· un/desa is a vital interface between global policies in the economic, social and environmental...

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id¾:l l%fudamdhhka yryd ixj¾Okh

2006 cQ,s 28 isg 29 olajd"

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fudrgqj uy k.r iNdj

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iu le|jqïlrejka(

1

ksjdi yd bÈlsÍï l¾udka; wud;HdxYh( kd.ßl ixj¾Ok yd c, iïmdok wud;HdxYh

2006 l,dmSh ixj¾Okh i|yd jQ tlai;a cd;Skaf.a uOHia:dkh

_____________________________________________________________________________

Mission Statement of UN/DESA

The Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN/DESA) was created as the result of the

consolidation of the Department of Policy Coordination and Sustainable Development, the

Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, and the Department for

Development Support and Management Services.

UN/DESA is a vital interface between global policies in the economic, social and environmental

spheres and national action. The Department works in three main interlinked areas: (a) it

compiles, generates and analyses a wide range of economic, social and environmental data and

information on which States Members of the United Nations draw to review common problems

and to take stock of policy options; (b) it facilitates the negotiations of Member States in many

intergovernmental bodies on joint courses of action to address ongoing or emerging global

challenges; and (c) it advises interested Governments on the ways and means of translating

policy frameworks developed in United Nations conferences and summits into the programmes

at the country level and, through technical assistance, helps build national capacities.

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

igyk(

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ks, fkd,;a ufyaia;%d;a yd idu úksiqre

fudßia úfÊr;ak

ksfhdacH k.rdêm;s" fudrgqj uy k.r iNdj"

ks, fkd,;a ufyaia;%d;a yd uq¿ Èjhskgu idu úksiqre

1

wdrïNl l:dj

ví,sõ' ví,sõ' iuka,d,a m%kdkaÿ uy;d

k.rdêm;s" fudrgqj uy k.r iNdj" ks, fkd,;a ufyaia;%d;a yd idu úksiqre

k.rdêm;s;=udf.a mKsjqvh"

uyck yd m%cd uQ,sl m%dfoaYsh ixj¾Okh ms<sn| mqyqKq jev igykg iyNd.s ù

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lr isáñ'

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2

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wjia:dj ,nd foñka ud ksyvz fjñ' Tn ieug ia;+;shs'

k.rdêm;s"

fudrgqj uy k.r iNdj

ví,sõ' iuka,d,a m%kdkaÿ

ks, fkd,;a ufyaia;%d;a yd idu úksiqre

3

wdrïNl l:dj

fudßia úfÊr;ak

ksfhdacH k.rdêm;s" fudrgqj uy k.r iNdj" ks, fkd,;a ufyaia;%d;a yd uq¿ Èjhskgu

idu úksiqre

Wm k.rdêm;s;=udf.a mKsjqvh'

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lsÍug wm fkdmiqng fjuq'

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meñK jev igyk fufyhùug odhl jQ uhqñ hudod uy;añhg;a" tâj¾â iqfudfgda

uy;dg;a kka whqßka iyh jQ yd iyNd.s jQ ish¿ fokdg;a ia;+;sjka; fjñka udf.a

l:dj wjika lrñ'

fudßia úfÊr;ak

ksfhdacH k.rdêm;s'

fudrgqj uy k.r iNdj'

ks, fkd,;a ufyaia;%d;a yd

uq¿ Èjhskgu idu úksiqre

4

ye¢kaùu

kd.ßllrKh yd m%cd uQ,sl wdmÞ

l<ukdlrKh(ysfhdaf.da Ndr wruqo,a VIIjHdmD;shg ye¢kaùula

uhqñ hudÞ

m¾fhaIl"


fÊ´iSù miqìu yd jevuq¿fõ wruqKq kÜiqflda fils.=Ñ

fÊ´iSù YS% ,xld

5

kd.ßllrKh yd m%cd uQ,sl wdmÞ l<ukdlrKh( ysfhdaf.da Ndr wruqo, VII jHdmD;shg ye¢kaùula

uhqñ hudÞ

m¾fhaIl" hQtkaiSwd¾ã jHik l<ukdlrK ie,iqï ysfhdaf.da ld¾hd,h

miqìu

úm;a wvqlsÍu ms<sn| tlai;a cd;Skaf.a f,dal iïuka;%Kh ̂ hQ tka ví,sõ is ã wd¾&

2005 ckjdß 18 isg 22 olajd cmdkfha fldafí k.rfha§ meje;aúks' 1995 ckjdß

17 Þ isÿ jQ ykaIska - wjdð uyd N=ñlïmdfjka miq mqÿudldr f,I h<s h:d ;;ajhg

m;a ùu fuuÕska isysm;a flßK' ;jo úm;a yd jHikj, ydkslr n,mEïj,g ,la

jQ" úfYaIfhkau 2004 foieïn¾ 26 Þ bkaÈhka id.rfha isÿ jQ lsisfia;a is;sh

fkdyels ;rï nrm;< N+ñlïmdfõ yd iqkdñ jHikfhka úkdYhg f.dÿre jQ

uyckhd yd ckm%cdjka yg o wjHdc lK.dgqj yd fYdalh m<lsÍu fuuÕska isÿ

flßK'

úm;a wvqlsÍu ms<sn| tlai;a cd;Skaf.a f,dal iïuka;%Kh( ysfhdaf.da Ndr wruqo, VII

úm;a wvqlsÍu" ;srir ixj¾Okh yd È<s÷lu uq,skqmqgd ±óu w;r we;s ffki¾.sl

in|;djh y÷kd .ksñka jHik wvqlsÍu ms<sn| f,dal iïuka;%Kh ;=,ska

f,aLk ;=kla ̂ tlai;a cd;Skaf.a cd;Hka;r l%fudamdhsl jHik wvq lsÍu ̂ hQ tka whs

tia ã wd¾&" 2005& t<s±laúks' tkï ^1& ysfhdaf.da m%ldYkh( ^2& ls%hd;aul ùfï

ysfhdaf.da rduqj 2005-2015( jHikj,g uqyqK Èu i|yd m%cdjka yd cd;ska ;=<

m%;HiaÓ;sl;djh f.dv ke.Sï ^ñka bÈßhg th ¶ls%hd;aul ùfï ysfhdaf.da rduqj·

f,i ye¢kafjkq we;" yd ̂ 3& bkaÈhdkq id.r jHikh ms<sn| úfYaI ieisjdrh ms<sn|

fmdÿ m%ldYkh( iqrlaIs; wkd.;hla I|yd jHik wvqlsÍu hkqfjks' ysfhdaf.da

m%ldYkh uÕska f.da,Sh jYfhka" cd;sl jYfhka yd m%dfoaYsh jYfhka .; hq;=

ls%hdud¾. ms,sn| rduqjla bosßm;a lrñka tlai;a cd;Skaf.a moaO;sh ;=< we;s

ixúOdk" wdKavq" l,dmSh yd wka;¾cd;sl ixúOdk yd uQ,H wdh;k" isú,a iudch"

rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk" iafõÉPd fiajl fiaúldjka" mqoa.,sl wxYh yd úµd;aul

m%cdj le|jd,kafkah' ^hQ tka whs tia ã wd¾" 1995&

ykaIska - wjdð uyd N=ñlïmd wkqiaurK m¾fhaIK wdh;kh yd ksúfhda¾la

k.rfha tlai;a cd;Skaf.a wd¾Ól yd idudÔh lghq;= ms<sn| fomd¾;fïka;=j ^hQ

tka ã B tia ta& w;r we;s .súiqu mokï lr .ksñka úm;a wvqlsÍu ms<sn| f,dal

iïuka;%Kfha miq úmru jYfhka ysfhdaf.da Ndr wruqo, jHdmD;sh VII g WKqiqï

f,i uQ,H wdOdr iemhSu ud Wmka k.rh jk ysfhdaf.da m%dka;h úiska isÿ lrk ,È'

6

2005 § kd.ßllrKh yd m%cd uQ,sl wdmÞ l<ukdlrKh hkqfjka kj f;audjla

we;=<;a lr .kakd ,o w;r hQ tka iS wd¾ ã wdmÞ l<ukdlrK ie,iqï ysfhdaf.da

ld¾hd,h úiska .súiqu u; ls%hdldrlï ls%hdjg kÕkq we;' ysfhdaf.da Ndr wruqof,a

yjq,aldr rgj,a jkafka fkamd,h" nx.,foaYh" Y%S ,xldj yd ;dhs,ka;hhs'

YS% ,xldj(kd.ßllrKh yd m%cduQ,sl wdmÞ l<ukdlrKh ^ iS î ã tï&

20061 ckjdß isg YS% ,xldj ;+, hQ tka is wd¾ ã ysfhdaf.da ld¾hd,h úiska

kd.ßl .;slhka" WÞyrK jYfhka kd.ßl ck.yK j¾Okh yd wiucd;Sh

m%cdjka ^WÞyrK kj yd w¿;a & yd ±kg mj;sk m%cd uQ,sl wdmÞ l<ukdlrK

^iSîãtï& rgdjg yiq fkdùug bv we;s kd.ßl wjÞkï iy.; Ndjh yd

uyckhdf.a wjÞkï iy.; Ndjh ie,ls,a,g .ksñka kd.ßl ck m%cdj ;=<

yd ;srir Ôjfkdamdhhka ;=< wdrlaId iys;j Èú f.ùu iy ms<sn| ixl,amhg

mlaIj yË k.k ,È'

fkdlvjd mej;s ixjdofha yd by; I|yka mßÈ yË keÕSfï yd woyia ±laùfï

ls%hdÞufha m%;sm,hla jYfhka yd YS>% kd.ßllrKh yd iqkdñfhka miq

h:d ;;ajhg m;a ùu I|yd m%cd uÜgfuka isÿ flfrk ls%hdÞuhkao

ie,ls,a,g .ksñka cmka cd;Hka;r iyfhda.s;d iafõÉPd fiajh ^fÊ´iSù& yd

hQtkaiSwd¾ã ysfhdaf.da ld¾hd,h úiska ;;aj wOHhk ia:dkhla jYfhka fudrgqj

f;dard .kakd ,o w;r fudrgqj k.r iNdj o we;=¿ md¾Yaj ;=k úiska

kd.ßllrKh" m%cd yd l,dmSh ixj¾Okh ms<sn| ±kgu;a mj;akd ±kqu

iudf,dapkh lsßug taldnoaO jev uq¿jla ixúOdkh lsÍug tlÕ jk ,È'

fudrgqj kd.ßl iNd m%foaYfha kd.ßllrKh ms<sn| m%Yak" wúêu;a ckdjdi wêl

ùu yd wmc, l<ukdlrKh m%udKj;a f,i isÿ fkdùu ¶iqkdñ m%Yak· Wvgu tl;=

ù ;sfí' bkaÈhdkq id.rfha iqkdñh fld<U yd fudrgqj we;=¿ ta wi,ajeis

Èia;s%lalj,g oreKq f,i n,mEfõ ke;ehs úYajdi l, kuq;a 2004 foieïn¾ ui we;s

jQ iqkdñfhka fudrgqfõ ckhdg w,dN ydks yd wysñùï isÿ úh' we;a; jYfhkau

iqkdñhg f.dÿre jqjka yd wj;eka jQjka yg h:d ;;ajhg m;a jkq msKsi iyfhda.h

imhk ,oafoa Y%S ,xld wdKavqj" foaYmd,k{hka" foaYSh yd úfoaYSh rdcH fkdjk

ixúOdk ̂ tkaÔ´& yrydh' wk;=rej cd;Hka;r ixj¾Ok ixúOdkj, uQ,HdOdrj,ska

kd.ßl há;, jHqy ixj¾Ok yd È<s÷lu msgq ±lSfï jHdmD;s lsysmhla ls%hd;aul

lrñka ;sfí' ta yer kd.ßlNdjhg wdfõKsl yd kd.ßllrKh iuÕ

ne÷kq ,laIK jk jd;h ¥IKh ùu" jdyk ;onoh yd uqvqlal= me,am;a iqkdñ

úkdYhg;a fmr isg mej;s nj u;l ;nd .; hq;=h' m%cdjka úiska uqyqK fok È.=

1hQ tka iS wd¾ ã yjq,alrejkaf.a /iaùu 2005 ckjdßj,§ mj;ajk ,È'

7

ld,hla ;siafia mej;s fï m%Yak iqkdñh ksid Woa.; jQjd fkdj iqkdñh ksid

t,ssmy<shg meñKs m%Yak nj mejiSu jvd;a m%{djka;h'

jevuq¿fõ wruqKq

jevuq¿fõ wruqKq yd tÉàt*a VII m%odkhka my; I|yka mßÈ fõ'(

hym;a md,kh yd m%cdj iún, .ekaùu ^ tÉ à t*a VII: 2005-2006)

ia;S% mqreINdjh .ek olsk wdldrhka m%cduQ,sl wdmÞ l<ukdlrKhg

m%jdy.; lsÍu (HTF VIII: 2006-2007)

;jÿrg;a"

ixikaokd;aul l,dmSh wOHhkhka ;=,ska ¶kd.ßl ck m%cdj yd ;srir

Ôjfkdamdhhka ;=< wdrlaId iys;j Èú f.ùu· ms<sn| ixl,amh meyeÈ,s lsÍu

m%dfhda.slj ls%hdjg kÕk whqre m%o¾Ykh lsÍu

m¾fhaIKd;aul fidhd.ekSï" woyia yd f;dr;=re yqjudre lr .ekSu ;=,ska

m%cduQ,sl wdmÞ l<ukdlrK lafIa;%h ;=< cd;Hka;r yd l,dmSh

iyfhda.s;djh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu

m%cdj iún, .ekaùu yd hym;a md,kh ;=,ska wdmÞ l<ukdlrKh ixj¾Ok

ie,iqï ;=<g taldnoaO lsßu

bkaÈhdkq id.rfha iqkdñfhka miq fuu wruqKq ;j ÿrg;a fudrgqj ikao¾Nhkag

ióm jk mßÈ yev.eiaùu ;=,ska l,dmSh yd m%cd ixj¾Ok ls%hdldrlï m,ÞhS

lr,Su I|yd m%cdfõ mÈxÑlrejkag$idudðlhkag yd fudrgqj k.riNdjg

iyfhda.h §u hQtkaiSwd¾ã b,lalh fõ'( ^1& l,dmSh yd m%cd ixj¾Okh we;s

lr .ekSu I|yd yjq,alrejka yd m%cdfõ mÈxÑlrejka w;r fmdÿ o¾Ykhla yd

bf.kqula we;s lr .ekSu( ^2& m%cd ixj¾Ok yd wdmÞ l<ukdlrK ie,iqï

ifudaOdkh lsÍu ms<sn| ±kqj;aNdjh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu ^3& iduQysl ls%hd m%j¾Okh

^cmka NdIdfjka ¶lafhdafoda· hkqfjka ye¢kafõ'& yd ^4& iyNd.sùug Èß.ekaùu yd

wkqn, §u ;=,ska m%cdfõ mÈxÑlrejka$idudðlhka iún, .ekaùu' ls%hdjg keÕSu

I|yd ls%hd ie,eiqula o flgqïm;a lrkq we;' iyNd.s;aj wëlaIKh yd we.hqï

lsÍu .ek iyNd.s jk wh w;ro ;j ÿrg;a m%cdfõ mÈxÑlrejka iuÕ o idlÉPd

flfrkq we;' fuys m%;sm, jYfhka fudrgqj ckhd iún, .ekafjkq we;ehso

úúOdldr ixlS¾K jHik Wmojd,Sug fya;= jk kd.ßllrKh .ek ie,ls,su;a

fjñka ;u ixj¾Ok lghq;= I|yd Tjqka ie,iqï ilia lrkq we;ehso wfmalaId flf¾'

tlaj jev lghq;= lsÍug;a woyia woyia yqjudre lr .ekSug;a wo úúO

yjq,alrefjda fuys tlaj isá;s' hym;a mßj¾;khka we;s lrkq msKsi wm úiska tla

/ia lrf.k we;s w;a±lSï yd ±kqu fnodyod .ksuq'

8

fÊíSù miqìu yd jevuq¿fõ wruqKq

kÜiqflda fils.=Ñ

cmka cd;Hka;r iyfhda.S;d iafõÉPd fiajh ^fÊíSù& YS% ,xld" fudrgqj

YS% ,xldfõ fÊíSù jev igykla Èh;a lrkq msKsi 1980 § YS% ,xldj yd cmdkh

w;r uQ,sl .súiqula w;aika lsÍfuka miq 1981 § m<uqjk iafõÉPd fiajl fiaúldjka

lKavdhu msg;a lr tjk ,È' m<uqjk lKavdhug we;=<;a jQfha w;ajev" WK

nïnqj,ska lrk w;ajev yd t<j¿ jeùu iïnkaOfhka úfYaI{ ±kqula we;a;jqka jQy'

tu wjqreoafoa§ Y%S ,xldfõ fÊíSù ld¾hd,h msysgqjk ,È'

±ka fï 25 jk jir jk úg fÊíSù iafõÉPd fiajl fiaúldjka ish .Kkla furgg

meñK furg ckhd yd wdKavqj iuÕ w.kd yjq,aldrlï f.dv kÕd f.k ;yjqre

lr f.k ;sfí' j¾;udkfha ils%h fÊíSù iafõÉPd fiajl fiaúldjka 40 fofkl=

lS%vd Wmfoia iemhSfï isg wdydr yd wdydr msiSfï úfYaI{hka jYfhka o <ud

ixj¾Okfha isg .%dóh yd m%cd ixj¾Okh ms<sn| úfYaI{hka jYfhkao úúO

lafIa;%j, fiajh lr;s' Tjqka w;frka" iDcqju k.r iNd ;=<g iïnkaO ù we;s

fÊíSù tallh kd.ßl È<s÷ yd wjÞkï iy.; ;;aj ;=< Èú f.jk ckhdf.a Ôjk

mßirh yd Ôjfkdamdhhka jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug iyh fo;s'

fÊíSù idudðlfhda ld,h ,efnk ;rug ck m%cdjka iuÕ iómfhka jev lghq;=

lsÍug lem ù isá;s' Bg fya;=j jkafka ckhdf.a Ôjk mßirh yd Ôjfkdamdhhka

jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu I|yd ckhd iuÕ iDcqju wka;¾ls%hdjkays fhfoñka Tjqkaf.a yËg

ijka §fï we;s jeo.;alu wm okakd neúks' m<uqj wm úiska wm w;r úYajdih f.dv

kÕd f.k wmf.a Èkm;d l;dny ;=,ska woyia Woyia yqjudre lr .; hq;=h'

fnfyúka wjÞkug ,la úh yels fyda idudÔh jYfhka jrm%ido fkd,;a ckhd

iún, .kajkq msKsi Tjqka I;= uq, msÍfï Yla;sh f;areï .ekSu jeo.;ah' fÊíSù

fiajfha ld¾hNdrh jkafka ixj¾Okh we;s lr .ekSu I|yd m%cd idudðlhkaf.a

iajn,fhka fufyhfjk m%h;akhka yd woyiaj,g myiqlï ie,iSuhs' túg Ôú;h

yd ;uka uqyqK fok ;;ajhka ms<sn| Tjqka I;= ±kqu mokï lr.;a ;ukaf.au úiz÷ï

fidhd .ekSug Tjqka iún, .ekafjkq we;'

m%cdfõ idudðlhka iún, .ekafjk l<" m%cdfõ uq,amsÍïj,g iyfhda.h §u I|yd

m%dfoaYSh m<d;amd,k wdh;k I;= yelshdjka yd Yla;Ska ;SrKd;aul fõ' iuyrúg

9

iïm;a ixúOdkh fldg fufyhúh yels n,h we;af;a m%dfoaYSh m<d;amd,k

jHqyhkag jk w;r m%cdfjka isÿ flfrk uq,msÍïj,g iyh §ug iqÿiq yelshdj

Tjqkag fkdue;s kï ixj¾Ok ls%hdÞuh mdroDYH fkdjkjd muKla fkdj tys

j.lsjhq;=Ndjho fkdue;s jk w;r ;j ÿrg;a lghq;= lsÍu I|yd m%cdjka

wffO¾hu;a jkq we;' Bg wu;rj wdKavqfõ yelshdjka ixj¾Okh lsÍu o m%cdj yd

wdKavqj w;r ixjdoh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu o jeo.;a h'

tneúka wms Ôjk mßirfha yd ;;ajfha jeä ÈhqKqjla w;a lr .ekSu I|yd

iuia;hla jYfhka tljru wruqKq ;=kl ksr; fjuq' m<uqj Tjqkaf.a yelshdjka

jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu ;=,ska m%cd iún,.ekaùu' fojkqj wdKavqfõ wdh;kj, yelshdjka

f.dvkeÕSu jk w;r Bg ksjdi yd m%cd ixj¾Ok lñgq jdr meje;aùu ^l,dmSh

ixj¾Ok ls%hdldrlïj,g iïnkaO ish¿ fokdgu Bg wdrdOkd l< hq;=h'& yd

t,aBwhs yd iSãmSyd fÊ´iSù jeks jev igyka iuÕ jvd;a hym;a ikaksfõokhla yd

yjq,aldrlï yd ikaksfõokhla meje;aùu we;=<;a fõ' ;=ka fjkqj ls%hdÞuhg

iïnkaO ish¿u wh cd,.; ùu isÿ úh hq;= w;r tuÕska ixj¾Ok ls%hdÞuhg

iïnkaO ish¿ fokd w;r iDcq yd ksrka;r ixjdoh jeä j¾Okh flfrk w;r

wdKavqj yd ck m%cdj w;r taldnoaO jHdmD;s ls%hdldrlï yd f;dr;=re yqjudrej

fyd¢ka iïnkaëlrKh ùug th fya;= fõ'

m%cdfõ ckhd

iún, .ekaùu

ls%hdÞuhgiyNd.sjk

yeuf.a cd,uh tl;=j

ish,a,kaf.a cd,uh

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All Stakeholders

m<d;amd,k

wdh;kj,

yelshdj

f.dvkexùu

Ôjk mßirh yd Ôjk ;;ajhka jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu

10

fï miqìu ;=< taldnoaO jev uq¿fõ wruqKq my; I|yka mßÈ fõ'

1. l,dmSh ixj¾Okh ms<sn| o¾Ykhka m%dfoaYSh ckm%cdjkag y÷kajd§u yd

fnÞyÞ.ekSu

2. ckhd yd ckm%cdjka foi o Tjqkaf.a m%Yak" wjÞkï yd j;alï foi o jv

jvd;a wjOdkh fhduq l< yels jk fia ls%hdÞuhg iyNd.s jk yeu fokdf.a

yelshdjka f.dvkeÕSu

3. ls%hdÞuhg iyNd.s jk ish¿ fokd w;r jvd;a hym;a ikaksfõokhla isÿ

fjkq msKsi yjq,aldrlï f.dvkeÕSu yd

4. wdKavqj yd ck m%cdjka w;r iyNd.s;aj ixj¾Okh ms<sn| woyi

m%j¾Okh lsÍu

f.dÿre jQjkaf.a

N+ñld fjkiaùu

w;HjYH iyfhda.h

fjkia lsÍu

l,dmSh ixj¾Okhmqkre;a

:dmkh

iykdOdr$m%:u

dOdr

Wmldr ,efnk

f;la n,d isàu'

mqkre;a:dmkf

ha iy kej;

bÈlsÍfï yjq,a

;srir l,dmSh

ixj¾Okh i|yd

yÈis wÈhr

iqkdñ

m%cd idudðlhka tlaj iqkdñ jHikfha mqkre;a:dmk yd m%;sbÈlsÍï jev lghq;=

lrkq msKsi;a" ixj¾Okh i|yd lghq;= lrk m%Odk;u pß; njg m;a ùug yels

jk fia Tjqkaf.a yelshdjka jeäÈhqKq jkq msKsi;a myiqlï ie,iSug wms

úfYaIfhkau leue;af;uq'

2004 iqkdñ úm; ksid fudrgqj mq¿,a f,i me;sÍ .sh ydksj,g f.dÿre úh' tys

m%;sm,hla f,I ;ju;a ;djld,sl l|jqre 11 la tys mj;S' ksjdi tall 4019 la

ydksj,g f.dÿre jQ kuq;a iaÓridrj iyfhda.h fkd,eîu" ÿ¾j, yjq,aldrlï yd

uQ,H fhdackd l%u ksid iuyr m%cdjka h:d ;;ajhg m;a ùfï ls%hdÞuhg ndOd

meñKsks' Tjqkag ,nd .; yels iyfhda.h fyda h<sbÈlsÍïj,g we;s ndOl wkqj tla

tla ck m%cdfõ ;;ajh tlsfklg fjkia fõ' WÞyrKhla jYfhka ixj;air ksjdi

ck m%cdj mjq,a 70-80 ;a w;r ixLHdjlska iukaú; jk w;r Tjqkag óg fmr cd;sl

ksjdi ixj¾Ok wêldßfha ksjdi fhdackd l%uhla ;sìK' ±ka ldka;d nexl=fõ

11

laIqøuQ,H iyfhda.ho we;sj ksjdi ysñhdf.a fufyhùfuka yd wdOdr imhkakdf.a

fufyhùfuka hk fohdldrfhkau bÈlsÍï isÿ fõ' ck m%cdj ;ykï wdrlaIs;

iSudfjka msg; isák neúka h,sbÈlsÍï ndOd ÿIalr;dj,ska f;drj isÿ fõ' kuq;a

wks;a h<sbÈlsÍï flfrk fhdackd l%uh" m%cdj tlafiai;a lsÍfï§;a ixj¾Okh

I|yd o¾Ykhla yev.iajd .ekSfï§;a iuyr .eg¿ldÍ ;;aj fmkakqï lrkakg

mgka f.k ;sfí'

ydks isÿ jQ .%dufiajd ks<Odß

jiï

ydks isÿ jQ ksjdi tall

ixLHdj

wÕ=,dk W;=r 259

wÕ=,dk ol=K 195

tf.dv Whk uOHu 333

tf.dv Whk W;=r 428

tf.dv Whk ol=K 844

lgql=rekao W;=r 232

lgql=rekao ol=K 285

fldr<je,a, W;=r 311

fldr<je,a, ol=K 116

fldr<je,a, ngysr 115

fudrgqje,a, ol=K 101

fudrgqje,a, ngysr 332

Wiaj;a; 185

Whk W;=r 143

Whk ol=K 140

tl;=j 4019

fudaor;=vqj ;ykï wdrlaIs; iSudj ;=<

mj;sk w;r iqkdñhg fmr tys mjq,a 150

la isáhy' kuq;a jHikfhka miq mjq,a

ixLHdj 70 olajd wvq lrñka fndfyda

mÈxÑlrefjda wj;eka jQy' Tjqkaf.a m%Odk

m%Yakh jQfha laIqø uQ,H wdOdr u; mokï

jQ h<sbÈlsÍï fhdackd l%u ls%hd;aul

jQfha wl%uj;a f,i ùuhs' iyfhda.h fok

ixúOdkh fojrla fjkia jQ w;r ;j

ÿrg;a laIqø uQ,H wdOdr ixúOdkfha

iyfhda.hla o ke;s ;ekg ±ka m;a

ù ;sfí' iqkdñ úm;g f.dÿrejQjka f,I

Tjqka ms<s .ekqkq ;;ajh ±ka wj,x.= ù

we;s neúka iqkdñfhka h:d ;;ajhg m;a

ùu I|yd wdOdr b,a,d isàfï whs;sho

Tjqkag ke;s ù ;sfí' iïnkaëlrKh ySk

ùfï m%Yakhg wms jydu ms<shï fhÈh hq;= jk w;r m%Yak úi|d .ekSu i|yd iqkdñ

úm;g f.dÿre jQjka ;=, ie,iqï lsÍfï Yla;sh f.dv kexúh hq;=h'

ixj¾Ok fiajl fiaúldjka" m%cd idudðlhka" wdKavqj" jHdmD;s lKavdhï" fhdackd

bÈßm;a lrkakka jeks h<s bÈlsÍfï ls%hdÞuhg iïnkaOjk yeu flfkl=u fï

wjia:dfjka m%fhdack ,nkq msKsi" ish woyia Woyia yqjudre lr .ekSug yels jk

msKsi;a" wmf.a ixjdoh yd yjq,aldrlu jeäj¾Okh lrjd,k ;sridr l%uhla

I|yd mokula msysgqùug wmg yels jk msKsi;a fï foÈk ;=,§ wmg lKavdhula

f,I tlaj jev lsÍug yels jkq we;ehs wms n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjuq' Tng fnfyúkau

ia;+;sjka; fjuq'

