isabel varela - desafios de la diferencia en la escuela

8/13/2019 Isabel Varela - Desafios de La Diferencia en La Escuela

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INDICE

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5.3. ES@ Q \\\\\\\\\\\..\\\\\\\\\.............. 26

5.4. @ K > \\\\\...\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\.......... 28

5.5. @ J@ ........................................................................... 28

5.5.2 C@S@ ....................................................................... 29

5.6. $O\\\..\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\....\\\............. 335.6.1 CO>> ................................................................................................ 33

5.6.2 GQ ............................................................................................34

6. _ Q @@S@ @ >@ K @ >.................... 36

6.1. A@Q @> \\\\\...........\\\\\\\\\\\\\\. 37

6.1.1. E>S@ >................................................................................ 37

6.1.2. E@@@ K S K >S@................................... 39

6.1.3. P@ @S@ K > K > >

> .............................................................................................. 41

6.2. C@S@ K > @S@ \\\\..\\\\\......\\. 436.2.1. E> B>> ............................................................................. 43

6.2.2. +C K > >@>Q...................................................................50

7. B>Q \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\................\\\\\\... 57

8. >S@ Q K @ > \........................ 60

9. O@ @P \\\\\\\\\\\\\\......\\..\\\..\.. 60

10. @ > ]^ @ >L @R @

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, $, @S@. K @ >, 11: . 5-15. 1993

CEB_, $.D. G> >. $, CE. 2003CHA'$A, E.". (C.). $ K @: @> > . +S@ > >>@ +A,

$ADD: @LS@ @> C ER>, C@ >S@ >. (CE-CE). 1986C> 20/2006, 24 @, > DS@ ES@ > CE, > >

@ K > @@@ > C@ .C> 7/2009 > CE, 8 , > > *@Q >> @CDA, B. ' @ @S@ K > @ >, @S@. - K @ >, 1: . 23-29.@1989.

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CS@ B>> ER>. G > CS@ B>> ER>, *@Q BO. CE.2005.CE*', *. > K > @R , A@@, @ CS. 1980.ES@ >: O > >@ @ @ >. $:

'@ H>>. 2002E*'E!, B. @S@ @ @R @ > > @> E G B, +@ F> F K , @- $O>. 1986.

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@> C ER>, DS@ ES@. 2001.FA$E+, !.. *@S@ K S@. $, D. 1998.FABEG, *. R , $, C>S@ >S@, $, *E*, $@ A@

*>. 1981.FABEG, *. R , > @ > K > >> @> > @>, C>S@>S@, $, *E*, $@ A@ *>. 1982.

FABEG, *. @ > K > >> @> > @>, C>S@ >S@,$, *E*. 1990F*+G, $. F K , B@ A, E> $P '@@. 1973GAD ADA, !. A@ >, 2 S@, $, CE'E. 1994G CA, $.C. @S@ > @ > @R P > @S@ O>, $, CE. 1993

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@ > @S@. @@ > @S@ > > @ Q (), 2 -S@, $, @ ES@ D@. 1987.HE+A*, !.A.; CHA`+A, E. E*'*A, $.A. $> K @@ > @ @ >


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l%&S@, E@: , A.; Q, E. (), '>Q > , $, A>@L. 1983.

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DE, ". B_C"$A, . E> @ > S@ @>, $, CE.!@ A@>Q (1994)

"G, *. '. E> > @>Q @ > > @S@ K > >: >B. (Z+ @>K @ @@ @ >: B [), C@- E> 'S@ * '@ C K D@ >. $, CE,* 1994, . 12-15. + $V. D> CO@ $>. * D@-

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> @[). '@ 6 @@@> @ C A>@ >>K H@, @ (B>). * 19-21, . 11-17. + '> B*@. * D@S@, +S@ K '>@ > CE. 1990.

, !. E@Q. E>S@ K R > @@ >. $: A>@L.2000.EHAD+, $. > > @R , B>@, CJ '@@. 1984.CEGA EE+A, . '> >, $, CE. 1983.EG !*DAD, *. $A+` ADADE, '. (.). A> @ @ K

@ >, $, CE. 2003.$A+` ADADE, '. A@S@ @ @ >@ @ . E@: A@ >>, (C.)

A@S@ @ @ S@ @@>, $. E. > ">I. 2008

$A+`E MBAA, . + K K > @ >. $:CE, >T@ K . 1999-2000.$EH, E. B. FE`D, A. . E> > @S@ > . +Q K @ @@R K @, $, CE. 1997.$A$BE*, A. +*. X* @ > @?, $, CE, C>S@ E. 1996..$ +ECA, F. !., FE_DE GAEG*, $. !. *I E. A>@

>S@. @, 18, . 8-12. 1992.E*E, *. @ @>@, CS (A@@), CEH. 1988.

GAAD, H. +@>Q K > @S@ @R @ D@. (ZI@>K @ @@ S@ >@ >@ @ D@[). FA-*@ B>@, @@@> EJ $@ @ K * >>K H@, B>@, *@,16-19 A 1993, . 10-12. + > @>P $ * GQ F@O@L. * D@S@, +S@ K '>@ > CE. 1993.

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*A, A. CHA+A, E. '> > , $, A>@L. 1993.ADA, +. !. S@ @>, $, CE-CE. 1988.> D 1513/2006, 7 , > >@ > @R@L Q@ >ES@ '.> D 1630/2006, 29 , > >@ > @R@L Q@ >@ > ES@ @@>.> D 1631/2006, 29 , > >@ > @R@L Q@ -@@ > ES@ *@ >D`GE, !.!., , !., CE+E, $.!. *A+*, C.$. E: * @O @@-@ > @ @ >. @S@, 36, 5-16. CE.2001.*_CHE, . @ K . $: C@ > ES@ '> K E>. 2002.+ED $AE*, '. A>, @O K . *>>: $>+ED $AE*, '., HE_* Ga$E, C. E> I > > @S@ >.@, 19-20, . 55-61. 1992.

A*. C@@ @@@> > >>, $, CE. 1991.A*. D@ @>P S@ >, + K @ >, $-, *@>>@. 1985.

A a'E, !. $. (.) A@ >S@ >, $, CE. 1994.

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F@S@ B>> > K (FB): III...KF@S C $@> C> III.@>.@ @> C (C): III.@..@@S@ E K D > (+EED*A): ://III../-//@>@LS@ @> C (CE): ://III.@.'O@ ES@ > CE: ://@.@./+>>: III.>>..

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SEGNDA PROPESTAEL DESAF6O DEL PENSAMIENTO

A+- &--%/('-$&) )((&$.

C--&(/, )&)/, $'$$/ $/$ $&($/

A&YA GA&A-G#&d#*ilI'Abe GI&&eJI!e

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INDICE

i>5NSSSS.......................SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS................ 67

1. $> SSSSSSSSSSSS.SSSSS................................ 69

1.1. D@5N SSSSSSSSSSSSS..................................... 69

1.2. D5N@5 >5@>SSSSSS.....SSSSSSSSSSSSSSS. 74

2. C> SS..SSSSSSS............................................................. 79

2.1. !>5 @K>5SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS..... 80

2.2. D5N@5 5>5SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS...S.SSS.. 82

2.3. D55>LSSSS...SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS.. 83

2.4. E @SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS...... 84

3. i5> SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS................................. 87

3.1. B>>> 5 @555> >5> 5 5.......................................................................... 104

B55>LSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS.SSS.................................... 106

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INTRODCCI8N

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L%) ce(eb(%), c%#% "%) c%(a/%$e), a$ d%$de )%$ ace&*ad%).

&> !B D=B: U%DM =B =DB>B DB?, B B->==>B @D @D B >: >==B DDB, >=PB, B>B, BDB >B NBB B>=B: , EP=, BDD, D=->= B> >=E> > >B >=B B >=> BD >=>. A > >B B BL> @D >B -BD= =B DB >= =B NBB.

dB =B '. BD EE> D= >D= =B>==>=B B>B @D E=D= EB R=B B>-=B D, >==>B >= BDB B =DB. e D=BB, >= >B BDB >B DND>B; D=> > >B DB B

=>> >=> @D>B DB @D B B =>B > D= B =>== D= C>= I=D


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dB >B M >B BB= >= >B EB =>B =->B, D= >B EB D= BD =DBE, B B>

=B BD=> EB =N=B> D B> = D=>D= >>B >B >B @D B = BO> =>- =>B >=.

EB, > =>, => B D= DBP= , = D= >P= BDD, B D= @D B =B BD => E> >= >B DB L@D=> = BD, = = B=> D= >==D> MB

@D B = >D= >P-B: =BB DEB BB (=..) -=BB DEB =EDB - -B P= =.

B .$.$. = =, > BO !B (2001), B= D= D> DB, ADB >= BB eDEB eBB (..=...), @D > -NBB B>=B > >=DB == =B BDBB = = ==D> DB > @D BD>= D= = E> >=D = B=> @D >== P= B DB >B B=B >= B BDBB => = >-

EBP= DB>B >=>B E> B DB => BP> =L=>B = BD>

B=> =>.e >=> $"$##$ $#"4 #4#*$ B D= >==D> >= B =>=>>B >B DB, > @D >B D= B= =BB DEB -EB =P= >B B >B BO>B. $D= B =BB = E B D= B= = B=>B B.

