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ISL G Technology Overview

The 3 E’s: There are three key reasons for using Natural Gas to power commercial vehicles.

Environmental Leadership

Energy Policy Economic Benefits

Simpler Cleaner Fuel

Complex Hydrocarbon

Simplest Hydrocarbon

High hydrogen-to-carbon ratio results in GHG advantage

Energy Policy: The U.S. is the world’s largest consumer of imported oil.

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EIA data for year 2007

Top 25 Petroleum Importers

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Large & Growing Natural Gas Opportunity Forecast: Delivered Energy Prices for Diesel & Natural Gas Transportation Fuels, 2010-2035

Source U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2010

2008 Equivalent U.S. Dollars Per Gallon Equivalent

Gas Shale Plays are an Industry Changing Breakthrough

North America Resource Estimates   2,119 Tcf of Total Resource   95+ Year Supply at 75 Bcf/d   70+ Year Supply at 100 Bcf/d

Energy Security

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Lower Fuel Costs-Historically 25-40%

Price difference to diesel is growing Natural gas price is lower with new supply

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Cummins Westport Inc. (CWI) is a Joint Venture of Westport & Cummins

Cummins Inc.

“CWI” Cummins Westport Inc.

50/50

Cummins Inc. Westport

Innovations Inc.

Over 30,000 Engines Delivered June 2011

Over 10,000 ISL Gs

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CWI: Fully integrated within Cummins. We are Cummins’ automotive natural gas engine company.

Product Engineering

Cummins Tech Center Cummins VPI Process

Cummins Account Teams & Distributors

Manufacturing

Warranty

Cummins Plants

Parts & Service Cummins Distributors

Sales

Cummins Warranty

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Why ISL G?

Environmental Leadership   ISL G Met Regulated 2010 EPA/Euro EEV in 2007

  20% Lower greenhouse gas emissions

Energy Security   Reduced reliance on oil   Biomethane capable

Economic Benefits   Improved Reliability   Improved Efficiency   Lower total fuel costs

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ISL G Natural Gas Engine   8.9 Litre (540 cu. In.)   In line 6 cylinder   Charge Air Cooled (CAC)   Spark ignition   Peak Rating:

–  HP-320 hp Torque -1000 lb-ft   Certified to 2010 EPA and CARB NOx

and PM standards   Three Way Catalyst Aftertreatment   Manufactured by Cummins in Cummins

Engine Plant- Rocky Mount, North Carolina

  Over 10,000 in service

•  2007 - 1st Heavy Duty Engine Certified

2010 EPA

•  2008 - # 1 Natural Gas Engine in

Transit

•  2009 - #1 Natural Gas Engine in

Refuse

•  2010 - #1 Natural Gas Engine in

Conventional Truck

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Cummins Westport - 30,000 Automotive Engines Delivered

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10,000 ISL Gs produced in 4

Years

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Evolution of Natural Gas Engine Technology   Stoichiometric combustion is the ideal combustion process during which

fuel and oxygen are burned completely –  Early HD natural gas engines were stoichiometric –  Ideal air/fuel ratio - chemically correct mixing of fuel and air –  Consumes all fuel & air without excess of either in exhaust –  Three way catalyst (TWC) aftertreatment is highly effective at NOx reduction, but only if there is no

oxygen in exhaust stream   Lean Burn combustion, adds air to the air fuel mixture so the air content

is higher than the stoichiometric ratio –  Evolution from Stoichiometric to meet market demands –  Lean burn in heavy duty NG enabled better efficiency, power density and durability than

conventional stoichiometric combustion –  Excess air leads to reduced exhaust temperatures –  Oxygen in exhaust enables oxidation catalyst, not TWC

  Stoichiometric combustion with cooled EGR combines & improves the best attributes of both Stoichiometric & Lean Burn combustion.

