isbt anand vihar

Chapter 4: Case Study

Department of Architecture, SPA, Bhopal - 10 -

CASE STUDY

Case study Chandigarh (sector 43)

Location: - This is situated at sector-43 near the judicial academy Chandigarh.

Services: - Bus Services for Intercity and Sub-Urban are plying from this location.

The services provided here is design in two directions.

a. Horizontal zoning

b. Vertical zoning.

Fig. No. 5–SITE PLAN CHANDIGARH ISBT

Pathway

Scooter parking

ROAD for

Commuters used

Building block Icbt flow

Isbt flow

Loading

Workshop Taxi parking

Car parking

Rickshaw parking

Horizontal zoning:-

1. Enquiry.

2. Clock room.

3. Fast food.

4. Shops like- telephone booth book stall, general store,

5. Waiting area

6. Offices

7. Toilet

8. Drinking water.

9. Parking for bus, car, taxi, and scooter.

10. Workshop

Architect:- Balvinder Saini

Location:- sector 43 , Chandigarh

The buses for Punjab, Himachal and J&K side are plying from ISBT-43.



In this terminal intercity and interstate is design separately. And they are placed

such that people can easily accessible from intercity to interstate. Blue line show the

Interstate bus route and green line show the intercity bus route.

Fig. No. 6–LOADING AREA

Fig. No. 7–SIGN BOARD

vertical zoning:-

1commuters facility.

2.post office.

3.dormateriesfor commuters and drivers.

4restaurent.

5.offices.

Analysis:- 1.Maximum daylight used in loading area.

2.Sitting space are also used for ventilation and light for underground parking

3.Direct vision of stairs from parking area

4.Direct stairs are not connected from loading platform.

5.Sign boards are small in size.

No sitting spaces in open and entry side of the site.

6.dome are used for capturing natural light in the building.

Sign board are placed parallel to the direction of flow

Pathway connect from road to main building



Fig. No. 8:–PATHWAY

Parking Total no. types

Idle parking 66 45 degree angle

Loading platform 28 45 degree angle

unloading platform 12 parallel

Icbt 20 parallel

Table No.1:- PARKING TYPES AND NUMBER

Fig. No.9–SITTING AREA

Light and ventilation technique are used for underground parking.



Fig. No. 10–BUSES SIGN BOARD

Table No.2:- PLATFORM INFORMATION

ROOFING TUBULAR TRUSS

ROAD

WIDTH FOR

PASSENGER

8 M

ROAD

WIDTH FOR

isbt

10 m at entrance( at center 36m)

PLATFORM

WIDTH for icbt

11M

PLATFORM

WIDTH for isbt

5 m

TRIANGULAR

NICHES (BUS

PARKS)

3.8M BY 3.8M, RIGHT ANGLED AND

INCLINED TO PLATFORM AT 45

DEGREE PROVIDED WITH concrete

STOOPERS ON ROAD.

PLATFORM

PLINTH

AT A HEIGHT OF ABOUT 0.381 M,

COLOUR

SCHEME

Exposed bricks are used.

Analysis:-

1. Natural light element should be placed such as courtyard, dome opening at the

Centre of the building.

2. Underground parking should be proper ventilation and lighting.

3. View point should be clear from restaurant and waiting area.

4. Radial planning is useful for maximum daylight and loading area. Just like

eye visibility.

5. Sitting spaces are providing like a platform for every few platform. So that

people get every facility nearby it only.



Case study Anand Vihar, Delhi

Fig. No. 11–SITE PLAN ANAND VIHAR, DELHI

There are three public transport are available in this site.

a. Metro

b. Railway station

c. Bus terminal

In bus terminal design there is separate entry and exit for bus.

Fig. No. 12 –ANAND VIHAR PLATFORM

SITE AREA: - 11.7 ACRE

SOURCE: - GOOGLE EARTH LOCATION: - 28DEGREE NORTH, 77DEGREE EAST

COMERCIAL

RESIDENTIAL

PUBLIC / SEMI

PUBLIC LAND

ROAD

RAILWAY TRACK

METRO BLUE LINE WATER BODIES

GREEN / OPEN AREA



Fig. No. 13–PLATFORM DESIGN

Fig. No.14–SITTING SPACES

Horizontally zoning facility:-

1. SECURITY CHECKING

2. ENTRY/EXIT

3. TICKET PURCHASING

4. LOADING AND UNLOADING

5. PUBLIC AMENITIES:- BOOK STALLS, TEA STALLS, TELEPHONE

BOOTH,

6. URINALS

7. CHECK POST

8. OFFICE BUILDING

Generally pathway is abutted by shrubs and trees. Here I subject a

combination of both where the typical type of trees should stop after certain

height.