AB MB =>B == @D => B>= >B DB > BDB NBB >B @D -= > BL= B=>B D= > D >> BD, B=> @D B BD> >BB>=B, B, >N>B, >=PB B>B. F>B @D B == B NBB @D >=>, => @D B

> => >B =DBP= D@D D = .$> B> R, >B EB BD =DBE, DB= M !00$0 0* 0""= $* 0$#$, @D BD>= =M = D= =B N=> B DB =P= B> >B DB. '>=B @D = > =P= = >B BD=B BDB >=>B.

eBB DB => B MB @D B BR= = D= >==D>, @D B >= B =BB = D= D> DB >=>B (..=...), BD=> = >>B>B DB (=BB DEB =EDB), = B NBB BD >=>, B = D D= M @D = =P= E >B B B @D D= B D=> = EMB -

P= E >B (B P= =).

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L *+ " !0$#"= $*$"* B>= DB B >==D>. $=BB@D = D= > BD B> B>B DB = B@D B= >=B,

B BDB =BB, DB EB B M.$ BD D, N> >B >B >B =DBE>B, B>= DB >= =BB DEB BB EB D= =PB> B>>P=>=> >= BDB B B >=EB.

e > >DB B ND> B > BDB =BB B D= BE> B. A >B DB >= B>>P= =D @D

E== =>B>>B, B @D= >= =>B>>B == >= =>B>>B.

1. RECONOCER PARA ACEPTAR

1.1 DETECCI8N EN EL ALAeB = , >= B e =D, @D D BD>> =BD > BD>P=, > > B N =. A >, @D D BD>> = B BN>B EB @D => >=D= = BD BD>P= > @D BN =B>- B> BD B> B > B>B @D >B =O>B =OB >= B>>P= D= =.

A B B EB =, B = > >= >= =>BB B>B. e >B> D D=>= D= >BP= E >.

e= >=B D= B D=B EMB B DB >B - BOB : B>= B D E BD>= @D BB = D= D >= B B @D L @D -

E> BE> >=P= B =PB> @D > >=

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ITEMS PARA LA OBSERVACI0N SI NO

1. KE = *= =


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SI NO

17. KE * =


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AB D= B NBB >B B>> E>DE> >B=O>B >= B B, @D = RB >B>B == >BB B>B:

CADRO 3. CARACTER6STICAS DEL DESARROLLO DE LOS NIOS SOBREDOTADOS D* =*

- D * * **+* * .

- D * * * * .

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$> R, >B B => D>B == WGDN =P= DE >B DB D= B>>P= =DX JD= A=DN, @D >MB =>= = B =:

://.D==D.B/E>B//>==>B/b/$>-B>>e=&/BBeDEBeBB/'>=/ABCB/C>==>-

ABCB/1206451504676BDDB>>>==D.

- != *=* +


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1.2 DIAGN8STICO ORIENTADORdBDMB => =DBB DB, >B D BD>>, BR= =>, = = B= >=>. 'L @D= >=BE>=B => D. $ > B >B => > >B>, L DB D= B DB>B >>B BD L >=>. C>==DP= = > >B> => D, @D BD>= E > D= EDP= B>-P, D= B> >= > B NBB DB B>B DB > =E=P= >B>.

dB >B =B @D =>B >>= BD =DBE, EDP= B>-P B >=E = D= >>D= R P= B>> >=

B, = D= B> = @D B =B> @D EDP= B>= D= B >=>=B >PB BDDB:

1. &>=> W =B = B=B DBEB = > =B DX (*D>, 2003).

2. P0$ $$"* $"= * &0 #4# " +0 0$& #$$5"*=, > => B B. C>=B EB > D= -@D =.

3. eB , = => BP> B B B=> >>B >B $" #$

* $0 B>B, D>, >BV

5. d > DE>.

B>>P= B > => -B BP> EDP= D, B=> @D =>B =B = =P=>= BDB >B, >= BD B>B.

==> = D= B NBB BB =>B B>B @D ED-

B =>B B>>P= B>=:

EvaLuaci?n dE LaintELigEncia

g eB == W$"'*$0 =O>B (WiSc) BD = DP= +I'C-I*. $B= >B BB (=M=>B >==D = D= B > >=BD= >.

g t$ #$ +0"$ 0&0$4 $ "*0, #$ R4$. eBL =B> P==ED > B >B > >EB 4 11 O>B.

g t$ #$ #+=, #$ a$. '>= BD=B BB >= B > E=B:

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w IG-1. $ =O>B 10 12 O>B.w d-48. AB =O>B 12 O>B.w d-70. B 12 O>B.w IG-2. $D DB B >B 12 O>B = =EB DDB B >B.

g t$ %"0*$, P.M.a. a.M.P.E.-F. eER= => >B: C>=P= eB, &>=, CLD> FD E.

EvaLuaci?n dE La cREatividad

g taEc (d >, 1996). eER E EMB >DP= L.

g cREa(C>=, !N=, d>=>>, A>=B>, =, > > D=B D= BD

g Pic eB D= D ED E EMB DB> @D BD> BD =B D> D>B: >B B B ER= E- E > =E, D> E L.

g Edac (eB dP= ADB >= AB CB) ED> -EMB BDB =B E= A>, b, !>B>, A=-> $=, 2003.

g E"* #$ "0$4##: = > B BD= B @D =>=

&=D-' I@D>. $D B R >B> @D >= D @D =>B D B => => D= D E>.

CADRO 4. ESCALA DE CARACTER6STICAS DE LA CREATI!IDAD

ESCALA DE CARACTER/STICAS DE LA CREATIVIDAD

#* * * =


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EvaLuaci?n dEL REndiMiEntoeB B> = B = B >B> D, B> > B>D>=B B>=L=B D N N. $> > D >B :g $DB =E >B >B >>B = N N > D/.g &B>B =>B >=B = D= B B=DB.g CDB>=>B B> =. &= B => B !N= A>, A. CE> &>ND, Y= &.

EvaLuaci?n dE aSPEctoS Socio- PERSonaLES

g S"&0+ $ "+0". != =LB >B >=B @D >B DB = => BD D> DB.

e= B> >B DB >= B>>P= B>= B BEL = D=> => = B >=B B =LB = D, = B> = @D D >= B>>P= => >= D=>B BD>B, => >BE> BD P=. e=>B>=B, >= D= D @D BM = => = BD D, B => > P=. ' D= = >>B DB>B > =@D DD E B> @D BD>=N D= D>. A EB B

>= @D> = B >=B >= DB. A >==DP= B B= D= >.

A B C D F

4. A*, *>


79/317

79 >

%E$% $CIM%#IC

1. E


80/317

80 >

g t$ 0$"4: EMB D> B ER >B B>B LB>B B>=.dB= EDP= DB >= H$ (W>DB, ,B>=X) B = >B B>B LB>B B>=: 16 $F,B CV

g a%0+$: B>= D>>NB = B @D >> D E >=> B>B BD > B>= E. = > BDN BD= B@D


81/317

81 >

2. CONOCER PARA ACEPTAR

&> !B DB>= > ND> >= BD B B>=>B? UHD=,

ED= BDB >D=?

B >=>> D >= B>>P= =D, B DB> . eBD=> B> B > B D B E B= >.

e= =DB> N N =>=B =B B> @D =>B >.

CD@D DBP= B BDB D= >N B>= @D B> B> DD=BD > =>B>>B. '>= B B B >=B=B BD >=, BD E, BD >. >B BE= >> =, , D=> B BB >B>=, = B B>, >=B, => B= E=>BB. e= >B>=B =>B >B =PB D-E>B >B @D =>B ==B. e= B>>P= >B >=B >=B= DP= BB>== >= . U'>B>=B=B B? U'>= >B B?

L *= +


82/317

82 >

segunda

propue

sta

>

an#eelde"af&odelpen"amien#o

A EMB >=DP= P B>>P= EB >-= B> EB > BB.

2.1 ORIGEN DEL TRMINOe M BD>> D D> > GD !. + (1972) > =>B =O>B >= D= BD> > =>B O>B 40, B D B-@D ADD = "BD>DM". AB D>B >==D=> B M B= B>= D> >= =D ED> >B B >= > N B B>=B BD -P= #= eDP= ee.. = 1972 ('#e), = @D B >B /> B BB > >=B = BBD=B LB: B B B EBDB > BM=B, =B E> >>DE>, =D =, B B, D M.

e >=> B>>P= > E>D>==> >B BB B =>B.

g !>> BB.

eB > >=B =D > R= >=P= =B BD-= @D D= =O> B BD>>. == => B > B

>E =B BB. eB > = B>>P=>= D= > C.I.

g !>> B >=B B>=P= =B BD=, > = > D >B, MB B = >@D B D = =BB.' D B =


83/317

83 >

segunda

propu

esta

>

an#eelde"af&odelpen"am

ien#o

= @D =>B =B, DB B B =DB> D=> EB . 'D> >B B =>B (1978) =D B B NBB D=B D= == BD>>: -B>= =>=>.

g H > = =B B>, >= =D, >=B B-B, =B =>E>BB.w AD>B> =>, M=B BB, = >=>B

B =B LB P=.w C B>= => >-

LB BD>.

g I= D= >B BD>B >== BD =N D= > >=>, > = D= LB BD>>B B BD BE=,

P= > D>>== = D= > , > D NB.

g CE: 'R= &=D, E BL >=>:

w #=.w F.w FD.w AD B =B.w CD>B.w &B>.w '=B.w C P=.

