朝陽土地工程私人有限公司ZHAO YANG GEOTECHNIC PTE LTDHead Office : Zhao Yang Geotechnic Pte LtdNo. 31 Mandai Estate #02-01, Innovation Place,Singapore 729933 Tel: (65) 6861 8488 Fax: (65) 6898 4160

Website : www.zhaoyang.com.sgEmail : zyg_geo@zhaoyang.com.sg

Branch Office : Zhao Yang Geotechnic Sdn BhdNo.63A, Jalan Molek 3/10, Taman Molek Johor Bahru 81100, Johor.Tel/Fax:+607 3513364

Malaysia Office : Zhao Yang Geotechnic Sdn BhdSuite 05 – 02, 5th Floor, Wisma TKS,No. 518A 3rd Mile, Jalan Ipoh ,51200 Kuala LumpurTel: +603 4040 3133

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Ground improvement Works:

• Wet Speed Mixing (WSM)• Deep Soil Mixing (DSM)• High Pressure Jet Grouting • Tube A Manchetta (TAM) grouting• GeoPier System (impact pier /

Grouted impact pier)• Vibro Stone Columns• Vibro Concrete Columns (VCC)

• Rock Fissure Grouting• Chemical / Permeation

Grouting• Cavity grouting• Secant Soil Mix Pile Wall• Bored Pile Base Grouting• Compaction grouting

Geotechnical Engineering Works:

• Bored Micro piling (Size:150-500mm dia.)• Removal Temporary / Permanent Ground

Anchor ( WL=20ton – 150ton)• Toe Pin for D-wall & Bored Pile • Soil Nailing / Rock Bolting• Bored Piling / CBP Wall • VDW Secant Pile Wall

• Design & Built For (ERSS)• Soil Investigation • Steel / Micro Pile extraction • Pre- drill & Drive Sheet Pile / Soldier Piles/Steel Plate lagging• Recharge & relief well • Slope Repair Technology (SRT)

Geopier System Fissure Rock Grouting ERSS-Exposed Grout Pile Wall

WSM Works in Progress

Temporary Removal Ground Anchor

Exposed Secant Soil Mix Pile (WSM Technique)

Grouted Impact Pier

TAM Grouting

Jet Grouting

Bored Micropile Soil Nail & Gird RC Beam

Soil Nail/Rock bolt & shotcrete Work

Double Head System (VDW)Secant Soil Mix Pile Wall Driving Steel Plate/Sheet / Soldier Pile

Bored Piling

Soil Investigation

ZHAO YANG GEOTECHNIC PTE LTD - Provides ONE-STOP SOLUTION FOR GROUND IMPROVEMENT &

GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING WORKS

ZHAO YANG GEOTECHNIC PTE LTD - Provides ONE-STOP SOLUTION FOR GROUND IMPROVEMENT &

GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING WORKS

Pre-Drilling Sheet Pile

Email : zyg_geo@zhaoyang.com.sg

Alternative Piling System using WSM technique

to install Secant Soil Mix Piles Wall.

Installation of Secant Soil Mix Piles Wall Using  

WET SPEED MIXING ( WSM ) Technique• What is WSM Technique?   WSM  Technique use combination of  jet grouting & Mechanical Mixing Blades to mix 

the soil. Proven technique  able to treat  most types of soil in singapore ranging from very Soft  

marine clay, Peaty clay, F1, F2 , silty sand, clayey sand , Coarse sand and Bukit Timah granite Soil GV & GVI until  SPT “N” value < 100N,  except rock & obstruction.

Use High Revolution ( RPM : 40 ~ 90 ) for Soil mixing Assured quality with uniform mixing and consistent  diameter ( ranging from 0.6m to 

2.6m ).  Ground Improvement Min. Shear strength (Cu) = 300Kpa to 1500Kpa Proven deepest treatment depth  48m. Environmentally  friendly. Low noise and vibration free High Productivity and use less manpower Cost effective

Sequence of InstallationSet up Guide Wall & WSM installation in Progress

Installation of I –Beam immediately upon completion of WSM

TYPE (1) WSM (WITHOUT SIDE NOZZLES JETTING) 

