain how their reaction to these difficulties can set an example for Muslims today. [4]

3 (a) Describe three events from the time of the Prophet and the Rightly Guided Caliphs thatshow how they conducted relations between the early Muslim community and othercommunities. [3 x 4](b) Suggest ways in which any one of these examples can provide models for relations betweenstates today. [4]

Oct/Nov 2007

2 (a) Give a brief description of the Prophet’s experiences in caves. [10](b) Explain why one of these experiences was important in the history of Islam. [4]

May/June2006

2 (a) Give descriptions of the main events of the battles of Badr and Uhud. [10](b) Explain why the people of Makka fought against the Muslims of Madina. [4]

Oct/Nov 2006

2 (a) Outline four of the Prophet’s personal qualities that make him a model for Muslims tofollow. [4 x 2.5](b) Choosing two of these qualities, give one example in each case to show how Muslims canput them into practice in their own lives. [2 x 2]

3 (a) Describe four incidents that show how, between 622 and 661, the Prophet and the RightlyGuided Caliphs conducted relations with other states. [4 x 2.5](b) Suggest ways in which any two of these examples can provide models for relations betweenstates today. [4]

May /June 2005

2 (a) Write brief accounts of the following two incidents in the life of the Prophet:(i) his attempt to preach to the people of al-Ta’if [5](ii) his conquest of Mecca. [5](b) What lessons can Muslims today learn from the Prophet’s conduct in each of theseincidents? [2 x 2]

Oct/Nov 2005

2 (a) Describe the events that immediately led up to the Prophet’s migration, the hijra. [10](b) Suggest three reasons why he decided to move from Mecca to Medina. [6]

Oct/Nov2005

2 (a) Describe the events that immediately led up to the Prophet’s migration, the hijra. [10](b) Suggest three reasons why he decided to move from Mecca to Medina. [6]

May/ June 2004

2 (a) Outline the changes in the Prophet’s relations with the Jewish tribes and the ‘hypocrites’ inMedina in the years between 622 and 632. [12](b) Suggest reasons why his relations with the Jewish tribes changed. [4]

Oct/Nov2004

2 (a) Give an account of the Prophet’s first experience of receiving revelation. [10](b) Explain the significance of the actions of the angel and Waraqa Ibn Nawfal in this event.[2 x 2]

May/June 2003

2 (a) Write an account of the major difficulties encountered by the Prophet and his followers inthe years when they lived in Mecca. [10](b) Explain how their reaction to these difficulties sets an example for Muslims today. [4]

The Islamic CommunityMay/June 2009

5 (a) Write accounts of the lives of the Prophet’s two grandsons al-Hasan and al-Husayn. [10](b) Explain why they each died in the way they did. [4]

Oct/nov2009

4 (a) Write briefly about the conversion to Islam of Abu Bakr, ‘Umar, ‘Uthman and ‘Ali. [10](b) In what ways did the conversion of ‘Umar help the young Muslim community? [4]

May /June 2010

5 (a) Describe the teachings of Islam about the position of women as wives, mothers and daughters.[10](b) What do these teachings tell us about the relationship between men and women? [4]

May/June 2008

3 (a) Describe the main teachings of the Qur’an about:(i) taking interest (riba) in financial dealings(ii) relations between Muslims and non-Muslims(iii) the position of women as wives. [3 x 4](b) What can the example of the Prophet in his relationship with his wives teach Muslimstoday? [4]

5 (a) Describe the main events during the lifetime of the Prophet which involved the followingpeople:(i) Khadija(ii) Abu Talib(iii) Abu Sufyan. [3 x 4](b) Explain why the death of Abu Talib was a significant event for the Prophet. [4]

Oct/nov 2008

5 Explain the importance of the following during the lifetime of the Prophet:(a) Abu Talib [4](b) Bilal [4](c) Abu Sufyan [4](d) the Ansar. [4]

3 (a) Describe the teachings of Islam about the position of women as:(i) wives [4](ii) mothers [4](iii) daughters. [3](b) Explain the teachings of the Qur’an about the relationship between men and women. [5]

May/June2007

4 (a) Describe the work carried out by the Scribes of the Prophet in writing down the revelations. [6](b) Why was the task they performed significant? [4](c) What was the part played by Zayd Ibn Thabit in compiling the revelations? [6]

5 (a) Identify twelve of the wives of the Prophet. [6](b) Explain the importance of:(i) Khadija during the lifetime of the Prophet. [5](ii) `A’isha in the years following the Prophet’s death. [5]

Oct/Nov2007

3 (a) Describe the teachings of Islam about the position of women as(i) wives [4](ii) mothers [4](iii) daughters. [3](b) How far do you think Islam teaches about equality between men and women? [5]