A==> >= >>B >B > !Q=B (1988; 1994),>B EB = >=> P= >, L, B=> B=>, =-DP=, B B>=, > > > =B >>.

g e=>=> >> > BDB B>> >=P, B B,BD NB, BN = =O, B>= >B, >BP= = B>> P> M @DN DB> =>B E= = EB

>> @D =>B DB>== B =B


84/317

84 >

segunda

propue

sta

>


2.2 DIAGN8STICO DIFERENCIAL= BDP= D B =>= D= BD= @D B = D= L >= >>>= D= BD> = >B B 130, > >= BDB=B>B >B = B B UDL >B >B B D BD>>?

e >B >=>B: t*$ S!0$#"=. G=M (1997) BOB =B = B >=>B => D= = = >B >B B,B =DB B BBB. AB MB B = BD P=, > BD -= B B = D= >=N=D> E>DE> = @D B BR= B B =DB B BB- BL = B B =DB @D = >- B>>, @D = B>> E>DE> >>B =O>B @D => BL= >=B >= ==D= L DE >> =>B =>=B >= B B BB=> ED = > B B>= >=L=, B=> @D B>= BD> =, == L. B B =DB B>= >BB >=BD=B B BB=B B>B.

eB >N B> => B>>P= = EB =B @D DB>===


85/317

85 >

segunda

propu

esta

>


ien#o

2.3 DISINCRON6ASe= B B@D> B = >=> B=-

>=N DO> > B (1985, 1990) > D= "0$" B=>=P== >B 0+ B>> $*$"*, %$"4 +0.

B B B B=>=NB BD=


86/317

86 >

segunda

propue

sta

>


2.4 EL ALMNO SPERDOTADOI==, E EP= = = diMEnSi?n cognitiva D BD>>. A >==DP=, EB D= BP= B NBB >=EB B>B DB:

'# C#!$eee' A$&edICe'

g A== =B, , .

g == =DE>B =B.

g !DB= D= >=>B =DE>B, >B B->B.

g eB= >=B = >B >==>B, E=B BD .

g !== D= = = =>=P=


87/317

87 >

segunda

propu

esta

>


ien#o

g !DB= BB B B E > D=.

g $= B B NB @D B BD>== D= > BN> =D; B D=L= B D=B.

g '= B > = BD >, >-== BDD= = >> >.

g $= B=> >B B>B = DB .

g A== = B>>.

'# C#!$eee' CIeZFIC#'

g = BD P > @DM >B >B, => LB

=>B BD=B => =>=B >B =>B.g !DB= D= = =P=.

g == D =DE>B >=>B = B>DP= >B =>=B > =B= =B, B=> D=.

g dB>= D= B EB =DB.

g !=B= D>B =D.

g I=== = P=.

g >B >B B >=B.

g ' =D== P>B >= B @D => = B=> =>=>=B = >B =RB, = >DP= >B>B .

g

$= >= > BM= BDDB.g dBD= => DB>=B


88/317

88 >

g = D>B B =>NB = BDB >=EB>=B.

g

' =B= > =>B NB BD : P=, , M, >N,>B>NV

'# A&I'A'

g A>= >D=, @D>, >>P= >= = EB >BNB>B = > BD> >B>== BD .

g dBD= = = =B EB


89/317

89 >

3. INCLIR PARA ACEPTAR

3.1 BARRERAS PARA EL APRENDI#AjE " LA PARTICIPACI8N&>=>> > D BD>>, BD= B> =>B E P=.dB @D D = = =L=B =B D= B=D=> = >B DBP= D D.

> B = =>DP=, >=> B $* 0$#$ * 0""= B D= M @D == = B =BB DEB BB=> BD =DBE, ==M=>> => => B =>@D B =B=EDB, B=> > => BD>=B @D BD= = =P= BD>>= =>=>.

'R= A=B>, D=> >B B @D BD =DBE B =-P= => B>, >= BDB >NB, BDB DB

De'a&&$!!$ '$ca! De'a&&$!!$ afec(*$ + %e&'$#a!-dad

- H= *+*; = =* ** *.- ' *+= *


90/317

90 >

BDB LB >=B @D, = D= B >BLD>B @D BBB = P= B

DB.B >BB = P= B DB => BL= - D==>=B B>=B, B=>, B>>>, > DB>=B @D D= = @D E >= DD => -=P= B> > >= > DE>, -> D >=> B> @D >. *B E DLB B>= B DB =B B @D B === >B DB BD>>B:

baRRERaS dEL cEntRo

1. B = NB E L DE >> =>=B D= %"+$ 0; >> >B =>P>B =B-B @D => EB>B =EBDD B> >> >P>.

2. e >B>> => > >> > DB>, B B > D>=>=E > > > >B >DB @D >= =-

=>.3. "# $&4 B>== > >B>> >> =-

DBE> (CP= !N=, 1999:446).

4. >B >=B B E>P= B> >=B> BD >, > @D >E> E>= => B = P B>==R => > >D=> BD-= B =DEB >P.

baRRERaS dEL aLuMnado SuPERdotado

1. a 4$* %$"4: B= B>B @D B BD E >= >= BD . eB = > =B

segunda

pro

puesta

>

elde"af&odelpen"ami

en#o


91/317

91 >

= B @D D E @D B B> BD D>>=> BD = >= B =>B B =BB =DB >B DB B>>>B. eBB =BBBL= =B >= B >=> > >

@D B =B> B B> DB>B =>= -> =EB> > >>B.

e= >=>, >B B B BD=B =BB DEB:

e= P= $* "&4 #$ 0$#$:

- A>= BN>B >=E>B EMB >==>B > EB @D >=.

- d BD BD> >B =DB BD>B = D DP= -E >B.

- eB >=B >=DB >==>B B=>B.

- A D, >= =B >=DP=.

- $>D= = ==>B DDB =MB B>=.

e= P= %$"4## * 0$*"$ $0$0*$:- eB >=>B >D>=B >= B=>B D>B B>B -

L M R>->E>.- dB> B=B == D> B D> D.- *> >BE=>=B B>=B >B B> = @DM= B => = P B.

baRRERaS dE La FaMiLia dEL aLuMno SuPERdotado

1. S!0$4*0"= #$ * ""##$ #$ '. > @D B E > >BDBB = =P= B =BB BD >, >=> = >=> M DB >= B B>.

2. S!0$$+*"= #$ * ""##$ #$ '. eB> >E> D= BP= =@D => = > > D= D D D= B> B>.

segunda

pro

puesta

>

elde"af&odelpen"ami

en#o


92/317

92 >

3. R0 " $* *$+$ #$* "$0. dB= >= B B B>= B =BB BD >, => =DB> >>

>= BD, > @D => E> > >=D=> P= > B E>@D >B =B =E=P= => B= = E>B > >> B >=B-DP= B> =, P= E D, EP=, B=E D=>= =, >>P= >>P= =

>B >B, M >>B >B.2. P*$0 "4##$ #$ ;#*$ 0$$4 +$"9" = B @D D => =

@D =EB BDB B=> B D= >D> >=>B.

3. b0 $* 0! #$#$ * #4#*## = > = D> > = >>E>, = @D B >> B >=B B>B, = = DB, >=BDP= D BDB M B>= >>B >B DB D>B >B = >=> =-D D, = EMB P= B>DP= >=>B B>>->=E>B, . eB D= =>@D =E> @D B DB DB >>B.4. u #$ +$0*$ 0$"0 ##9"" @D => BL= >B EB

B NBB D. > >B =B >B ENB(EBDB, EB, B>B, DE>B, >B...).

5. M* &$= 0&"= #$ * $" * $+B @D D @D B>D= BD>=B EBB => D: > =ED, = @DO> D> = = D>, EB >, B BDBB EB = =B = D=>=N=D> =B B => = >B >>BDE>B => > = B >=B D, > >> D, > >=B >DBB B BD>B DB > =DB> D= D = >=>.

$ > => D >= >B DB BD>>B, B = =D= @D >B >E>B BDB B>=:

- >E B>> BDB B B = BD EP=, D=> B>B B BDB =BB,

segunda

pro

puesta

>

elde"af&odelpen"ami

en#o


93/317

93 >

- D= D= B>> >= DB>,- >=D >=BDP= D= BE> B>> >B >B>B

B>>B = B DB = =>,- B>> =.

e >=D=> D>=B DEB >=>=N=D> +$## #$ 0&4 "00"*0 B >>B >B DB. $ E > BB +$##0#0, B =B> = = D= >B BD=B B>B:

- > BB >>B DB>B, B=> > >B =B D= > >D=,=BP= =B=.

- B PB @D B BD >>=P= D>, > >= >P= BD=P= B >B>>, @D E= = @D B EB.

- d= E> >= = L >B>B >=E>B >B.

AD=B B >DBB @D B D= >=-L P= = DB BD>>B B =D==D-P= B >== = D= >DB >P >=: $* 0! 0 0$".

c"##$ "+$$"

A > > B >B >E>B = =DB>B DB = D= L. e= BB> B = @D =DB>B >E>B B = MB -B >, > = >B>=B = D=B >-=B, = > >==>B >=DB >= >B >=BD>B B B >BB -> D= D >= B B. ' =BB = B>B MB BL @D B =>B @D @DO>, = @D B >=B >=

DB B B = D = EE>.A=B=B @D = =DBB >=B @D =D >-E>B >=>B >= >B B =B B>> D @D >==E, E, B> >. !DB EB >B DB >= BB BD= >= B >B >E>B >B L >=E, > =B=D= > = >B LB.

c$#

$ > = B> >=E> >B DB >= B>>P= B =B> =->D >==>B >B >

elde"af&odelpen"ami

en#o


94/317

94 >

P= >B E >B, B E , D-=> D =>B >B>B

=EBP= EB >


95/317

95 >

segunda

propu

esta

>


ien#o

BB LB>B > = B P= .