Approach :-

• no direct linkage from railway station

• Buses are late due to nearby amenities.

• Boundary wall are removed or gaped.

• Lockers are provided in the parking area.

• Bus stop, pathway, cycle lane are provided near by the isbt for better

traffic movement.

• Bus stand near to the place are less in dimension.



Case study Kashmiri gate, Delhi

Fig. No. 15:- KASHMIRI GATE SITE LOCATION

Fig. No. 16– KASHMIRI GATE SITE PLAN

Ground Floor It is arrival block having 19 unloading platforms. angular bays are provided for

the unloading operation, control room, enquiry counters, tourist information counters

the space is dull and dark due to insufficient natural light there are sufficient numbers

of public amenities provided in this area. There are many eating joints but no smoke

outlets are provided.

DESIGN PRINCIPLES • Segregation of different modes of transport & activities.

• Segregation of alighting and boarding platforms.

• Segregation of incoming and outgoing passengers at two levels.

ARRIVAL BLOCK - It is 7 storied structures

SOURCE :- GOOGLE EARTH LOCATION :- 30DEGREE NORTH, 76DEGREE EAST



Fig. No. 17–CHIMNEY ARE PLACED TO CAPTURE LIGHT

DESIGN PRINCIPLES

• Segregation of different modes of transport & activities.

• Segregation of alighting and boarding platforms.

• Segregation of incoming and outgoing passengers at two levels.

ARRIVAL BLOCK - It is 7 storied structures.

CIRCULATION •An efficient circulation pattern is followed in the Isbt. There is segregation

in circulation of buses and non - Bus (other light vehicles) traffic due to the

difference in movement character.

•There is a separate entry and exit points for inter-city and Intr-state bus

services.

•There is a proper segregation for vehicular and pedestrian movement

First floor the main entrance level of the first floor links the outgoing porch to entry lounge

and facilities like post offices, enquiry and bank are provided at this level.

Second to fourth floor maintenance and administrative staff is accommodated on the second floor and the

various transport company offices and other terminal staff on the third and fourth

floors.at fourth level the roof of the corridor has been lowered down to

accommodate the service pipes fifth floor of upper levels.



Fig. No. 18:–LOUVERS

FIFTH FLOOR It is designed to accommodate the transit hotel for overnight staying passengers, but now

the complete floor is used as officers of Delhi administration for earning revenue.

SIXTH FLOOR It has been designed for residential use by full time staff and some administrative staff with

the facilities of double bed room flat and single bedroom flat. Louvers have been provided

for better living accommodation.

LINK BLOCK It is a connecting block between arrival and departure block at first floor level. This block

was designed for ticket booths for each parking berth. Now 90% of the ticket booths

provided here is not used as they have set up their counters (current booking) at departure

level. Sky light has been used to bring natural light in this area. these are both circular and

conical

THERMAL COMFORT AND DAYLIGHTING The entire building is quite cool in the summer because it is heavily louvered on all

sides which prevent the direct sunlight, preventing direct heating of the internal areas.



ISBT, Chennai:

Fig. No. 19–SITE PLAN ISBT CHENNAI

Source:-Google earth map image

- Also known as CMBT (Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminal).

- Asia’s largest bus terminal.

- 1000 buses + 1 lakh people use it per day.

Fig. No. 20:-Front elevation



- 3 bus fingers with 6 platforms and 30 bays each

- Bus fingers:

- 5.5 mtrs. Height

- Built in year 2006

- Supported by decorative umbrella columns

- Huge waiting space with about 650 seats

- Toilets and drinking water facilities:

- Segregated at 12 different location

- Easily accessible from all directions without dirturbing the circulation

- 60 bays for idle bus parking

- With maintenance shed and fuel filling station

- 45 bus slots in intra-city bus station

- With waiting arrangement

- Supported by circular columns

- Self-sufficient and enough parking for:public, inmate & staff

- The atrium:

- Shell roof

- With skylights

- Height of 20.65 mtrs.

- The main hall:

- 7 mtrs. Height

- Supported by decorative umbrella columns

- Huge waiting space with about 300 seats

- Pedestrian walkways:

- Waiting space of about 250 seats

- Supported by beautiful umbrella column

- Crew rest rooms

- Dormitories - ac and non-ac

- Shops and support services:

- Atm

- Telephone booths

- Tourism department office

- Women self help outlet

- Cloak room

- Trade centre



- Police and transport department office (helpline)

- Reservation and advance booking desk

- Other offices

- Super market

- Emergency clinic cum dispensary

- Food outlets

- Umbrella column:

- Supporting major parts of structure

- Column diametre ranging from- 450-600-1000 mm

- Column capital diameter ranging from- 3-6-9- mtrs.