Ground Level

Rock Layer

Sand Layer

Marine Clay Layer

F1, F2, Bukit Timah GV,GVi layer, SPT N

value < 100

Step 1:Position the ABI rig on the WSM peg point

Step 2 :Drilling and mixing of WSM column in the ground with cement

Step 3 :Withdraw the WSM rod and mixing monitor to complete the grouting

Step 4 :Completed WSM point

Step 5 :Install I-Beam to required depth

I-Beam

Rock Layer

Step 1:Position the drill rig on the WSM peg point

Step 2 :Drilling and mixing WSM column in the ground with cement

Step 3 :Withdraw the WSM rod and mixing monitor to complete the grouting

Step 4 :Completed WSM point

Sand Layer

Marine Clay Layer

F1, F2, Bukit Timah GV,GIV

layer, SPT N value < 100N

Ground Level

Jetting

TYPE (2) WSM (WITH SIDE NOZZLES JETTING ))) 

Jetting

I-Beam

Step 5 :Install I-Beam to required depth

Jetting

Advantage of using WSM Method for ‐ERSS

Proven WSM Free Standing Wall for One Basement construction

Part One

Earth retaining structure system (ERSS )  ( One Basement Construction ) 

Before trimming Secant Soil mix Piles. ( FREE standing wall 3.5m ~ 4.0m height)

After trimming Secant Soil Mix Piles. 

Earth retaining structure system (ERSS )  ( One Basement Construction ) 

After trimming Secant Soil Mix piles

Cast‐in situ Permanent retaining wall  with  Secant Soil Mix Piles.

Earth retaining structure system (ERSS )  ( One Basement Construction ) 

Free Standing Wall using WSM technique  ( reclaim sand & marine clay layers )

Free Standing Wall using WSM technique ( reclaim sand & marine Clay layers )

Earth retaining structure system (ERSS )  ( One Basement Construction ) 

Free Standing Wall using WSM technique  ( Bukit Timah Granite GV & GVI  Soil )

Free Standing Wall using WSM technique  ( Bukit Timah Granite GV & GVI  Soil )

Advantage using WSM Method for –ERSS

• TOP DOWN BASEMENT CONSTRUCTION METHOD USING SECANT SOIL MIX PILE WALL  SYSTEM 

( PART  TWO )

Wet Speed Mixing (WSM) Technique

Guide wall for secant soil mix piles installation

Soil Mixing in Progress

Wet Speed Mixing (WSM) Technique

Installation of  H‐pile immediately after completion of wsm

Preparation of capping beam slab for top down construction

Earth retaining structure system (ERSS )  ( Two Basement Construction ) 

Secant soil mix Piles  wall before trimming

Secant soil mix piles  wall  after trimming  at basement  level one

Earth retaining structure system (ERSS )  ( Two Basement Construction ) 

Basement level one Opening at level one

Earth retaining structure system (ERSS )  ( Two Basement Construction ) 

Top down construction Basement level one slab cast

Exposed WSM ground improvement  at basement level two

Earth retaining structure system (ERSS )  ( Two Basement Construction ) 

Trimmed secant soil mix wall at basement level two

Trimmed and exposed  I ‐beam at basement level two

Earth retaining structure system (ERSS )  ( Max. excavation depth :  14 to 18m for Basement Construction ) 

Secant Soil Mix Pile Wall with multi layers strut ( DTL 1 ‐ C906 )

Conner Secant Soil Mix Piles Wall with multi layers strut  ( DTL 1 ‐ C906 )

Earth retaining structure system (ERSS )  ( Max. excavation depth : 12m for Basement Construction ) 

DTL 1 C907 ( ERSS Wall above existing MRT NSL tunnel )

DTL 1 C907 ( ERSS Wall above existing MRT NSL tunnel )

Entrance Shaft Construction Beside old Shop house

Oval Shaft Construction using Secant Soil Mix Pile Wall

• Real time Monitoring – Data Logger attached.

DATA LOGGER WSM

Drilling Depth Rotation Speed

Grout VolumeFor every meterdepth

Grout Pressure

Grout Flow rate

Grout Period (min)

Before Test After Test

SAMPLE TESTING FOR WSM

Result of coring sample testing

Report No Coring Point No Cast Date Coring Date Lab Test Date Sample NoTCR % Unconfined Comp. 