> E* ++: B >=> =D => E B >=B EMB BB>=B B, >BD >> > E D> EMB D=D> =B BDB B >== >= >B >==>B. $> >, B = @D =BB = D=

E >>NB EB, @D =B = =DB >> EB B =EB >D=P= @D EB@DB >B >B >B >B D

@D BB =DB>B DB = BD B>DP=.$> >> >, B >BE> D B B, D>EBDB =>B B>, , BN=BB => B>= >B @D>B

> D>N = DB. eB> =>B E B >==>B B =BB >D=P= = B -


96/317

96 >

segunda

propue

sta

>


B, > DB, => > > => B>B E>B B>B @D B EB> =>-

= B>B DB B P= =.L 0; $0$ &*$ BD>= >>P= @D D B B B-=B D= > B @D > D= >>= D> BD > >=B BB> >B> B>DP= D= >>>= B>D>=B B.

eB >B> B B> >B DB B B @D BD>= D=> = B> BDB >>B >B>B

>B >==>B B =BB. A= = D> >B >=B = D>. BD= BD = P= B M= B BD=:

1. FB P=: BP= B EMB >B >B, =BB -=B.

2. F>, = @D B = D BD . e= >-B>=B >B =>= @D D BD= = D >= DB. eB B D=> =DB>B>E>B >=> . > >EB @D B M= DB D= => >B >B DB, => BP> @D @D =B D M B BB>=B, > BDEBP= D= >B> = B =B.

4. !== B D>B (>= D=>=B >=>B=>= >B >B>B >>).

# B BB DB = D > >B> @D B>= E = =P= DB >= B B B>= * 0$&. B D=B @D BD= > => BD>= D= = >. $=BB =D= BBP= =D = @D B N> D= > @DB >B E>B. >B > @DM B @D DB D> B E?X. e= >> B> >B >==>B

=DB B = =DB>B DB B D=B B>=D= >=B= @D B = P @D B = D= * $0$& 0"4 DB > >B>, B =DB= B = B @D:

> dB D= > EMB =-P= B B.

> eB D=> =B> DB > > D= =.

> eB =B> = P= D=B RB@D >=D= BDBB.

> C>=E= > >>B @D BD= =L=,D=> = >DBB EB >B DB.


97/317

97 >

segunda

propu

esta

>


ien#o

L $4*"=

e = EDP= B > > @D N >B DB BD>>BE>= =B=. ' B >= = L D >B >==>B =>B BD>=B >P= D= = ED> @D =>BD > D B> @D > EDP= =B= >B DB >= B B:A e*AACI[ AICA ($ =EB, FD dE>>= AD-= ABBBB B DB @D B E= =>= BDMB = E D.

eB > B EDP=, =D> O> BD>=B >B>-=B B:

) @D B D B B=DB,) D B E= >B L D= L=> E ,) >=>= D= > BD> R D,

A ED>:

1. EDP= = = = = >B DB.2. e @DM P BD D = = = = D=>B BD>B, B

@D =BO= => D=>=>.4. d >= = > @D B = =BO, > @D B =BO > @D

B ER.

AD=B BB ED>B B>= L B,>= BB; +>>, ==, = +B>=, &> C. (1983) Ab C> 'DB>=B > = e= ://=.-.D/>>N > >>B B = >:

g = B P @D


98/317

98 >

segunda

propue

sta

>


g = >>N =BO = > =BDP= @D:

> $ D= =>@D > >=>.> bDB P= >B >=>B.> &B >B =B B>B B =.> eBL B> = = >>E>, = =EBP=, = =P=

= => E >DB> P= BE.

g = >B> =BO= - = > D >B >==>B B=B LB B>== > =B B>E D= >B D > ' >== D= > > D= BDP= >E> >BDB.

> ' >= >= >B >=>B E>B D.> ' DB, B>= B =B> = D= BDD = BD >B> B>>.> &@D= =, >= D= BDP= > ' > ' >BE B >.> ' B >= ' == >B >==>B .> ' DB= D=B => ' >=B=, E= DB>== B =DEB PBB.> ' > =>D=> =DEB EB.> ' == >B: >=, B.

> ' === =>= DBB.> ' BR >, B B >B, > D= @D > D.> ' > > =>.> ' ER > >.

eB =P= B>= B =BB D BD>>, @D:

- F> B> = BD>=B B B => =EB BDDB, B EB.

- B D= =>@D => >=P= =B >==>B.

- 'D>= P= >B >=>B @D>B >L=>B D=>= => > >> B.


99/317

99 >

- C> =ED >= BDDB >>EB =.

- &@D >>=B P= E D > > >> >.

- B > =N> > DP= > > BDB >B.

- ADB =EB EP= >B DB, DB BD>= D= = > D => B B=B > >B>.

- $ E = B>DP=.

- &@D >B =EB D=>= = >B >B>B B>P>B >=>B>= =>D=P= >.- $> = >B >==>B >=DB, >B DB D= DB> D> E> =D =BB >=>B @D>B = =BDB> >.

- F> EB B B IC.

$ >= = > =EBP= B= D= > D= =DE> =>@D >B >==>B D=B LB.$> WU$> @DM =EB B B>=B?X, B D= D= @D BE DB >==>B E>B LB B: =B B>B, =B =DB, DP=

NB, =D > B >==B BB D, BNB, EB LB, D >=D > >B L>B BDB, B>= = =DBB DB, @D =>>B> B D= @D= D= =DE> > >B DB >= B>>P= =-D.

= E > = =DB>B DB >B D=B D=- >B> =.

= E DP= =>B >B D>B > B >B> =EBP=, ==> = D= =B D>=>B DB>= B B. BD >B> L= >= BDB BD>B D= D>EDP= B ED>B.

segunda

pro

puesta

>

elde"af&odelpen"ami

en#o


100/317

100 >

4. ADAPTAR PARA ACEPTAR

L +$## $500#0 B>= BD= B> B =B >B=> D. #B > DLB BB = =E==B @D =B =.$ D= = B B=>, = D= B =E==B, B BD DP=.

B >DBB @D =>B D= DB BDB DE B DB >BDB BD>>B B>= P= >> B> >>, D- , B >=B DDB =@D, >B


101/317

101 >

$ BD =B:

> U! D D BDB?

> UeBL > =E >= EE >B B @D BD>= D= B?

> UeBL= @D>B >B >E>B @D B = >B B U= DB> BD> D=B NBB DB EE =>>P= D= D >= BB NBB?

E* &0+$ %*$5!*$

' BN = B>B B = >B @D D D EBB =B B> BDB >B > >= >>B DB >=>B @D >.

$ BD=E==B.

$ BD =B:

> UeB >=E== @D D B D D?

> UeB D= =R D> DB = = BD D>-B?

a#"$ "00"*0$ #$ +*"= $0/$"+$

B>= =BO= >=BB = DB > D >= B> BDB >B B B BN =P= DE @D =B= => D-NDD< BDB =BB. eB R=B > >P=.

e >B>> DNDD< BD EB =@D>B @D BB-

= B =BB B D. P= DD =ED B D=>


102/317

102 >

e= >B> P= DD, => B > >B >-=>, B=> @D =B @D D >BE B> >= =E D>B BDB >BB P= =ED D=>B >=B @D MB B L=, = >D= =BP=, >B >==>B DNDD BM=B D>=B BNB =>D=> =DE>B >==>B = BDB >B=BB DB. d >:

S A =@D >B >E>B >==>B.

S ADP= >B >B EDP= = P= >= >B =DE>B >E>B >-DB>B.

S >>N BN @D >=E= D, ==> = D= B> = D >=> B>.

P= DD, => B B B=E > B B = > D= P= B> DNDD = d>D I=ED AP= CD-D >B BD=B B>B:

1. S()ac# e'c$!a&

S E ** *=.

J E** *.

J A


103/317

103 >

eB = @D = B >=B @D BOB B =E>D= >>B >B @D BM=>=>B, D= = >B> DE> D > D>B

>B>B, D, B, B==B B...). ABN =B > =>, BB M>.

$ BD=E==B:

$ BD =B:

g UC>=>> =E >> B NBB BDP= = D= = = >= D= >>-N = D= = EB B B>B DDB =@D DND> D= >>=BB BB BD=B:

> 'DBDP= > , B >=BB = BDB-D EB = =B @D >B DB B -B = >=BD> > >B @D >D== >=D >,B >=B > => =LBB >=B >= >>B B >-=>.

> > EMB B. eB >P= DB> >>NB =EB-P= >>B, B =>B B >N= B: EB >>, =>B >=>B >, P= , >P= DNB DNBB, =EBP= B> B> D> >B DDB, P= B V

> $P= = EB DDB > >=DB>B > >=B = D=-EB.

> B> B IC.

> A >B B>> B B >=EB, -

EB /> B>>->=B. $> B >=>>B, =>B >B FDB=, HE, d b>=>, > 'D.