12

m%cd yd l,dmSh ixj¾Okh

wm I;= ±kqu yd l,dmSh yd m%cd ixj¾Okfha ;;ajh fudrgqj

ikao¾Nh ;=< iudf,dapkh fldg ne,Su

wkqr oikdhl

¨kdj mßir m%j¾Ok yd m%cd ixj¾Ok

jHdmD;sh

,sx.sl j¾.SlrKh yd wdmÞ l<ukdlrKh m%cduQ,sl

ixj¾Okh ;=< m%Odk m%jdy.; lsÍu


m¾fhaIK iyldr"

hQtkaiSwd¾ã ysfhdaf.d

kd.ßllrKh yd jHik ms<sn| wjÞku uuhqñ hudod

woyia ±laùu ta oikdhl

ví,sõ' tia' m%kdkaÿ

13

wm I;= ±kqu yd l,dmSh yd m%cd ixj¾Okfha ;;ajh fudrgqj

ikao¾Nh ;=< iudf,dapkh fldg ne,Su

m<uqjk bosßm;a lsÍu

wkqr osidkdhl uy;d úisks

Y%S ,xldj úfoaYSh wdl%uKj,g f.dÿreùu;a" hg;a úð;lrKh ùu;a

iuÕu ,dxlsl ck iudch úYd, mßj¾;kj,g Ndckh úh' ngysr f,dalh ;=<

Wiia fldg ie,l+ w.hhka" iudc isß;a úß;a úfoaYsl wdl%uKslhka úiska foaYSh

ckm%cdjg y÷kajd§u isÿ jQ w;r" ta jk úg iaÓridr f,i mej;s iajfoaYSh Ôú;

rgdjg" isß;a úsß;a idrO¾u yd iïm%Þhkag fï ngysr n,mEï ksid wNsfhda. t,a,

jkakg mgka .;s'

iajhx fmdaIKh" iafjda;aidyh" wfkdakH iyfhda.h yd m%cd ixúOdk uq,a lrf.k

mej;s iduQysl Ôjk rgdjg mokï ù ;snQ idrOu jHqyhka fï ksid lvd jeàulg"

ì| jeàulg fidaod hdulg ,la úh'

úfoaYsl md,lhka úiska ish mßmd,k lghq;= myiqfjka lrf.k hdu i|yd rdcH

jHqyhla ilia l< w;r" th uq,a lrf.k rcfhka jegqma ,nñka" rchg fiajh

lrñka" rcfhka hefmk udkisl;ajhla iys; kj iudc mka;shla ìys jkakg

mgka .;s' fufia tf;la ia:dms;j mej;s iajfoaYSh jákdlï fidaodmd¿ ù hkakg;a

rch yd jHdmdr uq,alrf.k wdÞhï Wmhd .kakd" jia;=jg" uqo,aj,g uq,a ;ek fok

Okj;a ckhdf.ka ieÈ kj iudc mka;shla ìysùug;A mgka .;s' fufia Okh yd

n,h uq,a lr.;a w.hka iys; kj iudc jHqyhla we;s jkakg mgka.ekSfï

m%;sm,hla jYfhka ft;sydislj mej;f.k wd wfkdakH iyfhda.h" iduQyslNdjh"

m%cd uÜgfuka ixúOdkd;aulj lghq;= lsÍu jeks w.kd idrO¾u uq,a lr f.k

f.dvkeÕS ;snqKq iudc jHqyh ì| jeàug mgka .;s'

iafjda;aidyfhka keÕS isàu fjkqjg rch uq,alrf.k is;k u;k" uOH.; rdcH

n,jHqyh jgd talrdYS fjk" rdcH iqNidOkh flfrys n,dfmdfrd;a;= ;nk

udkisl;ajhla uyckhd ;=< j¾Okh úh' ;uka rchg nÿ f.jk ksid;a" rch

fjkqfjka jev lghq;=j, ksr; jk ksid;a" wks;a w;ska rch wdÞhï ,nk wdh;khla

ksid;a ck;d iqNidOkh i|yd j.lSu mejfrkafka rchg nj ms<s.efkk iudc

jd;djrKhla ìys úh'

14

fï w;r isÿ jQ ;j;a jeo.;a lreKla jQfha fï wys;lr iudc mßj¾;khka ksid

rfÜ ksIamdok Odß;djh msßfykakg mgka .ekSuhs' rg md,kh lrk ,oafoa

úfoaYslhka úiska jk neúka úfoaYsl rdcH ;ka;%hlg fiajh lsÍug jvd" jev

fkdlr isàu hym;a m%.;sYS,S ;;a;ajhla f,i ie,lSug ckhd mqreÿ jQy' úfoaYSh

md,kfhka Y%S ,xldj ksoyia ùfuka miqj jqjo È.ska È.gu rfÜ ksIamdok Odß;dj

msßySug fya;=jla jQqfha ;uka jev lrkafka rchg fyj;a wdKavqjgh hk

udkisl;ajh uyckhd ;=< me,mÈhï ù ;snQ neúks' fï ksid wdishdfõ fjk;a rgj,a

jk cmdkh isx.mamQrej jeks rgj,a iuÕ ii|k l< Y%S ,xldj ksoyi ,eîfuka miq

hq.h ;=< o tal mqoa., wdÞhu fnfyúka my< jeà ;snqKq nj wmg fmfka'

tfukau ksoyiska miq hq.fha ;j;a ±l .; yels úfYaI ,CIKhla fyj;a lvbula

jQfha fmrÈ. wmrÈ. f,dal foflysu w.h l< hq;= m%cd l%shdldrlï yd jákdlï

talrdYS lr.;a" ngysr rgj, wOHdmkh ,enQ mrmqrl n,mEu rg ;=< l%shd;aul ùu

±l .kakg yels ùuhs'

ta w;ru ksoyi ,eîfuka miq kej;;a m%cd uÜgfuka talrdYS ù iduqyslj jev lsÍu"

fmdÿ m%cd l%shdldrlï yd idudÔh lghq;=j, fh§u" wfkdakH iyfhda.fhka lghq;=

lsÍu jeks idrO¾u j, mqk¾Ôjkhla we;s jkakg mgka .;a nj o wmg fmfka'

moúh" wïmdr jeks úYd, kj ckdjdi ìys ùu" kej;;a .%dóh uÜgfuka .%du

ixj¾Ok iñ;s" f.dú ixúOdk" urKdOdr iñ;s" c, l<ukdlrK iñ;s hkdÈh

ìysjkakg mgka .ekSu óg ksoiqka fõ'

ksoyiska miq uE; hq.fha ±l .; yels ;j;a úfYaI lvbula jkafka m%cd

iyNd.s;ajh" m%cd uQ,sl;ajh iajhx fmdaIKh" iafjda;aidyfhka keÕS isàu jeks

ixl,am yd l%ufõohka kej;;a ixj¾Ok l%shdÞuhka ;=<§ idlÉPd ùug

mgka .ekSuhs' fï i|yd fyd|u WÞyrKhla f,i ksjdi oY,laIfha jev igyk

f.kyer ±laúh yel'

tfukau m%cd iyNd.s;ajh yd m%cd uQ,sl;ajh ,efnk l%ufõo yryd l%shd;aul jk

ixj¾Ok jev igyka o fiajd ,dNshd tu ixj¾Ok l%shdÞuhg il%shju iyNd.s ùu

o m%Odk;u ,CIKhla fia biau;= jkakg mgka .;s'

fuys§ iyNd.s ùu iïnkaOfhka wod< jk iajNdjhka folla f.k yer ±laùu

jeo.;a hhs uu is;ñ' tkï" il%sh iyNd.s;ajh yd wl%sh iyNd.s;ajhhs' fuhska

woyia jkafka tu ixj¾Ok l%shdÞuh ;=< oS ;uka o ;u j.lSï yd hq;=lï uekúka

ls%hdldÍ fjñka bgq lrkafkao" ke;s kï yqfolau iyfhda.h muKla ,nd fok

15

md¾Yajhla jYfhka lghq;= lrkafkao hk j.h' wdmÞ l<ukdlrkh fõjd fjk;a

ixj¾Ok l%shdj,shla fõjd" tys§ jeo.;a jkafka fjk;a md¾Yajhla úiska l%shdjg

k.kq ,nk l%shdÞuhlg wm iyNd.s ùu fkdj wm úiska l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk

l%shdÞuhg fiiaikaf.a o iyfhda.h ,nd .ksñka Tjqka o Bg iyNd.s lrjd .ekSuhs'

iuyr ixj¾Ok jHdmD;sj,§ wmg iuyr ckhdf.ka wikakg ,enqkq l:djla ug

fuys§ u;la fõ' tkï" uy;a;h,d jefâ lrf.k hkak" wms ´k iyfhda.hla

fokakï' hkqfjkqhs' ta u;hg wkqj ixj¾Ok jev igyk l%shd;aul l< hq;af;a

ks,OdÍka jk wm úiska jk w;r" uyckhd yqfolau iyfhda.h fok wh muKla

njg m;a fõ' ta fjkqjg wm mejish hq;af;a Thf.d,a,ka fuu jev igyk lrf.k

hkak wms iyfhda.h fokakï hkqfjks' ixj¾Okh iïnkaOfhka m%cdj ;=< hemqï

udkisl;ajhla we;s lrkjd fjkqjg fuh wfma jHdmD;shhs" fuh l%shd;aul

lrkq ,nkafka wm úiskah" tneúka fuu jHdmD;sh ms<sn| ;Skaÿ .ekSu we;=¿ uq¿

l%shdÞuhgu m%cdj jk wm il%sh f,i iyNd.s úh hq;=h" hk udkisl;ajh f.dv

kef.kq ±lSug wmg yels úh hq;=h'

iuyr ixj¾Ok jHdmD;sj,§ wm m%cdj ;=< ±l we;s wdldrhg" w;sYhska ;shqKq f,i

ixfõ§ fjñka" lreKq wjfndaO lr.; yels" b;d oCI f,i ;SrK .ekSfï yelshdjka

we;s" úYd, olaI;djhka iys;" ixúOdkd;aulj l%shdldrlïj,g t<öug yelshdj

we;s ck lKavdhï wmg yuq fõ' fufia my<u iudc ia:r olajd" tkï" m%cd uQ,

ixúOdk olajd n,h úuOH.; lsÍu w;sYhska hym;a Okd;aul ;;a;ajhls' fï

ñksiaiq ÿmam;a wirK wh' ta ksid wms fï ckhd jeà isák ;;a;ajfhka by,g taug

Tjqkag yelsjk fia Tjqkag hï hï iudc fiajd jev igyka bÈßm;a l< hq;=h hk

mqKH wdl,amh u; /oS lghq;= lrkjd fjkqjg m%cdj hkq ixj¾Ok l%shdÞuhkays

m%Odk m%jdyh ;=< l%shd;aul jk iu yjq,alrejka fyj;a mx.=lrejka f,i i<ld

Tjqkag il%sh f,i tu ls%hd oduhg iyNd.s ùug bv lv ie,iSu w;sYhska jeo.;ah'

fï wkqj wm ±kg iïnkaO jHdmD;sh ;=< fï iyNd.s;ajh wmg il%shj ±l .; yel'

m%cd uQ, ixúOdkj, idudðlhka iy uyckhd fuu jHdmD;sh Ndr ks,OdÍka" k.r

iNdfõ ks,OdÍka yd foaYmd,k{hka iuÕ jHdmD;sh ms<sn| woyia Woyia yqjudre

lr.kakd ieá;a" wfmka m%Yak lrñka" lreKq úuiñka" ks<OdÍkaf.a ld¾hd,j,g

hñka tñka" tu idlÉPdj,g iyNd.s fjñka" ;Skaÿ .ekSug Þhl jk whqre wmg

±l .; yel' ld¾hd, fodrj,ao m%cdfõ ckhdg ks;ru újD;j mj;S' lreKq isÿ

úh hq;af;a o tmßoafoks' th wmf.a i;=gg lreKls'

m%cd uQ,sl l%shd ie,iqï yd ;ks mqoa.,hka fjkqjg ish¨ fokd iduQyslj iyNd.s

fjñka ;SrK .ekSu idudkH fohla njg m;afjñka ;sfí' fï wkqj uOH.; ixj¾Ok

16

l%shdÞuhla u; hemqkq ;;a;ajh ySk fjñka hk ieá;a" ta fjkqjg m%cd uQ,sl

uÜgfuka isÿ flfrk" m%cdj il%shj iyNd.s jk ixj¾Ok l%shdÞuhka l%shd;aul jk

ieá;a wmg ±l .; yel' ta wkqj j¾;udkfha YS% ,xldj ;=< uyckhd ixj¾Ok

l%shdÞuhkag yqfolau ish Y%ufhka muKla fkdj wfkl=;a wdldrj,ska o il%sh

Þhl;ajhla olajk ;;a;ajhla Wodfjñka mj;S'

fuu ;;ajh id¾:lj bÈßhg mj;ajd f.k hdu i|yd ksis Wmdh ud¾. y÷kd .ekSu

w;sYhska jeo.;a fõ' túg m%cduQ, yd m%cd iyNd.s;ajh iys; rgg m%fhdackj;a

jk ;srir ixj¾Ok l%shdÞuhla bÈßhg mj;ajd f.k hdug wmg yels jkq we;' fï

i|yd jeo.;a jk lreKq myla uu olsñ'

tkï"

ixúOdkd;aul jYfhka ia:djr;ajhla ;sîu'

wdh;ksl jYfhka ia:djr;ajhla ;sîu'

uQ,Huh ia:djr;ajhla ;sîu"

mdßißl ia:djr;ajhla ;sîu"

yd wdl,amuh yd yeisÍï rgdfõ ia:djr;ajhla ;sîu"

hk idOlhkah'

m%cd uQ, ixúOdkh Yla;su;a w;a;sjdrula iys; fyd|ska ixúê; ixúOdkhla

fkdjqkfyd;a bÈßh lrd hdu wiSre jkq we;' tfukau ixj¾Ok l%shdÞuh ;=<

fl;rï jev lghq;= lr f.k .sho wdh;ksl jYfhka ms<s.ekSula fkdue;s kï

ixúOdkhlg ;u lghq;= lrf.k hdu o wmyiq jkq we;' uQ,Huh yelshdj o

w;HdjYH idOlhla nj wuq;=fjka meyeos,s l< hq;= ke;' mdßißl tkï" há;,

myiqlï" c,h" ikSmdrCIk myiqlï o w;HdjYH ldrKhls' fï ish,a,u iïmQ¾K

jqjo tmuKla m%udKj;a ke;' m%cdfõ m%.ukh i|yd w;HdjYHu idOlhla jkafka

wdl,amuh yd yeisÍï rgdfõ ia:djr;ajhhs'

fï i|yd fyd| Wodyrkhla ug wo ojfia uf.a w;aoelsïj,ska bosßm;a l< yel' wo

WoEik ud uf.a ßh mojdf.k tk w;f¾§ ug bÈßmiska .uka l< jdykfha isá

uy;d ud¾. ix{d t<sh bosßfha ish jdykh kej;a jQ wjia:dfõoS ysia fnda;,hla

mdrg úis lrkq ug olskakg ,eìk' fuh ug lsisfia;au wkqu; l< fkdyels

ldrKhla jQ neúka uu uf.a ßh kj;d ì£ .sh fnda;,fha len,s tl;= lrkq Tyq

ish jdykfha lKakdäfhka ÿgq w;r" ta wjia:dfõoS fyf;u r:fhka nei ;uka l<

l%shdj .ek uf.ka iudj wheo isáfha uf.ka je/oaola jqkd hkqfjka mjiñks'

17

iuyr úg wms cmdkhg fyda isx.mamQrejg .sh wjia:dj,§ tu rfÜ kS;sÍ;s

ms<smÈñka mßirh wmsßisÿ fkdjk wdldrhg lghq;= lruq' tysoS l=vd lvÞis

lene,a,la jqjo kshñ; l=Kq Ndckhg oeóug wms mßiaiï fjuq' tfy;a

kej; ,xldjg wd ieKskau wmg ta ish,a, wu;l ù hhs' wms kej;;a wf;a we;s

wkjYH lvÞis lene,s mdrg úis lrkakg mgka .ksuq' wdl,amuh yd yeisÍï rgdfõ

fjkila isÿù th ia:djr ;;a;ajhlg m;a úh hq;= hhs ud mejiqfõ tneúks'

isx.mamQrej jeks rgj, fuu wdl,am yd yeisÍï ck Ôú; ;=<g ldjeoS ;sfí' fufia

ud by; i|yka l< ,laIK imqrd .; yels kï ixj¾Ok ls%hdoduh bosßhg f.k

hkq msKsi wmg fjk wvqjla fkdjkq we;' wm ish¿ fokdu tla ù j.lSula we;sj

ls%hd;aul jkafka kï m%cdj uq,alr.;a" m%cdj iyNd.s jk ixj¾Okh ;sridr

ixj¾Okhla f,i bosßhg f.k hdu wmg ÿIalr ld¾hhla fkdjkq we;'

18

wdmÞ l<ukdlrKh m%cduQ,sl ixj¾Okh ;=< m%Odk

m%jdy.; lsÍu


m¾fhaIK iyldr" hQtkaiSwd¾ã wdmÞ l<ukdlrK ie,iqï ysfhdaf.da ld¾hd,h

wo uu uf.a mqoa.,sl w;a±lSula isys lrñka l;djwdrïN lsÍug leue;af;ñ' th

fudrgqfõ Tnf.a w;a±lSï iuÕ jeo.;a iudklï we;s w;a±lSuls' wfma ld¾hd,h jk

hQtkaiSwd¾ã wdmÞ l<ukdlrK ie,iqï ysfhdaf.da ld¾hd,h msysgd we;af;a ud Ôj;a

jk cmdkfha fldafí kï k.rfhah' th úYd, f.dvke.s,s yd fndfyda ckhdf.ka

msreKq k.rhla jk w;r m%Odk;u wka;¾cd;sl jrdhhkaf.ka tlls' tneúka tys

fndfyda fj<| yd ld¾ñl ia:dk nyq,j ;sfí' úYd, úfoaYSh ck.yKhla o iys;

úúO ckm%cdjka Ôj;a fjk úúO fldgiaj,g fnÿkq k.rhla jYfhka fldafí

k.rh ye¢kaúh yel'

1995 ckjdß 17 Þ k.rfha uyd N+ñlïmdjla we;s úh' th ßlag¾ udmlfha 7'2 la

jYfhka igyka jQ úYd, tlla jQ w;r ;;amr 20 la muK mej;sKs' m%:u ;;amr

10 la jQ ld,h ;=,§ k.rfha f.dvkeÕs,s 90] la muK lvd ì| jeáK' ke;s kï úYd,

f,i w,dN ydksj,g ,la úh' wjidkfha fkdfhla fya;= ksid ñksia Ôú; 6430 la

muK ke;s úh' fldafí k.rfha úiQ ish¿u ukqIHhkag fï N+ñlïmdfjka fudkhï

fyda wdldrfha n,mEula isÿ úh'

ñh .sh yeu flfkl=u ñh .sfha iajNdúl N+ñ lïmdfõ iDcq m%;sm,hla jYfhka

fkdjk nj wm u;l ;nd .; hq;=h' kd.ßl mßirfha we;s wêl ck>k;ajh ydks

isÿùug Þhl úh' WÞyrKhla jYfhka hï ksjil jHqyh Yla;su;aj f.dv

kÕd ;snqKo Bg hdno ksfji ta u; lvd jeà Bg ydks isÿ úh' .Eia

Wÿkaj,ska .sks.ekSï isÿ ù ñksiqka tajdg fldgq jQy' lvd jegqKq f.dvkeÕs,s yd

iqkanqka ksid mdrj,a weysreKq w;r ta ksid úm;g m;a ckhd frday,a lrd f.k hdu

yd ukqIHhka yg wjYH jQ foaj,a fnÞ yeÍuo ndOd úh' tla m%foaYhl úiQ úYd, ck

ixLHdjla Tjqkag wjYH jQ foaj,a ,nd .ekSug fkdyelsj uy;a lrorhg m;a jQfha

mdrj,a weysÍ fy,sfldmagrhlaj;a ìug neiSug ;rï bvlvla fidhd .; fkdyels

jQ neúks'

YS% ,xldfõ k.r" kd.ßllrKh jk wêl fõ.h .ek i,lk l,

fudrgqj ;=kajk ;ek .kS' jv jvd;a wêl jk r:jdyk ;onoh yd mÈxÑlrejkaf.a

ixLHdj" ckdlS¾K ckdjdi yd wêl mßir ¥IKh Tn iEu fokdu w;aolsk fohls'

19

Èia;s%la uÜgfuka ixikaokh lrk l, 2001 cd;sl ck ix.Kkhg wkqj fld<U

Èia;%slalfha ck.yKh 2"234289 ls' j¾. lsf,da ógrhlg ck.yKh 3"305ls'

2005 j¾Ifha § fldafí k.rfha ck.yKh 1"521"269 la jk w;r j¾. lsf,da

ógrhlg ck.yKh 2"756 ls' ck ixLHd f,aLk o;a;j, úIu;d we;s kuq;a

ck.yKfha ;;ajh yd tys úmdl ms<sn| uQ,sl woyila wmg

fuu .Kkays,õj,ska ,nd .; yel'

fldafí k.rfha N+ñlïmdjg wm uqyqK fok l, wêl f,i ckdlS¾K jQ yd merKs

yd t;rï fyd¢ka f.dv kÕd fkd;snqKq jHqyhka ksid úYd, ydks yd ;=jd, yd

urKSh úm;a isÿ úh' iqkdñfhka nrm;< myr ,o Y%S ,xldfõ fudrgqj yd .d,a,

jeks wêl ck.yKhla iys; fjr<nv m%foaYj, urKSh úm;a úYd, ixLHdjla isÿ

jQ w;r iúYla;shla" ms<sfj<la" md,khla ke;s f.dvkeÕs,s jHQyhka .ek wuq;=fjka

lsj hq;= ke;'

b;d l=vd m%foaYhla ;=< wêl f,i ;ono jQ ck.yKhla we;s fldafí yd YS% ,xldj

hk folgu iajNdúl jHikhlska mq¿,a ydks yd wysñ ùï isÿ úh' jHikh isÿ jk

fudfydf;a yqfolau tu m%foaYj, úYd, ixLHdjla ckhd issá neúka yd úYd,

ixLHdjla f.dvkeÕs,s ;snQ neúka isÿ jQ ydksh yd wysñùï iqúYd, jQ nj jgyd .ekSu

jeo.;a h' ta wkqj iajNdúl fya;= yd M, fukau iajNdúl fkdjk ñksid úiska we;s

lrk ,o fya;= yd M,o fuys ±l.; yel' tneúka ±ka jHikhlska myr ,en isák

wmg ±ka l< yelafla fudkjdo@ jHik isÿ ùug fmr wfma wdrlaIdj i,id .kq

msKsi wmg l< yelafla fudkjdo@ jHikhla isÿ jk wjia:dfõ wmg l< yelafla

fudkjdo@ ta wkqj jHikj,g we;s wjÞku wvq lr.kakd w;f¾ kd.ßllrKhg

yev .efiñka wmg ixj¾Okh úh yelafla flfiao@

fldafí k.rfha N+ñlïmdfjka wmg lshjqfKa jHikh ish myr t,a, l< úg m,ÞhS

f,i tlsfkldg Woõ lf<a tlsfkldf.au <Õu wi,ajdiSka ck m%cdj njhs' mdrj,aj,

iqkanqka yd ndOdjka ueo fldgq ù isá ;u wi,ajeishka fírd .ekSfï§ jvd;a WmldÍ

jQfõ ,Õu mÈxÑ wi,ajdiSkah' .sks.;a foam, ksjd ±óug" f.j,aj, ysr ù isá

ñksiqka ta f.j,aj,ska msg;g .ekSug hkd§ jYfhka wdOdr lf<a ta ta ia:dkj,u

jdih l< ck m%cdjkauh' kuq;a m%udKj;a ;rug j;=r iemhSu" m%:udOdr fok

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jQ ckhdg wjYH ffoksl wjYH;d id¾:l f,I fnÞ yeÍu I|yd nr hka;%iQ;% yd

úYd, m%jdyk myiqlï wjYH úh' fuu lghq;= fyd¢ka lsÍu;a" m%foaYfha isák iEu

flfkl=u .ek ne,Su;a wmg l,ukdlrKh l< yelafla flfia o@

20

fï mr;rhka msrùug;a" jvd;a id¾:l f,I w¾nqohg m%;spdrh ±laùug;a" jvd;au

jeo.;a mdvï wm bf.k .;af;a wmg meñKs jHikfhks' iQÞkulska f;drj wmg

m%;spdrh ±laùug fkdyel' k.rh ixj¾Okh jkq we;' f.dvkeÕs,s bÈ flfrkq

we;' kuq;a ksis bÈlsÍï l%uj,ska f;drj wê-wjÞkï m%foaYhl tajd Tfrd;a;= §

mj;skq ke;' ;uka wdrlaId jkafka flfiao hkak .ek uQ,sl ±kqu fkdue;sj"

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jvd;au id¾:l f,I wdOdr fnÞyeÍu yd úm;g f.dÿre jQ ish,a,kau .ek fidhd

ne,Su I|yd tlsfkld iuÕ l;d lsßug;a ie,ls,a,g Ndckh l< hq;= lreKq

fudkjd±hs fidhd ne,Sug;a" m%cdj yd wdKavqj hk fomd¾Yajhgu j.lSula ;sfí'

tneúka m%cdfõ idudðlhka" wdKavqj" ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s l<ukdlrejka" tkï

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iu yjq,alrejka úh hq;=h'

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we;'2

wks;a w;g k.r jeishka o ;u wdrlaIdj I,id .; yels ud¾. .ek bf.kSug"