4 (a) Write biographical accounts of any two of the following Muslims:(i) Bilal(ii) Talha(iii) Hafsa(iv) Hasan. [2 x 5](b) Explain the importance in Islam of the two Muslims you have chosen. [2 x 3]

5 (a) Write briefly about two of the Ten Blessed Companions who did not become caliphs. [2 x 2](b) Explain the significance of:(i) Abu Bakr, andeither (ii) `Uthman,or (iii) `Aliduring the lifetime of the Prophet. [2 x 6]

May/June 2006

3 (a) Give three examples from the life of the Prophet that illustrate his attitude towards non-Muslims. [3 x 2](b) How do these examples help Muslims in their relations with non-Muslims today? [3 x 2]

(c) What are the main teachings of the Qur’an about taking interest (riba) in financial dealingswith others? [4]

5 (a) Briefly explain the importance of the Scribes of the Prophet. [4](b) Outline the work they carried out in writing down the revelations. [4](c) Describe the part played by Zayd Ibn Thabit in preserving the revelations after the Prophet’sdeath. [8]

May/ june 2005

3 (a) Describe the teachings of Islam about the position of women as(i) wives, [4](ii) mothers, [4]and (iii) daughters. [3](b) Explain the teachings of Islam about the relationship between men and women. [5]

5 Explain the importance of the following figures during the lifetime of the Prophet:(a) Abu Talib [4](b) Bilal [4](c) Abu Sufyan [4(d) the Ansar. [4]

Oct/Nov2005

5 (a) Identify the Ten Blessed Companions. [8](b) Explain why they were known by this name. [2](c) Write brief notes about the lives of any three of these Companions who did not becomecaliphs. [3 x 2]

May/June 2004

3 (a) Giving one example in each case, show how the life of the Prophet provides a model forMuslims:(i) in their treatment of other Muslims,(ii) in their treatment of non-Muslims,(iii) in dealing with opposition,and (iv) in business transactions. [4 x 3](b) Explain how any two of these examples could help you or those around you in situationsyou have encountered recently. [2 x 2]

4 (a) Write short accounts of the lives of:(i) Khadija, andeither (ii) ‘A’isha,or (iii) Fatima. [2 x 6]

5 (a) Identify each of the Ten Blessed Companions. [4](b) Explain the significance of:(i) Abu Bakr, andeither (ii) `Uthman,or (iii) `Aliduring the lifetime of the Prophet. [2 x 6]

Explain the significance of your two chosen figures during the lifetime of the Prophet. [2 x 2]

Oct/Nov 2004

3 (a) Describe three examples from the time of the Prophet and the Rightly Guided Caliphs thatshow the relations between the early Muslim state and other states. [3 x 4](b) Suggest ways in which any two of these examples can provide models for relations between

states today. [4]

Oct/Nov 2004

5 (a) Identify twelve of the Wives of the Prophet. [6](b) Explain the importance of:(i) Khadija during the lifetime of the Prophet, [5]and (ii) `A’isha in the years following the Prophet’s death. [5]

May/June 2003

3 Give examples from the teachings of the Qur’an and from the life of the Prophet to show howMuslims should act in their relationships with any two of the following:(a) friends(b) strangers(c) business partners. [2x8]4 (a) Write short biographical accounts of any three of the following Muslims:(i) Bilal(ii) Talha(iii) Hafsa(iv) Hasan. [3x4](b) Explain the importance in Islam of any two of the above Muslims you have chosen. [2x2]

Paper 2

Hadis

May/June 2009

(i) ‘Religion is sincerity.’ We said: ‘To whom?’ The Prophet said: ‘To Allah, his Book, hisMessenger, the leaders of the Muslims and to their common people.’

(ii) No one eats better food than that which he eats out of the work of his hand.

(iii) Whosoever of you sees an evil action, let him change it with his hand, and if he is notable to do so then with his tongue, and if he is not able to do so then with his heart, andthat is the weakest of faith.

(iv) ‘I and the man who brings up an orphan will be in paradise like this.’ And he pointed withhis two fingers, the index finger and the middle finger

Oct/Nov 2009

i) The Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and give him peace) sent Abu Musa andMu‘adh ibn Jabal to Yaman, and he sent each of them to govern a part. Then he said:‘Be gentle and do not be hard, and cause rejoicing and do not alienate.’

(ii) Modesty produces nothing but good.

(iii) He who has in his heart as much faith as a grain of mustard seed will not enter hell,and he who has in his heart as much pride as a grain of mustard seed will not enterparadise.

. (iv) God does not regard your appearances and your possessions, but he regards yourhearts and your actions.

May/June 2010

(i) None of you believes until he wants for his brother what he wants for himself.

A man asked the Messenger of Allah (may Allah bless him and give him peace): Do you think that if I perform the obligatory prayers, fast in Ramadan, treat as lawful that which is lawful and treat as forbidden that which is forbidden, and do nothing further, I shall enter paradise? He said: Yes.