Ventajas I#c$#*e#e#(e'

J $ *=


104/317

104 >

AD=@D >B E, =>B > =-B= =D @DN D=B EB M=B @D =>B = > D= BD>

B DB >= B>>P=:> e >> B D= M= LB @D >=BB = P= D= >

= >. eB = @D >B DB B> EBB >B, >= @DB ==, B BD=. B > = > D= BO>, D= > '>>= B D= M= @D >B DB >D. e => B B =>B >-=> *= @D E== B D= D=> > >, D>B, >B,>>B.

> =P= B>B > B B = D=D=>B.

> &B>DP= E >=>B.

> DE B.

> dAF# > =LBB B, B >>D=B D= BD-P= > >>.

= >D @D =>B D D BB


105/317

105 >

REAS DONDE PRESENTA N DESARROLLO POR ENCIMA DE LA MEDIA

ESTILO DE APRENDI#AjE DEL ALMNO1. A=P=

2. eBB B>E B

#=> ** * *@-.

L =


106/317

106 >

3. AD D= P= B:

OTRAS MEDIDAS COMPLEMENTARIAS A LA EDCACI8N REGLADAg $> 99/00 B E= B-

>=> = D=B CCAA (> B B> C>-B >E>B B>=: B> =B E>, >= P>, E> B>P= = DB >= DB >>P= = DB >B B DB DP=


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107 >

"#!

b&ede$Fe'#&:.......

......................................................................................................................................................................

"#!

b&edeA)!"#:................................................................................................................................................................................

C)&

'#:.........................

AK#ACAdJ!IC#:...............................................

.......................(&I!e'(&e.

DEPARTAMENTODEORIENTACI7N

OBJETIVOSAAMPLIAR

CONTENIDOS

AMPLIADOS

CRITERIOSDEEVALUACI0N

METODOLOG/A:

MATE

RIALES:

COMPETENCIAS:

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108 >

i li!G$ FU

CE$EDA, Am"A$! + %A%&$E, %iliA. l @5N. %L@5, m>5 1998.

Al!%!, J'A A&!i! + BEi&!, +!lADA. %@: 5 %->5. >, m>5. 1996.

Al!%!, J'A A.; $E'lli, J!%E"h + BEi&! mA&E, +!lADA. m 5@>5 -@5N: > . E!%, %>5 F@ M,m>5.2001.

A"$Ai DE El!$A E. + C!l. l 5N @ 55 @> , 5@>5. 1994.

BEi&! mA&E, +!lADA (C!!$DiAD!$A) + CABEA%, J'A A&!i!. ">@5 5M@. A>O, %. 1990.

BEi&! mA&E, +!lADA. D>> 5N 5M @. A>O, 2P. ., C-5N C55 E5N, 23; %.1996.

BEi&! mA&E, +!lADA + m!$!, J. ">@ 5@555N @ -@. m55@>5 E5N C@>, m>5. 1997.

BEi&! mA&E, +!lADA. RE5@ @? ">5, 2P E., B>. 1999.

BEi&! mA&E, +!lADA (C!!$D.). i@>5N 5@55N O, C5N CC E5N, 32, 2P E., %. 2000.

BE$Ch C$', JAiE$. l @5N 5@5: 5@ >5. i%E". B>. 1999.

BlAC! AllE, mP DEl CA$mE. GL 5@555N 55@ @.Ci%% ">5, B>. 2001.

CAH! %TChE, mA*imiA! DEl; EliCE% %imV, J'A A&!i! + "AlA'El! mA$&UE, mPmA$CElA. A @: = @5. J@ C@5 lN, C>L E-5N C@>, 5. 2003.

ClADEllA% "$!%, E$iC. RE 5 @? C, B>. 2003.

C!$iA& AA$V, $. l 5M @. E= 5. h>, B>. 1990

DE'%&%Ch %mi&h, DEB!$Ah. A @ @@ . B "5@5 h, 4P E., m>5.2003.

D!mUG'E, "ilA$ (C!!$D.). m> >@5N: 5@>5N >. C5 m>5,

D5>5N G> ">5N E@5, m>5. 2003.Elli%, J'liE l. + illi%k+, J!h (.). 5M, > @5N: L 5>555N@5 >. >, m>5. 1999.

F$EEmA, J!A. l 5M @. A. 1998.

GA$CUA GA'A, J!% mA$UA; ABA'$$EA lE! iC&!$iA + i$iA$&E A$AA, G'illE$m! . A- >@5N 5@@, @ 5@5 > >>, D@@ E5N C@>, " > 5@555N @.

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109 >

F5N J m>, m>5. 1990.

GVmE CA%&$!, J!% l'i% . m5 5 >@: , R> =K? : l > 5@ @5 5@ >>. E!%, C5N E5N 55:GL , m>5. 2000.

G!TlE GVmE, mA$UA CA$l!&A + G!TlE GVmE, J'A "ABl!. #K, N > 5@555N @ @@ > >: 5@555N @> 5@ 5@>5 5> @ >. 1997.

G!TlE GVmE, mA$UA CA$l!&A + G!TlE GVmE, J'A "ABl!. E 5M @:>5@5 >. Cim%, B>. 1997.

JimE FE$TDE, CA$mE + TlA$E G!TlE, BEA&$i. D5N@5 5N 5, m55@>5 E5N, C@> D@, 'ED, 5 C@N5 ">O, F 5@>5, l5. 1997.

"$E %TChE, l'i% (E& Al.). E> 5 5@5@: @5N, 55 . CC%,m>5.2000.

"$E %TChE, l' F. + D!mUG'E $!D$UG'E, "ilA$ + DUA FE$TDE, !lGA (1998).E >> . m55@>5 E5N C@>, C@> "55, m>5.

"$E %TChE, l' F. + D!mUG'E $!D$UG'E, "ilA$. %@5N 5: >-@>L@5 5 C5 m>5. C5 m>5, D5>5N G> ">5N E@5, m>5. 2000.

"!mA$ &!J!, CA$mE mA$UA. l @55N @ @@ >. '5>5- %@5 C55 "55N i@>5 C5@L5, i@5@@ C55 E5N 11. %@5 C D@ i55 A>5> 5=55@. C5 m>5, m>5. 2002.

%i"T C!m"AHE, A. $, >-.1999.

$EGADE$A lV"E, AG'%&U. RE 5 5 @ 5@5@? "> >. E5-5 ">, m>5. 1999.

$EGADE$A lV"E, AG'%&U. i@555N @>@5@ @ 5>: ">5>5 E%!. B>5 5@>5, 5.2000.

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$EGADE$A lV"E, AG'%&U. C> @>5@ 5@5 >@5. 3Q > -5N ">5>5 (8 M). B>5 5@>5, 5. 2002.

$EGADE$A lV"E, AG'%&U. C> @>5@ 5@5 >@5. 6Q (">5>5). B>55@>5, 5. 2003.

$!GAD! hE$TDE, mA$UA i%ABEl + A"$Ai DE El!$A, JAiE$ (C!!$D%.) l 5N @ 55 C@> "55 G5> , 5@>5-G@5. 1996.

%TChE, E. %@ @@. E5@>5 CC%, m>5.2002.

%ChEA, iCki l. AD %Akl!F%kE, D!AlD h. h @>5@5 -. k> A5/", . 1999.

&!'$V, JAiE$; "E$Al&A, FEli%A + $E"T$A, ChA$!. l @5N 5@@: ,5@555N @>@5 @5. E'%A, "5. 1998.

110 >

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!ERCERA PROP"E!AEL DEAFO COGNI!I#O

A+,-. '.-

(*'&/&'*(&( *-)+)'&+

)- +& )-)&-& .(*-&*&

e'ea Fe'#W#de $'$d$a#$#i$ #ie+a a'X#e

#DA> A J>L BO C>>A> C>AIO= A, >A > D DA= >A>=.

111 >


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INDICE

I>?........................................... 119

2.2 E@?K == @.................................................................... 127

2.5 = ?


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IN!ROD"CCI8N

115 >

AL"MNO CON DICAPACIDAD IN!ELEC!"ALEN LA ENE7AN%A ORDINARIA30/)&

E' !a ! 'a !"%c%!c%a +!!a, c* *a 0 c0!4a 3 a%ca'%a, 'a +*'%ca

!! !' %#0a'%a%* %a!+!c7"%c* ! $0a*, 'a *c%!a a!aa ! c%!%* ! !"%-

cac%a (! 0* +*c*, +*0! ab% $ab7a 0! !c% 0! !2%! 0c$a "*a !

!"%cac%a) 3 'a !"!a ! 'a %"!!c%ac% 3 'a %%%0a'%a !! !! $0a*=. V%-

c!! P!'!c$a* Ba!a; P'*#* a H%*%a ! 'a !"%c%!c%a ! A*%* L!* A#0a*

D7a4; Ec0!'a L%b!, E%*%a' F0ac% Oc! 1995.

e DM K = A , A>>A D>A @D = > E =A =A D D> > A =N> >= = DE >A =D, A> E= @D A>>A KA, = >M ALD = =A D@DA @D = =AL >A >=>A D= > =O= > D= >A=A>.

e =A> @D A> AA >A > D >= =-D (d.i. = =) > > @D ==> A, A> AK E=> @D

A A > @D @DM D@DA D >= ==A =D> D =N=I >A=A.