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2 fldafí k.rfha msgqj" Iska k.dgd fldÜGdYh" N+ñlïmdfjka miq h:d ;;ajhg m;a ùfï

jHdmD;sh http://www.city.kobe.jp/cityoffice/33/toti-ku/jl00043.htm

21

olajñka h:d ;;ajhg m;a ùfï ls%hdÞuhg Wmldr lrkq msKsi fldafí k.rhg

meñKqky' fï ksid fndfyda fofkl=g N+ñlïmdjla isÿ jQ l< úYd, kd.ßl

uOHia:dkhl fld;rï úkdYhla isÿ úh yels±hs isheiskau ±l n,d .ekSug yels

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N=ñlïmdj ksid jHik wjia:dj,§ Tjqka uqyqK fok wjÞkïNdjh .ek cmka

jeishkaf.a ±kqj;aNdjh ÈhqKq ;shqKq úh' YS% ,xldfõ o iajNdúl fya;= ksidu

muKla fkdj iQÞkula ke;s ksid o" wúêu;a c,ud¾. l<ukdlrKh ksid o

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wjÞkï .ek yd tu wjÞkï wju lr .ekSug Tjqkag l< yels foaj,a .ek

foaYjHdma; uÜgfuka ie,ls,su;a ùula ;sìh hq;=h'

¶wdmÞ l<ukdlrKh· hk jpkh iDcqju Ndú;d fkdjQjo wfma ffoksl Ôú;fha

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jYfhka ;u m%foaYfha c,h nei hk ud¾. f.dv lrñka ksjdi úYd, ixLHdjla bÈ

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wk;=re hkdÈh we;=,;a jHik .eg¿ úYd, ixLHdjla ms<sn| is;kakg mgka .ekSuls'

wjÞkï fndfyda úg we;s jkafka wm iel fkdis;k ;;ajhka ;=,ska jk w;r tksid

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tlaj lghq;= l< hq;=h'

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fjfyi uykais ù jev lghq;= lsÍu ksid fï rg wk¾> rgla f,I ye¢kaúh yel'

fjk;a jpkj,ska mjikafka kï rgla fY%IaG jkafka;a ;j ÿrg;a Ôj;a ùug hym;a

yd wdrlaId iys; ;ekla njg m;a jkafka;a tu rfÜ ckhdf.a jev lsÍu ksid;a Tjqka

I;= ±kqu ksid;ah' ksis mßos jHik l<ukdlrKhg bvlv I,id fokafka;a" wjÞkï

wju lr,kq ,nkafka;a uyckhd i;= ±kqu yd jHikj,g Tjqkaf.a we;s iqÞku úisks'

m%cd uQ,sl jHik l<ukdlrKfha jeo.;alu yd Yla;sh r|d we;af;a fuysh'

ulaksido h;a iEu ckm%cdjlu fjfik mqreIhka" iaa;S%ka yd <uqkag wÞ< jk

tlsfklg fjkia lreKq yd Tjqkaf.a Yla;su;a wx." ÿ¾j,;d yd wjÞkï

iy.; ;;ajhka mÍlaId lrñka wms jHik wjÞkï jvd;a úia;rd;aulj .fõIKh

fldg n,k neúks'

WÞyrKhla jYfhka YS% ,xldfõ o;a; yd ksÍlaIlhka úiska wmg fmkajd fok

ldrKhla úh yelafla jvd;au úkdYldÍ yd úYd,;u wjÞku iqkdñh njhs' flfia

22

jqjo wm fjkia oDIaáfldaKj,ska yd ñkqïoËqj,ska jHikhka úYaf,aIKh lrk l<

iqkdñh w;sYhskau úkdYldÍ yd uy;a ydks isÿ jQ jHikh úh yels kuq;a

n,mEug ,la jQ ukqIHhkaf.a iïmQ¾K ixLHdj yd isÿùï we;s jk jdr.Kk wkqj

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l<ukdlrK m%uqL;djh úh yel' iuyr m%foaYj, tjeks jHik j<lajd,kq msKsi

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jHik j<lkq msKsi fuu m%foaY iduQyslj mÍlaIKj,g ,la l< hq;=h'

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fuys§ idlÉPd l< hq;= ;j;aa lreKls'

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jQ ;j;a lK.dgqÞhl ;;a;ajhla wmg ±l .; yels úh' tu m%cdfõ Ôj;a jQ jeä

fofkl= YdÍßlj yd udkislj wdndê; wh fj;s' fuu m%cdj ;u Ôjk ;;ajhka jeä

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fldafí k.rfha isÿ jQ N+ñlïmdfõ§ o wms fï yd iudk w;a±lSïj,g uqyqK ÿksuq'

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lrkafka flfiao hkak .ek l,a we;sj I,ld n,ñka lreKq foi ne,Sug lsisfjl=

23

jEhï fldg fkd;snqkq neúks' tneúka wjÞkïj,g ,lajk fï lKavdhïj,g yd

mqoa.,hkag úm;a;s wjia:dfõ§ yd Bg miq fndfyda wudrelïj,g uqyqK mEug

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uqyqK mEug bv ;sfí' tksid wms jHik .ek idlÉPd lrk úg" jHikj,g uqyqK

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ksYaÑ; lKavdhï iuÕ ikaksfõokh lrñka Tjqka iuÕ lghq;= l< hq;=h' túg wm

fukau Tjqkao yÈis wjia:djl§ jHik wjÞkï wvq lr,Sug iQÞkñka isákq we;'

wo fnfyúka tlsfklg fjkia m%cd lKavdhï yd miqìïj,ska meñfKk wh fï jev

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oikdhl uy;d;a wka;¾ls%hdldÍ lKavdhï idlÉPdjdr .Kkdjla fufyhjkq

we;' fuys§ wjÞkï iy.; ;;ajhka yd wk;=reÞhl ;;ajhka" j;alï yd

m%uqL;djh Èh hq;= lreKq y÷kd .ekSu u; mokï jQ iyNd.s;aj ie,iqï lsÍula isÿ

flfrk M,ÞhS jev uq¿jla I|yd woyia Woyia bÈßm;a flfrkq we;' yqjudre

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m%ldY lrñka fuu jev uq¿jg ils%hj iyNd.s jkq we;ehs uu n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjñ'

t;=,ska wmg wdmÞ l<ukdlrKhg yd fudrgqj k.rfha ixj¾Ok ie,iqïj,g

w.kd Þhl;ajhla iemhSug yels jkq we;' ia;+;shs'

24

kd.ßllrKh yd jHik ms<sn| wjÞku

uhqñ hudod úisks

m¾fhaIl" hQtkaiSwd¾ã wdmÞ l,ukdlrK ie,iqï ysfhdfa.da ld¾hd,h

kd.ßllrKh hkqfjka woyia lrkafka yqfolau ld,hla ;siafia kd.ßl ck.yKh

wêl ùu kï ke;fyd;a k.r yd kqjrj,a mq¿,a ùu kï YS% ,xldfõo lsishï m%udKhl

kd.ßllrKhla isÿ fjñka mj;sk nj meyeÈ,sh' 2003 f,dal ck.yK

m%f,dalkhkag wkqj YS% ,xldfõ kd.ßk ck.yKh ms<sn| by<u m%;sY;h mj;skafka

my; I|yka kd.ßluh talrdYs ùï ;=<h'( ^1& fld<U( ^2& .,alsiai( ^3& fudrgqj'

we;a; jYfhkau ±ka fuu jevuq¿j le|jd ;sfnk .,alsiai yd fudrgqj m%foaY

¶kd.ßllrKh yd m%cduQ,sl wdmÞ l<ukdlrKh ̂iSîãtï&· hk f;audj .fõIKh

lsÍug fyd|u ia:dk fõ' flfia jqjo ¶kd.ßllrKh· muKla fkdj ¶uyckhdf.a

wjÞkï o· úfõpkd;aul úYaf,aIKhg md;% úh hq;af;a fndfyda úg uyckhd kd.ßl

m%foaYj, Ôj;a jkafka jHikj,g uqyqK §ug iQÞkula fkdue;sj neúks' fõ' tjeks

¶kd.ßl wjÞkï· yd ¶uyckhdf.a wjÞkï o· fuys§ i|yka lrkq ,nkafka

uf.au w;a±lSï" tkï 1995 § uf.a Wmka k.rh jk fldafí ys isÿ jQ ykaIska ) wjdð

uyd N+ñlïmdfõ u;lhka yd jd¾;djka ;=,sks' kqÿre wkd.;fha§ Y%%S ,xldfõ ckhd

o 2004 bkaÈhdkq id.rfha iqkdñfhka ,o w;a±lSï úYaf,aIKh fldg iudk wdlD;shla

ixj¾Okh lrkq we;'

.%dóh yd kd.ßl Ôjk ;;ajhka tlsfklg fjkia jk w;r ta ksid tajd ixikaokh

lsÍu myiq fkdjk nj meyeÈ,sh' ulaksido h;a wmf.au w;a±lSï yd wmg jdis jk

foaj,a wkqj wmf.a o¾Ylhka fjkia jk neúks' WÞyrKhla .%dóh jeishkag jvd

jeäfhka kd.ßl ck.yKhkag wOHdmkh yd /lshd kshqlaa;sh i|yd wjia:d ;sfnk

neúka wdKavq yd wdOdr fok wdh;k kd.ßl fmfoiaj,g jvd .%dóh ck m%cdjkag

iïm;a jeäfhka fjka lr fokjd úh yel' kuq;a kd.ßl m%foaYj, jeä ck >k;ajh

ksid tys iajNdúl úm;aj,ska úkdY jk fyda ydks ,nk ixLHdjka .%dóh m%foaYj,g

jvd úYd, ùsug mq¿jk' jHik l<ukdlrK ØIaáhlska n,k l," fkdlvjd isÿ jk

kd.ßllrKh yd jHik I|yd bv I,iñka úúOdldr f,I me;sr .sh wjÞkï

iy.; ;;ajhka .ek I,ld ne,Sulska f;drj ck m%cdjka ;=, wdrlaId iys;j Ôj;a

ùu yd ;sridr Ôjfkdamdhhka I,id .ekau hkq bIag lr .ekSug ÿIalr jk b,lal

fõ'

¶wmsg keye· ;;ajfha isg ¶wmsg ;sfhkjd· ;;ajh olajd hñka ñksiqkaf.a ;;ajh

fjkia lrjd,k ls%hdÞuhka ud,djla ¶kd.ßllrKh· uÕska ms<sìUq lrhs'

25

kd.ßllrKh ;lafiare lrk ir,;u o¾Ylhla jkafka há;, jHqyh úh yel'

kd.ßllrKh uÕska iqnjd§ mßj¾;k .Kkdjla WÞ lr we;s kuq;a jHik I|yd

iQÞkï ùulska f;drj lD;su foaj,a bÈlrk l, ukqIHhka fndfyda úg

wjÞkïj,g ,;a jk nj I|yka l< hq;=h' h:d¾:h jkafka kd.ßllrKh;a iuÕ

YS% ,xldfõ ckhd uE;§ we;s jQ iqkdñhg wu;rj rgg ks;ru myrla jk

jHik .Kkdjlg ksrdjrKh ù we;s njhs'

^wxl 1 j.=j& jHik uÕska Ôú; wysñ lrjd,k w;r tmuKla fkdj

ukqIHhka ;=jd,lrejka njg m;a fldg f.afÞro ke;s ;;ajhg Tjqka weo ouk nj

I|yka l< hq;=h' ^fojk j.=j&

m<uqjk j.=j( m%Odk;u iajNdúl jHik 10 ^ñh .sh ixLHdj&" YS% ,xldj

jHik j¾.h Èkh ñh.sh ixLHdj

uqyqÿ /,a,$r< bms¨u 26-foieïn¾-2004 35"399

iq<x l+Kdgqj 24-fkdjeïn¾-1978 740

c,.e,Su 30-uehs-1989 325

c,.e,Su 17-uehs-2003 235

iq<x l+Kdgqj 22-foieïn¾-1964 206

iq<x l+Kdgqj 25-foieïn¾-1957 200

kdhhdï 8-Tlaf;dan¾-1993 65

c,.e,Su 25-foieïn¾-1969 62

jix.; fkdjeïn¾-1987 53

c,.e,Su 24-uehs-1984 45

uQ,dY%h( EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED cd;Hka;r jHik o;a; moku

26

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by; I|yka o;a; ̂ j.=j wxl 1 yd j.=j wxl 2& uÕska kd.ßl yd .%dóh fyda ia;%S yd

mqreI ^,sx.sl j¾.SlrKh& ck.yKhka flfrys isÿ jk jHik n,mEï fjka fjka

jYfhka f.k yer ±laùula isÿ fkdjk kuq;a 1995 § ykaIs ) wjdð uyd N+ñlïmdfjka

yd 2004 § bkaÈhdkq id.r iqkdñfhka fmkakqï flreKq mßÈ" iajNdúl jHikhla

kd.ßl miqìula ;=<§ widudkH f,I kdkdx. jYfhka úúOdldr jk nj;a" ixlS¾K

nj;a meyeÈ,s h' iajNdúl jHik kej; kej;;a m%o¾Ykh lrkafka wmf.a

k.r$mqrjr wx. ,laIK fl;rï lD;suo" leã ì£ hk iq¿o" fl;rï wjÞkï iy.;

o hk j. jqjo ^WÞ'jHikhlska miq ±l.; yels uydúYd, iqkanqka" .,a" .fvd,a

f.dvj,a& wjdikdjlg fuka tjeks jákd mdvïj,ska wm bf.k .kakd njla fyda tu

±kqu wmf.a m%fhdackh I|yd mdúÉÑ lrk njla fyda fmfkkafka ke;' jHik

iïnkaOfhka wmf.a fkdie,ls,a, yd kQ.;alu tfiau mj;sk w;r" iajNdúl mßirh

flfrys wm olajk wiqnjd§ p¾hdjka yd wdl,am o È.gu mj;skafka iajNdúl jHik"

ñksid úiska ks¾udKh ;< jHik njg mßj¾;kh lr,Sug Þhl;ajh imhñks'

kd.ßl wjÞkï Woa.; jkafka wmf.a md,khla ke;s Wjukd ixis÷jd .ekSug wm úiska

lrkq ,nk lD;su bÈ lsÍï ksid jk w;r bkamiq wm úiskau ks¾udKh lr .kakd ,o

tjeks ¶kd.ßl wjÞkï· ueo u Èú f.ùug wmg isÿjk nj i;Hhls'

27

ñksid úiska kd.ßl m%foaY ;=< f.dvkeÕs,s" ksjdi" iqmsß fj<|ie,a" iskudy,a" lS%vd

N+ñ" yd úfõlh yd úfkdaoh I|yd myiqlï iys; ia:dk hkdÈfhka iukaú; w;s úYd,

há;, jHQyhka f.dv kÕd ;sfí' kd.ßl m%foaYj, Ôj;a ùug fyda tu m%foaYj, .uka

ìuka lrkq msKsi ckhd tajd lrd we§ t;s' fuu m%foaY fndfyda úg msysgd ;sfnkafka

fudrgqj" fldafí jeks w,xldr uqyqÿnv m%foaYj, jk w;r ixpdrl l¾udka; w;sYhska

j¾Okh fjñka úYd, ckldhla ta lrd weo .kq we;' fï ksid fydag,a" m%jdyk moaO;s

jeks ;j;a myiqlï yd fiajdjka wjYH jkq we;' kuq;a wms fï há;, jHqyhka

ks¾udKh lrkafka wdmÞ l<ukdlrK ie,iqï o we;=<;ajo@ wm fï meñK isákafka

fyda wfma wuq;a;kag meñfKk f,I fï wdrdOkd lrkafka iqrlaIs;

jd;djrKhla ;+,go@ wfma fï m%foaYh Ôj;a ùug wdrlaIdj iys; jHikj,g

m%:HiaÓ;slNdjh we;s m%foaYhlao@ ¶m%cdj iún, .ekaùu yd hym;a md,kh· o wjYH

úh yels" jHik l<ukdlrKh m%cd ixj¾Ok ie,iqï ;=,g taldnoaaO l< yelafla

flfiao hk wfma idlÉPdfõ § fïjd ;SrKd;aul m%Yak fõ' ;jo fudrgqfõ muKla

fkdj fiiq YS% ,xldfõo wkd.;hg wjYH jk m%dfhda.sl o¾Yk r|d mj;skafka" wdmÞ

wjÞkï .ek olajk ie,ls,a," id¾:l f,I ;srir ixj¾Ok m%;sm;a;s" ie,iqï yd jev

igyka ;=<g ifudaOdkh lr .ekSu ;=<h' wm okakd mßÈ jHikhlska miq wmg isÿ jQ

wysñùï .ek wkqiaurKh lsÍu fyda wjHdc f,i wmf.a fYdalh m%ldY lsÍu m%udKj;a

fkdjk w;r jHikj,g iQokï ùu lrd iy ixj¾Okh lrd wm f.k hk

ls%hdud¾.j,g uÕ fmkajk lghq;= o wmg wjYH fõ'

28

m%drïNl lKavdhï idlÉPdj,g fmr uq,sl woyia ±laùu

yd ixj¾Ok lreKq y÷kd .ekSu

ta oikdhl yd ví,sõ' tia' m%kdkaÿ

m%;sm;a;s yd o¾Ykh ie,iqï lsÍu - ye|skaùu wkqr Èidkdhl

fuh l,d;=rlska wmg ,efnk wjia:djls' k.rdêm;s;=ud" ksfhdacH k.rdêm;s;=ud

kd.ßl uka;S%jre yd m%cd ksfhdað;hka o" rdcH wdh;k ks,OdÍkao uqyqKg uqyqK

yuq ù lreKq idlÉPd lsÍug ,efnk wjia:djls' fuu idlÉPdfõ § wm fudrgqj

k.rfha j¾;udk ;;a;ajh yd bÈßfha§ fuu k.rh iïnkaOfhka wm ±lSug

n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk ;;a;ajh .ek miqìï lrf.k lreKq l;dny l< yel' tfukau

fláld,Skj" uOH yd È.=ld,Skj wm oelSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk ;;a;ajhka mokï

lr f.k m%;sm;a;s ilia lrk wdldrh bf.k .ekSuo fuu idlÉPdjg miqìula

fõ' tfukau tu m%;sm;a;s ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd Wmfhda.s lr.; yels

l%fudamdhhka .ek o fuys§ l;d lsÍu jeo.;a fõ' tfukau iyNd.s;aj ixj¾Okfha

m%j¾Okhg WmldÍ jk m%;sm;a;sh l=ula±hs hkak .eko fuu idlÉPdfõ§ l;d ny

l< yel' fuys§ idlÉPd flfrk lreKqj,g wÞ<j ft;sydisl miqìu" uE;

ld,fha ;;a;ajh yd fi!Nd.Hu;a wkd.;hla i|yd wm i;= bÈß ±lau hk

ld,;%hka foi wmg fk;ais;a fhduq l< yel'

fï i|yd WÞyrKhla jYfhka ¨kdj l<mqj ft;sydisl jYfhka i,lk l,

k.rhg fi!kao¾hd;aul yd mdßißl jákdlula f.k ÿka" ëjr jD;a;sfha

fhÿKq ckhdf.a ðjfkdamdh i,id .eksug Wmldr jQ ffcùh mdßißl moaO;shla

úh' tfy;a j¾;udkfha th l¾udka; Yd,dj,ska ksl=;a jk yd fjk;a wmøjH neyer

lrk" mdßißlj ¥IKh jQ u< fyj;a úkdY jQ l<mqjla njg m;a ù ;sfí' tjeks

miqìula ;=< wmg fuu l<mqj ixj¾Okh i|yd we;s lr .; yels bÈß ±lau yd ta

i|yd wm i;=j we;s YlH;djhka ljf¾oehs idlÉPd lsÍu l< yel'

idlÉPdj fufyhùu i|yd uKav,h

k.rdêm;s;=udf.a m%Odk;ajfhka" ksfhdacH k.rdêm;s;=ud" ksjdi wud;HdxYfha

ksfhdacH wOHlaIsld uy;añh" kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßfha kd.ßl ie,iqï lghq;=

Ndr ks<Odß uy;d" cd;sl c, iïmdok uKav,h hgf;a ls%hd;aul jk wm c,

jHdmD;sfha wOHlaIsld uy;añh" ¨qkdj mrsir m%j¾Ok yd m%cd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;sh

wdh;kfha wkqr oikdhl uy;d" ysfhdaf.da mokfï uhqñ uy;añh

29

idlÉPdjg fmr k.rdêm;s;=udf.a woyia ±laùu

fudrgqj k.rh óg wjqreÿ 30-40 lg fmr fndfyda iïm;a m%udKhla ;snQ m%foaYhla'

kuq;a kd.ßllrKh ùu ksid fï jk úg úYd, m%Yak rdYshlg ueÈ fj,d ;sfnk

k.rhla' iqkaor;ajfha ixfla;hla jYfhka w;S;fha mej;s fnd,af.dv .Õ wo

wmsßisÿ c,dYhl ;;a;ajhg m;afj,d' ta kd.ßllrKh ùu ksidhs' ta jf.au

wmsg ;snqKq ;j;a úYd, iïm;la yd fudrgqjg ;snqKq w,xldrhla ;uhs wfma ̈ kdj

l,mqj wo th úYd, jYfhkau wmú;% c,dYhla njg m;a fj,d ;sfnkjd'

ta jf.au óg wjqreÿ 55 lg muK k.rfha mej;s c,k< ud¾. moaO;sh Ndú;d lf<a

mjq,a 7500 la jf.a ixLHdjla úiska' tfy;a tÞ isáh mjq,a ixLHdjg jvd w;s úYd,

mjq,a ixLHdjla wo fudrgqj k.rfha jdih lrkjd' t;rï úYd, ck.yKhla wo

tu k, ud¾. moaO;shu Ndú;d lrk úg we;s jkafka fl;rï

wmyiqÞhl ;;a;ajhlao@ ta jf.au wm Ôj;a jk fï k.r iSudj ;=< úfYaIfhka u

m<d;amd,k wdh;khla jYfhka wmsg ;Èkau n,mdk m%Yakh ;uhs le<s li,

m%Yakh' fï m%Yakh úi£ug kï úYd, jYfhka m%cdjf.a Þhl;ajh Bg wjYH nj uu

ys;kjd' fudlo wms okakjd wfma uyckhd mqreÿ fj,d ;sfnkjd ;ukaf.a

ksjfia ;sfnk lvÞis fld, lE,a,la" ke;skï jrla mdúÉÑ l< hïlsis ma,diaála

fnda;,hla jf.a foaj,a" tla/ia fldg uqo,la njg yrjd .; yels" ke;s kï kej;

j;djla Ndú;d l< yels foaj,a mjd wmøjH f,i úislsÍug' tal wo yefudagu

ysßyerhla jk ;;a;ajhlg m;a ù ;sfnkjd' m%cdj úiskau m%cdfõ mßirhg ydks

isÿ lr .ekSula' ta jf.au fudrgqj m%foaYhg úYd, jYfhka n,mdk

lK.dgqÞhl ;;a;ajhla njg m;a ù ;sfnkjd fï jk úg jir folla msfrk iqkdñ

fÄojdplh' iqkdñfhka fudrgqjg úYd, ;¾ckhla t,a, jqkd' ;ju;a wkd:

l|jqre .;j ðj;a fjk ck;dj wm m%foaYfha isákjd'

ud is;k mßÈ úYd, jYfhka wfma m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re imhd .kak mq¿jka

jk ;ekla ;uhs fï jevuq¿j yryd ks¾udKh fjñka mj;skafka' ta ksid Tnu is;d

ne,sh hq;=hs' m%Yakh l=ulao lshd Tnu y÷kd .; hq;=hs' ms<s;=r o meñKsh hq;af;a

Tnf.au l,amkdj yrydhs' Tnu lrk idlÉPdj ;=<skqhs' ke;s kï m<d;amd,k

wdh;khla jYfhka wms l,amkd fldg bÈßm;a lrk f;dr;=re Tn yeug .e,fmk

ms<s;=rla fkdfjkak mq¿jka' tu ksid jvd;a iqÿiq jkafka m%cdj" rdcH wdh;k" m<d;a

md,k wdh;k hk ish¿u ixúOdkj, ksfhdað;hka jYfhka fudrgqj m%foaYfha

ixj¾Ok jev ms<sfj,g wmg ±laúh yels Þhl;ajh .ek idlÉPd lsÍuhs'

30

bÈßm;a lsÍï

fudrgqj uy k.r iNdfõ ixj¾Ok jHdmD;sj,

j¾;udk ;;ajh


flduidßia"

fudrgqj uy k.r iNdj

iyNd.s;aj ixj¾Okh ms<sn| m%cdfõ w;a±lSï) m%cd

fldka;%d;a

*sis,ska o fu,a

iurfldakaj;a;




fudrgqj uy k.r iNdj

jHdmD;s ixj¾Olhka úiska lrk ,o bÈßm;a lsÍï





tï' à' frdoaß.=

fudrgqj uy k.r iNdj

rxð;a iurisxy

t,a B whs yd iS ã mSS

tï' Ô' ví,sõ tï' lms, .=Kr;ak

iS wd¾ tï' mS

lKavdhï fmdaiag¾ bÈßm;a lsÍï

m<uq jgh

fojk jgh

ñY% lkavdhï

^kd.ßl uka;S%jrekao we;=¿j&

ñY% lkavdhï

lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍï idrdxYh yd wjika woyia

±laùï lKavdhï ksfhdað;hka

tï' hudod

31

fudrgqj uy k.r iNdfõ ixj¾Ok jHdmD;sj, j¾;udk ;;ajh


flduidßia" fudrgqj uy k.r iNdj

fudrgqj uy k.r iNdjls' tfukau ue;sjrK fldÜGdYhlg whs;s m%foaYhla"

m%dfoaYsh f,alï fldÜGdYhla o jYfhkao ie,flk m%foaYhls' taldldÍ N+f.da,Sh

iajNdjhla fkd±Íu fuys úfYaI ,CIKhls'

fudrgqj k.rh y÷kajkq ,nkafka mqfrda.dñ;ajfha k.rh jYfhks' idys;Huh

w¾:fhka n,k l< thska woyia jkafka fudrgqj fmrgqfjka .ukalrk k.rhla

njh' fudrgqj mqrjrh ;=<ska YS% ,xldfõ úsúO lafIa;%j, fiajh lrk fYa%IaG uÜgfï

mqoa.,hka iEfyk ixLHdjla ìys ù ;sfí' YS% ,xldfõ wm ljqre;a fyd¢ka okakd w÷kk

iqm%lg ix.S;{ úYdro mKaä;a wurfoajhka fudrgqfõ jvqld¾ñl mjq,l

ckau,dNh ,enQ fY%aIaG mq;%fhls' tfukau wm rfÜ oCI fgiaÜ l%slÜ l%Svlhska lsysm

fofkl=u fï m%foaYfhka ìys ù isá;s' fufia úúO fCI;%j, fkdfhl=;a

yelshdjka ;sfnk úfYaI mqoa.,hka ìys ù ;sfnk fuu m%foaYfha wkd.;h wm úiska

uekúka ie,iqï l< hq;=j ;sfí' tfukau fudrgqj jvq l¾udka;hg fnfyúka

iqm%isoaO m%foaYhls'

fudrgqj uy k.r iNdj .;a úg tu k.riNdj fjkqfjka 2006 j¾Ih i|yd m%ldY

lr ;sfnk wh jeh mj;ajdf.k hdug k.riNd wd« mk; hgf;aa fudrgqj k.r

iNdjg n,h ,eî we;' ta my; i|yka mrud¾: uq,a lr f.kh' tkï" uyck;djf.a

Y=N isoaêh" iem úyrKh yd myiqj i|yd wjYH jQ hï hï fmdÿ Wmfhda.S;d

fiajdjkaa i|yd iNdj i;= iïm;a ̂ uQ,Huh& m%udKh wkqj tu iïm;a jeh lssÍug;a

k.rfha fjfik uyckhdf.a fmdÿ uyck fi!LH iqnidOkh yd iemúyrKh o

k.rfha ÈhqKqj yd ikSmdrCIdj iy fjk;a myiqlï m%j¾Okh lsÍug;ah' fï

mrud¾: bgq lsÍug fudrgq k.r iNdj ne£ ;sfí'

fudrgqj k.r iNdfõ kd.ßl uka;S%jre 29 fofkl= isá;s' k.rfha úYd,;ajh

fyj;a j¾. m%udKh j¾. lsf,da óg¾ 23'4 ls' kd.ßl fldÜGdY 12 la iukaú;h'

tys .%du fiajd jiï 42 la ;sfí' 41"000 muK jQ mjq,a ixLHdjla ±kg fuu k.rfha

Ôj;a fj;s' k.rfha ck.yKh 1"86"033 la muK fõ' Pkao ysñhka ixLHdj 116448

ls' fmdÿ kdk ia:dk 37 la k.rh ;=< ;sfí' ;drmdrj,a lsf,da óg¾ 1122486 la o

fndr¿ mdrj,a lsf,da óg¾ 3656 la o we;s w;r rchg whs;ss mdie,a 34 la fudrgqfõ

32

we;' m%Odk frday,a tlla o" iskud Yd,d folla o k.r iNdj i;= fj<| fmd,j,a

8 la o Èk fmd<j,a 2 la o" uia lv 14 la o " uyck lS%vdx.k 7 la o" mqia;ld, 8

lao" lshùï Yd,d 2 la o hkd§ jYfhka fmdÿ fiajdjka /ila k.rh ;=< ls%hd;aul

fõ'

wms fï foÈkl jev uq¿fjka miq wfmaCId lrkafka fudrgqj k.riNd n,m%foaYh

fjkqfjka ixj¾Ok ie,eiaula iïmdokh lsÍuhs' fufia k.rfha fmdÿ uyckhdf.a

hym; i|yd ie,eiaula ilia lrk úg uQ,sl jYfhkau u;= lshfjk lreKq .ek

wfma wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=h' tkï" ukqIHhka jYfhka Ôj;a ùug wjYH b;d

hym;a msßisÿ mßirhla .ek' fujeks msßisÿ mßirhla iïnkaOj ie,iqï lsÍfï oS

wm úiska ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= úYd, jev fldgila ;sfí' tajd iuyrla kï