- Square lining of lights surrounding capital.

- Lighting:

- Sufficient natural light for the atrium and main hall through skylights.

- Large openings in main hall.

- Complete campus have many high mast lights.

- Artificial lighting above shell make isbt stand out in the surroundings

- Landscaped areas

- Surrounding pedestrian pathways

- Landscaped courtyard

- Signages

- Circulation and directions are guided through signages

- Flooring finish:

- Polished granite

- Kota stone flooring

- Chisel dressed granite and interlocking blocks

- Walls:

- Polished granite

- Cement concrete flooring around in the periphery



ISBT, Dehradun

Fig. No.21:– ISBT, Dehradun (plan)

SOURCE:- GOOGLE EARTH

Fig. No. 22–FRONT ELEVTION

- First I.S.B.T made on both basis



- Designed for next 30 years requirement

- Built in year 2003

- 50 boarding bays

- Large waiting areas

- Booking and reservation on platform

- Steel frame roofs

- 40 ideal parking bays

- Toilets and drinking water facilities

- Separate from common circulation

- Enough according to requirement

- 40 bays for local bus parking

- Well connected with intercity/ interstate

- Self-sufficient & enough parking

- 2 wheelers 442 nos.

- 4 wheelers-taxis- 173 nos.

- Taxi pickup – 16 nos.

- Auto parking – 27 nos.

- Auto pickup-28 nos.

- Auto/taxi drop- 10 nos.

- The main building

- Steel frame pyramidical roof

- Arched façade

- Steel framed structure

- Arched façade

- Coloured corrugated sheets

- Arched openings &arched connecting pathway

- Aluminium sliding glazed doors & windows.

- Dormitories

- Both ac & non ac

- Lounge ac & non ac

- Other facilities

- Lockers

- Cloak rooms

- First aid centre

- Tourism office



- 16 ticket counters

- Atm

- Food outlet

- Ac & non ac restraunts

- Telephone booth

- General merchant shops

- Travel agent

- Cyber café

- Music stations

- Substation 100% backup

- Ro plant

- Lighted upon by high masts & street lights

- Central open space cools the building

- Fire fighting

- Water line surrounding the boundary of site

- Water line surrounding the platform edges

- Frequent hose reel points at platform & ideal parking area

- Other hydrants & sand at required areas & services

- Dado pattern kota stone ceramics

- Simple pale yellow wash on wall

- Roof of corrugated coloured sheets

- Cement concrete periphery

- Kota stone flooring

- Exposed brick work

REQUIREMENT AND LITERATURE

The requirement as stated by BDA is:

- OFFICES

- DORMITORIES

- CREW REST ROOMS

- BOTH ARRIVAL/ DEPARTURE AND EDEAL PARKING

- MAINTAINANCE SHED

- COMMERCIAL AREA

- FACILITY SHOPS AND OUTLETS

- RESTAURANTS AND CAFETERIAS

- PARKING AREAS FOR ALL CATEGORIES

- SPACES FOR SERVICES



1. Offices -

The following offices are motioned below which have direct link with bus II

Terminus activities:

I) Divisional Manager

Personal assistant/Secretary Rest room Attached toilet.

II) Depo. Office

Deputy divisional Manager

Office Superintendent

Clerks and Peon

iii) Pay Section:

Account Officer

Accountants

Pay deliveries counter

iv) Stores:

Store Keeper

Clerks

Uniform stores

Document and Stationary stores.

v) Checking Office:

Superintendent

Head Clerks

Clerks

Stores

Peon

vi) Cashier:

Safe or jori room

vii) Civil maintenance:

Assistant Engineer

Junior Engineers

Sub Engineers

Account clerk

Draftsman

Typist

Peon

2. Administrative concessions;

Announcer Enquiry counter cloak room attendant Staff room

3. Passengers facility:

Waiting hall

Cloak room

Ticket counter

Toilet for ladies and gents.



4. Workshop and Yard:

Superintendent Foreman Machine Cleaner

Along with this sufficient number of berth and working platform and circulation space

For vehicle provided.

5. Loading and Unloading docks:

A sufficient number of loading and unloading platforms should be provided to avoid

Rush and depend upon the peak hour consideration of arrival and departure of buses.

6. Concessions:

Dining Hall for Vegetarian and Non vegetarian

Restaurants

Kitchen

Store

Again planning of space is depending upon the user’s habit.

Shops - shops which are available in the adjacent to the terminus area may not be

provided in the terminus, except essential shops to meet the accidental needs of

the passengers. The following shops are given below for the need. Hosiery Toys Sweets

Drinking staff General services Newspaper and book stall Medicine store Fruit stall

Barber shop Cables cabin etc.