D A >DA > D >= d.i. E=> = > D = M > A = , =-=> >> A>DA=> @D D@D= @D A== > >==> =D> =D A>A D= A> K. H> M, = , EA AD== A>=@D == = A=I DA> D=- A=, A>E>> @D > >> >= A A

A>O= = >A @D = @D=> D DA>. e> D= A; > @D => > => @D > A-DA> =A> A A AD A >, L= >O= >A>>= =N=I.

H @D A>=>A @D E=I> = A> = @D =D=A D= A>>A =D D, >= =A> A >> D D= A A>A A=IE >>M D = =A>DE> =N> = >=A>.

A> AIA A D>=A >A =DA A @DA=> = D>A = D= =>A =D-

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116 >

AI >= > @D >= > >= > @D > @D D >=A = A> > @D A.

e> > @D A= = K=: @D >= D= =AD P @D D A>=A >A > @D =A= > > @D O>, DE>, O>, >A=IE>T #DA A=I @D A-O= D =A A, A AA=> @D , =DAI D>A, > @D =A = D= >AA. =A @D> @D => > > D >=DA >>.#> DAM DA @D = >A=, > = > AD=O= > E-DO=, => >A IO= >A >> @D> @D => K >=D=> >= DD, >A >> > @D AM A > => D >A =A => D= D . &D => @D D D >= >-AM= A >A> P U DA >> A =ED >V.

A > N> A= @D E D A =DA AI @D D-O= D= A @D>, =AO= AO=. d >> AE= D>=. &DIK D= D=> >> D, =A>, A> = =A , >A>>, >= D >= =D (> >A> >, > AA ) DO= I @D @D E > >A>A=, =A >> >A>>= @D A= >= D= =N> = A=DA> D >A = D=> > DA> >A.

#> DAM =A ADD> A= = =, =D> D=> >=, P=> D A>>A D>A A D= , => O> = >>M E>DE >D = > @D >A DO= L D> =NA = =M> >O> =N=I @D A>=, >>M, M=A>> = D >> =>> > > A>=> >= L= ALD ADO=. aAA=IO= > ADA> DE> DO= A EDO= A>A >=>=> A DA>A => A >> A>>A> >== > P, >= >A= = D > = D FD F>A>A>@DA =A > A > D AD> D, =A > @D =>=AAK= >,A > DA> >= D, D=> > >= =D.

a@DM @DA @D =D=A D= EO= A>= @D =A= A@D D AEA AD== >= @D E =>=AA, D @DD AA, A> >= > @D >=A, >= @D=AK @D >A=IO= M= >O @D =AK @D >AA A AA>A D A> >>M = >=>== >= = @D

E= D D.= @D > >=> A= @D => A>>A>=>

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117 >

A => DA >=A = AK UA>A, AA N> 1986. FD D= A ==>E>A, = @D D >

=DA DO= =DA> >=> A D A=> E>D->=>, > =DO= >A > @D> A>>A.

*= @D = @D =AO= > =D-O= = >A=A> =N> =N >= , = D, AA> =D .

! =D => P=, = , A> M @D AP= > D=A >A K> @D A A=>, >>E> >A=IO= A> D >= P= > , -OA, =>A > A>=.

e > @D => => =>@D @D E A >>> = @D @DM =D=A. ! AM A= @D E AAA>=> AA > AD== > D >= =D A> ( => A=>) A A >> > @D = DM >= A>>=, D A A> >, D = ALA=A.

H D> >A O =A DM >A: A AK>. A> =DA ==O= @D >=-O= => ADI @D EAA A> >> > N> A> A>>= = >=, => A> > = EAA-> @D> > A => =DA >A = > D A D A >=EAA = >A= =>O= @D E =>=AA >==DO=, DA > =O= AD-. a = >= AA @D >> =DA>AD. d >A A=D = =A>, >=E==, @D > =DA>. #DA>O= A A = =DE> > >V => @D> @D,>= >A A>=, >=AD M = @D-

A > @D >=A > E.

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118 >

1. DERECHO DE LO AL"MNO CON DICAPACIDAD A LAED"CACI8N EN EL EN!ORNO MENO RE!RIC!I#O

! =O= A>= >= =A> A>= >= - =D > A D= E>DO= >=A. #> A A= ANA O, > A> >A, A> @D = A> A>= >= > AA, DO= > = A > > > a=>=> ! aD> A$%%ca, 'a a#%ac%. P* *a +a!, $a3 +*#!*, ! !"!c*, +!* ab% #a! c*a%cc%*!.

Ta'! c*a%cc%*!, 0! ab% * 0a c*a! $%%ca, c*%03! 0a a%"!ac% ! 'a

!% !! 'a c*c!+c%*! 3 aa%!* ! 0! * *b&!* 'a !"%c%!c%a, 0! *c%'a !! *

+*'*, a '* 0! La7 Ea'#* (1961) a'0! ! !' 70'* ! 0 *ba, E"!!a 3 +!ca*, !*!

"7%c* 3 !*! *a', '* * !2!* !' ca%* !c*%* +* 'a +%c*+a*'*#7a:

- E' !"*0! * ac%0 +a%a, ! !' 0! ! !aca 'a a%c% !**'#%ca, 0! c*%!a 'a!"%c%!c%a "0* ! ca0a a&!a a' $*b!, +.!., !' +!ca*, ca%#* ! '* %*!, !' !*%*,

!c., 3, +* a*, %0ac% %c**'aa ! %*%"%cab'!, '* c0a' ! a0c! ! !c$a4*, !#!#ac%,!c.

- E' !"*0! * ac%0 ac%a, ! !' 0! !ca&a 'a a%c% a0a'%a, 0! ab*a 'a !"%c%!c%a

c** !"!!a, "0* ! ca0a a0a'! 3/* b%*'#%ca 3/* ab%!a'!, 3, +* a*, %0a-

c% *%"%cab'!, '* c0a' ! a0c! ! +!!c%, aa%!*, %!#ac%, !c=.

e > >=>> > A=, M > =>A=, = > => A @D > D =D>= M= . AD>, DA>= >> >, A>>A>=A>= > AD- @D A IA A>AA>.

H > D= D @D AEE> = =A> > . FAD> E A>D = DO=, DA>= DA=> ==> A . = D= A=>=> =D>=I>A, D= E> = =A > DO= @D =M= > =N> >= . a AA >=->= =, DA>= => @DN> > = D>=IO= DL, A> @D A>=>= =.

a. !. aD>, =A >AA =, - A A>> UAE>DO= D =A A@DM, E=DO= D =>= =M > @D = > DA D DO=.

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119 >

e= AE>DO=, > L => A E= AE> A = @D = L> D= E E>A A

A>= >= . a > >=ADO A>=> =A > A>D E.

a ! 'a +%*%a 0! ! c*c!! a 'a +!!c% ! 'a !"%c%!c%a 3 a 'a c!ac% ! c!* !

a!c% a !"%c%!!.

E' ca+* ! 'a !"%c%!c%a ! b!!"%c%a ! '* +'a!a%!* 3 !"*0! *%a! ! 'a c%!c%a

! 'a a'0, '* c*0%a%* 3 '* b%*-+%c*-*c%a'!. D! ** 'a*, '* aac! ! 'a c%!c%a b%*%ca

! a0c! ! !&*a c*%!ab'! ! 'a c*+!% ! %!%"%cac% ! ca0a b%*'#%ca ! 'a !-

"%c%!c%a=.e N> 70 A>D> D= E =>A =>AM @D A>E=M= A= =M> @D D=> = >=O= =. e E >AO:

1) *= >=O= = > A>A=> AA>> =.

2) *= =DE AE @D A A= > A>> A=I D A= @D =>=A= > D A D A>A>.

3) e AA>> > EDO= =A> = > A>> A=I = D =A A DAA > A> A>>.4) ! = D= A =P A>>A A>>= A>.

! =O= A=> =>AAO = L > == > M ==E>, =A A =L B=-=, D> >A D> #A >A>A> A>A >A >=AA.

> >AA DO = 1972 A A A=>. C> >=-D= D =AIO= A>D> = DE> D= A>AE E>DO= = A>A A= @D A>>=M= =AO=.

*=> > > @D = D= = D= DL = DO= D =-

>A 1978 => M = >=>A A= >A DO= (1974-78) @D > .e >D D >A> A A>EA =AO= = i=AA >=DOD= D=> AA= = >=O= OA AK >A DO= M.

e i=>A >==M A>D A =AO= >A > A->= >= , > D=:

- #=P= =N> D A >=A> > =D.

- ! DO= D= = @D >> == A>.

- !> = DO= >= > >.- ! eDO= e >=AK = O= = DE

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120 >

D= =N> >= >> AA >A> > =.

- ! = DE >= >> > =N>.

- => AK= > AD> D, > = @D A= DO= -, > => = @D A= , D= >==D> AO= @D E D A, O= A A> I> DAAMDDA=A>.

- ! A>= DE , >=@DA @D A=, =AK= D=AKA >= > D => A=E> > A>.

>A P, = =>AO= >= D D-

DO= >A LA D A=I.e =>A DE> EAD >=ED>=A > @D=O= = DO= >A LA # eDE e (=...).

e=A D A>D = DK >= >=>= E >= >= = DE > .e A=> =>A, D A A> A>= >= A>A D= A D>>=> M D =AM @D =DA = AA>> D AAAM A

AIA D=> A=I A , >= > @D AAM= D A= >A D D>=>= =A> >.