úfYaIfhkau l=Kq li< bj;a lsÍu" li< yd iïnkaO jk fjk;a wmøjH bj;a

lsÍu" uyd ud¾. yd jgd msgdj msßisÿj ;nd .ekSu jeks lreKq fõ' Bg wu;rj

ñksia l%shdldrlï ksidu wmú;%;djhg m;a fjk ia:dk we;s w;r tjeks ia:dk

mú;%j ;nd .ekSug wm úfYaI ie,ls,a,la oelaúh hq;=h' tysoS wmf.a isyshg kef.k

tla lreKla jkafka ¨kdj mßir yd m%cd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;shhs' wo remsh,a

ñ,shk .Kkdjla jeh lrñka 2010 jk úg ksud lsÍug wfmaCIs; fï jHdmD;sh

fufia ls%hd;aul lsÍug isÿjQfha ukqIHhka jYfhka wm úiskau mßirh wmú;%

lr,Su ksidh' wmf.a l%shdlrlï ksidu wo wmú;% ù we;s ¨kdj l,mqfõ wo u;aiH

Ôjhla ke;' tneúka wo fï l,mqj Y=oaO mú;% lr .; hq;af;a o wm úiskauh'

wmf.a fkdie,ls,su;a l%shdldrlï ksid wo remsh,a ñ,shk .Kkla jeh fldg

ta ;;a;ajh we;s lr .; hq;=j ;sfí' wo wms wêIaGdk lr.; hq;=hs tfia remsh,a

ñ,shk .Kkla fyda jeh fldg ixj¾Okh lrk ta c,dYh ta

ixj¾ê; ;;a;ajfhkau mj;ajdf.k hdug' th wdrCId lr .ekSug wm m%uqL;djh

osh hq;=h' fï ;=<ska wmsg Ôj;aùug iqÿiq hym;a mßirhla f.dvkÕd .ekSug wm

n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjuq' ta jf.au os¾> ld,hla ;siafia jvq l¾udka;fhka b;sß jk ,S

l=vq yd fjk;a wmøjH tla ùu ksid mdßißl jYfhka ydks isÿ ù we;s fnd,af.dv .Õ

msßisÿj mj;ajd f.k hdu .ek o wfma wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=j ;sfnkjd' fï lreKq

ksid wfma ie,iqïj,oS fudrgqfõ ckhdg hym;a" Ôj;a ùug iqÿiq mrsirhla we;s

lsÍu i|yd .; hq;== ls%hdoduhkag wmf.a ie,iqïj, uq,a ;ekla osh hq;=j ;sfnkjd'

B<Õg wms uyck fi!LHh .ek fnfyúka ie,ls,su;a úh hq;=h' fi!LH iïmkak

Ôú; ñksiqkag ,nd§u wfma ie,iqïj, m%Odk wx.hla úh hq;=h' th ie,iqï ilia

lrkakkaf.a m%Odk j.lSSula úh hq;=h' ta i|yd ilia l< yels oS¾> ld,Sk yd

fláld,Sk ie,iqï fudkjd±hs lshd wmsg n,kak mq¿jka'

33

wks;a w;HdjYHu ldrKh ;uhs c,h' c,h ke;sj wmg Ôj;a fjkak neye' c,h

ms<sn| l;d lsÍu i|yd ta wÞ, wdh;kj, ks,OdÍka o wo wm iuÕ fuys tla ù isák

neúka wmg ta ms<sn| f;dr;=re úia;r ,nd .; yels jkq we;ehs uu úYajdi lrkjd'

fuysoS wmg wjYH mdkSh c,h .ek muKla fkdj ñksia Ôú; mj;ajd f.k hdug

wjYH wksl=;a lghq;= i|yd o c,h imhd .ekSu wjYH fjkjd' ta ksid ta .ek wfma

ie,eiqïj,oS ie,ls,a, oelaùug isÿ fjkjd'

B<Õg wmsg ksjdi .ek ie,iqï lrkak ;sfnkjd" úfYaIfhka miq.sh iqkdñh ksid

wj;eka jQjka fj; wfma wjOdkh fhduq lsÍug;a Tjqka fjkqfjka blauKska ksjdi

f.dv kÕd §ug;a wm W;aiql úh hq;=hs' Tjqka ;u fi!LHhg wys;lr ;;a;ajhka ueo

tu l|jqrej, b;d ÿIalr Ôú; .; lrk nj wms okakjd' Tjqkag ksjdi ,nd oS tu

l|jqre jid oeóug mshjr .; hq;=hs' iqkdñfhka wj;eka jQjkag muKla fkdj

ksjdi wysñ fiiq ckhdgo ksjdi ,nd oSug wms ie,iqï l< hq;=hs' fï wkqj ksjdi

m%Yakh úi£ugo wmg hï hï l%shd ud¾. .ekSug isÿ fõú'

B<Õg <uqkaf.a wOHdmk lghq;= .ek l;d lsßfïoS wms ikaf;daIfhka lsj hq;=

lreKla ;sfnkjd' j¾;udk md,l mCIh n,hg m;a ù b;du flá ld,hla ;=< §"

tkï i;s folla jeks ld,hla ;=<§ fmr mdie,a md,ssldjkag yd iydh md,sldjkag

rcfha iaÓr m;aùï ,nd oSuhs' fï wh jir 10-12 jeks ld,hla ;siafia b;du;au iq¿

oSukdjlghs fiajh lf<a' wo Tjqka iaÓr rdcH fiaúldjka njg m;a ù isákjd' fï

ksid tu fmr mdi,a Ndrj isák md,sldjkag wmsg hï hï j.lSï Ndr §ug o

mq¿jkalu ,eî ;sfnkjd' fudlo wOHdmkh .ek l:d lroa§ <ufhl=g

uQ,slj ,efnk fmr mdie,a wOHdmkh b;d jeo.;a' ufkda úoHd{hka mjik yeáhg

fï jhfiaoS tkï jhi wjqreÿ 5 g fmr ;uhs¨ <ufhl=f.a fud<fha 90] la muK

j¾Okhla we;s jkafka' ta ksid wms <ore wOHdmkhg uq,a ;ekla osh hq;=uhs' ula ksido

fï fmr mdie,a ld,h ;=< § orejkaf.a ukig we;=¿ fjk foaj,aj,ska ;uhs wkd.;

mqrjeishka ìys jkafka' hym;a mqrjeishka f,i iudcfha Ôj;aùug yels jk fia

Tjqka l%udkql+,j jefvkafka fï jhfiaoS Tjqkaf.a Ôú;hg we;=¿ jk foaj,a moku

lr .ksñka' ta ksid wfma ie,iqïj,oS fï fmr mdi,a wOHdmk lghq;=j,g

m%uqL;ajhla Èh hq;=hs' ta fjkqfjka o wm hï hï l%shdud¾. .; hq;=h'

wjidk jYfhka ud f;dard .ka ldrKh jkafka úfõlh yd úfkdaodiajdoh i|yd

wmg iduqyslj l< yels foaj,a .ek ie,iqï lsÍuhs' udkislj yd YdÍßlj wm

úvdjg m;a jq l, wmg iykh ,nd .ekSu i|yd" úfõl .; yels"

úfkdaodiajdohla ,eìh yels ia:dk wjYH fjkjd' ta i|yd fudrgqfõ oekg we;af;a

tjeks fmdÿ ia:dk iq¿ ixLHdjla muKhs' mqfrda.dñ;ajfha k.rh .ek i|yka

34

lrk úg ud l%slÜ l%Svlhska .ek i|yka l<d' l,la l%slÜ ;rÕ i|yd Ndú;d l<

fudrgqfõ fidhsid l%Svd msáh wo ta i|yd iqÿiq ;;a;ajhl keye' tksid k.rdêm;s

yd ksfhdacH k.rdêm;s;=udf.a Wmfoia u; lS%vd weu;s ;=ud iuÕ tla ù tu tu l%Svd

msáh cd;Hka;r uÜgfï l%Svd msáhla njg m;a lsÍug wms úê úOdk fhdodf.k

hkjd' ta yer úfkdaoh i|yd fnd,af.dv .fÕa fndaÜgq meoSfï myiqlï iys;

ia:dkhla o" uqyqÿ fjr< wdY%s;j <ud l%Svd WoHdkhla yd fjk;a myiqlï o

ixj¾Okh lsÍug wms n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkjd' ;uqkakdkafia,d ie,eiaula ilia

lsÍfï oS fï ldrKd ish,a,gu wjOdkh fhduq lrkq we;ehs wm n,dfmdfrd;a;=

fjkjd'

35

iyNd.s;aj ixj¾Okh ms<sn| m%cdfõ w;a±lSï

) m%cd fldka;%d;a

*sis,ska o fu,a ^ta' oikdhlf.a woyia ±laùïo we;=¿j&

m%cd kdhsld" iurfldakaj;a;" fudrgqj k.r iNdj

iurfldakaj;af;a ixj¾Okh isÿ fjk wdldrh .ek m%cd weiska lreKq oelaùula-tu m%cdfõ

ldka;djla úisks'

fnd,af.dv .Õg wdikakj msysá iurfldakaj;a; kï bvug uu mÈxÑhg wdfõ 1984

oS' ta weú;a udi 2 la hkakg u;af;ka wmg úYd, .x j;=rla wdjd' ta wjia:dfõ mjq,a

66 la mÈxÑ fj,d ysáhd' ta wh tlal uu k.r iNd ld¾hd,hg;a" Èidm;s

ld¾hd,hg;a .shd' wm uqyqK oS isák .xj;=r ;¾ckh .ek ta ks,OdÍkag meyeÈ,s

l<du wmg Tjqkaf.a fkduiqre iyfhda.h ,enqKd' tu ks,Odß uy;ajre wmg úh<ss

i,dl ,nd .ekSfï l%uhla yo,d ÿkakd' ta ld,iSudj ;=< tfia .xj;=r wd yeu

j;djlu jdf.a wmg tfia úh<s i,dl ,enqKd' k.r iNdfõ rKisxy uy;d wmg

fndfyda iyfhda.h ÿkakd' Bg miqj tjlg isá k.rdêm;s;=udf.a iyfhda.h we;sj

wms m%cd ixj¾Ok iñ;shla msysgqjd .;a;d' ta m%cd ixj¾Ok iñ;sfhka fndfyda ÿrg

isÿ jqfka wÞ, ia:dkj,g .syska wfma ÿla .ekú,s lshkak mgka .ekSuhs'

wmg hkak tkak mdrla ;snqfka keye' úYd, uv j.=rej, ;uhs wms fï f.j,a

yÞf.k Ôj;a jqfka' wmg úÿ,sh ;snqfka keye' c, myiqlï ;snqfka keye' fi!LH

myiqlï ;snqfka keye' wms lsisu flfkl=f.a wjirhla ke;sj fï bvfï mÈxÑ jqk

ksid wmg wjYH myiqlï ilia lr .ekSfï oS wmg fndfyda ÿIalr;dj,g uqyqK

fokak isÿjqkd' wmsg hkak tkak ;snqfKa wä folla muK m<, kshrla ú;rhs' k.r

iNdfõ yd osidm;s ld¾hd,fha ks,Odß uy;ajre wmg hdu tau i|yd wä y;rla

muK m<, mdrj,a mia lmd ou,d ilia lr,d ÿkakd' ta jf.au úÿ,s lKq 8 la m%Odk

mdrg ,nd ÿkakd'

wms kej; kej;;a tla tla ks,Odß uy;ajre ,Õg hñka wmf.a ÿla .ekú,s lshd

mdñka wmf.a wjYH;d bIag lr .;a;d' fï ld, jljdkqfõ§ wmg fkdfhl=;a Wmldr

lrkak chsld wdh;kh bÈßm;a jqkd' ta wdh;kh uÕska wmf.a k.rh Ndrj

lghq;= l< fhdIsod uy;auhd wmg fndfyda Woõ Wmldr l<d' tjlg uu ;uhs wfma

iñ;sfha iNdm;s jYfhka lghq;= lf<a' wfma mosxÑ bvu jk iurfldaka j;a;

ixj¾Okh i|yd Woõ Wmldr ,nd .ekSu i|yd t;=ud wms;a iuÕ iEu ia:dkhlgu

36

hkak tkak mgka .;a;d' B<Õg t;=udf.a fiajd ld, jljdkqj bjr jqkd' t;=udg

kej;;a ;ukaf. rg n,d hkak isoaOjqkd'

B<Õg ta fjkqjg ;ldhs lshk uy;auhd wdjd' iurfldaka j;a;g t;=ud;a wmg úYd,

fiajhla lr<d ÿkakd' iurfldaka j;af;a me;s ldKqj, j;=r nyskafk

ke;s ;;ajhla ;snqkd' t;=ud k.r iNdj iïnkaO lrf.k ,laI 4la muK úhoï

lr,d ta me;s ldKq wä 500 la muK ÿrg ilia lrkakg lghq;= fhÿjd' kuq;a ta

ldKqq bos lsÍfï oS ta jev lghq;= .ek mÍlaId lr ne,Sug lsisu ks,Odß uy;aufhla

fyda fjk;a lsisu flfkla wdfõ .sfha keye' ta ksid ta fldka;%d;alre wvq m%ñ;shlska

f.dvkeÕs,s øjH fhdod f.k ÿ¾j, uÜgulska ta ldkq ilia l< ksid tajd bß;e,Sug

mgka .;a;d' hlv lïì fkdfhdod" wvq .,a je,s m%udKhla fhdÞf.k tfia ilia l<

ksid úkdY fjñka ;sfnk ta ldkq osyd n,d f.k bkak neßlug uu ta .ek l;d

lrkak kej;;a k.r iNdjgu .shd' tys oS rKisxy uy;auhdg l:d lr,d uu

lsõjd uy;a;hd fï ldKq yo,d ;sfhkjd jerÈhs' j;=r nyskafka keye' álla weú;a

n,kak lsh,d' t;=ud;a weú;a ne¨jd' wms lshk l;dj we;a; nj ta whg;a fmkqKd'

kuq;a ta jk úg Tjqkag;a ta .ek l, yels fohla ;snqfKa keye' oeka ta me;s ldKq

tfyuu ;sì,d" ±ka mdr;a tlalu iïnkaO fj,d leä,d ì¢,d .syska wmg ta jefvka

lsisu m%fhdackhla .kak ,enqfka keye'

B<Õg biairy ;sfnk ldKqj .ek wms ±kqï §ula l<d' t;ek ;snqfka fmd,a

fldgkaj,ska yomq md,ula' ta md,u lvd ì| Þ,d ta fjkqjg fldkal%SÜ ,E,a,la Þ,d

wmg yo,d ÿkakd' ta wdldrhg yeÿj;a ta fõ,a, oeka my<g

neye,d .xj;=r ;¾ckh ;sfnk ld,hg talg Wäka j;=r .,k ksid .xj;=r

ld,hg wmsg wmyiqhs' ±ka wmsg ta fõ,a, álla Wiai,d yÞ.kak wjYHj ;sfnkjd'

B<Õg ta ;ldYd uy;auhd wms ldka;djka 85 la ú;r tl;= lr,d ldka;d iñ;shla

yod .kak wmg Wmldr l<d' ta ldka;d iñ;sh yryd t;=ud wmg Kh jev igykla

bÈßm;a l<d' t;=ud ,xldfjka msg;aj hk f;lau wfma fuu iñ;sh yryd wms fï

Kh jev igyk mj;ajd f.k .shd' kuq;a t;=ud ;u fiajd ld,h

wjidkfha ,xldfjka msg;aj .shdg miqj ta jev igyk lvdlmam,a fj,d ke;a;gu

ke;sfj,d .shd' fï ld,fhaoS ms<shkao< udkj ysñlï moku kñka rdcH fkdjk

ixúOdkhlska ,ika; .=Kr;ak lshk uy;auhd" t;=ud fldfydu wdjdo lshkak ux

okafk kE fldfydu yß wfma j;a;g weú;a ud tlal l:d l<d' wms ta uy;auhd" k.r

iNdjg;a" m,d;a md,k ks<OdÍka fj;g;a bÈßm;a lr,d fï .ek idlÉPd lr,d

ta uy;auhd uq,a fj,d wmg ixúOdkhla yod .kak Woõ l<d ldka;d iñ;shla

jYfhka ta iñ;sh kï ±kg;a mj;ajdf.k hkjd' ta ;=<ska ±kg Kh §fï jev

37

igyka lrkjd' fkdfhl=;a fi!LH jev igykq;a lrkjd'

wmsg l=Kq Þkak ;ekla ;snqfka keye' fu;=ud k.r iNdj;a tlal idlÉPd lr,d

fldïfmdaiaÜ fmdfydr ner,a 135 la wmsg ,nd § ;sfnkjd' B<Õg wmsg

m%cdYd,djla ;snqfka keye' ta m%cdYd,dj yÞ .ekSu i|yd ,CI 4 lg bvula wrf.k

ta m%cd Yd,dj ;Ügq 2 l f.dvkeÕs,a,la jYfhka yokak ie,iqï lr,d ;sfnkjd'

fufyu ;sfhk ld,mßÉfþohl chsld wdh;kfha iqiqñ uy;añh wfma j;a;g wdjd'

weú,a,d wfma wvqmdvq fydhd ne¨jd' wms t;=ñhg lsõjd wfma ldkq moaO;sh ilid

fokak lsh,d' t;=ñh fï .ek k.r iNdj;a iuÕ idlÉPd lr,d bka miq t;=ñhf.a

b,a,Su mßÈ kd.ßl ckdjdi m%j¾Okh kñka jev igykla Èh;a lrkak rKisxy

uy;d;a" fiõjkaos uy;añh;a meñKshd' tfia meñK kej;;a wfma m%cd ixj¾Ok

iñ;sh m%;sixialrKh lr,d ±ka ta iñ;sh ud¾.fhka m%Odk ldkq moaO;sh ilia

lrkak lghq;= l<d'

kd.ßl ckdjdi m%j¾Ok jev igyk ̂ hQtiawhsmS&

tu ldKqq moaaO;sfha Nd.hla yo,d

kj;a;,d ;sfhkjd' b;sß ál yokak;a

fu;=ñh .súiqula w;aika l<d' m%cd

ixj¾Ok iñ;shg" fï lghq;af;a oS ;u

m%cd odhl;ajh jYfhka tl f.orlska

re 500$-la ne.ska fokak isÿ jqkd' ta

úoshg wms iñ;sh fjkqfjka nexl=fõ

uqo,la ;ekam;a l<d' ta uqo, ;ekam;a

l<dg miafia m<uqjk wÈhrg remsh,a

1"85449 l uqo,la k.r iNdj oekqj;aj wfma m%cd ixj¾Ok iñ;shg ,enqkd' ta

uqo,ska ;uhs ±kg uy ldKqfjka Nd.hla ;rï ÿrg jev wjika lr,d ;sfhkafka'

fojk .súiqu;a wms w;aika l<d' ta .súiqug wkqj wmsg remsh,a 4"07384 ,eî ;sfnkjd'

ta uqo,;a wrf.k ;j;a ldKq moaO;shla ms<ssilr lr,d wjidkhs'

B<Õg ;=kajk .súiqu w;aika l<d fï <ÕÈ' talg ;ju uqo,a w;g ,enqfka keye'

38

50"7571la ,eîug ;sfnkjd' wfma ixj¾Ok iñ;sfha m%cd odhl;ajh jYfhka

m<uqjk .súiqu w;aika lroaÈ re' 5000$- la wms nexl=fõ ;ekam;a l<d' fojk .súiqu

w;aika lsÍfï oS remsh,a 3000 la ;ekam;a l<d' ta ;ekam;a lsÍfï§ ;uhs wmsg bos

lsÍï i|yd uqo,a ,enqfka' thska remsh,a 30"000'00 ú;r uqo,la b;sß fj,d

nexl=fõ ;ekam;aj ;sfnkjd' fï ldKqj wmg yßhdldrj ;kd .kak ,enqfka m%cdj

ÿka iyfhda.s;djh ksihs' Tjqkaf.a iydh fkd,enqkd kï" wms fï jevh uq,a j;dfõ

jf.a fldka;%d;alrejkag ÿkakd kï wmg fuh yßhdldrj lr.kak ,efnkafka

keye' tu ksid bÈßfhaÈ;a iEu jev igykl§u iñ;sh ud¾.fhka m%cdjf.a iydh

wrf.k jev lghq;= lrk tl ;uhs wfma n,dfmdfrd;a;=j'

ta jf.au fï fudfydf;a uu b,a,kak leu;shs fï bvïj, whs;sh wmg ,nd fok

f,ig' wjqreÿ 22 la ;siafia uu;a fï bvfï mÈxÑj bkakjd' wms fï bvfï ixj¾Okh

i|yd fudkjd l<;a wmg fï bvïj,g lsisu kS;suh whs;shla keye' wms fuys mÈxÑ

ù bkakjd muKhs' uq,ska mjq,a 66 la muKhs mosxÑj isáfha' ±ka bkakjd mjq,a 265

la' mjq,a ixLHdj 265 la olajd jeä fjkak fya;=j ;uhs fï bvfï w¿f;ka ksjdi

yokak tk uyckhd bka j<lajd,Sug lsisu flfkla ke;s ùu' k.rrCIs;h i|yd

fjka lr ;sfnk .x bjqf¾ mjd ±ka f.j,a 125 la ú;r ;sfnkjd' tfia ñksiqka f.j,a

yeoSu kj;ajkak flfkla keye' ta ñksiqkag;a bkak ;ekla kE' ta ksid l=Kq .Õg

ou,d" .Õ álla f.dv lr,d f.j,a yokjd' fï l%uh ksid wmsg;a ±ka bvla

ke;s ;;ajhlg m;afj,d' uu lshkak leu;shs ta úoshg l=Kq ou,d .Õ f.dv lrk

tl fudk l%uhlska fyda kj;ajkak lsh,d' ta jf.au bvï iïnkaO

mejreï ;sfnkafka f.j,a 80 lg jf.a muKhs' wksla whg tjeks mejreï

Tmamqjlaj;a keye' tu ksid uu Tn ;=uka,df.ka b,a,kjd fï bvïj, bkak whg

tu bvï whs;sh ,nd fok f,i'

…………………………………………………..

uu ys;kjd wms fu;ek fï jHdmD;s .ek lreKq bÈßm;a lrkafka wehs lshk

tl .ek o wms l,amkd l< hq;=hs lshd' wms" wfma fudrgqj m%foaYfha l%shd;aul lrk

jHdmD;s ms<sn| wjfndaOhla we;slr .; hq;=hs' kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßh i;=j

fudrgqj k.rhg iïnkaO ixj¾Ok ie,iqï ;sfnkjd' k.r iNdj i;=j tjeks

kd.ßl ixj¾Ok ie,iqï ;sfnkjd' ta jf.au fï m%foaYfha ksjdi ixj¾Ok

wêldßh" c,iïmdok uKav,h" úÿ,sn, uKav,h" úÿ,s iud.u ta iu.u fjk;a

rdcH wdh;k;a" rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk;a tajdg iïnkaOj fjr< l<ukdlrK

jHdmD;sh" ld¾ñl wmøjH ms<sn| jHdmD;sh jeks ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s rdYshl=;a

l%shd;aul fjkjd'

39

wm isák n, m%foaYfha fufia úúO wdldrfha ixj¾Ok jevigyka l%shd;aul jk

úg wms tajd .ek wjfndaOhla ,nd .; hq;=hs' fudkjdo fï jev igyka" fldfyduo"

fïjd l%shd;aul fjkafka" fldhs fldhs ixúOdk o fï jev igykaj,g iïnkaOj

lghq;= lrkafka" tu jHdmD;s tllg tlla iïnkaO fjkafka flfyduo@ tfyu

iïnkaOlula ke;s jev igyka fudkjdo@ tjeks iïnkaO;d ke;s kï tajd we;s

lr .kafka flfiao@ tu jHdmD;sj, Wmßu m, m%fhdackh ta ta

m%cdjkag ,ndfokafka fldfyduo@ wmg fï oekqu ke;s kï fudrgqj k.rhg iïm;a

talrdYs lr .ekSu .eg¿jla fjkjd'