7. Pedestrian exists and entry:

It should be well distinguished and in proper location to avoid accidents.

8. Vehicle parking:

It is depend upon the type of vehicles avoidable and the peak hour consideration.

9. Security:

I) Sub-Inspector (if needed)

Constable

Policeman

10. Petrol Pump:

Capacity of the filling station should such that it can store enough fuel.

d) Planning Consideration of docks;

The planning of loading and unloading docks are considered as the major planning and

this is to be done in such a manner that there should be no clash between incoming and

outgoing passengers. From the survey it was found that the congestion and the clashes

occur at most of the terminus due to the non-availability of unloading dock yard which

may be a serious draw-back in the bus terminus. The traffic flow is regulated

automatically if the proper planning of dock yard is achieved and by this way it can

achieve equal distribution of passengers on the platform and avoid such at any point.

The loading and unloading docks should be located in such a way that it

can accelerate passengers from loading to unloading and vice-versa without any trouble

and without any disturbance to the drivers. So far that propose a proper means of

communication should be achieved considering all the above factors.

The orientation of the berths have a major impact on the driver and also

On passengers and this depend on the site and space available. There are four type of

berth orientation can be done according to their merit and area available.

i) Parallel loading berth



ii) Head on loading berth

iii) Straight saw tooth berth

iv) Radial saw tooth berth

As the advantage and disadvantage is already analysed on the study sheet no. B. It is found

that for better facility and circulation as well as drivers benefit the saw booth berth is

essential mostly the radial saw tooth is more desirable.

2) Lighting facility:

The lighting facility should be as far as possible natural and avoid using artificial lighting

where there is a possibility of getting natural light. The case where is un-unavoidable can

be used artificial light.

The lighting fixtures should be so chosen so as to give a pleasing effect to the space. The

intensity and level of light should be such that a person can read and write without any

trouble. For that purpose in the bus terminus different space having different intensity of

light is given below:

(3) Ventilation:

Natural ventilation is very much necessary in the bus terminus, because due to the foul

and burning smell, smoke, smoke and dust of diesel, and other things respectively may

create pollution in the terminus. Hence the ventilation is helped reducing the pollution and

give fresh air to the users. For this the orientation of the building is taken into

consideration.

4) Time table display board:

The position of the time table chart regarding departure and arrival of buses to their berth

should be properly located, so as to avoid congestion at that particular place.

Hence it should be well distinguished from a distance. It should be generally written in

three languages (local language, Hindi and English) and different chart and location

at different suitable places which will be well visible from all places in the waiting area and

from the dock yard. it is preferable to locate this near looking and inquiry so as to avoid

unnecessary enquiry about time and the bus .the size of the display should be properly

made soaps to give max. effect and is preferable . Lightening arrangements should be

properly done so that the passengers can read the matter without feeling the effect of glare

in the eye.

5) Loud Speaker:

The proper location of the loud speaker should be given so that the sound can

reach to each passengers easily and clearly and hence the intensity of sound be such that

can not disturb the passengers and that give clear sound without producing eco.

6) Drinking water facility:

It was surveyed and found bus terminus that no facility is provided for drinking water

and the facility which is available is in bad condition and horrible, Use of conterminous

water may harm to the health. Hence the planner should given priority to the drinking

water facility at the planning stage. So that authority should provide fresh and cold

water as per the need to the passengers and the fount aims should be designed

aesthetically and functional to please the passenger which also try to define the people to

use it in a wrong way.



7) Filling station:

It is also very much necessary for the bye pass buses and hence locates properly in such a

place which cannot be accessible by the public vehicle wrongly and more over due to its

inflammable nature, it should be located at a safety place away from the main building

area and necessary fire extinguishing equipment should be provided for its safe-guard.

8) Landscaping:

Landscaping is a just in the bus terminus area as it give a enjoyment and reduced unrest

of the passengers. It will give a good environment for passengers and also add the beauty

of the terminus.

9) Structure;

The structure should be sound enough and aesthetically suit to the terminus.

From the survey it was found that generally four (type) of structures are used In the

existing bus terminus at different places in our country.

i) frame structure (Bhopal)

ii) Flat roof (Indore)

iii) Cell roof structure (Bhubaneswar)

iv) Wattle structure (Ajmer gate bus terminus, Delhi)

This waffle structure is experimented by the C.B.R.I. and found successful the

advantage is that it can span more without beam. Second preference is the flat roof as

it spans more without beam and give a good effect of the ceiling. Third preference is the

cell roof as it gives a good effect. Besides this entire factor, the structure should be

sound enough and of R.C.C. construction to avoid any crack and floor the vibrating if

any.

isbt anand vihar

Documents

parking area

underground parking

parking types

platform width

loading area

platform plinth

area light

pathway parking total