#>A = >=EAA = "=>A


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121 >

2. CARAC!ERI%ACI8N DE LA DICAPACIDAD IN!ELEC!"AL

2.1 CARAC!ER!ICA GENERALE DE LA DICAPACIDAD IN!ELEC!"AL.A) E*" A> >A A > A>=>= =D > EA=> DIK=> = > A= E>DO= A>=>= =D D> DK A= D > A>. D W= +AD> = D A> Ud =D. a-O= > A>AV D PE>= >A =D>= E DA = A>.

e= 1992 a>O= aA d i=D (aaidd) A>D>

D= =O= AA> D= A= @D=>= >=O= AA> O> > AAM > =ED> @D = = D= >=O= = =AO= A>= >= >=->. =A @D, A>= =D >D= =O= A>=, >= =O= >=A > D=> D=>= A>=.

!> E= A => = =EO= > = AK A DO= A>= >= =D >=DA>= aaidd, =2002, >AO= D= =DE A>D @D D DDA O= ->AM >=D E =E Ci >A D= > AA> =-

= (GA== 2006).! A=O= A @D EDO= M A = @D D= =AA = > >AA. A>>=M D=U> > >> AA >=D > E=> =D, AK >.

! =DE =O= =D A aaidd = 2002 -O = > D= LA: d =D D= A-AI >A = =E = D=>= =ED = >=D

E > = AK, > >=D.e > 18 N>. (!D>= >., 2002)

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122 >

e =>@D =D >> A>= ==> = D= =>

=: i H =D, ii C>=D E, iii AO=, =A->= A> >, i+ D + C>=>. e >=D=> => =A > A= A>= = E AA > >>@D A= =ED. C D= =A = > -D= D=>:

D+$1


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123 >

! AO= EP >A >AEO= A =A>= =-ED> = D = E A @D AI. e D=>=-

E> D=> D> K EDA> >= D A> > AA= D= >=D=> E E>A > =>A M> D= AAA > A>=, >A, >A,>, >>, AD > >A> >.

D+$1==AA>= = D A>= EE= AO @D D= >= A =E A=: A>> =; >A=I>= @D A>>A->== AE> DE> > O= >> >A P A> A>= =A DDA >.

!> => >A>=A >>AD= >=, =A> AA= : D, DA, >-, DA ==A, E ME >>, E AA-E, =E, A> =A=, .

! EDO= >=> => D A >= @D D=>== =A> D> M=> =A A D= >=- A>= A>EO= > >> =EDI> @D >= =A>.

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124 >

w F3"$1 #$* 0"$1 #$ $4*3"> EDO= A > D=> DA = =ED> = D= => =:

1. =D,2. >=D E,3. AO=, =AO= A> >,4. D,5. >=>.

! = A> A = A =A > >> @D A= D=>= =ED A>=.

) P!"%' ! N!c!%a! ! A+*3*.

i= > >> =A>, == > >> A>= A>->A>=A> = D= =DE KA >>:

1. AA>> D,2. =N=I DO=,3. E = >A,4. E = >=DD,8. > ,9. A>O= =.

! A>D 2002 = @D > >> >= ADA> A @D A== A>-EA AA>>, DO=, =A =A A>= D= A>= @D A=D D=>= =ED.

w P03$12 #$ $4*3" EDO= =O= > >> A>D> >A aaidd >= DA> A:

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125 >

1.- i=O= KA > =A =DE .

2.- i=O= E >> AE= A D= KA DA> >= > =A AA= A>= >= A> AA= ==> = D= > A> A>= >=>.

3.- +>AO= =E == = >>, AD=, DAO= > >>.

4.- e>AO= = i=EDI> a>> = @D = A>A > =A A>= = >=A>, D AA=, KA >> A@DA, >=> E = > @D >AK AA, D=>= M >>, A>=A>= > >>, AD> A>= = >=A> > AD>.

e =>@D D > >> D>= =>A>AO= D= AE =O=

C=A = A>= (C) @D D A>O= D >A >=A> D E, D>A= A >AA D= A A== > >=, A>= AE> =E>A = AA EA AA>> > >> = M= =>@D A>-D> >A aaidd, D K E> >A =E>= >AA>= D= EO= A>= >= = =D.

> A>= >= =D @D D= >= > >> D> D> D = >AK EA > D= E = =>A=D=, =-

A = >> D= >E> A= A AA>A D= A >>.A A >> > >> AA -= = >=D E. A >D>=A A>O Ue i i== a>>V. e A >>= AK AD=, A> >> > >>, D= = A >=: e # a>>. e DO= d= # a>> L C>=DD e>=.

a AEL D >AA>==, >> @D D= A>=

= = 57 E D E. ! 13 = >> >=DD >= @D, , >= > . !> AD> @D >A= >=, >A D= >, D= D=DO= =A =- >> , >A >A>, D= A = >> >A KA.

e E>A A= D =>@D >O> @D A>>= =A = A>= > , >= > D = AO= >= D= A -E E A = > => =>A=>. a AA =>A=> D =A, E>=, >, =, >A> >, > = >>M =O= C=A = A>=, > D -AA>A D= = >> =EDI> >= A=M O=.

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126 >

B) R& +9 "+$ #$ * $0 " #""## $*$"*.

- C >=E >A A=.

- d= @DO= D> =D.- !A @D D A-

>DO= A>=.- dD A AA A > M AE=.- e= =A, A>, >=AMA, =A, =.! A= A > A >=D=> AAM A>E>= AD -

>= >> @D = A>= > A>= >.

2.2 E#OL"CI8N $ DEARROLLO DE LA PERONA CON DICAPACIDADIN!ELEC!"AL.! AA>> E>DO= A>= >= d.i. > >> D= AAI = >A=> > >AM, D> >AM= D= =>=AA = > >=>= >=AD: >AM AA>> i=A, >AM > M> !DA.

1. ! >AM AA>> (i=A, 1943) M @D A>= >= d. i. = >A >=E> @D > D> U=>AA M> (!DA, 1961) >=M @D A>= >= di=D AAI= >A D=> > M> = > A>> @D = > >=D= D= A> = =>A= GAM (1994) A E>DE> = D AA>> >-=E> = @D> > = > @D => >AK= @D = D=> > D> >A= >AK=>.

! A>= >= d i=D > E>-DO= = KA AA>>, ==> A > >>M, AO= E>DO= L, D => >A> M=A>> A>> D> = D > -I>.

d =DA> D=> E, > D >= =D A== A>> , D E= => = > , D=@D = > A>> = D >=D=> D A A>.

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2.3 REPERC"IONE EN LA DI!IN!A REA MAD"RA!I#Aa) aA >>A

e M A D= AO= P=> AA>> >>A, A> M > AD=> A> A=>A:

- '> =KAI >A, =>>A=O= >A = AI.

- *= A = AAI >A D= =D >>A=O= >=A> .

- !> E A= AAI= >A >>=M >>A=O=.

! d i=D A E, >= D= AA>= AD >A @D A = AA>= =DA>O.

D=A> ==A>@D > @D AI= D=A. @DA> , D=> >=D= O=, > = >= D= >>A=O= @D A> AA.

B) WA >=E

!> D >= d. i. AAI= >A = = D=>= >=E>:

- A== A>AADA A>> A=I =A A DO= = DO=.

- == A> > A>> >=A> >=E>.

- == A> >=D= >> >, E= =A D A> A=I.

FDA= D = >A=E> = A= A> =>AA A:

- AO= >AA> DA. (D A


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>A P = L=A, >@D= >A >AA >DO= > A> A= @D =.

C) WA =QM >= di A== D =D @D E >A >A A>:

".1) D$00** %" 7 %*


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2.4 IMPLICACIONE E IN!ER#ENCI8N ED"CA!I#Ae A> >= D= =N> >= =D = @D A = D= D> >-=> D A>=: D AKA, D @DA=> = @D =EDE.

e A>> >=> => => A@DA . CD=> = D =AL >A AO= =>A=>, A D=> @D A>, = @D A >== @D D > D @D A =AAA.

!> >D: = =O=, A>=>, > A=A, ==>, D-AA, > > A @D >= T A> D =D E DIA => O> > D>DA, >A, E => >O=.

e @DM >= == A =AA> > >A D A>>A. #> = >== A>=> > @D , >> > @D @DA= > @DE=. !> = D = D DA>, >= E , D>, @D P D A>>A, @D= D >=A = A AA D =, AI>= >= @D E= >=AD=> => >A > @D

, > @D == , = =E >A D A> =.! A= >= ADO= A == >E > =E= >= EK A AA > > A> E>DO= A>=O> = D=> AD @DA > D> >= > @D = AO=.

>A > => D>A D >= @D P = D D, E@D AD A=M AN> @D >= = D A D>A E= A A-DO= D A>A>.

e AE, @D >=A @D A> A>=A D= DO=@D = >= A >=A = D> >=E== @D D>= =... D@D= = D >A=A: > A>=D @D, => > E =A, DA= >= AD=.

! =D A>E> @D, = =, > D ( =A - KA > D= > => = AA D =, D D, > @D >=D =D=D. A >AA >=D >=E== AIA D= =K D=>=A EADA @DL @DA A =N>

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- F0ac%:D=> D= A>= => >=D > @D @DA.