40

;srir ixj¾Okfha§ fudrgqj uy k.r iNdfõ N+ñldj

ms<sn| fláfhka lreKq ±laùula


fudrgqj uy k.r iNdj

;srir k.r ixj¾Ok jev igyk hgf;a fudrgqj k.r iNdj ls%hd;aul ù we;s wdldrh .ek

ixlaIsma;j lreKq oelaùula'

fuh tlai;a cd;Skaf.a udkj ckdjdi fldñiu yd tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixj¾Ok jev

igyk iuÕ taldnoaO ù fudrgqj k.r iNd m%foaYh ;=< ls%hd;aul lrk jev

igykla' fuys m%Odk;u mrud¾:h hym;a md,khla we;s lsÍuhs' m%dfoaYSh md,kh

i|yd l<ukdlrKhg iyh ùu;a fuys ;j;a mrud¾:hla' ta w;r fkdfhl=;a

fomd¾;fïka;= w;r iïnkaêlrKh lsÍu i|yd iyfhda.h ,nd oSuo fï jev

igyk hgf;a isÿ flf¾' ta wkqj fkdfhl=;a fomd¾;fïka;= úiska fjk

fjku .kakd ;SrK tla fõosldjlg f.keú;a idlÉPdjg Ndckh fldg jvd;au

iqÿiq wdldrhg" tlsfklg mgyeKs fkdjk f,i tu fhdackd l%shd;aul lsÍug

jEhï lsÍu isÿ flfrkjd' tfukau k.r ixj¾Okh i|yd m%cd

iyNd.s;ajh ,nd .ekSu;a fuu jev igyfka tla wruqKla fjkjd'

hy l<ukdlrKh i|yd m%cdjf.a iyNd.s;ajh ,nd .ekSu'

fuys§ úfYaIfhkau I|yka l< hq;= lreKla jkafka ksjdi yd m%cd ixj¾Ok lñgqj"

Yla;su;a uÜgfuka udislj mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd fuu ;srir k.r ixj¾Ok jev

igyk uÕska iyfhda.h ,nd fok njhs'

ó<Õg uyk.r iNdfõ .eg¿" m%uqL;djh wkqj y÷kd f.k tajdg ms<shï fh§ug

iyh ùu fï jev igyk hgf;a isÿ jk fohla' kd.ßl uka;%Sjrekaf.a m%dfoaYSh

wjYH;d y÷kd .ekSu" tu m%cdjf.a woyia ,nd .ekSu yd rcfha ks,OdÍka w;r

oekqj;aNdjhla we;s lsÍu' fuys§ udihlg jrla lñgq jYfhka /iaùu ;=,ska

m%uqL;djh wkqj ie,lss,a, olajñka jvd;a iqÿiq jHdmD;s ls%hd;aul lsÍug lghq;=

lr,d ;sfhkjd'

fï hgf;a ls%hd;aul l< hq;= l=vd kshdul jHdmD;s folla wm úiska y÷kd .kakd ,os'

tlla fldïfmdaiaÜ fmdfydr n÷ka 500 la Ndú;dj i|yd jQ jHdmD;shla' wks;a

41

jHdmD;sh kï Ôj jdhq tallhla we;s lsÍu i|ydhs' fï jHdmD;s fol i|yd fï jev

igyk hgf;a wdOdr ,nd ÿkakd' fï jHdmD;s fol i|yd ;SrKhlg t<ôfha

lKavdhï jYfhka idlÉPd meje;aùfuka wk;=rej >K wmøjH l<ukdlrKh

m%uqL;djhla jYfhka y÷kd .ekSfuka miqjh' fï fldïfmdaiaÜ fmdfydr n÷ka

jHdmD;sh uÕska isÿ lrkakg n,dfmfrd;a;= jQfha tfia >K wmøjH l<ukdlrkh

ioyd ksjeishka Wkkaÿ lsÍuhs' fï jHdmD;sh wfma fï bvu fldÜGdYh ;=< fyd¢ka

l%shd;aul lrkak yels jqkd'

fojk jHdmD;shla yeáhg Ôj jdhq tallhla we;s lsÍu i|yd wm W;aidy lf,uq'

tys§ wm lf<a" fj<|fmdf,a tl;= fjk bj; ouk t<j¿ yd wmøjH fjk;a ;eklg

tla/ia fldg hka;%dkqidrfhka l=vd lene,sj,g m;a fldg thska bmofjk óf;aka

jdhqj Ndú;d lrñka úÿ,s n,h ckkh lsÍfï jHdmD;shla we;s lsÍug jEhula

oeÍuhs' fuh wmf.a wid¾:l jQ jHdmD;shla f,i y÷kajd osh yel' ula ksido h;a

k.r iNd n, m%foaYh ;=< fuh l%shd;aul lsÍug wm W;aidy l< o fï .ek

uyck;dj ;=< ;snQ wkjfndaOh ksid wm fuh ia:dms; lsÍug jEhï oerE iEu

ia:dkhloSu uy ckhd Bg úreoaO jQy' tneúka wjidkfha fuh k.r iNd ld¾hd,

N+ñh ;=,u ls%hd;aul lsÍug wm lghq;= l< o mßirh iïnkaO j we;s jqkq .eg¿

ksid Ôj jdhq tallh tu N+ñfha o msysgqùug wmg fkdyels úh'

bka miq mj;ajk ,o lKavdhï idlÉPdj, m%;sm,hla jYfhka k.r iNd N+ñfha

wdo¾Y jeis c, l<ukdlrk jHdmD;shla msysgqùug wms ks.ukh lf,uq' thska wm

n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka k.riNd f.dvke.s,sj, jy,g jefgk j¾Id c,h

tla ;eklg /ia fldg tu c,h kej; wfma c, wjYH;d i|yd k< uÕska fnÞ

yeÍuh' úfYaIfhka u fuysoS wfma mdkSh c, wjYH;dj,g jvd k.r iNdfõ

fjk;a ffoksl wjYH;d i|yd tkï jeisls<sj,g" u,a.iaj,g yd jdyk fia§u jeks

lghq;= i|yd wjYH c,h ,nd .ekSfï wdo¾Y jHdmD;shla f,i m%foaYhg fuh

m%o¾Ykh lsßu wruqKq lr f.k fuh ie,iqï lr ;sfí' kuq;a ;ju;a wmg fuh

l%shd;aul lsÍfï ;;a;ajhg meñkSug fkdyels ù ;sfí' tfia jqjo wms fuh weröug

W;aidy oruq'

42

;srir ixj¾Okfha§ fudrgqj uy k.r iNdfõ N+ñldj

ms<sn| fláfhka lreKq ±laùula


fudrgqj uy k.r iNdj

ixj¾Ok ks,Odßks frdoaß.= uy;añh úiska fudrgqj k.rh ms<sn| lrk ,o

bosßm;a lsÍu

fudrgqj k.r iNdj niakdysr m<d;g wh;a m,d;a md,k iNdjls'

fudrgqj k.riNd n, m%foaYh ;=< úYaj úoHd,hlao msysgd ;sfí'

fudrgqj uy k.r iNd n, m%foaYh ngysrska uqyqÈkao" kef.kysr" .sksfldK yd

ol=Kq os.ska fnd,af.dv c,dYh yd mdkÿr .Õska o" W;=frka foysj," .,alsiai uy

k.r iNd iSudfjka o fjkaj msysgd ;sfí'

ck.yKh ms<sn| úia;rd;aul ixLHd f,aLkhla 2001 ix.Kkhg wkqj"

ck.yKh yd ksjdi ms<sn| ixLHd f,aLk 2001

.%du fiajl fldÜGdYhg wkqj ck.yKh yd ia;%S mqreINdjh

.%du fiajl fldÜGdY

wxlh yd ku tl;=j ia;%S mqreINdjh jhi wjqreÿj,ska

ck.yKh mqreI ia;%S 18g wvq

18 yd Bg

jeä

fld<U Èia;s%lalh-fudrgqj 2251274 1151413 1099861 589857 1661417

m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdYh 177563 87313 90250 48773 128790

547 – wÕ=<dk W;=r 3,832 1,958 1,874 1,231 2,601

548 – l,afouq,a, 4,927 2,335 2,592 1,132 3,795

548A – fidhsidmqr W;=r 4,483 2,070 2,413 1,054 3,429

548B – fidhsidmqr ol=K 3,286 1,552 1,734 787 2,499

548C – oyïmqr 3,284 1,436 1,848 725 2,559

549B – f;<j< W;=r 5,560 2,670 2,890 1,230 4,330

549A – fndremk 6,952 3,433 3,519 1,627 5,325

549 – f;<j< ol=K 3,634 1,769 1,865 764 2,870

550A - ,Ìm;sh W;=r 5,436 2,432 3,004 1,152 4,284

550B – uOHu ,Ìm;sh 2,951 1,446 1,505 833 2,118

43

547A –wÕ=<dk ol=K 3,441 1,742 1,699 1,149 2,292

552A – Whk ol=K 4,306 2,129 2,177 1,109 3,197

552B – Whk W;=r 3,789 1,875 1,914 1,175 2,614

557B – rdj;dj;a; ol=K 2,212 1,009 1,203 570 1,642

557 – rdj;dj;a; kef.kysr 4,469 2,108 2,361 1,138 3,331

550 - ,Ìm;sh ol=K 5,728 2,693 3,035 1,528 4,200

551B – l=vqjuq,a, 3,080 1,517 1,563 791 2,289

551 – lgqneoao 10,186 5,328 4,858 2,282 7,904

551A – fuda,afm 6,215 3,135 3,080 1,646 4,569

551C – fudrgquq,a, W;=r 3,409 1,731 1,678 983 2,426

558A – lv,dk 3,591 1,752 1,839 955 2,636

557A – rdj;dj;a; ngysr 3,764 1,815 1,949 887 2,877

552 – bvu 3,285 1,617 1,668 707 2,578

553C – Wiaj;a; 2,580 1,174 1,406 825 1,755

553 – fudrgqje,a, ol=K 4,770 2,344 2,426 1,247 3,523

559 – b¢neoao ngysr 4,099 2,052 2,047 1,258 2,841

558 – fudrgquq,a, kef.kysr 4,158 2,113 2,045 1,267 2,891

558B – fudrgquq,a, ngysr 3,498 1,770 1,728 1,022 2,476

560/6 – ú,af,dardj;a;

ngysr 3,651 1,889 1,762 1,088 2,563

560/6 – ú,af,dardj;a;

kef.kysr 4,286 2,178 2,108 1,285 3,001

559A – b|sneoao kef.kysr 3,554 1,768 1,786 1,134 2,420

553A –fudrgquq,a, W;=r 2,937 1,569 1,368 681 2,256

553B – fudrgquq,a, ngysr 2,703 1,358 1,345 900 1,803

554 – fldr<je,a, W;=r 5,831 2,835 2,996 1,827 4,004

554B – fldr<je,a,

kef.kysr 2,214 1,092 1,122 606 1,608

554C – fldr<je,a, ngysr 3,938 1,972 1,966 1,298 2,640

554A – fldr<je,a, ol=K 4,064 2,022 2,042 1,278 2,786

555 – lgql=rekao W;=r 4,040 1,970 2,070 1,276 2,764

555A – lgql=rekao ol=K 4,906 2,401 2,505 1,545 3,361

556 – tf.dvWhk W;=r 5,114 2,541 2,573 1,617 3,497

556A – uOHu tf.dv Whk 3,294 1,702 1,592 991 2,303

556B – tf.dvWhk ol=K 6,106 3,011 3,095 2,173 3,933

44

ck.ykh .%du fiajd jiï wkqj

fudrgqfjys .%dufiajd ks,Odß jiï 42 la we;s w;r fuys ck.yKh uqtz 1"77"190

la muK jk nj 2001 ck ix.Kkh wkqj jd¾;d ù ;sfí'

ck.yk j¾Ok wkqmd;h

ix.Kk j¾Ih uq:z ck.yKh jd¾Isl j¾Ok fõ.h

1946 50698 2'18

1953 60215 2'84

1963 77333 3'06

1971 96668 4'08

1981 135610 3'03

1990 172606 3'12

2001 177190 2'59

ck >K;ajh

N+ñ m%udKh

ck.K;ajh fylaghd¾

tllg

c, m%foaYho we;=:zj 1972 90'2

c, m%foaYh rys;j

N+ñ m%udKh

1682 105'8

±ka fmkajkafka uq¿ ck.yKfhka fkajdisl ck>K;ajh'

ix.Kk j¾Ih uq¿ ck.yKh

o< fkajdisl ck >K;ajh

fylaghd¾

Y=oaO fkajdisl

ck.K;ajh

1971 30604 13'8 37'3

1981 37554 16'9 45'7

2001 46309 20'9 56'4

;srir k.r ixj¾Ok jevigyfka wdOdrh we;sj wm úiska fudrgqj uQ,sl lrf.k

iyY%l ixj¾Ok b,lal 8 la ilia fldg ;sfí'

45

iyY%l ixj¾Ok b,lal

^1& iSudka;sl ÿ.S nj yd id.skak ÿre lsÍu

ÿ.S nfõ f¾Ldjg my<ska Ôj;ajk m%;sY;h'

Y%S ,xldfõ m%;sY;h 22'7]

niakdysr m<d; 11'5]

fld<U osia;s%lalh 7'6]

fudrgqj n, m%foaYhg wod, f;dr;=re ixLHd fjku .Kkh lr ke;s uq;a fld<U

osia;s%lalh os<s÷ nfõ f¾Ldjg idfmalaIj msysgd we;s ia:dkh wkqj I,ld n,k l,

fudrgqj wh;a jkafka fld<U osia;s%lalhgu neúka fudrgqj m%foaYh ;=, os<s÷Ndjh

my< uÜgul we;ehs is;sh yel'

tfy;a i<ld n,k l< fï fjk úg k.rfha fldÜGdY 10 la ;=< ÿ.S nj ±ä fia

olakg ,efnkjd' bka m%Odk fldÜGdY jkafka

fudrgqje,a, ngysr"

wÕ=,dk ol=K"

lgql=rekao ol=K'

^2& id¾j fN!ñl m%d:ñl wOHdmkhla ,nd .ekSu

o< jYfhka m%d:ñl mdie,aj,g we;=,a ùfï mßudKh" wOHdmkh u;l ;nd .ekSfï

Yla;sh" m%d:ñl wOHdmkh yd idÌr;d mßudKh m%;sY;hla f,i 95] blaujd

we;'

fuysos jhi wjqreÿ 5-14 ;a w;r jhia ldKavfha <uqka i|yd iy;sl f,iska

wOHdmkh ,nd§u wruqKq lrf.k we;' kuq;a tfia tu wOHdmkh ,nkafka 95] l

m%;sY;hls' ta wkqj 5] la muK mdi,a wOHdmk oyrdfjka neyerj isák nj fmfka'

fï <uqka ta wOHdmk oyrdj ;=<g f.k ta fï wNsfhda.h wm bÈßfha mj;S'

fudrgqj uy k.r iNd n, m%foaYh ;=< YsIH ck.yKh m%;sY;hla f,i .;fyd;a

92'63] la muK fjhs' tkï mdie,a hdhq;= jhfia miqjk <uqkaf.ka 92'63] la mdie,a

hk nj bka woyia fõ' ta ixLHd f,aLk j,x.= jkafka n, m%foaYh ;=< mj;akd mdi,a

wkqjh' tfy;a iuyr <uqka k.r iNd n, m%foaYfhka neyer mdie,aj, o

46

wOHdmkh ,n;s' tfia wOHdmkh ,nk <uqkao iuÕ .;a l, YsIH ck.yKh 95'97]

l m%;sY;hla .kS' idr fN!ñl wOHdmk l%uh id¾:l ùug kï 100] lgu tu

whs;sh ,eìh hq;=h' tfy;a wOHdmkh ,eîu i|yd mdie,lg we;=,;a ù isákafka

95'97] m%udKhls' fï wkqj mdie,a fkdhk <uqkaf.a m%;sY;h b;d by<

w.hla .kakd nj tkï ie,lsh hq;= ;rfï <uqka msrsila mdie,a fkdhk njhs'

fuu m%;sY;h by< w.hla .kakd .%du ks,Odrs fldÜGdY jkafka wÕ=,dk" tf.dv

Whk" f;,j, yd fldr<je,a,' fuu m%foaY ksfhdackh lrk kd.ßl uka;%Sjrekag

fuh jeo.;a f;dr;=rla jkq we;'

fudrgqj kd.ßl n, m%foaYfha mdie,a'

rcfha mdie,a 32

YsIH ck.ykh 21842

Wmdê uÜgu olajd wOHdmkh

iïmQ¾K lrk m%;sY;h

1'79]

lsisfia;a mdie,a wOHdmkhla

fkd,nk m%;sY;h

3'27]

idudkH fm< fyda Wiia fm<

wOHdmkh ,nd k;r jk m%;sY;h

38'79]

wOHdmkh .ek i,lk l, fudrgqfõ mj;sk lK.dgqÞhl ;;a;ajhla jkafka 95]

la muK <uqka mdif,a m<uqjk fY%aKshg we;=<;a ù wOHdmkh ,enqj o ta <uqkaf.ka

60] l m%;sY;hla w'fmd'i' ^id'fm& olajd wOHdmkh ,eîug fmr mdie,a yerhk

njhs' fuh fudrgqj ixj¾Ok ie,iqï ilia lsÍfï§ ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= lreKla

jYfhka wms i,luq'

^3& ,sx.sl iudkd;au;djh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu yd jks;djkag Èßhla ,nd§u'

m%d:ñl

wks;a m%foaYhka yd ii|k úg fudrgqj iyd n, m%foaYh ;=, jks;djka ,nd we;s

wOHdmkh by< uÜgul mj;S' fudrgqj iyd n, m%foaYh ;=< m%d:ñl fyj;a wjqreÿ

6-10 w;r .eyeKq <uqkaf.a wOHdmkh .ek I,ld ne¨jfyd;a jhia uÜgu 6-10

w;r;=r § rfÜ wksl=;a ish¨ m<d;aj, uÜgu blaujd we;'

fuu jevuq¿j ixúOdkh lsÍfï§ o kÜiqflda fufkúh ia;%S mqreI iudk

iyNd.s;ajhla we;sj fuh ixúOdkh lsÍug uy;a fjfyila oerE nj mejish hq;=h'

ldka;djkag iudk;ajh ,nd §u kj iyY%l b,lalhla f,i y÷kd f.k ;sfnk nj

47

wm u;l ;nd .; hq;=h'

oaú;shSsssl uÜgfïos ldka;djk wOHdmkhg fm<öfï wkqmd;h 105'3] ls'

tfy;a wjqreÿ 20-24 ;a w;r .eyeKq <uqka Wiia mdie,a wOHdmkh yerhdfï

m%jk;djhla mj;s'

fudrgqj k.r iNdfõ foaYmd,k lghq;= i|yd jks;d iydNd.s;ajh b;d my,

uÜgul mj;s' k.r iNdj os.= ld,hla ;siafiau mqreIdêm;Hh mej;s wdh;khls'

tys jks;d iydNd.s;ajh 3'5] fõ'

^4& odrl urK ixLHdj wvq lsÍu'

fuys § odrl urK f,i y÷kajkafka jhi wjqreÿ 5g wvq orejkaf.a urK

wkqmd;slhhs' tu m%;sY;h fudrgqfõ b;d fyd| ;;a;ajhl mj;skafka hhs mejiSug

mq¿jk'

fudrgqfõ m%;sY;h cd;sl ;,h niakdysr m<d;

1990 31'4

2001 18'9

2005 4'5

13'5 12'2

<ore urK m%;sY;h } 8'3

2004 <ore urK ixLHdj } 22

^k.rfhka neyer frday,aj, isÿjq urK ixLHdj fuhg we;=,;a fkdfõ'&

^5& ud;D fi!LHh ms<sn| j¾Okh

ud;D fi!LHh ms<sn| i,ld n,k úg 2002 iÔj ore Wm;a 2640 lg ud;D urK

jd¾;d ù ;sfnkafka 1 ls' ud;D urK wkqmd;h 3'8 b;d wvq m%;sY;hls' fi!LHh

me;af;ka wmf.a k.riNd n, m%foaYh hym;a uÜgul ;sfnk nj wmg mejish yels

jk w;r ud;D mCIh i;= úIh oekqu ud;D urK wvq ùug fya;= ù ;sfí' tfukau

Wmia:dhlhkaf.a yd fi!LH fiajd ks<OdÍkaf.a ksmqK;djh o kd.ßl n,

m%foaYh ;=< fi!LH uÜgu Wiia wdldrhg mj;ajdf.k hdug Wmldrhla ù ;sfí'

^6& tÉ' whs' ù' taâia" uef,aßhdj yd wfkl=;a frda. u¾Okh

fï iïnkaOfhka wmg o;a; ,nd.ekSu wmyiqh' tneúka wmg fuys ±laùug yels ù

we;af;a fudrgqj uy k.r iNd n, m%foaYh ;=< Ndú;d lrk mjq,a ie,iqï l%u

Ndú;h ms<sn| m%;sY;hla muKs'

48

fudrgqj uy k.r iNd n, m%foaYh ;=, mjq,a ie,iqï l%u Ndú;h

wxl l%uh mßyrKh lrkakkaf.a ixLHdj m%;sY;h

1 Wm;a md,k fldmq 1239 7'12

2 tkak;a 2057 11'82

3 Rings 1408 8'09

4 kslafIamK 4460 25'63

5 No plant 321 1'84

6 t,a' wd¾' à' 3780 21'77

7 jdfila;ñ 150 0'85

8 iajNdúl mjqq,a ie,iqï l%u 2154 12'40

9 ie,iqï lsÍu wjYH kuq;a lsisu

l%uhla Ndú;d fkdflf¾'

1823 10'48

17392 100

laIh frda.h jd¾;d ùï fudrgqj uy k.r iNd n, m%foaYh ;=< by< m%;sY;hla

olajk nj fmfka'

jd¾;d jQ Ìh frda.Skaf.a ixLHd

uyck fi!LH

mÍlaIK wxYh

frda.Ska ixLHdj

2002 2003 2004 2005

fidhsidmqr 03 12 16 14

lgqneoao 05 18 05 03

fudrgquq,a, 09 16 12 06

fudrgqj k.rh 08 18 14 09

fldr<je,a, 12 20 18 22

37 84 65 54

^7& mdrsißluh w.h ;yjqre lsÍu

kd.ßl mßirh úúO wNsfhda.d;aul úúO .eg¿j,g uqyqK oS we;' fudrgqj uy

k.r iNd iSudj ;=< msysá jk wdjrK mßY%h fï jk úg iïmQ¾Kfhka fy<s

fmfy<s lr ñksia l%shdldrlï I|yd fhdÞ f.k we;s w;r j.=re ìï muKla b;=re

ù we;' ±ka wm m%foaYfha ysia bvula fidhd .ekSu b;d wiSsre lreKls' úfõl iqjh

yd l%Svd.dr myiqlï i|yd fjka lr ;sfnk N+ñ m%udK m%;sY;h 10'65 la fõ' th

lsisfia;a m%udKj;a fkdfõ'

49

2003 jif¾ fudrgq k.r iNd n, m%foaYh ;=< N+ñ mßfNdack rgdj

mßfNdackh N+ñm%udKh m%;sY;h ]

mosxÑh 1126'0 57'1

jdKscuh 52'6 2'7

l¾udka; 85'2 4'3

oej mokï lr.;a

l¾udka;h

32'9 1'7

wdh;ksl 136'2 6'9

lS%vd iy úfkdaodiajdoh 12'9 0'7

wd.ñl 27'2 1'4

iqidkN+ñ 3'8 0'2

lDIsld¾ñl N+ñ 292 1'5

uydud¾. yd fjkalsÍï 103'4 5'2

j.=reìï 33'5 1'7

újD; N+ñ 16'9 0'9

uqyqÿ fjr< 21'5 1'0

c, ud¾. 290'5 14'7

tl;=j 1972'0 100'00

kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßh uÕska fhdað; wu;r újD; m%foaY

wx.h ixLHdj N+ñ jHdma;sh fylaghd¾

újD; l%Svd msá 23 9'65

my< uÜgfï idudkH WoHdk 04 5'70

kd.ßl WoHdk 01 7'00

leaner WoHdk 119'0

uqyqoq ;Srh 60'0

iajNdúl WoHdk 5'0

Wm tl;=j 206'35

±kg mj;sk újD; m%foaY yd fmdÿ

WoHdk

38'2

uq:z tl;=j 244'55

50

mdkSh c, Ndú;h

uQ,dY% ksjdi ixLHdj jd¾;d ù we;s m%;sY;h

1' m%Odk c, iemhqï ud¾.h

1'1 mßY%hka ;=< 28001

1'2 mßY%hkaf.ka msg; 9861

m%Odk c, iemhqï ud¾.h 37862 93'29

2' wdrÌs; <sx

2'1 mßY%hka ;=< 1403

2'2 mßY%hkaf.ka msg; 353

wdrÌs; <sx iïmQ¾K

ixLHdj

1758 4'33

3' wkdrÌs; <sx 102 4'33

4' k< <sx 775 1'91

5' fjk;a ̂ gexls" .x.d jeks & 88

0'22

jd¾;d fkdjqKq 699

ksjdi tall uq:z tl;=j 41282

uy k.r iNd iSudj ;=< ±kg mj;sk jeisls,s myiqlï

ksjdi tall jd¾;d ù we;s m%;sY;h

ksjdij, Ndú;h I|ydu muKla 29896 73'47

;sfnk jeisls<s fjk;a ksjdi iuÕ

fmdÿfõ Ndú;h

5511 13'55

;ukag jeisls<shla fkdue;sj fjk;a

ksjdihla iuÕ fmdÿfõ Ndú;h

3401 8'36

fmdÿ uyck jeisls,s 1377 3'38

jeisls,s Ndú;d fkdlrk wh 504 1'24

jd¾;d.; uq¿ ixLHdj 40689 100'00

jd¾;d fkdjQ ixLHdj 593

iïmQ¾K ksjdi ixLHdj 41282

51

uy k.r iNd iSudj ;=< mdúÉÑ lrk jeisls,s j¾.

j¾. ksjdi .Kk m%;sY;h

c,uqøs; 32991 81'45

pour flush 6092 15'04

j< 583 1'43

fjk;a 336 0'83

jeisls,s Ndú;d fkdlrk

^újD; m%foaY Ndú;h&

504 1'25

tl;=j 40506 100'00

jd¾;d fkdjq .Kk 776

ksjdi j, uq:zz tl;=j 41282

8' ixj¾Okh i|yd f.da,Sh yjq,aldß;ajhka jeäoshqKq lsÍu

fu;k§ jhi wjqreÿ 15-24 w;r ;reKhka /lshdj, fh§fï m%;sY;h

1996 - 31'6 ls'

2000 - 27'9 ls'

jhi wjqreÿ 15-24 w;r jq fhdjqka ck;d m%;sY;h'

jHjidh$mßmd,k osia;%slalh mqreI ia;S%

1996 2002 1996 2002

YS% ,dxlsl jHjidh 26'2 23'8 40'3 134'6

kd.ßl 29'1 24'0 38'1 28'2

.%dóh 25'3 23'8 40'1 35'1

niakdysr m<d; 31'8 27'7 29'7 23'6

fld<U osia;%slalh 27'6 26'5 26'7 23'2

fudrgqj uy k.r iNd n, m%foaYfhys iuia: ú/lshd m%;sY;h

jhia

ldKavh

jhi 10 iy

Bg jeä

ck.y

Kh uq¨

tl;=j

150725

wd¾Ól jYfhka

wl%shYS,s

ck.yKh#

78614

wd¾Ól jYfhka

ls%hdYS,s

ck.yKh

21014

/lshdj,

fhÿKq

67312

/lshd

úhqla;s

3702

m%;sY;h

5'21

fï o;a; bÈßm;a lr we;af;a iyY%Sh ixj¾Okh b,lal hgf;a jk w;r

ie,iqï ilia lsÍfï § fï o;a; m%fhdackhg .ekSug yels fj;ehs wm

úYajdi lruq'

