is it diabetes yet?
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Is it Diabetes Yet?. If there is not enough insulin activity, or the body does not use the insulin effectively…. the body's blood glucose rises. Insulin = a protein (hormone), secreted by islet cells (beta) found on the pancreas. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Is it Diabetes Yet?
• If there is not enough insulin activity, or the body does not use the insulin effectively….
the body's blood glucose rises.
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Insulin = a protein (hormone), secreted by islet
cells (beta) found on the pancreas
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Glucagon = a protein (hormone), secreted by islet cells (alpha)
found on the pancreas
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Here it is ...
Insulin =
• Stimulates the uptake of glucose by body cells.
• Glucose is then used immediately OR stored as glycogen
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Glucagon =
• Stimulates the liver cells to convert glycogen into glucose.
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• Too much causes damage to the body proteins.
• Too little prevents body cells from working properly.
Glucose = a monosaccharide, used for energy
Glucose = directly controls
• Directly controls the insulin and glucagon secretions
Glucose triggers production of insulin
Insulin attaches to insulin receptor on cellopens
w/o insulin, glucose can’t bind
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When blood glucose rises… maybe you have just eaten breakfast
Pancreas secretes insulin
Insulin produced in pancreas, and sent through blood stream
& liver and muscle cells stimulated by insulin to uptake glucose
When blood glucose lowers…maybe you haven’t eaten lunch
Pancreas secretes glucagon
Glucagon produced in pancreas
Promotes the breakdown of glycogen & the release of glucose
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DIABETES
2 types:
DIABETES is a leading cause of premature death- results in: cardiovascular diseases, blindness, nerve damage, kidney diseases
TYPE I• In Type 1 diabetes for some unknown reason, (genetic predisposition / virus) the Islets of Langerhans are destroyed by the body's own immune system, altering their ability to produce insulin
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TYPE II• In Type 2 diabetes, insulin is produced normally, but the tissues and cells of the body are unable to use the insulin manufactured by the Islets of Langerhans. For some reason they have become resistant to the effects of their own insulin. Insulin continues to be made, but the cells are unable to recognize it and use it effectively
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Behind the feedback loop:
Animal takes in more calories than it needs to produce ATP
If animal isn’t growing, or reproducing - will store the surplus E. in liver & muscle cells as glycogen = polymer of glucose unitspolymer of glucose units
If glycogen stores are full, & caloric intake still exceeds caloric expenditure, the excess is stored as fat
When fewer calories are taken in than are expended…fuel is taken out of the storage depots… liver glycogen -> muscle glycogen -> fat.
• Glucose builds up in the blood, overflows into the urine, and passes out of the body in the urine.
Thus, the body loses its main
source of fuel even though the blood
contains large amounts of glucose.
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