(iii) It was said: O Messenger of Allah, who is the most excellent of men? The Messengerof Allah (may Allah bless him and give him peace) said: ‘The believer who strives hard inthe way of Allah with his person and his property.’

(iv) God will not show mercy to him who does not show mercy to others.

History and Importance of HadisMay/June 2009

2 (a) Outline the main teachings of the Hadiths you have studied about the importance of Muslimcommunal life. [10](b) Explain the main differences between musnad and musannaf Hadiths. [4]

Oct/Nov 2009

2 (a) Describe the methods employed by the compilers of the major books of Hadith to ensure theHadiths they collected were authentic. [10](b) Why is it important for Muslims to have collections of authentic Hadiths? [4]

May/June 2010

2 (a) How did the compilers of Hadiths (muhaddithun) judge between acceptable and unacceptableHadiths? [10](b) How are the Qur’an and Hadith employed in working out Islamic law? [4]

Oct/nov20084 (a) Explain the importance of the isnad (chain of transmitters) and of the matn (body of text) inassisting scholars to check the authenticity of a Hadith. [2 x 6](b) Outline the major differences between the musnad and musannaf collections of Hadith. [4]

May /June2006

4 (a) Explain the importance of the isnad (chain of transmitters) and of the matn (body of text) inassisting scholars to check the authenticity of a Hadith. [12](b) Outline the major differences between the musnad and musannaf collections of Hadith. [4]

Oct /nov 2006

(a) What methods were used by the major collectors to ensure the Hadiths they accepted weregenuine? [8](b) How are the Qur’an and Hadiths employed in working out the Islamic law? [4]Either(c) In what circumstances do Sunni Muslims allow the use of qiyas (analogy)? [4]

May/June2005

What methods were used by the collectors of the six major books of Hadith to ensure that thesayings of the Prophet they accepted were genuine? [8](b) How are the Qur’an and Hadith employed in working out the Islamic law? [4]

Either(c) In what circumstances do Sunni Muslims allow the use of qiyas (analogy)? [4]

Oct /Nov 20054 (a) Briefly describe the four main sources of legal thinking in Islam. [12](b) Give one example each to show how the third and fourth of these legal sources are used. [4]

Oct/ Nov 2004

4 (a) Give two specific examples of how the Hadith have been used together with the Qur’an inworking out the Islamic law. [2 x 5](b) Explain the importance of(i) the isnad,and (ii) the matnin deciding that a Hadith is authentic. [2 x 3]

May/June 2003

(a) What methods were used by the major collectors to ensure the Hadith they accepted weregenuine? [8](b) How are the Qur’an and Hadith used in working out the Islamic law? [4]Either(c) In what circumstances do Sunni Muslims allow the use of qiyas (analogy)? [4]Or(d) Why do Shi‘i Muslims attach importance to the use of ‘aql (reason) in establishing the Islamiclaw? [4]

Rightly Guided CaliphMay/June 2009

3 (a) Trace the expansion of the Islamic empire under the rule of the caliph ‘Umar. [10](b) What does the way he died tell us about his character? [4]

4 (a) Describe the main events of the caliphate of ‘Ali. [10](b) Explain why Talha and Zubayr opposed ‘Ali. [4]

Oct/Nov 2009

3 (a) Describe Abu Bakr’s activities against the false prophets and apostate tribes. [10](b) Why is Abu Bakr called the Saviour of Islam?

May/June 2010

3 (a) What major events took place during the caliphate of ‘Uthman? [10](b) Explain why ‘Uthman encountered difficulties in the later years of his caliphate and wasassassinated. [4]

May /June2008

4 (a) Write about:(i) Abu Bakr’s conquest of the false prophets(ii) `Uthman’s arrangements to make a collection of the Qur’an. [2 x 5](b) Explain why these two caliphs thought it was important to take these actions. [2 x 3]

Oct/Nov2008

4 (a) Describe the main activities of `Ali during the lifetime of the Prophet. [6](b) Describe the main events of `Ali’s rule as caliph. [6](c) Explain why close Companions of the Prophet opposed `Ali, and why his supporters desertedhim towards the end of his life. [2 x 2]

May/June 2006

4 (a) Write an account of the main activities of Hazrat `Uthman:(i) during the lifetime of the Prophet, [6]and (ii) during his caliphate. [6](b) Explain why Hazrat `Uthman encountered difficulties in the latter years of his caliphate andwas assassinated. [4]

Oct/Nov2006

4 (a) Write an account of the main activities of Hazrat `Umar:(i) during the lifetime of the Prophet,and (ii) during his caliphate. [2 x 6](b) What does the manner of Hazrat `Umar’s death tell us about his character? [4]