52


rxð;a iurisxy

t,aBwhs yd iSãmS

¨qkdj mrsir m%j¾Ok yd m%cd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;sh

fuh fudrgqj m%foaYfha wdrïN lrk ,o úYd, jHdmD;shls' fuu jHdmD;sh isoq

flfrkafka kkd.rsl ixj¾Ok yd c, iïmdok wud;HxYh uÕsks'

fï jHdmD;sfhka fudrgqj yd r;au,dk m%dfoaYsh f,alï fldÜGdY folla wdjrKh

jk w;r ta m%foaYj, mjq,a 18"000 la fï jHdmD;sfhka wdjrKh lsÍug

n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ'

jHdmD;s m%foaYhg wh;a N+ñ m%udKfha c, fmdaIs; m%foaYh j¾. lsf,da óg¾ 6'94 ls'

fï N+ñ m%udKh ¨kdj W;=r m%foaYfhka j¾. lsf,da óg¾ 3'53 la o ¨kdj ol=K

m%foaYfhka j¾. lsf,da óg¾ 3'41 la o fõ' N+ñfha Wi uqyqÿ uÜgfuka by< óg¾ 1

isg 6 olajd fõ'

fï m%foaYfha jd¾Isl j¾Idm;kh ñ,sóg¾ 2400 ls' mj;sk ;;ajh ksid c, .e,Sfuka

Wjÿrg ,lajk ck.yKh mjq,a 18"000 ls'

l,mqfõ j¾.M,h fylaghd¾ 40 la j mej;s nj lshefjk w;r wkjirfhka l,mqj

f.dv lr we;s j¾;udk ;;ajh wkqj th fylaghd¾ 20 la njg m;a ù we;s nj woyia

fõ' c, uÜgu uqyqÿ uÜgfï isg ñg¾ 0'5ls'

¨kdj c, fmdaIs; m%foaYfha j¾;udk iajNdjh i,lk l, th wÔú l,mqjls'

l,mqj wl%sh ù we;s w;r tksid l,mqjgo ta wjg Èú f.jk ckhdgo hk

fomd¾Yajhgu fuh mdßißl jYfhka mßydkshg ,la jq m%foaYhls'

wjqreoaolg jdr 4 isg 6 la muK olajd ks;H c,.e,Sï isÿ fõ' fï c, .e,Sï uÕska

mjq,a 18"000 l ck.ykhlg n,mEï we;s fõ' j;=r tl;= ùfuka yd c,h wmú;%

ùfuka fi!LHhg wys;lr mßirhla f.dvkeÕS ;sfí' fufia ù we;af;a miq .sh

wjqreÿ 30l ld,hla ;=< l¾udka;Yd,dj,ska yd m%foaYh ;=< Ôj;a jk ck;dj úiska

jeisls<s" W!refldgq" yd fjk;a ia:dkj,ska wmú;% øjH we, ud¾.j,g yd l,mqjg

53

neyer lsßu ksidh' l,mqj yd wjg ñksiqka úiska l=Kq li< oud crdjdi lsÍu ksid

ñksiqkag wjg Ôj;a ùug fkdyels mßirhla ks¾udKh ù ;sfí'

fuu jHdmD;sfha wruqKq

c,.e,Sfïz Wjÿr wju lsrSu

fi!LH ;;a;ajh jeä oshqKq lsrSu

c, .e,Sfuka Wmøjj,g m;a jk wvq wdodhï,dNS ck;djf.a Ôjk uÜgu Wiia lsÍu

;;ddÌÌKKssll yydd uuddkkjj iixxjj¾¾OOkk hhkkqqffjjkkaa jjHHddmmDD;;ssffhhaa mm%%OOddkk WWmmddxx..

jj¾¾.. ffoollllss''

;dÌKsl Wmdx.

jeis c,h nei hdfï ldKq moaO;;sh jeäoshqKq lsrSu

fudah lg ixj¾Okh lsÍu

l,mqj jgd mdrla boslsÍu

udkj ixj¾Ok Wmdx.

wvq myiqlï we;s ckdjdi jeä oshqKqlsÍu

we, ud¾. yd l,mqj wjg mosxÑ mosxÑlrejka kej; mosxÑ lsÍu

jeis c,h msgdr .e,Sfï iajNdjh

jeis c,h msgdr .e,Sug fya;= jkafka" ̈ kdj l,mqfõ c, uÜgu by< keÕSu" mj;akd

ldkq moaO;sfha Odß;dj m%udKj;a fkdùu" mj;akd ldKq moaO;sfha wl%uj;a Ndjh

yd th ksis f,i kv;a;= fkdlsÍuh' iuyr ldKq m%Odk we, ud¾.hg l%udkql+,j

iïnkaO lr fkd;sîu jeis c,h msgdr .e,Sug ;j;a fya;=jls'

uQ,sl ie,iqfuys ixl,am

wvq Odß;djla we;s ldKqq jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu

±kg we;s ldKqq moaO;sh yels muK Wmßu uÜgfuka m%fhdackhg .ekSu

N+ uÜgfï fjkialï ksid c,h /iajk ;eka kj ldKq moaO;s uÕska m%Odk we,

ud¾.hg iïnkaO lsÍu

mdr fomi ldKq bos lsÍu

l,mqfõ c, uÜgu my; uÜgul r|jd ;eîu I|yd ms<shï fhoSu

bosl< ldKq moaO;sh kv;a;= lsrSug msúiqï ud¾. ieliSu

54

jHdmD;sfha wx.

1' ixj¾Okh lrkq ,nk we, ud¾.

m%Odk" oaú;shsl yd ;D;shsl hkqfjka f;j¾.hl we, ud¾. ms<silr lsÍu isÿ

flf¾' tfia mss<silr flfrk we, ud¾.j, Èf.ys iïmQ¾K tl;=j ls'ó' 73'93' tajd

fjka fjka jYfhka my; I|yka wdldr fõ'

m%Odk we, ud¾. - ls'ó 6'41

oaú;Shsl we, ud¾. - ls'ó' 8'12

;D;Shsl we, ud¾. - ls'ó' 59' 4

2' wfmaCIs; m%Odk bÈlsÍï

m%Odk yd oaú;Shsl we, ud¾. ls' ó' 2'9

m%Odk yd oaú;Shsl újD; fldkalS%Ü ldKq ls'ó' 11'6

m%Odk yd oaú;Shsl y;/ia fndalal= 64 ls'

^;D;shsl& jeiau iys; fldkalS%Ü ldKq lsó 21'9

^;D;shsl& me;s ldKq ls'ó' 37'5ls'

md,ï 8la kej; ieoSu isÿ flf¾'

>k óg¾ 70"000 la muK yEÍï m%udKhla isÿ flf¾'

l,mqj jgd ls'ó' 4'4 l mdrla idokq we;' l,mqj jgd óg¾ 6 l mdrla uyckhdg

mdßißl wdiajdohla ,eîug yels mdrla njg m;a flfrkq we;'

3' fudah lfgys tl;=jk je,s wvq lsßu ;=,ska fudah lg wLKavj weÍ mej;Su I|yd lghq;= lrkq ,efí'

fï I|yd fudah lfgys we;s je,s mrh leãu isÿ flf¾' fï je,s mrfha Wi uqyqÿ

uÜgfuka óg¾ 1 lg jeä fkdjk fia iEuúgu mj;ajdf.k hEfuka

c,.e,aul ,l=Kq my< jk wjia:dj,oS th lvd uqyqog we,la lemSu isÿ flfrkq

we;' ta i|yd wjYH mia ydrk hka;%hlaa fudrgqj k.r iNdjg oekgu;a imhd we;

4' jHdmD;sh ksid wj;eka jk wh kej; mosxÑ lsÍu i|yd N+ñh ilia lsÍu

tu lghq;= fï jk úg wjika ù ;sfí' tu ckhd yg hym;a" osú f.úh yels

mßirhla iys; ckdjdi y;rla ilia lsÍfï lghq;=" fudrgqfjka ckdjdi 3 la o

r;au,dfkka ckdjdi 1lao hkqfjka oekgu;a isÿ flfrñka mj;sk w;r iuyr mjq,a

±kgu;a tu ckdjdij, mÈxÑ ù wjidkh'

55'' kkvv;;aa;;== llgghhqq;;== II||yydd WWmmllrrKK ,,nndd..eekkSSuu

kkvv;;aa;;== WWmmllrrKK

ññkkqqïï WWmmllrrKK

55

bboossllssÍÍïï yydd kkvv;;aa;;== llgghhqq;;== II||yydd jjddyykk

5


tï' Ô' ví,sõ' tï' lms, .=Kr;ak

iSwd¾tïmS

jHdmD;sfha wruqK

fjr< mßir moaO;shla f,i ¨kdj l,mqj mßirh

;sridr f,i ixj¾Okh lsÍu

jHdmD;sfha u;= oelau

2010 os ¨kdj l,mqj kï ±laula wmg ;sfí' fuh fudrgqfõ ls%hd;aul jk wksl=;a

jHdmD;s yd fudrgqj uy k.r iNdjka iuÕ tla ù ilia lrk ,o 2010 ±laug wkql+,

fõ' wfma wruqK yd ie,iqï bÈßhg f.k hkafka o fï 2010 ±laug wkqj h' ta u;=

±lau my; I|yka mßÈ fõ'

j¾. ls' ó' 6'2 la muK jQ ̈ kdj l,mq c, fmdaIl m%foaYh yd ta wdYs%; fjr< ;Srh

c, .e,Sïj,ska yd mÍir ¥IKfhka f;dr jq l¾udka;" jdKsc yd fkajdisl hk ñY%

N=ñ mßfyda. rgdjlska hq;a" mßirh ms<sn|j jvd;a ixfõos jQ ck.yKhla iys;"

ikSmdrlaIl f,i >K wmøjH yd ld¾ñl wmøjH neyer lsÍu l<ukdlrKh l<d

jq m%foaYhla njg m;a lsÍu'

fylaghd¾ 40la muK jq ¨kdj l,mq fmdaIl m%foaYh úfkdaod;aul m%foaYhla f,i

mjqf,a ish¨qu fokd tla ù" l,mqj jgd úfõlSj isáh yels" uÿre Wjÿßka f;dr"

fi!LH iïmkak Ôú;hlg iqÿiq m%foaYhla njg l,mq mßirh h<s f.dvkeÕSu'

¨kdm mßir m%j¾Ok yd m%cd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;sh;a fï ¨kdj fjr< iïm;a

l<ukdlrK jHdmD;sh;a hk jHdmD;s foflysu N+f.da,Sh jHdmD;s n, m%foaYh

fndfyda ÿrg tl u m%foaYhla fõ''

¨kdj úfYaI l,dm l<ukdlrK m%foaYh

56

¨kdj úfYaIs; l<ukdlrK m%foaYh

m%foaYfha úYd,;ajh- fylaghd¾ 40 ls' uq¿ ck.ykh 85000 ls' ixl%uKsl

ck.yKh 64000 ls' fuu m%foaYh k.r iNd n, m%foaY follg tkï fudrgqj

yd .,alsiai hk k.r iNd n,m%foaY folgu whs;s fõ'

m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdY follg tkï fudrgqjg yd r;au,dkg wh;a jk

m%foaYhls' ±kg fuu l,mq ixj¾Ok m%foaYh ;=< .%dufiajd jiï 19la fudrgqj 15

lao r;au,dk 04 lao hkqfjka we;af;ah' l,mqfõ os. óg¾ 2000 la o l,mqfõ m<,

óg¾ 200-150 la o w;r fõ'

c, uÜgu oYu mfya§ l,mqfõ úYd,;ajh fylafghd¾ 20 ls' c,uÜgu fjkia ùu;a

iuÕ l,mqfõ úYd,;ajfha hï hï fjkialï we;s fõ' kqÿre wkd.;fha§ l,mqfõ

yEÍï lghq;= lsÍfuka miq ñkskafodare fomd¾;fïka;=j iuÕ tl;= ù wmg fuys

úYd,;ajh ksjerÈj mejiSug yels jkq we;'

fuh u< fyj;a wÔù l,mqjla f,I yeÈkajqjo fuys iajNdúl iqkaor;ajh kej;

w;am;a lr .ekSu l< fkdyelalla fkdfõ' ta i|yd wjYH jkafka fufia taldnoaO

jev mss,sfj<la ls%hd;aul lsßuhs'

fuu m%foaYh ;=< y÷kd .;a .eg¿

1'l,mqj yd wjg fjr< ;srh oeä f,i mßir ¥IKhg ,la ùu

l=Kq li, yd l¾udka;j,ska uqodyßk ld¾ñl wmøjH l,mqjg neyer lsÍu'

c,ud¾. yryd l<mqjg wmú;% oE uqodyeÍu' fï ksid l,mqj f.dvùu izsÿ fõ' uÕ

fomi È.gu le<s li< msÍ we;' fufia wmøjH l,mqjg uqodyeÍu we, ud¾.j,g

yd l,mqjg nrm;< ;¾ckhls'

2'l,mqfõ fudah lg jiñka je,s jeáhla bosùu ksid c, yqjudrej ÿ¾j, ùu'

fï ksid l,mqjg talrdYs jk c,h uqyqog tl;= fkdfõ'

wfmalaIs; uÜgu jk 0 § fudah lg uqyqo;a iuÕ iïnkaO úh hq;= kuq;a tfia isÿ

fkdfõ' uÜgu -oYu7 § fudah lg weysÍ mj;S'

3'l,mqj iajNdúlj f.dvùu

c,Odrdj .uka lrkafka bÈßhg ksid'

4' ksrka;r c, .e,Sïj,g ,laùu

ñksiqka l,mqj f.dv fldg wl%uj;a bÈlsÍï fldg we;s ksid we, ud¾. weysÍ ;sfí'

jeisls<s wmøjH l<mqjg uqÞ yeÍu ksid tys khsÜrcka m%;sY;h wêl ù ;sfí' fï

57

ksid l,mqj c,c Ydlj,ska jeiS ;sfí' fï ksid ksrka;r c, .e,Sï isÿ fõ'

5' uqyqÿ Ldokh

wkjirfhka je,s bj;a lsÍu yd fjrf<ka yd wdrlaIl .,ajeáfhka .,a bj;a lsÍu

¨kdj wjg fjr< ;srfha iq,N oiqkla ù ;sfí' ;jo ks;S úfrdaë je,s bj;a lsÍug

tfrys ksis ls%hdud¾. .ekSug ish¨u wxY wfmdfydi;a ù ;sfí' fï ksid wjg m%foaYh

uqyqÿ lEug ,la fõ'

6' l,mqj jid c,c YdL me;sÍu

l,mqj jgd úYd, c,c Ydl jeúu isÿ fõ' c,c Ydl ¨kdj we,o jid f.k

me;sfrk w;r fï ksid l,mqj yeufoiskau c,c Ydl j,ska jeiS hñka mj;S'

7' l,mqjg iajNdúl kejqï c,ksêhla fkdue;slu

l<mqjg c,h imhk iajNdúl kejqï c, moaO;shla fkdue;slu ;j;a m%Yakhls'

Bg m%Odk fya;=jla jkafka fï l<mqj fnd,af.dv .fÕka fjka ù mej;Suhs' óg

fndfyda ld,hlg fmr fld<U - .d¿ mdr bÈ lsÍfuka miq fnd,af.dv .Õ;a iuÕ

l<mqjg lsisu iïnkaOhla ke;' ta w;S;fha § fï l<mqfõ c,h T!Iëh .=Kfhka

hqla;j mej;s nj lshfõ' Bg fya;=j ta ld,fha fnd,af.dv .Õ m%foaYfhka

l,mqjg ,enqKq W,am;a c,h ksid úh hq;=h' kuq;a j¾;udkh jk úg wêl

ck.yKh ksid c,h tkak tkaku wmsßisÿ ù ;sfí'

8' l<mqj f.dvlsÍu yd w;am;a lr.ekSu

j¾I 2002 os lrkq ,enQ lafIa;% wOHhkhg wkqj” l,mqj wjg wkjir f.dvlsÍï yd

boslsÍï 119 la y÷kdf.k ;sfí' ñkqï fomd¾;fïka;=j u.ska 2002-2003 §

lrkq ,enq uekqïj,g wkqj l,mqfjka 18] la ckhd úiska w;am;a lrf.k ;sfnk nj

t<sorõ õ ;sfí' l<mqj jgd mÈxÑ ckhd g whs;s iEu bvï Tmamqjlu I|yka jkafka

Tjqkaf.a bvug ol=fKka fyda kef.kysßka iSudj l<mqj njhs'

9' l,mqjg kS;Hdkqql+, iSudjla fkdue;slu

fï lreK wmg wjfndaO jQfõ wms fï jHdmD;sh weröfuka miqh' l,mqj yd wjg we;s

mqoa.,sl bvï w;r kS;Hdkqql=, iSud y÷kdf.k fkdue;' l,mqj wjg we;s bvï 90]

lau mqoa.,sl bvï fõ' l,mqj iSudj ks¾Kh lsÍfï úêu;a uekqï lghq;= fï

jHdmD;sh wrUk f;la isÿ ù fkd;snqKq ksid l,mqfõ iSudj y÷kd.; fkdyels

ù ;sìK' kuq;a ±ka ta ñkqï lghq;= isÿ fõ'

¨kdj l,mqj wdYs%;j y÷kd.kq ,enq m%Odk .eg¿

58

wm úiska j¾. ;=klg fnÞ ;sfí

tajd kï mdßißl" iudc wd¾Ól yd wdh;ksl$foaYmd,ksl hkqfjks'

¨kdj l,mqj yd wjg fjr< ;Srfha mdßißl .eg¿ my; j.=fõ ±lafõ'

.eg¿ m%;súmdl

oeä mßir ¥IKh ffcj úúO;ajh fkdue;s ùu

fi!LH .eg¿ jeäùu

l,mqj f.dvùu .xj;=r

ffcj úúO;ajh ySkùu”

l,mq fudahlg ÿ¾j, c, yqjudrej mßir ¥IKh by< hdu

u;aiH iïm;a ke;sùu

l,mq ffcù moaO;sh úkdY ùu ëjr lghq;= ke;sùu

lfvd,dk ke;sùu

wfkl=a Ôùka f.a lghq;= weKysàu

l,mqjg iajNdúl c, W;amdokhla

fkdue;slu

c, ¥IKh by< hdu

oeä uqyqÿ Ldokh N+ñh ke;sùu

ëjr f;dgqm, wmyiq;d we;sùu

l,mqj jid YS>% f,i c,c Ydl jHdma;

ùu

l,mqj f.dvùu fõ.j;a ùu

¨kdj l,mqj yd wjg fjr< ;Srfha iudc wd¾Ól .eg¿ my; j.=fõ ±lafõ'

.eg¿ m%;súmdl

l,mqj yd we, ud¾. wkjirfhka

f.dvlsÍu yd w;am;a lr.ekSu

l,mqfõ m%udKh l+vd ùu

wvq wodhï,dNS mjq,aj, ÿ¾j,

ikSmdrlaIl fiajd lghq;=

mßir ¥IKh

ú/lshdj oßø;djh yd wvq iudc wd¾:sl miqìu

fkajdisl ;onoh yd fjr< ;Srfha

me,am;a jHdma;sh

me,am;ajdiSka jHdma; ùu yd wkjir

f.dvke.Sï

59

l,mqj wjg mosxÑ lrejkaf.a wvq oekqu

yd wkjfndaOh

mßirh /l.ekSu ioyd jq jevigyka

ixúOdkh fkdlsÍu

¨kdj l,mqj yd wjg fjr< ;Srfha wdYs%;j mek keÕS we;s wdh;ksl yd

foaYmd,ksl .eg¿ my; j.=fõ ±lafõ'

.eg¿ m%;súmdl

l,mq l<ukdlrKh ioyd jq úfYaIs;

wdh;ksl rduqjla fkdue;s lu

kS;sÍ;s ksis f,i ls%hd;aul fkdùu

wdh;k w;r ukd iïnkaëlrKhla

fkdue;slu

iïm;a kdia;sh yd

jevigykaj, ;sridr Ndjhla fkdue;s

lu

by; I|yka mßÈ j¾. lr.;a .eg¿j,g úi÷u jkafka ¨kdj úfYaIs; m%foaY

l<ukdlrK ie,eiqï ls%hdj,sh y÷kajdoSu yd ls%hd;aul lsÍuhs'

fuu úfYaIs; m%foaY l<ukdlrK jHdmD;sh hkq l=ula o@

fudrgqj m%foaYfha ls%hd;aul jk fiiq jHdmD;s iu. n,k l< fuu jHdmD;sfha we;s

fjkila jkafka fuh È.=ld,Sk ie,iqula lrd hk jHdmD;shla ùuhs'

úfYaIs; m%foaY l<ukdlrK ie,iqï m%fõYh

úfYaI l,dm l,ukdlrK ie,eiau hkq y÷kd.kq ,enQ mrsir moaO;s ;=, mj;sk

fjr< iïm;a l<ukdlrK .eg¿ y÷kd f.k tu m%foaYfha y÷kd.;a

md¾Yajlrejkaf.a mQ¾K iyfhda.h we;sj l<ukdlrK ie,eiaula ilia lsÍuhs'

tfiau foaYSh fukau m%dfoaYSh uÜgfï jevigyka ilia lsÍugo fuu ie,eiau fhda.H

fõ' m%cdj iïnkaO lr .ekSu yd Tjqkaf.a woyia úuiSu l<ukdlrK jevigyka

l%shdjg ke.Sfï§ uq,sl wruqKla fõ'

fuu l<ukdlrK ie,eiau ilia lsÍug cd;sl yd foaYSh uÜgfï wfkHdakH ne£su"

wka;¾ ixúOdk jeä osshqKq lsÍu yd fm!oa.,sl wxYh Bg iïnkaO lr.ekSu

w;HdjYH fõ'

fuys§ fuh úfYaI l,dm l,ukdlrK ie,eiaula f,I ie,lSug fya;= jk jeo.;a

lreKla jkafka fuu l<mqj úúO n, m%foaY" úúO wdh;kj,g whs;s fõ' fuu úúO

wdh;kj, n, iSudjka fjkia ksid l<mqj ms<sn| j.lSu .ekSug tlaa wdh;khla

60

ke;' fï ksid l<mqj ms<sn| j.lSu ±Íug wmg tla wdh;khla wjYH fõ' fuu uq¿

l<mqju tla mßir moaO;shla f,I f.k lghq;= lsÍu wjYH fõ'

jHdmD;s ld,h

2001-2005

^ 2001 wfm%a,a - foieïn¾ olajd&

¨kdj fCIa;% ls%hdldÍ tallh wdrïsN lsÍu ^2001 wfma%,a&

l,mqj yd wjg mdßißl iudcSh yd wd¾:sl o;a; tla/ia lsÍu

¨kdj l,mqj yd wjg m%foaYfha m%cd kdhl;ajh yÿkd .ekSu yd úúO

wdh;k w;r we;s iïnkaO;djh yÿkd.ekSu

¨kdj m%foaYfha ls%hd;aul jq yd ls%hd;aul ùug kshñ; wfkl=;a

jHdmD;ska y÷kd.ekSu

¨kdj l,mq fmdaIl m%foaYfha md¾Yajlrejka y÷kd.ekSu

2002 ckjdß - foieïn¾

¨kdj úfYaI m%foaY l<ukdlrK iïnkaëlrK lñgqj msysgqùu

¨kdj úfYaIs; l<dm l<ukdlrK m%foaYh y÷kd .ekSu

¨kdj l,mqj fmdaIl m%foaYfha ls%hd;aul wfkl=;a jHdmD;s iu.

iïnkaêlrKhla f.dvk.d .ekSu

¨kdj l,mqj iïnkaO fmdÿ o¾Ykh u; mokïj ie,eiqï ilia lsÍu

¨kdj l,mqj mdßiÍl iudcSh yd wd¾:sl .eg¿ yÿkd.ekSu

wmøjH l<ukdlrK wdo¾Y jHdmD;sh wdrïN lsÍu

¨kdj úfYaIs; m%foaY l<uKdlrK m%foaYh y÷kd.ekSu

^2003 ckjdß - foieïn¾&

¨kdj l,mqj yd iïnkaO fjr< mdßißl me;slv ilia lsÍu

mdßißl idudÔh yd wd¾Ól f;dr;=re

ck.yK f;dr;=re

úoHd;aul m¾fhaIK ms<sn| f;dr;=re

¨kdj fjr< iïm;a l<ukdlrK ie,eiau ilia lsÍu

;sridr f,i ixj¾Okh ioyd wjYH ffk;sl miqìu ilia lr.ekSu

¨kdj l,mq fmdaIl m%foaYh ioyd ffk;sl rduqjla ilia lr.ekSu

¨kdj l,mqj os.=ld,Skj ixrlaIKh ioyd wjYH

61

wdh;ksl hka;%Kh y÷kd.ekSu

¨kdj fjr< l,dm l,ukdlrK ls%hdldÍ ie,eiau ilia lsÍu

¨kdj fjr< iïm;a l<ukdlrK jHdmD;sfha

ks¾Kdhlhkag wkqj ls%hdldrlï y÷kd.ekSu fm< .eiau

^2004 ckjdß- foieïn¾&

l,mq iSudjg kS;Hdkql+, iSudj y÷kd.ekSu

>k wmøjH l<ukdlrK ie,eiaula ilia lsÍu yd ls%hd;aul lsÍu ld¾ñl

wmøjH l<ukdlrK ie,eiaula ilia lsÍu

l,mqj iEÍu yd l,mqj jgd mdrla boslsÍu

l,mqj ieÍu yd fudah lg újD; lsÍu ms<sn|j wOHhk jd¾;d yd m¾fhaIK

jd¾;d úYaf,aIKh

fjr< ;Srfha ikSmdrlaIl fiajdjka jeä oshqKq lsÍu ioyd jHdmD;shla

ilia lsÍu yd ls%hd;aul lsÍu

¨kdj l,mq fmdaIl m%foaYfha ld¾ñl wmøjH l<ukdlrK jHdmD;s

fhdackdjla ilia lsÍu yd ls%hd;aul lsÍu

l,mqj iEÍu wdrïN lsÍu

l,mq fudah lg újD; lsÍu

^2005 ckjdß - foieïn¾&

l,mq fudah c,yqjudrej ia:djr lsÍu

l,mqj iEÍu yd frdkauv bj;a lsÍu

l,mqj wjg ikSmdrlaIl fiajd jeäoshqKq lsÍu

m%cd uOHia:dkh ls%hd;aul lsÍu

l,mqj yd wjg fjr< ;Srfha úfkdaodiajdoh ,eìh yels ia:dk we;s lsÍu

l,mq fmdaIl m%foaYfha wvq wdodhï,dNS mjq,a ioyd úl,am wdodhï ud¾.

y÷kajdoSfï jevigyk ls%hd;aul lsÍu

l,mqj fmdaIl m%foaYfha mÍir ÿIK miq úmrï ls%hdj,shla yÿkajdosu

wdh;ksl >k wmøjH l<ukdlrK ls%hdj,sh ieleiSu yd ls%hd;aul lsÍu

¨kdj fjr< iïm;a l<ukdlrK ls%hdldÍ ie,eiau uqz¿ úhou ,laI 1569 ls' fuu

jev igyk m%Odk jYfhka fldgia 6 la hgf;a ls%hd;aul fõ'