Strength, qu (kPa)Elastic Modulus,              

E (Mpa)

≥ 85 ≥ 1000 ≥ 150

1 C139 23/10/2012 4/1/2013 7/1/2013CR‐1

1005738 1017

CR‐2 4703 400CR‐3 2629 436

2 C113 24/10/2012 8/1/2013 12/1/2013CR‐1

943383 680

CR‐2 1059 608CR‐3 4439 548

3 C76 29/10/2012 10/1/2013 12/1/2013CR‐1

995520 717

CR‐2 6163 1225CR‐3 5745 1131

4 C53 1/11/2012 15/1/2013 19/1/2013CR‐1

963341 418

CR‐2 4397 605CR‐3 4472 350

5 C34 31/10/2012 17/1/2013 19/1/2013CR‐1

954458 450

CR‐2 2433 487CR‐3 3178 421

Proven Projects Track Record – Using Wet Speed Mixing

(WSM) Technique in SINGAPORE

朝陽土地工程私人有限公司ZHAO YANG GEOTECHNIC PTE LTD

PROJECT  WORK SCOPE MAIN CONTRACTOR

DTL 1 – C 902 Ground Improvement Work using WSM (TBM Launching Shaft) Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Pte Ltd

DTL 1 – C 906 Secant Soil Mix Pile Wall using WSM Sembawang E & C Pte Ltd

DTL 1 – C 907 Secant Soil Mix Pile Wall using WSM Taisei Corporation

DTL 2 – C 916 Ground Improvement Work using WSM(TBM Launching & arrival Shaft)

McConell Dowell SEA

DTL 2 – C 917 Ground Improvement Work using WSM ( TBM Launching & Arrival Shaft)

Alpine Bau GMbh

DTL 2 – C 918 Ground Improvement Work using WSM ( Cut & Cover tunnel & TBM launch & arrival Shaft)

Alpine Bau GMbh

DTL 2 – C 919 Ground Improvement Work using WSM (TBM Launching Shaft) Sembawang E & C Pte Ltd

DTL 2 – C 921 Ground Improvement Work using WSM ( Entrance Shaft ) Ssangyong E & C Pte Ltd

DTL 3 – C 927 Ground Improvement Work using WSM (TBM Launching & arrival Shaft)

CMC Ravenna

DTL 3 – C 932 Ground Improvement Work using WSM ( Escape Shaft and TBM Launching & arrival Shaft)

Sato Kogyo (S) Pte Ltd

DTL 3 – C 935 Ground Improvement Work using WSM ( Station, Entrances & TBM Launch Shaft )

Leighton-John Holland JV

MCE – C 482 Ground Improvement Work using WSM ( Cut & Cover tunnel & Pipe Piles Gap Sealing )

Ssangyong E & C Pte Ltd

MCE – C 483 Ground Improvement Work using WSM ( Pipe jacking shaft ) Samsung C & T Corporation

MCE – C 487 Ground Improvement Work using WSM ( Cut & Cover Tunnel ) Daelim Industrial Co. Ltd

PROJECT WORK SCOPE MAIN CONTRACTOR OWNER

Punggol Waterway (Part 1)

Ground Improvement works ( GIW ) -using WSM

KOH Brothers C & E HDB

Punggol East Contract 39 GIW - using WSM for Driveway Sunhuan Construction PL HDB

Punggol East Contract 40 GIW - using WSM for Driveway & Promenade

Sunhuan Construction PL HDB

Punggol East Contract 41 GIW - using WSM for Driveway Sunhuan Construction PL HDB

Kallang Whampoa Contract 20CPunggol East Contract 36

GIW - using WSM for Driveway

GIW - Using WSM for Driveway

Sembawang E & C PL

Sunhuan Construction PL

HDB

HDB

Jardin Condominium Secant Soil Mix Pile Wall using WSM Rich Construction PL Private

No. 2 & 4 East Coast Avenue

Secant Soil Mix Pile Wall using WSM Expand Construction PL Private

The Cape No. 25 Amber Road

Secant Soil Mix Pile Wall and Basement GIW - using WSM

Rich Construction PL Private

CMC No. 597 East Coast Road

Ground Improvement Work using WSM Daiya Engineering & Construction PL

Private

Lorong 33 Geylang Basement GIW - using WSM Admin Construction PL Private

Centropod at 80 Changi Road

Basement GIW - using WSM Lim Wen Heng Construction PL Private

Natura @ Hillview Secant Soil Mix Pile Wall using WSM Lim Wen Heng Construction PL Private

NUS Project Secant Soil Mix Pile using WSM Expand Construction PL Private

HDB @ Sembawang Rd N5C18

Secant Soil Mix Pile using WSM Yau Le Construction (S) Pte Ltd HDB

THANK YOU