is infrastructure managing infrastructure and services copyright 2016 curt hill

IS Infrastructure

Managing Infrastructure and Services

Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill

Infrastructure• Definition:

– The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise

• For a city this would include:– Streets– Sewer– Water– Electricity

• Obviously the IT infrastructure would be a little different for an enterprise


What is IS Infrastructure?• Hardware• System software• Application software• Storage• Networking• Data centers • Never forget the people that run all

of these


Hardware• Starts with the computer• These come in all sizes and

expenses– Personal to super

• See the next slide for a comparison table


Sizes


Software• System software is the program(s)

that allows use of a computer• Application software is what we

wanted to do with the computer in the first place

• We will see a subsequent presentation that looks at both of these


Storage• The place where data is

permanently stored– Computer memory is volatile

• Typically includes– Rotating magnetic media– Magnetic tape– New kid on block is Solid State Drives

(SSD) and Storage Class Memory (SCM)

• Each of these have a range of costs and access speeds


Networks• Communications mechanism that

requires:– Sender and receiver– Transmission pathway– Protocols (rules) for how the

communication must occur• Like human communication, the

message still has to be:– Formulated, encoded, transmitted,

received, decoded, and understood for communication to have taken place


Sizes of Networks


Type Usage SizePersonal area network (PAN)

Wireless communication between devices (Bluetooth)

Under 10 meters

Local area network (LAN)

Sharing of data, softwareapplications, and other resources between several users

Typically a building

Wide area network (WAN)

Connect multiple LANs, distributedownership and management

Large physical distance, up to worldwide

Internet• The Internet is one of several global

networks– Communicating smaller nets

• The Internet has standard protocols– TCP/IP among others

• Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol

• The Internet is based on internetworking, or combining networks to form larger networks– Routers copy messages from one

LAN/WAN to another


World Wide Web• The World Wide Web is one of many

things that uses the Internet– The World Wide Web is not the Internet

• The World Wide Web is– Web protocols (e.g., HTML and HTTP)– Web pages (documents containing

HTML )– Web servers (store and provide access

to Web pages via a Web site)– Web browsers (provide users with an

interface to Web pages)Copyright © 2016 Curt Hill

Names and Addresses• Usually we use a Universal

Resource Locator (URL) to find a web page

• The web browser broadcasts that name

• Any Data Name Server (DNS) will respond with an IP number – WWW.VCSU.EDU is 134.129.3.179

• The browser uses the IP number to contact the server in question– The IP could be used directly


http://www.vcsu.edu/

URLs• Usually three pieces• The last one is the type of high level

domain– .GOV is government– .EDU is education– .ORG is (usually non-profit) organization– .COM is a business– There are many others

• Next to last is domain name• First is the host in domain


Web Components• Interconnected networks• Clients request Web page hosted on

server• Server breaks into packets• Packets stream over internet to client• Client reassembles• Client can request retransmission of

any missing packets• Web browser translates Web page

into visible output


Intranets and Extranets• Companies have confidential data

which needs to be shared on a limited basis

• Intranet: password-protected Web site designed for sharing within the company

• Extranet: password-protected Web site designed for sharing with select partners


Data Centers• Where the computing and some

networking hardware is concentrated

• May be as small as a room in a building

• May be as big as a large warehouse– Thousands of servers and storage

• Centers facilitate security, easy upgrades or repairs and managing all of the equipment


Conclusion• This is been a brief look at parts of

the information system infrastructure

• This included hardware, networks and data centers

• We next look at some of the fundamental pieces of software


is infrastructure managing infrastructure and services copyright 2016 curt hill

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