1 m%cdj yd ish¿u md¾Yajlrejka iïnkaO lr f.k m%cd iïnkaëlrK

lñgqj ia:dms; lsÍu yd mj;ajd f.k hdu

62

2 m%cdj" wÞ< wdh;k yd wksl=;a ish¿u md¾Yajlrejkaf.af.a wdl,am yd mqreÿ

fjkia lsÍu wruqKq lr.;a" oekqj;a lsÍu yd wOHdmk jevigyka

mj;ajdf.k hdu fï i|yd - remsh,a ,CI 59 la jeh flf¾'

3 ¨kdj úfYaIs; m%foaY l<ukdlrK ie,eiqï ls%hdj,sh" m%;sm;a;s iy

l<ukdlrK l%ufõohka iïnkaOfhka fjr< ixrlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=j

iy wfkl=;a rdcH wdh;k iuÕ noaaO jk m%;sm;a;suh ;SrK i|yd fhduq

lsÍu

4 mßir jdiN+ñ ixrlaIKh yd iïm;a l<ukdlrKh I|yd remsh,a ,CI

40 la jeh flf¾'

5 l,mqj iEÍu yd fudah c, yqjudrej ia:dms; lsÍu - remsh,a ,CI 1100 la

jeh flf¾'

6 iudÔh ixj¾Ok jevigyka ls%hd;aul lsÍu - remsh,a ,CI 370la jeh

flf¾'

63

lKavdhï fmdaiag¾ bÈßm;a lsÍï ) m<uqjk jgh

ñY% lkavdhï

^kd.ßl uka;S%jrekao we;=¿j&

lKavdhï y;ls'

fmdaiag¾ 35 lKavdhï wxl 1 ^m<uqjk bÈßm;alsÍu&

kï(

iuka;s - fldaÜfÜ k.r iNdj

uhsla filsfk - fldaÜfÜ k.r iNdj

yßiapkaø - Y%S ,xld fg,sfldï wdh;kh - r;au,dk

iqð;a - fijK; wdh;kh

Ydka; - ksjdi wud;HdxYh

wkqr - uy k.r iNdj - nÿ,a,

wdkkao - -tu-

fkdnqfkda - -tu-

fmdaiag¾ 36 lKavdhï wxl 1 ^m<uqjk bÈßm;a lsÍu&

fudrgqfõ fM;sydisl ;;a;ajh yd .eg¿

fuhg wjqreÿ 50 g fmr mÈxÑ ck.yKh 50689

kd.ßllrKh u; fudrgqfõ kj ck.yKh - 177"190 ^2001&

,S nvq l¾udka;hg m%isoaO jQ fudrgqj tu l¾udka;fha j¾Okh;a iuÕ ,S l=vq neyer

lsÍu .eg¿jla ùu'

fmr l, isgu le,s li, neyer,Sug kshñ; ia:dkhla yd ie,iqï.; l%uhla fkdue;sùu'

64

mßir wud;HxYfha wkque;sh u; l¾udka; werUqjo wdrïN lsÍfuka miq" miq úmrula

mßir wud;HxYh fkdlsÍu'

ie,iqï lrk ,o jev igyka l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ foaYmd,kh ueÈy;a ùu ;=<ska we;sjk .eg¿'

wkjir bÈ lsÍï fya;=fjka k.rfha iqkaor;ajhg yd ie,iqïlrKhg ndOd meñKùu'

wkjir bÈlsÍï bj;a lsÍu I|yd kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßh ueÈy;a fkdùu'

fnd,af.dv .Õ yd ¨kdj l,mqj f.dv lsÍu ksid .xj;=r ;;a;ajhla yd mdßißl .eg¿

u;=ùu'

wm c,h - jeis c,h nei hEug úêu;a ldKq moaO;shla fkdue;sùu'

fmdaiag¾ 45 lKavdhï wxl 2 ^m<uqjk bÈßm;a lsÍu&

kd.ßl lrKh

ck rel=, ldka;d ixj¾Ok nexl= ix.uh - m%shxld ksYdka;s fukúh

ck rel=, ldka;d ixj¾Ok nexl= ix.uh - ä,aYdks ä,dks fukúh

ck rel=, ldka;d ixj¾Ok nexl= ix.uh - wkq,dj;S uy;añh

ksjdi wud;HdxYh - l=iqud uy;añh

fmdaiag¾ wxl 46 lKavdhï wxl 2 ^m<uqjk bÈßm;a lsÍu&

1' ie,iqï rys; kd.ßllrKh ksid we;s jQ úmdl'

I .%dóh ck;dj k.rhg we§ tau

II fi!LH yd ikSmdrCIl .eg¿

III ksjdi yd Ôjfkdamdh .eg¿

IV mdrißl .eg¿

V wd¾Ól .eg¿

2' iqkdñ Wjÿr ksid we;s jQ kj .eg¿

I ie,iqï rys; bÈlsÍï ^rch iy úúO wdh;k&'

II ksjdi bÈlsÍu i|yd bj;a lrk ,o iqkanqka mßirh ;=< ;sîu ksid mßir

úkdYh'

III l<ukdlrKhla fkdue;s ldKq moaO;s wjysr ùu'

IV jeisls,s moaO;shka ksishdldrj ilia fkdùu'

V m%cdjf.a fi!LH ;;a;ajh my; jeàu'

3' fudrgqj k.rh ie,iqï iy.; k.rhla lsÍu i|yd m%cd Þhl;ajh we;sj l< hq;= fhdackd'

I m%cdj ±kqj;a lsÍfï jev igyka Èh;a lsÍu' ^k.r iNdj" fi!LH

wud;HdxYh" rdcH fkdjk wdh;k" m%cd uQ, ixúOdk&

II wksjd¾h k.r iNd Þhl;ajh wjYHhs'

III m%cdjf.a wjYH;djhka wkqj ie,iqï ilia lsÍu'

65

^ksjdi bÈlsÍï$há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okh lsÍu" wÞ, wud;HdxY iïnkaO lr.ekSu&

IV le,s li, bj;a lsÍu" ^i;s Èk 2 la muK&

V m%;spl%Sh lrk tallhla msysgqùu'

VI u< m%jdyk moaO;sh l%uj;a lsÍu'

VII mdkSh c, myiqlï ,nd §u

VIII ck.ykh jeä m%foaYfha fmdÿ jeisls,s moaO;s ilia lsÍu'

IX mßir ¥IKh wju lsÍu i|yd l¾udka; ysñhka ±kqj;a lsÍu yd mßir

wKmk;a fkdms<smÈkdjqka i|yd ov l%uhla we;s lsÍu'


1' ¨kdj mßsir m%j¾Ok yd m%cd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;sh yd w¾:p¾hd moku'

2' fjr< iïm;a l<ukdlrK jHdmD;sh'

3' chsld iafõÉPd ks,OdÍka'

4' wïmdr iy r;akmqr m%d'f,a'ld' ks,Odßka'

ksYdka; uhd - w¾:p¾hd moku

m%§md È,aydks - ·

T,a.dks ;,amdú, - ^¨kdj mßsir m%j¾Ok yd m%cd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;sh -foysj, .,alsiai

uy k.r iNdj&

u,aldka;s chj¾Ok ^fjr< ixj¾Ok l<ukdlrK jHdmD;sh&

uhsflda fukúh iy wßId fukúh JOCV


1' w;S;fha meje;au

1' iqkaor uqyqÿ ;Srh

2' ¨kdj l,mqj yd ¨kdj we,

3' fnd,af.dv .Õ

4' ck.yk >K;ajh wvqùu$l¾udka;Yd,d wvqlu

^iqkaor mßirhla&

66

2' uE;l§

wmú;% uqyqÿ ;Srh

¨kdj we, yd l,mqj wmú;%ùu

fnd,af.dv .Õ wmú;% ùu'

l¾udka;

1' ckdlS¾K ùu

2' wúêu;a nj ^wkjir bÈlsÍï&

3' mdßißl msßySu

3. wkd.; ±lau

úÈu;a k.r ie,eiaula ;=< ;sridr ixj¾Ok mqrjrhla


wmg l< yels foa'

1' úêu;a ksjdi fhdackd l%u

2' úêu;a mßir l<ukdlrKh

3' m%foaYfha nyq, iïm;a Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka l¾udka; weröu'

WÞ( bj;,k ,S l=vq wdY%s;

4' ëjrhska i|yd úêu;a ie,eiaula'

5' k.rfha ixj¾Ok lghq;= i|yd Yla;su;a m%cd ixúOdk f.dv keÕSu ;=< m%cdjf.a

woyia yd fhdackd ,nd .ekSu'


kkaofiak uhd - N.P.P.O

fiõjkaÈ fukúh - kd.ßl ckdjdi m%j¾Ok jev igyk ^U.S.I.P.&

isis,ska o ue,a - m%cd ixj¾Ok iñ;sh

risld Y%Su;s - udkj ixj¾Ok moku

tÉ'tï' iqiSud - udkj ixj¾Ok moku


m%;sm;a;s yd ±lau ie,iqï lsÍu'

67

fM;sydisl miqìu(

w;S;fha§ fudrgqj k.rh ;=< ñksiqkag Ôj;a ùug iqÿiq hym;a iudc wd¾Ól mßirhla

fndfyda ÿrg mej;sk'

ixj¾Okhg isÿ jQ n,mEï

ck.ykh j¾Okh ùu

l¾udka; Yd,d we;sùu ^,S" weÕ¨ï" ueIska fuda,a" fmd,s;ska"&

ëjr l¾udka;h

há;, myiqlï


fjr< iïm;a l<ukdlrK jHdmD;sh'

rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk jev igyk

ndOdjka

ck.yKh' WÞ(-

iqkdñ jHikh ;=< we;sjQ ;;a;ajhka

wkjir f.dv lsÍu$ bÈlsÍï

wmøjH .eg¿j


±lau

m%cd iyNd.s;ajh iuÕska ish¿ fiajd imhk wdh;k taldnoaO jQ mßir ys;ldó

mqrjrhla 2010

bÈß ±lau

ifudaOdksl jQ iudc jev m%fõYhla

taldnoaO jQ ixj¾Ok ixj¾Ok l%shdj,shla

l%shd;aul lsÍfï hdka;%Khla

m%cdj l;d ùu'

wdl,am fjkia ùula'

m%;sm;a;s ie,iqï l%shd;aul lsÍu'

iyY%fha ixj¾Ok b,lal 8 wruqK wkqj m%uqL;ajh wkqj l%shd;aul lsÍu'

68


tÉ'tia' f*dkafiald - c, iïmdok uKav,h

wd¾'jhs' is,ajd - -tu-

tÉ'à'ta' ohdkkao - ksjdi wêldßh

t,a'fÊ'ã'fla' fukaäia - -tu-

tÉ'tï'fÊ'tï' fyar;a - ¨kdj mßir m%j¾Ok iy m%cd ixj¾Ok jHd(

ikt ;lyIs

Fmdaiag¾ wxl 50 lKavdhï wxl 5 ^m<uqjk bÈßm;a lsÍu&

wkjir bÈlsÍï

w& rCIs;j, bÈlsÍï ^ÿïßh ud¾." l<mq" .Õ" we<&

wd& ksjdi fhdackd l%uj, lrkq ,nk bÈlsÍï

we& rcfha bvïj, bÈlsÍï

.eg¿

1'& fi!LHh .eg¿

2'& m%jdyk .eg¿

3'& c,h iemhSu

4'& úÿ,sh iemhSu

5'& l=Kq li, neyer lsÍu - ksjdi yd l¾udka;

6'& k.r w,xldrh ke;sùu

le,s li, neyer lsÍu

- ksjdi

69

- l¾udka;Yd,d


m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,h

fudrgqj


70

¨kdj l,mqj ixj¾Okh fkdùu u; we;sjk .eg¿

iq¿ j¾Idjl§ mjd .%du ks,OdÍ fldÜGdY 10 la muK c,fhka hgùu'

^ta iEu wjia:djl§u wdmÞ l<ukdlrK wdh;k j,ska iykdOdr ,nd §ug rcfha úYd,

uqo,la jeh ùu'&

fi!LHuh .eg¿

o m%Odk Ôjfkdamdh ud¾.hla fudrgqj ck;djg wysñùu'

o ruKSh mßirh hk ixl,amh wE;g hdu'

o c, wjYH;d fndfyda úg l,mqj ixj¾Okh lsÍfuka imqrd .; yels ùu'

uq,sl frday,l wjYH;djh

wdmÞ wjia:djl§ th fnfyúka n,mdk ksid ;sfnk ¨kdj frday, jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu jeo.;a'

wOHdmk wxYfha mj;sk wvqmdvq

o cd;sl mdie,a fkdue;slu ^u|nj&

o mdie,a j,g <uqka fhduq lsÍu i|yd foudmshkaf.a Wkkaÿjla fkdue;s lu'

o mßir ¥IKh

o wvq wdÞhï,dNS mjq,a ixLHdj jeäùu'

o jvq l¾udka;h ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd l%u fõohla fkdue;s lu'

o wkjir mÈxÑlrejka m%udKh jeäùu'

o wkjir bÈlsÍï m%udKh jeä ùu'

o u;a øjH Ndú;fha jHdma;sh'

^wdndê; mqoa.,hka&

o ck;dj w;r mj;sk wdl,am wvq ÈhqKq uÜgul mej;Su'

o iqkdñ jHikh fya;=fjka we;s ù ;sfnk ksjdi bÈlsÍï we;=¿ úúO m%Yak'


1' ta'tï' l,Hdks

2' ixj;air ksjdi 85

3' tf.dv Whk

4' tluq;= m%cd uq,sl ixúOdkh

71


fudrgqj bÈß ixj¾Ok I|yd idlÉPd l< lreKq

I m%Odk mdrj,a" uxudj;a jeä ÈhKq lsÍu

II wvq wdÞhï ,nk whf.a ksjdi ixj¾Okh lsÍu

III li, l<ukdlrKh lsÍug mqyqKq lsÍu

IV ksfjia j,ska neyer jk c,h nei hk ldKq moaO;s ilia lsÍu'

V u<kd,sld moaO;s ilia lsÍu

VI m%cd Yd,d fkdue;s .ïj,g tu myiqlï ,nd§u'

VII fi!LH myiqlï ,nd §u'

VIII m%cdj wdh;k yd iïnkaOlrKh lsÍu ;=<ska ixj¾Okh jeä lr .ekSu'

IX l=vd orejkag <ud iñ;s we;s lr ta uÕska orejka hyuÕg f.k tau'

fmdaiag¾ wxl 37 - kd.ßl uka;%Sjrekaf.a lKavdhu

^m<uqjk bÈßm;a lsÍu&

fudrgqjg bÈß±laula we;s lsÍu

wdl,amuh fjkila we;s lsÍu

ld¾h uKav, yd uyck ksfhdað;hska

ixjdo f.dv keÕSu - isú,a ixúOdk$mqrjeishka

ndysr md¾Yjhka iuÕ tl;= ù k.r ie,eiaula ks¾udKh lsÍu ̂ ;srir mßir ie,eiaula&

;sfnk iïm;a m%udKhg wkqj ixj¾Okh l< yels foa y÷kdf.k th isÿlsÍu'

kj wdÞhï W;amdok ud¾. y÷kd .ekSu'

lKavdhï fmdaiag¾ bÈßm;a lsÍï ) fojk jgh

ñY% lkavdhï

lKavdhï yhls

72

^fojk bÈßm;a lsÍï&

fmdaiag¾ wxl 22 lKavdhï wxl 1 ^fojk bÈßm;a lsÍu&

1' tÉ'tï' iqiSud fukúh - udkj ixj¾Ok moku

2' ,isld Y%Su;s fukúh - -tu-

3' isis,ska o ue,a uy;añh - m%cd kdhsld ^iurfldaka bvu&

4' fiõjkaÈ .uf.a fukúh- U.S.I.P.

5' ví'tia' úl%uisxy uhd - U.S.I.P.

6' kkaofiak uhd - N.F.P.O.


.eg¿

bvï whs;sh fkdue;sùu

l=Kq li, m%Yakh

úêu;a jeisls,s moaO;s fkdue;slu

wkjir bÈlsÍï

^.Õ bjqr ,S l=vq oud f.dv lsÍu&

úêu;a ldKq moaO;s fkdue;slu'

u;aøjH jHdmdrhla f,i j¾Okh ùu ksid we;sjk .eg¿

fi!LH .eg¿

m%cd uQ, ixúOdk Yla;su;a fkdùu'

wOHdmk uÜgu wvqùu$ wvq jhia újdyh


.eg¿j m%uqL;djhg fya;=j yjq,alrefjda

bvï whs;sh fkdue;s

ùu'

iaÓr ksjila bÈlsÍug

ke.Sug fkdyels ùu'

;sfnk bv m%udKfha

wkjir bÈ lsÍï lsÍu

bvï wdrjq,a we;sùu

uQ,sl myiqlï ,nd .ekSfï

we;s ndOdj'

wdmÞjka we;s jQ wjia:dj,§


.%du ks,OdÍ

ñkskafÞare fomd¾;fïka;=j

k.r iNdj

m%cd uQ, ixúOdkh" ta yd wÞ,

m%cdj'

uydNdrldr fomd¾;fïka;=j

^iurfldaka j;a;'&

73

iyk ,nd .ekSug fkdyels

lu'

fmdaiag¾ 23 lKavdhï wxl 1 ^fojk bÈßm;a lsÍu&

.eg¿j m%uqL;djhg fya;=j yjq,alrejka

wmøjH neyer lr,Sfï úêu;a

jev ms<sfj,la fkdue;slu'

f,v frda. fndaùu

fi!LH .eg¿

we, ud¾.h iy

fnd,af.dv .Õ

wmsßisÿ ùu'

wmøjH bj;a lsÍfï

úêu;a l%uhla

fkdue;s ùu'

ckdjdih wmsßisÿ

ùu k.rfha

w,xldrh

fkdue;sùu'

k.r iNdj

rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk

m%cdj iy m%cd uQ, ixúOdk

úúO fm!oa.,sl wdh;k

wmøjH l<ukdlrKh I|yd

tu m%foaY wdY%s; l%shd;aul

úfYaI wdh;k

fmdaiag¾ wxl 31 -lKavdhï wxl 2 ^fojk bÈßm;a lsßu&

iyNd.s;ajh

1' m%shxld ksYdka;s -ck rel=, ldka;d ixj¾Ok -ch.;a fmfoi -fudrgqj

nexl= ix.uh

74

2' ä,aYdks ä,dks - tu - ue,aú,aj;a; - fudrgqj

3' wkq,dj;S - tu - f;,j, - fudrgqj

4' nkaÿ, ,shkf.a - ckch iñ;sh - ch.;amqr - fudrgqj

5' ud,kS ch,;a - taldnoaO m%cd ixj¾Ok iñ;sh - .,alsiai -

nfvdaúg

6' Wmkkao lreKdisß - tu - .,alsiai - nfvdaúg

fmdaiag¾ wxl 32 - lKavdhï wxl 2 ^fojk bÈßm;a lsßu&

fudrgqj ;=< m%uqL;d Èh hq;= lreKq

1' bvï whs;sh fkdue;slu -

m%cdjg bvï whs;sh ,nd §u'

rch

o k.r iNdj

o kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßh

o ksjdi ixj¾Ok wêldßh

o m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,h

o fjr< ixrCIl fomd¾;fïka;=j

o fjk;a rcfha wdh;k

2' bvï $ksjdi

^iqkdñ Wjÿr ksid we;sjQ&

ckrel=, ldka;d ixj¾Ok nexl= ix.uh

o k.r iNdj - újsO fjk;a wdh;k iïnkaëlrKh


3' c,$úÿ,sh$ikSmdrCIl fiajd$uxudj;a$ldKq moaO;sh we, ud¾.h ilia lsÍu

iEu ksjilgu c,h ,nd §u iïnkaOj - c, iïmdok uKav,h

iEu ksjilgu úÿ,sh ,nd§u iïnkaOj - úÿ,s n, uKav,h

iEu ksjilgu ikSmdrCIl fiajd ,nd§u - k.r iNdj

;dr oud mdrj,a ilia lsÍu úêu;a f,i - m,d;a iNdjg fhduq lr - ud¾. ixj¾Ok

wêldßh

ldKq moaO;s jid wkjir bÈlsÍï we;slsÍu$mßir ydks – k.r iNdj

75

4' le,s li,

m%cdj ±kqj;a lsÍu

o k.r iNdj

o úúO wdh;k

o w;a±lSï ,;a m%cd kdhlhska

5' wd¾Ólh Yla;su;a lsÍu

mqyqKq jev igyka l%shd;aul lsÍu - jks;d lghq;= wud;HdxYh" cd;sl ixj¾Ok mqyqKq

lsÍfï wdêldßh

iajhx /lshd i|yd Kh ,nd§u - rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk" m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,h" ck

rel=, ldka;d ixj¾Ok nexl= ix.uh'

fmdaiag¾ wxl 24 - lKavdhï wxl 3 ^fojk bÈßm;a lsßu &

iyNd.s;ajh

nÿ,a, k.r iNdj'

fldaÜfÜ k.r iNdj

fijK;

76

fudrgqj k.r iNdj

fudrgqj m%cdj ^mqjla.Õ f;dgqm," tluq;= fh!jk iudch&

cmka iafõÉPd fiajd ks,OdßkS $ks,OdÍ


y÷kd.;a .eg¿

>K wmøjH neyer lr,Su'

mßir ¥IKh

wúêu;a bÈlsÍï

m%cdj yd wdh;k w;r ÿria;Ndjh fukau wdh;k wdh;k w;r ÿria:Ndjh

m%cdj-wdh;k" wdh;k-wdh;k w;r ÿria:jh

wdh;k yd m%cdj taldnoaO ù úiÈh hq;= m%Yak y÷kd.kakd ,§' fuu wdh;k j,

Þhl;ajh ,nd .ekSu w;HdjYH ùu'

fuu .eg¿ j,g fya;=(

wld¾hlaIu fiajdjka iemhSu

foaYmd,k u;fNao

m%cdjf.a wjYH;djh wdh;kh ;=<ska wúêu;a f,i ,nd .ekSug mqreÿùu'

fomd¾;fïka;= w;r iyfhda.s;djhla fkdue;slu'

foaYmd,k kdhl;ajh m%cdjg ijka fkd§u'


jd¾Isl wh jeh ieliSfï§ m%cd Þhl;ajh yd fhdackd ,nd fkd.ekSu'

m%cdj ixúOdkh fkdlsÍu

wdh;k Yla;sh yd iïnkaO;d f.dv ke.Su'

77

úi÷ï

by, isg my, olajd ks,OdÍkaf.a wdl,amuh fjkila we;s lsÍu'

1' m%cd jev igyka i|yd ish¿ ks,OdÍka iïnkaO lsÍu'

2' ish¨u ks,OdÍkaf.a rdcldÍ jev ie,eiaug m%cd ixj¾Ok jev we;=,;a lsÍu'

foaYmd,k u;fNao

m%cd jevlghq;= j,§ foaYmd,kh fkdie,lSu'

m%cdjf.a wjYH;d wdh;kh ;=<ska wúêu;a f,i ,nd.ekSug mqreÿ ùu'

1' kS;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu

2' m%cdjf.a Yla;sh n,.ekaùu'

3' m%cdj ±kqj;a lsÍu'

WÞyrK( f;dr;=re w;afmd;'


fomd¾;fïka;= w;r iyfhda.s;djla fkdue;slu

1' m%cdjf.a iñ;s Yla;su;a lr ks;ru H.C.D.C. meje;aùu'

ish¿u fomd¾;fïka;= iyNd.s;ajh wksjd¾h lsÍu'

2' m%cd iñ;s i|yd iyNd.s lsÍu

jd¾Isl wh jeh ieliSu

1' jd¾Isl wh jeh ieliSfï§ m%cd iñ;s Tjqkaf.a fldÜGdY ;=< ixj¾Okhg wÞ, .eg¿

fhdackd iydhg .ekSu'

2' wh jeh úksúoNdjhla we;slsÍu'

3' m%cd fldka;%d;a l%uhg bÈlsÍï lsÍu'

yjq,alrejka'

fudrgqj ish¿u m%cdj

fudrgqj ish¿u foaYmd,lhska yd ks,OdÍka

fudrgqj rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk

fudrgqj ish¿u rdcH wdh;k

78


c, iïmdok uKav,h

w¾:p¾hd moku

¨kdj jHdmD;sh

ksjdi ixj¾Ok wêldßh


.eg¿ olsk fya;=j úi÷ï

1' wkjir bÈlsÍï 1'k.rfha há;,

myiqlï ixj¾Okh

lsÍug fkdyels ùu'

me,am;a nyq,ùu ksid

fi!LH yd iudÔh .eg¿

yd k.r w,xlrKh

fkdue;s ùu'

1' w¨;ska bÈlsÍï keje;aùu -

^ wkjir &

foaYmd,kh" k.r

iNdj" ks'i'w'

2' úêu;a whqßka bj;a lr

Tjqka kej; mÈxÑ lrùu'

k.r iNdj" kd.ßl

ixj¾Ok wêldßh"

fmd,sish"

3' kS;sÍ;s mekùu yd

l%shd;aul lsÍu'

2' le,s li, .eg¿j 2'Èfkka Èk uxudj;a j,

tl;= fjk wmøjH

m%udKh jeä ùu;a úúO

mdrißl .eg¿ j,g

m%cdj nyq, jYfhka

f.dÿre ùu yd k.r

ixj¾Okhg we;s uqo,ska

úYd, fldgila ta i|yd

jeh lsÍug isÿùu ksid

1' wmøjH ckkh wju lsÍu'

^m%cdj" k.r iNdj"

iafõÉPd ixúOdk" mqj;am;a&

2' cd;sl iy wmøjH

l<ukdlrK m%;sm;a;s

l%shd;aul lsÍu'- foaYmd,k

wêldßh uy k.r

iNdj$m%dfoaYSh f,alï

ld¾hd,h$rdcH fkdjk

ixúOdk$mdie,a$ m%cd

ixúOdk$udOH'

79

3' ld¾ñl wmøjH l¾udka; Yd,d j,ska

msglrk wmøjH ^>K$øj&

mßirhg tl;= ùu ksid

k.rh I;= jákd mdßißl

iïm;a úkdY ùu'

1' úêu;a yd wmøjH

m%;sm;a;shla ilia lsÍu yd

l%shd;aul lsÍu' uOHu

rch$k.r

iNdj$ N.G.O.$c, iïmdok

uKav,h$l¾udka;Yd,d

ysñlrejka$ jHdmD;s'

4' wúêu;a ldKq moaO;sh iq¿ j¾IdjlÈ mjd ksjdi"

f.dvke.s,s" uxudj;a hgùu'

2' úêu;a k.r ie,eiaula

l%shd;aul lsÍu ^k.r

iNdj$ kd.ßl ixj¾Ok

wêldßh$ jHdmD;s


iyNd.s;ajh

1' ¨kdj mßir m%j¾Ok iN m%cd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;sh