May/June20054 (a) Write an account of the major contributions made to Islam by Abu Bakr:(i) during the Prophet’s lifetime, [4]and (ii) during his caliphate. [8](b) Explain why he was known as the Honest One (al-Siddiq), and the Saviour of Islam. [4]

Oct/Nov 2005

(a) Write an account of the life of `Ali ibn Abi Talib, paying particular attention to:(i) his companionship of the Prophet [6](ii) his caliphate. [6]Either(b) Explain why `Ali was opposed by Mu`awiya during his rule as caliph. [4]Or(c) Explain why `Ali’s leadership of the community is regarded as important by Shi`i Muslims. [4]

Oct/Nov 2004

4 (a) Write short accounts of the lives of any two of the Rightly Guided Caliphs. [2 x 6](b) Explain the significance of one of your chosen figures during his reign as Caliph. [4]

May/June 2003

5 (a) Explain why Mu‘awiya refused to accept ‘Ali as caliph. [6](b) Describe the main events of the battle of Siffin. [6](c) Explain why some supporters of ‘Ali left him after the battle of Siffin. [4]

Articles of faith

May/June 2009

5 (a) Write about Muslim beliefs in prophets. [10](b) Explain how this belief influences the daily living of a Muslim. [4]

May/June 2010

4 (a) What are Muslim beliefs about angels? [10](b) Why is the belief in resurrection important to Muslims in their daily living? [4]

Oct/Nov 2008

3 (a) Describe the Muslim belief in:(i) angels [4](ii) books.

May/june2007 3 (a) What are the main features of the belief in the line of messengers (rusul) who were sentbefore the time of the Prophet Muhammad? [10](b) What does a Muslim believe by the words ‘And Muhammad is the messenger of God’? [6]

Oct/Nov 2007

3 (a) Write a descriptive account of the Muslim beliefs in books. [8]

May/June 2005

3 (a) Write a descriptive account of the Muslim belief in:(i) angels [4](ii) God’s predestination and decree. [4]

Oct/Nov 2005

3 (a) Write a descriptive account of the Muslim belief in:(i) prophets [4](ii) resurrection and the last day. [4]

May/June 2004

(a) Write short accounts of Muslim beliefs in the following:(i) angels(ii) booksand (iii) prophets. [3 x 4](b) Explain the relationship between these three Articles of Belief. [4]

May/june 2003

3 (a) What are the main features of the Muslim belief in the line of prophetic messengers (rusul)who were sent before the time of Muhammad? [10](b) What does a Muslim believe by the words ‘And Muhammad is the messenger of God’? [6]

Pillars of Islam

Oct/Nov 2009

4 (a) Describe the particular features of congregational prayers on Fridays (jum‘a). [10](b) Why do Muslims regard these prayers as important? [4]

5 (a) Describe the main events of the annual pilgrimage (hajj). [10](b) Explain the significance of the prophet Abraham in the observances of the pilgrimage. [4]

May/June2010

5 (a) What are the conditions of prayer (salat) that must be fulfilled before performing them? [10](b) Explain the importance of mosques in Muslim communities. [4]

May/june 2008

3 (a) Write an account of the annual pilgrimage to Makka, the hajj, describing the main observancesmade by the pilgrims. [10](b) In what ways are the prophet Ibrahim and his family important to the annual pilgrimage? [6]

May/June 2007

4 (a) Describe how a Muslim fasts during a day in Ramadan. [10](b) Outline the kinds of Muslims who are excused from fasting during this month. [2](c) Explain why the Ramadan fast is important to Muslims. [4]

Oct/Nov2007

How do the following Pillars of Islam help keep the community united:(i) prayers (salat) [4](ii) almsgiving (zakat)? [4]

May/June 2006

3 Give a brief explanation of the importance of each of the following in Muslim beliefs andpractices in relation to the hajj:(a) the Ka`ba [4](b) ihram [4](c) `Arafat [4]and (d) `Id al-Adha. [4]

Oct/Nov 2006

3 (a) Describe the main characteristics of the congregational prayers on Friday. [10](b) Explain the main differences between regular daily prayer (salat) and personal prayer(du`a’). [6]

May/June 2005

3 (a) Write a descriptive account of the Muslim belief in:(i) angels [4](ii) God’s predestination and decree. [4](b) Explain the importance to the community of Muslims of:(i) congregational prayers on Fridays [4](ii) almsgiving. [4]

Oct/Nov2005 (b) Explain the importance to the community of Muslims of:(i) mosques [4](ii) the annual pilgrimage. [4]

May/june 2004

3 (a) Describe the way in which the fast of Ramadan is observed. [8](b) Give reasons to explain why this fast is important in Islam. [8]

Oct/Nov2004

3 (a) Give brief descriptions of the ways in which fasting and almsgiving are carried out. [2 x 6]

(b) Show how these two pillars keep the community together. [4]4