–  Cooled EGR (CEGR) replaces the additional air in Lean Burn combustion –  CEGR reduces exhaust temperature similar to lean burn engines –  Better efficiency and power density compared to Lean Burn and Stoichiometric technologies –  Enables a TWC for NOx control.

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  Cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation (CEGR)

  Stoichiometric Combustion

  Three Way Catalyst (TWC)

Cummins

Cummins Emission Solutions

2010 ISL G - Three Key Emission Technologies

Cummins Westport

Stoich EGR Three Way

Catalyst Architecture

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T

Three Way Catalyst

O2 Sensor

EGR Cooler C

harg

e A

ir C

oole

r

O2 Sensor

Throttle

Fuel

CWI 2010 Technology

Spark Ignited Combustion

Spark Plug

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Benefits of Stoichiometric EGR Combustion

  Increased power density –  Torque curves are virtually the same as diesel –  Diesel-like transient response/performance –  More torque at idle (+34%)

  Increased thermal efficiency –  5% fuel economy improvement vs. lean-burn natural gas engines –  Lower methane emissions (GHG benefit)

  Decreased emissions –  Meets 2010 emission standards –  Lower carbon (greenhouse gas) emissions –  Quiet - ISL G is 9.9 decibels quieter than ISL9 at Idle/no load –  Simple, passive, maintenance-free aftertreatment

Catalyst Inlet

NOX

CO

HC

Catalyst Outlet

N2

CO2

H2O ISL  G  TWC  -­‐  similar  package  size  to  current  mufflers  

Three Way Catalyst   TWC reduces three harmful emissions: NOX, CO, HC

  End products are: N2, CO2, H2O

  Packaged as a replacement muffler

  Simple, passive, maintenance-free

  Consistent performance across all duty cycles

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NMHC NOx CO PM FTP EUR

O FTP EUR

O FTP EUR

O FTP EUR

O STD 0.14 0.14 0.2 0.2 15.5 15.5 0.01 0.01 CERT 0.13 0.04 0.13 0.01 1.2 0.4 0.002 0.000

California Air Resources Board - Executive Order Shows Emissions Results

ISL G is under 2010 NOx and PM regulations

FTP: Federal Test Procedure [ transient and steady state ]

EURO: Euro III European Steady-State Cycle

STD: standard or emissions test cap

CERT: certification level

Tough California Emissions Standards and Cummins Westport Engines

Further Reductions are Being Explored •  Sub Ambient • “Zero” Emissions

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Up to 20% Lower Greenhouse Gas Emissions

  As natural gas fuel economy improves, CO2 emissions are reduced

  CH4 emissions, adjusted to consider GHG impact are less than 10% of total GHG emissions.

  Well to Wheel (WTW) analysis with GHGenius modeling tool predicts over 20% WTW GHG emissions benefit for natural gas vs. diesel.

  Using landfill gas or anaerobic gas as a biomethane fuel increases GHG difference to ~90%.

  Cummins Westport approves the use of biomethane that meets fuel specifications.

Source: Presentation to AFVI convention by Don O’Conner (S&T)2 Consultants May 2008

GHG - Biomethane Fuel Impact

Natural Gas Vehicle has 20 - 22% Lower GHG with fossil gas

Source:http://www.nsca.org.uk/assets/biogas_ as_transport_fuel_june06.pdf

Biogas based fuel improves GHG

reduction by 75-200%

2012 Results (California)

Source: CEC-600-2007-004-REV

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Well-to-Wheel Greenhouse Gas Emissions GH

G em

issio

ns p

er kW

h on

the s

haft

CO2 equivalent / any greenhouse gas converted into same greenhouse effect as CO2

Source: Volvo Group – transit

732

240

66 26 11

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Diesel, crude oil Ethanol, wheat Ethanol, enzyme wood

Ethanol, wood via black liquor

Biogas as CNG/LNG

How Big is a Ton of CO2?

One CNG Transit bus reduces CO2 by approx 97.6 trailers full per year.