- Ma'!a "7%c*: D=> =D=A= = =AAA D M=>- D>=A A > A =- > >A > @D => D>== ==P= E= > A>. > A>= @D > => D= = @D =A==V.D @D =>A @D => A>>= A> >A@D => >= >A@D => O A>.

- N!c!%a ! a!c%: A => AAA=> D >A A = A>A> => =AD= > @DA A> >A A P= =N> D=

=A D >A= = D= AD== > L.- E%ac% D= DO= >= =L,

D=> =N> D= >AA >= ==A > @D > M. e D=DO= @D D=> =N> EE= AA=D= >=E== >A >=D =D => AA >AM =A>A D A @D => K

===> = > @D , > @D DAA => @DL A, > @DA AA >A> > @D A= -O= =D D=> A D >D>=> A>= @D >=A= D AAM D. C> A> > =N>, A > >= A =O= > >. A> = > > D >= di == @D =N> = >A >= > => >=D@D >= > =E== @D =O=, , L==DA @D =N> D > => K= A. e =A>A => A > @D => K A, @D > E >=DA.

D E, D D> >A> L, => @D -== A: => A= @D E= A ==A =>A == @D A===I = @D M > E= >AA @D D

=DA =, = K > = > L=> = @D K= = >O= A.

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! D >= E=, A =A A= > @D A>>= @D A=> A=,

P = @D > AA>A >= >=E= @D > A>-A> = >A @D > D (> A> D >= ) >=AD= D E= A => L A>=.

2.5 PRINCIPALE NDROME q"E P"EDEN C"RAR CON DICAPACIDAD IN!E-LEC!"AL $ q"E P"EDEN PREEN!AR AL"MNO ECOLARI%ADO EN CEN!ROORDINARIO

) S;#0+$ #$ D5 T0+; #$* 0 21.

P= FD=O= M=A>= A: Ue M=A>= > A>=L=, AO= D= A>> AD= = A= A>= M AAM (= A, >> A>, >, D> >A> =>, D= >> D , = >=> A>M, ...) D= EA = =D.

!) S;#0+$ #$ W**+.P= >O= M=A>> @D >DAA = 1 7.500 AL= =>V. e D= =AA =A D=> A> M> (A D=), A>A-IO= A A> .

") S;#0+$ #$ X %09&* #$ B$**.

e M=A>A=> =L> > A>>= D= 9000 O= =A = >> > AD> L=>.

D AAM A= >= : A > A, >A A>, AD>= A=, > .

= A>=E> @D EAM= E A>. !> E-A>= D= A @D


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=>A AA > >> > L AL= => >>A A>A=> > @D A= >= == =>A AA, @D D A=A = D@DA AI >>. 15.000 =. e= eN D @D .

e D= >=D=> => M=> > > >,= A= >= >=M =, > => >=A> , >>= AA>> D =>; = E>DE, AA> D=>= =

A= A>, DA, @DN> A>A.

%) S;#0+$ #$ T0$0

A D= =>> > O)= A 23. e M=A>A =>AA >A= 1 2.300=N = EE, 10% > >A> >=K=>.

AAI >A@D =N A== =A =>, =>. ! AAM D= = M=A>= > >EA> >> AA>> > = >E-A>. e= AM > >, =A AD= => D >AAA.

&) S;#0+$ #$ K*$%$*$0

e M=A>>M @D AAI >A A= D=> > >=, >AAAAA HAA F =A, eA C>=A '=== FDA

aA.

e M=A>= > MD> = > EA>=,@D >=> > >>=. aA>A 1 1.000 =N> EA>= =D= A>>=. eK A= = A> >= =D A= D A== = KA EA.

') S;#0+$ #$ A$0

e M=A>=L=, AAI >A =>- AD A =>A D> A=-

, KA =A>, > . D => A=L e. aA, @D D A = AA> = 1906.

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#>A> A>A>, A=- >> D> AK=> D== A> =>A.D> =N> >= M=A>A >>M @D D= DAA >= d.i. > AK AA > > GAEA>A=> dAA>>. *= D> D> > A>A=> K L GDM A@DA= D= A M>.

2.6 ALG"NA CONIDERACIONE ObRE EL CONCEP!O DE IN!ELIGENCIACD=> => = =O= =N> =N >= =D, =E-A D >=E A >==> D-DA @D D =N @D >=A =A> A =E>EA = >.

>A == D A D= >=> AD>=. ! = > == > =>, = DO=.

#> A D= EO= @DE> @D P D>

>A AA> D=>= ==. >A >=AA>, A =A=A A =N=I D >= d.i. => A @D @DH>A GA=A AA>> >A D.

GA=A >=>> D=AM == -= @D => D= > >A D= EA @D A >=- =ED>. d= == >: U! A>EAA> >AA A>D> @D = E>> = D= > =-A @D, = = => K = > @D EA A>AA A>EA > A> A> A>> D=> >, = => > == A D=> >. e D>A

=> =DE > ==.) I$*&$" L=A >= >=> A>. C A EA A> A. i=D = D> =, >=L, - D> A =D. H A AI>=A >A >=>A> >= EA ( AOA, O= =E == A = A>A, >, A> >A>A, =A

>A>. =D=A = > D > @D == AA >A, A, DA>= A =N> @D A== >= >A> >

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") I$*&$" E"*: =A = A =, AAA > >

A @D > >> > A>AA= A>DA > >A =>A>, , D>A, =>A A@D>, =A >A>. ! D @D D= A >= AK>, @D > @D D >=>=A =D = >= > == =AA= A>@D.

#) I$*&$" M"*: AA, AAA >A, A>A >A@D, AM> > DA> = -

AO= =, = D> A A=>A>A=O=, AI, @DA>, ,DAI E>, M > D= AO= P, =A >A>. ! == > D@D = = E >AE, =I, AO= >A>A /> = A> >=AD>= DI=> EA> =A>. @D >= K = DO= =AD.

%) I$*&$" I$0$0*. ! == =AA>= ==-A > . i=D = A->= , E>I, > > >DA A A>=A. eK

A= = >A, >M>, D=> E=>A >= A>=>> =A>A>. ! == > D @D AD= A=> = AD>, @D >= >=E=-= = D =>>= >= D D >= > A @D >= ==A > >=A = D DA D=> =A>.

&) I$*&$" I0$0*: >=>A D=> - E. i=D D>=, D>>A, O>>, O>>, . ! E== > DAE>, >= AA>, DA> M


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La !*7a ! 'a %!'%#!c%a '%+'! ! 0 +'a!a%!* 03 !%0'a! +aa +*"!*! 3 !0ca*!

+*0!:

. A+'7a 3 !%0!c! !' c*c!+* ! %!'%#!c%a. ! == => AD O> >=A D=> AD> L. H A>= A= =DA A =, >A , A = D , >A >=AA>, >A A>= A= D=> E L @D,= , AD== = > =>> > = D E A>=. >A > =>,=> AM >=AA == > D= >=> P=> => DIA D= > == A=.

. E%!! 'a %!'%#!c%a c** 0a ca+ac%a 0! ! +0!! !a*''a 3 * c** 0a caac!7%ca %-aa ! %a*%b'!. e> A =N=I A=I = >=D= -

E. e A>>A DA = @DL > A>A>= D= =N> >= d.i., = @DL > A> =A D= = > => => A =O= @D A >> > > A=-I = E>A >A D > == > . C M =DA> D A>>= D= A =P A> =D > =A>A D>=?

! == >=, = A= A =E>EA = > = =AA > D >= =D =A. D AA>> => D > =A DD>. #> >= D=> D= D >= - =D D= =>A @D > AIA A AA>A D ==>=.

= @D >=A= D= A>A => D= O>D= D= >A L => D= I =A >= > >, >EA >=> AA = @D>.

e DAAMDD< >A K > = A=I >==> @D A@DA=, A=-

A >- >=> @D = D= DDA> E= A D=> A>>A >> A A>= >= d.i.

e> D A@DA= A>>A A> @D> >= D >>, @D@DL EO= A==A = a.C.i. A> K =D >AA @D> = > @D = =.

+>E=> GA=A, D>A O > D (=> DA ==DE>) EE= == A>=> > D> =>AA > D E>AO=. A D>A > > A= A


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! A= D>= E = AA>> == > A>=. >A >=AA> = = @D @D >@D= AA>> D= ==.>A > =>, == AA>A A- K @D >=A= A= > @DO= >=>- @D = =N>, A, = =DA> > A= > @DO= >=> @D = D= D > D= D= d.i. e A> =-A@DA =>A=> D E>AA D= A @D D=AP EA >A >= D > > >= > A D @D @D > D= >A > D= AD== AA =E => > D= =O @D - @D D A. e A>D D> D >>K=> = D= => =>A > > @D >= A>>. e A> -AA =D >A >= > =AAA>= => N= @D = =M.

- &D >L >AA D > . e A> >=>A = = D D A=I E>DO=. !> =N> >= d.i., > A> =N>, == A @D A = >==I = D >.

- &D DL => > === > ADA> =A>A @D > D DO= = =>A=> A > EDA>=A>.

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3. ORGANI%ACI8N $ PRC!ICA DE LA A!ENCI8N A LO AL"MNOCON N.E.E. EN LA ED"CACI8N bICA ObLIGA!ORIAe= AA A> A= D= EO= =A >A D=>=, -ADDA >A=IO= @D A@DA

isabel varela - desafios de la diferencia en la escuela

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