Reduced Noise

ISL G is 5.5 decibels quieter at peak torque

and load

ISL G is 9.9 decibels quieter at Idle/no load

Communities notice the natural gas noise

advantage.

ONE Diesel engine idling is louder than TEN natural

gas engines idling together

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Technology What is the Same?

  Major Engine Components –  Block, crankshaft, main bearing,

piston rods, EGR –  Over 80% parts commonality

  500 hour Maintenance Interval   Parts and Service

–  Global Cummins Distributor Network

  320, 300, 280, 260 and 250 HP ratings

  Compatible with Cummins Diagnostic tools –  Insite –  Quickserve online

  Manufactured in Cummins Engine Plant, North Carolina

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ISL G Warranty - Every Coverage

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Technology What is Different?   Cylinder head

–  2 valve vs. 4 valve (diesel)   Ignition

–  Spark Ignition (SI) vs. Compression (diesel)

  Fuel System –  Intake manifold vs. Common rail

injection (diesel)   Aftertreatment

–  3 way catalyst vs. Particulate Filter + Selective Catalytic Reduction (diesel)

  Maintenance Cost –  Incremental cost of maintenance

related to ignition and overhead valve adjustments adds up to $0.03 per mile ($0.02 per km) to ISL G

  Lubricating Oil –  Natural gas engines require a

specific oil that meets Cummins specification CES 20074

  Noise –  Natural gas engines are up to

10db quieter at idle

  Compression Ratio –  ISL G is 12:1 compression

ISL G Components

 EGR Valve  Fuel Module  ECM  ICM

 EGR Cooler  Wastegate Turbo  Crankcase Breather  EGR Crossover Tube

2 Valve Cylinder Head & Coil on Plug Ignition

 Initial valve set at 1,000 hours, 2,000 hours thereafter Ignition coils mounted at 45 degree angle  One coil per cylinder, left side of valve cover  Spark Plug change interval is 1,500 hours

Turbocharger, Exhaust Manifold, EGR Cooler

Wastegated Turbocharger EGR Crossover Tube

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Three Way Catalyst Aftertreatment

 Similar to catalyst on gasoline passenger cars  Packaged as a muffler. Vertical or horizontal mount  Weighs ~100 pounds  Passive device  Benefits:

– Maintenance-free – Reliable – No regeneration events – Easy to install in vehicle

2010 Engines Aftertreatment Comparison

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Cummins TWC

Heated DEFTank

DEF Dosing Control Unit

ECM

SCR Catalyst Particulate Filter

Estimated System Weight ~ 60 Gallons Fuel CNG – 1,000 lbs more LNG – 300 lbs more

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System Weights ISL9 Diesel ISL G Natural Gas Engine 1,695 lbs 1,625 lbs Aftertreatment 450 lbs 100 lbs Fuel Tanks - Diesel (60 Gal) 100 lbs (550 lbs Full) - CNG (60 DGE) 1,600 lbs (2,000 lbs Full) - LNG (68 DGE) 815 lbs (1,288 lbs Full) Total Weight (Full) 2,695 lbs CNG - 3,725 lb

LNG - 3,013 lb

Keys to Success   Follow Cummins maintenance intervals and procedures outlined in Operation

and Maintenance manuals   Use Cummins Authorized parts   Set oil drain / service intervals based on average fleet speed   Default interval is the hours stated.

–  Interval is Defined by application and average speed – hours, miles or time, which ever comes first

  Use only natural gas engine oil (CES 200074)   Check air intake every 250 hours, and use only OEM approved air filters   Perform Initial Overhead Valve adjustment at 1,000 hours or 15,000 miles

(24,000 km)

Example: Normal Duty - Oil Drain/Service Intervals

Average Vehicle Speed Kilometers Miles Hours Months Normal Duty -Truck 24,000 15,000 500 6 Transit Bus 10-15 mph 9,650 6,000 500 6 Refuse Truck 10-15 mph 9,650 6,000 500 6

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Use 15W-40 Natural Gas Engine Oil

  Cummins Westport natural gas engines require special engine oil that is available from major oil suppliers.

  Careful attention must be paid to engine oil specifications because natural gas engine oil has different properties than diesel engine oil. A sulfated ash limit of 0.6 percent has been placed on all engine lubricating oil recommended for use in Cummins Westport engines.

  Higher ash oils can cause valve and/or piston damage and lead to excessive oil consumption and degradation of the catalyst.

Do not use diesel engine oil in a natural gas engine. If diesel engine oil is used, valve torching, piston scuffing, and reduction in spark plug life will occur.

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CES20074 Gas Engine Only (GEO) engine oil is available from most major oil companies

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ENGINE MODEL ADVERTISED HP(KW) @ RPM

PEAK TORQUE LB-FT @ RPM

GOVERNED SPEED

ISL G 320 320 (239) @ 2000 1000 (1356) @ 1300 2200 RPM

ISL G 300 300 (224) @ 2100 860 (1166) @ 1300 2200 RPM

ISL G 280 280 (209) @ 2000 900 (1220) @ 1300 2200 RPM

ISL G 260 260 (194) @ 2200 660 (895) @ 1300 2200 RPM

ISL G 250 250 (186) @ 2200 730 (990) @ 1300 2200 RPM

ISL G Ratings

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Fuel

  Natural gas fuel must meet ISL G fuel specs per AEB 79.05   Minimum Methane Number (MN) is 75   Natural Gas fuel for the ISL G can be stored on the vehicle in either liquid

(LNG) or compressed (CNG) form.   ISL G requires fuel to be regulated to max 150 psi, min 70 psi   Cummins Westport approves the use of up to 100% biomethane that meets

Cummins published natural gas fuel specifications

CNG Delivery Chain

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Conventional Unconventional - Shale Renewable - BioMethane

Source Producer

CNG Fuel Station

Compress

CNG Fuel Stations

CNG Time Fill Station   Overnight fueling   Small compressor   One storage vessel   Dual hose or single hose posts

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CNG Fast Fill Station   Rapid succession vehicle fueling   Large compressor(s)   Three or more storage vessels

CNG Time Fill

Fast Fill CNG Dispenser

LNG Delivery Chain

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Conventional Unconventional - Shale Renewable - BioMethane

Source Producer

LNG Fuel Station

Liquefy

Transport

LNG Fuel Stations  LNG is trucked to refueling station in 10,000 gallon tanker

trailers –  LNG source is typically a dedicated liquefaction plant for vehicle

LNG or utility company LNG peak-shaving plant –  “Small-scale” liquefaction (i.e. smaller than industrial-scale

liquefaction plants) is expected to increase LNG availability

 Requires on site LNG bulk storage tank, typically 13,000 to 16,000 gallons

 LNG dispensed to vehicle tanks as a cryogenic liquid –  Approx 50 gpm refueling rate

 LNG stations cost less than CNG stations –  Easier to pump a liquid than compress a gas

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Recent market activity points to “corridors” that support the on highway market for natural gas.

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Step 1: Serve Local/

Regional Trucking Hubs

Step 2: Serve Lanes that

Connect the Hubs

Note: Chesapeake $1 billion investment announcement (July 2011)

OEM Supplied Fuel System Components (Both CNG and LNG Systems)

 Mounted on the vehicle  Regulates storage pressure down to engine specification pressure (70-150 psi)  Note drain on pre-filter has a drain requirement

 Must be drained if there is 1 oz of liquid

CNG Fuel Storage   Strong and safe - Carbon fiber wrapped CNG tanks

–  3,600 psi capability

  Can be mounted vertically or horizontally   Each tank carries approx.15 diesel equivalent gallons (DGE)

Shut off valve

Fuel fill connection

Fuel pressure gauges

LNG Fuel System

75 Diesel Gallon Equivalent Tank

LNG Economizer

• LNG tanks are designed with thermal properties to store natural gas as a liquid (-260 F). • The liquid leaves the tank to an economizer supplied with engine coolant to warm the gas to gaseous form. As it returns to gaseous state it expands and pressurizes the system. • A LNG fuel system is a low pressure system designed for normal operating pressure of 230 psi.

Established ISL G Applications

BUS REFUSE

CWI is available from leading urban bus and cab over refuse truck companies

Transit ISL G Availability

Top North American CNG Transit Fleets LAMTA, Los Angeles, CA OCTA, Orange County, CA Big Blue Bus, Santa Monica, CA

TransLink, Vancouver, BC NY / Long Island Transit, NY San Diego Transit, CA

Foothills Transit, San Gabriel Valley, CA

RTC Transit, Las Vegas, NV HSR, Hamilton, ONT

Fort Worth, TX Santa Clara, CA

Tacoma, WA St. Louis, MO

OEM New Flyer NABI Orion ElDorado MCI

Model 30/35/40 Low Floor 35/40 Low Floor 60 BRT

Orion V HF Orion VII LF

EZ Rider II Motor Coach

Fuel CNG CNG CNG LNG/CNG 40 and 45 ft

Engine ISLG 280 ISLG 280 ISL G 320

ISL G 280 ISLG 280 ISLG 320

Cab Over Refuse Truck Availability OEM AutoCar Mack Peterbilt American

Lafrance Crane Carrier

Model Xpeditor TerraPro LE Terra Pro CO

320 Condor LET

Fuel LNG/CNG LNG/CNG LNG/CNG LNG/CNG LNG/CNG

Engine ISLG 320 ISLG 320 ISL G 320 ISL G 320 ISLG 320

. OR North America Refuse Fleets

City of Los Angeles, CA City of Toronto Miller Waste, Ont

Republic Service City of Sacramento, CA EMI, Que

Specialty Solid Waste Long Island, NY City of Surrey, BC

City of New York Smithtown, NY

Denver, CO Waste Management (USA & Canada)

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Conventional Truck Availability OEM Freightliner Peterbilt Kenworth Volvo

Model M2 – 112 SD - 114

320 384 365

T800SH W900S T440 T470

VNM

Engine ISLG 320 ISL G 300

ISL G 320 ISLG 320 ISL G 320

Application 6x4 Tractor 4x2 Tractor 4x2 Truck 6x2 Truck Vocational

Tractor Vocational

Mixer

Tractor Vocational

Mixer

Tractor

OR

Automotive Natural Gas Truck Market

Cummins Westport Confidential 52

Other OEMs

OEM Thomas Blue Bird

Capacity Autocar

Application School Bus Yard Tractor Yard Tractor

Model Type D Capacity – TJ9000 Autocar - Xspotter

Engine ISLG 250 ISL G 250 ISLG 320

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OR

CWI Contact Information   Bill Boyce, Eastern USA

–  bill.boyce@cummins.com –  Office: (330) 534-8352 –  Cell: (330) 720-9785

  Jerry Johnson, Western USA –  jerry.j.johnson@cummins.com –  Cell: (303) 396-9821

  Jeff Campbell, Canada –  jeff.campbell@cummins.com –  Office: (604) 718-2099 –  Cell: (604) 318-4790

  Gordon Exel, VP & General Manager, Americas –  gordon.exel@cummin.com –  Office: (604) 718-8384 –  Cell: (604) 764-9867

  Gloria Stewart, Account Executive   gloria.stewart@cummins.com   Office: (812)-377-0481   Cell: (812)-350-2684

  Brandon Davis, Technical Support Manager –  brandon.c.davis@cummins.com –  Office: (562) 760-4537 –  Cell: (562) 760-4537

www.cumminswestport.com

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