2' ¨kdj fjr< iïm;a l'jH(

3' w¾: p¾hd mokul

4' cd;sl wdmÞ l<uKdlrK uOHia:dkh

wdmÞ iyk fiajd wud;HdxYh

5' kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßh

6' JOCV


wkjir bÈlsÍï

fudrgqj uy k.r iNd n,m%foaYh

yÿkd.;a .eg¿

fN!;sl .eg¿

ksjdi" c,h" úÿ,sh" uxudj;a

jeisls,s myiqlï fkdue;sùu

wm c,h neihdu i|yd ldKq moaO;Ska fkdue;sùu

bvï whs;sh fkdue;sùu

80

iudÔh .eg¿

iudc wmpdrhkag fm<öfï m%jK;djh

ksis wOHdmkhg fhduq fkdùu

hym;a fi!LH mqreÿ fkdue;s ùu

mdßißl .eg¿

yÈis wdmÞj,g f.dÿreùug we;s bvlv jeäùu yd

iyk ie,iSfï wmyiq;d u;=ùu

le,s li, neyer lsÍug úÈu;a l%uhla fkdue;sùu

wd¾Ól .eg¿

ksis wdÞhï ud¾.hla fkdue;s ùu ksid iudc úfrdaê

l%u uÕska uqo,a bmhSu'

rfÜ ixj¾Okhg fhduqlsÍug we;s uqo,a fujeks

bÈlsÍï ksid we;sjk .eg¿ j,g jeh lsÍug isÿùu

foaYmd,k .eg¿

l%uj;a ksjdi bÈlsÍï i|yd m%cdj


fhdackd

ksis ie,iqulg wkqj ksjdi bÈ lsÍu

wkjir bÈlsÍï iys; m%foaY y÷kdf.k ta iïnkaOj mj;sk wK mk;a n,.ekaùu

wvq úhoï ksjdi fhdackd fjkqjg uy,a ksjdi fhdackd l%u l%shd;aul lsÍu

m%dfoaYSh wdmÞ l<ukdlrK ie,eiaula ilia lsÍu

WÞ( úfYaIfhka .sks" iq<s iq,x" .x j;=r

l=Kq li, l<ukdlrKh i|yd wdh;k yd m%cdj w;r iïnkaëlrKh ;=<ska ksis

l%shdud¾. l%shd;aul lsÍu

ie,iqï ilia lsÍfï§ rdcH wdh;k" fm!oa.,sl yd iafõÉPd ixúOdk w;r wfkdkH

iïnkaO;djhlska lghq;= lsÍu

ksrka;rfhka miq úmrï isÿ lsÍu

±kqj;aNdjh we;slrkq jia ±kqj;a lsÍfï jev igyka l%shd;aul lsÍu'

WÞ( wOHdmk" fi!LHh" wdmÞ



fudrgqj

81


bvï whs;sh ke;s uq,a mÈxÑlrejka I|yd kS;Hdkql+, bvï whs;sh ,nd§u'

m%uqL;djh ,ndÿka fya;=j(

o fudrgqj m%foaYhg m%n, .eg¿jla jQ ksid

o tu mÈxÑlrejkaf.a bvï whs;sh wysñ ùu u; whs;sjdislï fndfydauhla

wysñùu' ^nexl=" mdie,a" úÿ,sh wdÈh&

ie,eiau - úi÷ï

o .eg¿j wÞ, rdcH wdh;k fj; fhduq lsÍu'

^uy k.r iNdj$m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,h wdÈ''''&

o ñkskafÞare fo'fï' yryd Blockplan tlla idÞ .ekSu'

o fuu bvï j, uq,a whs;slrejka ms<sn| f;dr;=re fidhdf.k Tjqkaf.ka bvu

ksoyia lr .ekSu i|yd lghq;= lsÍu'

o bvï m%udKhka ;SrKh lsÍu ^Tmamq iE§u i|yd&

o m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,h - bvï frðiag%d¾ ld¾hd,h iïnkaO lrñka

Tmamq ,nd §ug lghq;= lsÍu'

o .eg¿j È.ska È.gu fkdhdug mÈxÑlrejka ±kqj;a l< hq;=hs' ^w¨;ska tk

wkjYH bÈlsÍï je,elaùug&

yjq,alr.kakd wdh;k(

o uy k.r iNdj


o ñkskafÞare fomd¾;fïka;=j wdÈ wÞ< rdcH wdh;k

o rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk'

82

lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍï idrdxYh yd wjika woyia ±laùï

lKavdhï ksfhdað;hk, tï' hudod (hQtkaiSwd¾ã)

uhqñ uy;añhf.ka wdrdOkdjla

Tn iuyr fofkl=g fudrgqj ixj¾Okhg iïnkaO fkdfhl=;a kj woyia ;sfhkak

mqtzjka' ;ukaf.a ck m%cdj ;=<" iudch ;=< l%shdjg ke.zSug yels jk wdldrfha

fkdfhl=;a kj jHdmD;s .ek fndfyda woyia Tng ;sîug mq¿jk' tfukau ±kgu;a

Tfí ckm%cdj ;=< isÿ jk ixj¾Ok ls%hd ms<sn|jo kj woyia ;sfnkjd úh yel'

kj jHdmD;sj,g uq, msÍï fukau ±kg flfrk lghq;=j,g Þhl úh yels tjeks

w¨;a woyia fuu jevuq¿jg bosßm;a lrk f,Ig wms Tng wdrdOkd lruq'

ldka;djla

wms uilg jrla wms kd.ßl /iaùula mj;ajkjd' fudrgqj ;=< kd.ßl ckdjdi

52 la we;s w;r bka 26 la iozyd wms ±ka kd.ßl /iaùï mj;ajdf.k huq' ta

/iaùïj,g fnfyúka iyNd.s jkafka wfma ckdjdi j, l=vd lkavdhï ksfhdackh

lrk lka;dfjda h' fudrgqj mqrd tjeks kdhsldjka ±kqj;a lsÍu iozyd úúO wdh;k

u.zska úúO jev igyka mj;ajkq ,efí' kuq;a tjeks jev igyka .ek wmg t;rï

oekqula ke;' wm ±kg okafka;a lrf.k hkafka;a wfma jev igyka muks' fuys

fnfyúka l;dl, mßos l=Kq neyer lsßfï m%Yakh wmgo ;sfí' tneúka fujeks

jHdmD;sj, fiajh lrk wÞ, wdh;kj, ks,OdÍka wfma kd.ßl /iaùïj,go

meñfkkafka kï wm leue;af;auq' Tjqkaf.ka ,efnk odhl;ajh ;=,ska tfia wfma

kdhsldjka o ±kqj;a jqjfyd;a fï jev igyka wmg myiqfjkau fudrgqj k.rh ;=<

jHdma; l< yels jkq we;ehs uu is;ñ'

¨kdj l,mq ixj¾Ok jHdmD;sfha ks<Odßfhl=f.ka tu m%Yakhg ms<s;=rla

±kg wms >k wmøjH jHdmD;sh ̈ kdj l,mq ixj¾Ok jHdmD;sh iuÕ taldnoaOj lr

f.k huq' ¨kdj l,mqj yd we, wdY%s;j >k wmøjH l<ukdlrkh l< hq;= m%foaY

f,i y÷kd .;a ckdjdi ;=< wms le<s li, Èrk yd fkdÈrk jYfhka j¾.SlrKhla

lr f.k huq' ta ms<snoz ishtz f;dr;=re wfma ld¾hd, foflka ,nd .; yel' tl

ld¾hd,hla r;au,dk msßfjK mdf¾ o wks;a ld¾hd,h fudrgqj Whk ol=K

m%foaYfhao msysgd ;sfí'

fï >k wmøjH l<ukdlrK jHdmD;shg wvq wdÞhï,dNSka muKla fkdj fudrgqj

uOHu mdka;sl ckdjdi jdiSka o iïnkaO lrf.k Tjqka fï >k wmøjH

83

l<uKdlrKhg fhduq lsÍfï jev ms<sfj,la wm úiska ilia fldg ;sfí' ta yer

m%foaYfha m%N+jre o óg iïnkaO lrf.k fujeks jev ms<sfj<l ;sfnk wd¾Ól

jákdlu iïnkaOj ta yeu ±kqj;a fldg ;sfí' wmg tla .eg¿jla f,I we;af;a rdcH

wxYfhka ,efnk wvq Þhl;ajhhs' tfukau fï jevuq¿fõ§ fuys isák iuyr rcfha

ks,OdÍ uy;ajre wmg iïnkaO ù ;u Þhl;ajh óg ,nd §ug o leu;a; m< l<

neúka fï wjia:dfõ th wmg Okd;aul idOlhla f,I ie,lsh yel' fudrgqj ;=<

kd.ßl ckdjdi 52 la ;sfnk w;r bÈßfha§ tu ckdjdi I|yd jev ms<sfj,la .ek

o idlÉPd fldg ;sfí' ta wkqj >k wmøjH l<uKdlrKh iïnkaOj fuys keÕ=Kq

m%Yakhg ms<s;=re §ug wmg yels jkq we;'

ixj¾Ok ie,iqï ilia lsÍfï lKavdhï idlÉPdj i|yd uhqñ uy;añhf.ka

Wmfoia

iqÿiq jHdmD;s I|yd ie,iqï lsÍu yd tu ie,iqï Èh;a lsÍu I|yd lghq;= ilia

lsÍfï§ tajd l%shd;aul l< yels ie,iqï úh hq;= nj wmg iy;sl úh hq;=h' tfukau

tu jHdmD;sj,g yjq,alrejka fidhd .ekSu jeks lreKq lKavdhï ;=< idlÉPd l<

hq;=h' tfukau ta w;r m%uqL;djh Èh hq;= lreKq .ek o ;SrKh l< hq;=h' tfia

tu lreKqj,g m%uqL;djh §ug fya;= fudkjdo hkdÈh o I,ld ne,sh hq;=h'

WÞyrKhla jYfhka Tn le,s li, m%;spl%ShlrKh Tfí úfYaI m%uqL;djh f,I

I,lkafka kï Bg tfia m%uqL;djh fokafka uka±hs meyeÈ,s l< hq;=h' tfukau Tn

ie,iqï lrk lreKq o meyeÈ,s l< hq;=h' Tfí ckm%cdj I|yd fujekakla ie,iqï

lrkafka uka±hs meyeÈ,s l< hq;=h' ta iuÕu Tn yd jev lrkq msKsi yjq,alrejka

o Tn úiska fidhd .; hq;=h' Tn tfia yjq,alrejka fidhd .kafka flfiao@ Tn tu

yjq,alrejka f;dard .kafka uka±hs hkako meyeÈ,s lrkak' tfukau tu mqoa.,hd fyda

ta wdh;kh úiska Tjqkaf.a yjq,alrefjl= f,I Tn Ndr .; hq;af;a uka±hs hkako

myod fokak'

lKavdhï idlÉPd wjidkfha isÿ flreKq ish¿ bÈßm;a lsÍïj, idrdxYh

kd.ßl ckdjdi wdYs%;j wmf.a lKavdhu úfYaIfhka y÷kd.;a .eg¿jla jkafka"

mÈxÑlrejkag bvï whs;sh fkdue;sùuhs' fojkqj l=Kq li< neyer lsÍfï m%Yakh

o" ó<Õg jeo.;a m%Yakhla f,I úêu;a jeisls,s moaO;shla fkdue;s ùu o wms olsuq'

B<Õg wkjir bÈlsÍï o m%Odk .eg¿jla f,i ie,lsh yel' .Õg ,S l=vq oud f.dv

lsÍu fuys§ ±l.; yels uQ,sl .eg¿jls' úêu;a ldKq moaO;shla fkdue;s

ùu ;j;a .eg¿jls' tfukau u;aøjH Ndú;h ckhd w;r nyq, ùu ;j;a nrm;<

iudc .eg¿jls' B<Õg fi!LH .eg¿ o m%cd uQ, ixúOdk Yla;su;a fkdùuo

84

f.kyer ±laúh yel' wOHdmk uÜgfï wvqlu ;j;a m%Yak /ilg uq, mqrkafkah'

wvq wOHdmk uÜgu;a ta ksid isÿ jk wvq jhia újdy;a ksid ;j;a fnfyda .eg¿j,g

uqyqKmEug fï m%cdjkag isÿ fõ'

fï .eg¿ wdYs%; ckdjdi .ek idlÉPd lsÍfï§ tl lKavdhula úiska

iurfldakaj;a;g m%uqL;djhla fok ,È' tu ckdjdih iïnkaOjo tu lKavdhu

úiska f;dard.;a m%Odk lreKq folla jkafka bvï whs;sh fkdue;sùu yd wmøjH

neyer lsÍfï l%uhla fkdue;sùuhs'

wkjir bÈlsÍï

fudrgqfõ ckdjdi iEfyk ixLHdjl Ôj;a jk ckhdg tu bvï wh;a ke;' tajd

rchg wh;a bvï fõ' bka iuyr bvïj, mÈxÑ mjq,a lsysmhlg muKla tu bvïj,

whs;sh ,nd § we;' kuq;a wjqreÿ 25 la 30la muK .;jk úg ta mjq,aj,

idudðlhka o w¨f;ka msg;ska meñK bvï wysñ ckhdo ksjdi idÞ .ekSu ksid tu

ckdjdi l=vd me,am;a ìysjk m%foaY njg m;a ù ;sfí'

fuu wkjir bÈlsÍï ksid m%foaYfha há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okh lsßfï§ yd m%cd

ixj¾Okfha§ uy;a .eg¿ Woa.; fõ' wkjir bÈlsÍï w;r nyq,j ±l .; yels

me,am;a l%uh ksid k.rfha w,xldrho ySk ù hhs'

fuu ksjdi bÈ fldg we;af;a wkjirfhka ksid tu ksjdij,g wjYH ksjdi" c,h"

úÿ,sh" ux udj;a jeisls,s myiqlï hkdÈh kS;Hkql+,j ,nd .ekSug fï ckhd yg

mq¿jkalula ke;' tneúka whq;= yd jerÈ l%uj,ska Tjqka tajd ,nd .kakd wjia:d

o ;sfí'

tfukau fï ckdjdi wdYs%;j wmsßisÿ c,h ksis whqßka neyer lsÍu i|yd m%ñ;shlg

wkqj ilia l< ldKq moaO;so ke;' ;ukag wh;a fkdjk rcfha bvïj, fuu ksjdi

idÞ we;s neúka tu bvï I|yd ia:sr Tmamq ,nd .ekSfï yelshdjla o Tjqkag ke;'

fï wkjir ksjdij, mÈxÑlrejka iudc úfrdaë ls%hdjkag fm<öu jeäh' ksis

wdÞhï ud¾.hla fkdue;s ùu ksid Tjqyq myiqfjka iudc úfrdaê l%shdjkag fhduq jk

w;r u;aøjH fj<|du I|yd fnfyúka fhduq ù isákafka fï wkjir bÈlsÍï wdYs%;j

Èú f.jk ck;dj h'

fï ksfjiaj, mÈxÑ mjq,aj, <uqkag ksis wOHdmkhla ,nd .ekSug we;s wjia:djka

u|h' iuyr úg tu wjia:djka ,enqKo Tjqka jeros uÕ hdug we;s m%jK;djh

85

wêlh' ksis wOHdmkhla yd ±kqula ke;s ksid fuu ckhd w;r hym;a fi!LH mqreÿ

ke;'

lsisÿ m%ñ;shlska f;drj ,Õ ,Õ tl fm<g idÞ we;s ksjdi ksid yÈis wdmÞjkag"

f.dÿre ùfï wjÞku wêlh' wkjirfhka bÈ l< ksjdi ksid tjeks wdmÞjl§

rcfhka fyda fjk;a wdh;khlska hï iykdOdrhla ,nd .ekSug o bvla ke;'

tfukau fujeks ,laIK iys; ksjdi l%uhla iuÕ tu ksfjiaj, l=Kq li< m%Yakhg

o úi÷ula §ug mq¿jka lula ke;' tkï l=Kq li< neyer lsÍug l%uj;a jev

ms<sfj,la mj;ajd f.k hdu wmyiq fõ'

tfukau fï wkjir bÈlsÍï ksid úkdY jk mßirh yd Woa.; jk iudc úfrdaë

ls%hd jeks oE j,g ms<shï fh§u I|yd rchg isÿjk ksid ixj¾Okh I|yd rch I;=

uqo,a ta I|yd jeh lsÍug isÿ fõ' fuh rcfha ixj¾Ok jev ms<sfj, bÈßhg f.k

hdug ndOdjls'

;jÿrg;a wkjir bÈlsÍï je<elaùu I|yd ;djld,sl wjir m;la fyda ksl=;a

lsÍug lghq;= lrkafka kï hym;ah'

wkjir bÈlsÍï keje;aùug;a wkjirfhka mÈxÑj isákakjqka úosu;a f,I kej;

mosxÑ lrùug;a jydu mshjr .; hq;=j ;sfí' fï .ek j.lSu k.r iNdjg

kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wosldßhg yd wkjir bÈlsÍï bj;a lsÍfï§ fmd,sishgo úYd,

j.lSula mejf¾' wkjir bÈlsÍïj,g wÞ<j mj;sk kS;s ls%hd;aul l< hq;=h'

wkjir bÈlsÍï je<elaùug n,h we;s wêldÍka jk k.r iNdj yd rdcH wdh;k

ta iïnkaOj ksyËj isàu jrols' wmf.a m%foaYfha tjeks wkjir bÈlsÍï isÿ jkafka

kï ta I|yd wjir § we;af;a ljqreka úiska±hs wm fidhd ne,sh hq;=h' iuyr úg

tjeks bÈlsÍï msgqmi foaYmd,kuh n,mEï ;sfí' ;ukag ,nd .; yels hï hï

úúOdldr jdis m%fhdack ksid rcfha bvïj, fujeks wkjir bÈlsÍï lsÍug ckhd

fmd<Tjk wh isá;s' ljr fyda foaYmd,k wêldß;ajhl n,h fmkajd fyda uer

n,fhka fyda rcfha bvïj, wkjir f,I mÈxÑ ùug m%cdjg Wmldr lrk

mqoa.,hka yd lKavdhï o isá;s' kuq;a tajd je<elaùug ;sfnk kSs;suh m%;smdok

mdúÉÑ lsÍug rcfha ks<OdÍka yd kd.ßl uka;%Sjre bÈßm;a úh hq;=h' mj;sk

foaYmd,k ;;ajhkag wkqj yev.efiñka tu ;;ajhka yryd jdis f.k fok flá

ld,Sk úi÷ï fjkqjg §¾>ld,Skj úi÷ï fiùug W;aiql úh hq;=h' mCI fNaohlska

f;drj ish¿ fokd tlaj lghq;= lrkafka kï fïjd úi£u b;d myiq fõ'

86

wkjir bÈlsÍï je<elaúfï§ rdcH fkdjk wdh;kj,g jvd úYd, n,hla we;af;a

rdcH wdh;kj,gh' kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßfha n,;, k.r iNdjg úuOH.;

fldg we;s neúka wkjir bÈlsÍï iïnkaOj m<uqj l%shd;aul úh hq;af;a k.r

iNdjh' ta I|yd wjYH ish¨ n,;, k.r iNdjg ;sfí' wkjir bÈlsÍï

keje;aùug fyda ta iïnkaOj kS;Hdkql+,j lghq;= lsÍug k.r iNdjg fkdyels

wjia:dj,§ ksjdi ixj¾Ok wêldßh" kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßh jeks wdh;kj,ska

kS;suh Wmfoia ,nd .ekSug k.r iNdjg mq¿jk' wkjir bÈlsÍï ;sfnk m%foaY

y÷kdf.k wÞ< wKmK;a n,.ekaùu l< hq;=h' wKmk;a ;sîu muKla m%udKj;a

ke;' tajd l%shd;aul úh hq;=h' tfukau tjeks wK mk;a iïnkaOj m%cdj ±kqj;a ù

isáh hq;=h'

fuu wkjir ksjdi mÈxÑlrejka ioyzd uy,a ksjdi fhdackd l%uhla l%shd;aul lsÍu

fyd| woyils' fuu ksjdi ie,iqï lsÍfï § j¾;udk ;;ajhka muKla ie,ls,a,g

fkdf.k wkd.; ;;ajhkao .ek o is;d ie,iqï l< hq;=h'

tfukau óg iu.dój m%dfoaYSh wdmÞ l<ukdlrk ie,eiaula o ilia lsÍu

w;HjYHhhs wms is;uq' tjeks ie,iaula fkdue;s l< .skakla jeks wdmÞjla ksid wm

fnfyúka fjfyi yd úhoula ord ksu l< jHdmD;shla tla fufyd;lska úkdY ù

hdug mq¿jk'

bvï whs;sh fkdue;s ùu

fudrgqj m%foaYfha .%du fiajl jiï 10 la muK ;=, wkjir bÈlsÍï iys; ckdjdi

we;s w;r fïjdfha mÈxÑj isákafka È<s÷ ckhdh' Tjqka fïjdfha mÈxÑj isáho Tjqkag

tu bvïj,g whs;shla ke;' foaYmd,k ckao úuiSï jeks fkdfhl=;a jljdkqj,§ fï

m%Yakh biau;= jqjo ld,hla .; jk úg th kej; hgm;a ù hkafkah'

iqkdñ Wjÿr ksid ksjdi m%Yakh ;j;a ixlS¾K ù ;sfí' fudrgq k.rfhau ksjdi

3000 la muK úm;g m;a úh' ta fjkqjg ksjdi bÈ lsÍu I|yd i|yd iuyr bvï

w;am;a lr .ekSfï oS u;= ù ;snqkq kS;suh ndOl úi|d .ekSug muKla jir

tlyudrlg jvd l,a .; úh' oeka B ,zÕg tu ksjdi bÈ lsÍu I|yd uQ,H

iyfhda.h wjYH ù ;sfí'

ckdjdij, mÈxÑlrejkag bvï whs;sh mejßfïoS u;=jk .egtzjla kï bvïj, uq,a

mosxÑlrejka tu bvïj, kS;Hdkql+, whs;sh ,nd .ekSug wÞ< rdcH wdh;k iuÕ

lghq;== wrUd ld,hla .; jk úg" tu bvï" mÈxÑlrejka úiska fjk;a whg

mjrd ;sîfï .egtzjhs' iuyr wjia:dj,oS ksjdi ixj¾Ok wêldßh fj; bosßm;a

87

jkafka uq,a mosxÑlref.ka miq tu bvfï mosxÑj isák I;rjk mosxÑlreh' kuq;a

ksjdi wêldßh lghq;= wrUd we;af;a uq,a whs;slreg bvfï whs;sh ,nd oSugh'

I;rjk mosxÑlre iu.z ksjdi wêldßhg .kqfokqjla ke;' bvï whs;sh mejÍfïoS

fuh ks;r u;=jk .egtzjla ksid tu ;;ajh ksrjq,a lr .kakd f;la bvfï whs;sh

mÈxÑlreg ,nd §u ;j;a mud fjhs'

ckdjdifha m%cdjg bvï whs;sh fkdue;s ùu wm m%Odk m%Yakhla f,I ke;skï

m%uqL;djhla Èh hq;= .eg¿jla f,I olskafka wehs@ ;uka mÈxÑ bvug ;ukag kS;suh

whs;shla fkdue;s jQ l, tys iaÓr ksjila bÈlsÍug ñksiqkag fkdyels jkafka fya;=

lSmhla u;h' tu bvug ;ukag kS;suh whs;shla ke;s jQ l, ;uka tys Èú f.jQjo

th ;ukag wh;a ke; hk yeÕSu Tjqka ;=< n,mj;ajh's tu ksfjiaj,ska bj;a jk

f,ig rch ljr fyda wjia:djl ksfhda. l<fyd;a hk ielh ksid ;ukag uq,Huh

yelshdj ;snqKo" iaÓr ksjdihla f.dv keÕSug ckhd ue<s fj;s' tfukau tu bvfï

mÈxÑ wh muKla fkdj ;j ;j;a wh meñK tys ;j ÿrg;a wkjir bÈlsÍï lr;s'

wjirhlska f;drj ksjdi idÞ .ks;s' B<Õg tu fya;= ksid tlsfkld iuÕ bvï

wdrjq,a we;s lr .ks;s' tjeks bvï wdrjq,a ksid ñksia Ôú; mjd úkdY ùug bv we;'

fujeks ;;ajhka iurfldakaj;a; jeks ckdjdihl we;s ùug bv we;ehs wm is;k

neúka tjeks ckdjdij, fuh m%uqL;djh Èh hq;= m%Yakhla f,I wms olsuq'

kS;Hdkql+, bvï whs;sh fkdue;s ùu uQ,sl myiqlï ,nd .ekSug o ndOdjla fõ'

fuys§ wm úfYaIfhka I|yka l< hq;af;a kS;Hdkql+, bvï whs;sh fkdue;s lu

ke;akï wkjir bÈlsÍïj,§ ksjdi I|yd wjYH jk m%Þk;u uQ,sl myiqlï jk"

c,h" jeisls,s" úÿ,s n,h" ux udj;a jeks uQ,sl myiqlï ,nd .ekSug ndOd we;s fjk

njhs' ;uka mÈxÑ ksji jeä ÈhqKq lr .ekSu I|yd Kh uqo,la ,nd .ekSug .sh

l, nexl=fjka bvfï whs;sh ms<sn| iy;sl b,a,d isákq ,efí' tfukau <uqka

mdie,lg we;=,;a lr .ekSug .sh l, o mosxÑ ia:dkhg we;s whs;sjdislï Tmamq l<

hq;=h'

tfukau wdmÞjla we;s jQ wjia:djla .ek is;d n,kak' miq.sh ld,fha Y%S ,xldj ;=<

we;s jQ iqkdñh fyda tjeks fjk;a wdmÞ wjia:dj, § iyk ,nd .ekSug bÈßm;a jQ

l, bvï whs;sh fkdue;slu ksid ckhd fkdfhl=;a m%Yakj,g uqyqK fo;s'

fï m%Yakfha§ wiSre;djhg m;a jk ;j;a fldgila jkafka .%du ks,Odßka h' fuu

wkjir bÈlsÍïj, mÈxÑlrejkaf.a wjYH;djhkays§ wÞ< iy;sl ksl=;a

lsÍug .%du ks,OdÍka wiu;a jqjfyd;a th udkj ysñlï lvlsÍula jYfhka

88

I,ld .%du ks,Odßhdg úreoaOj kvq mejÍug mjd yelshdj we;s neúks'

fï jk úg jir 20-30 g jvd jeä ld,hla ;siafia tu ksfjiaj, ckhd mÈxÑj isák

w;r ;u mÈxÑ ksjig kS;Hdkql+, whs;sh fkdue;s ùfï m%Yakhg úi÷ï fidhd

tu .eg¿ wÞ, rdcH wdh;k fj; fhduq l< wjia:d o fndfyda we;s uq;a lsisfjl=g;a

ksishdldr Tmamq ,nd .ekSug fkdyels ù ;sfí'

bvï whs;sh fkdue;s ckhd mosxÑ fï ckdjdij, we;s jk .eg¿ .ek .%du

ks<OdÍkag fnfyúka m%dfhda.sl w;a±lSï ;sfí' tu bvï ms<sn| tlsfkld w;r we;s

jk wdrdjq,a .ek o ckhd meñKs,s lrk kuq;a ksYaÑ; udhsula fkdue;s ksid tu

meñKs,sj,§ idOdrKhla bgq lsÍuo ÿIalrh' fuh fï ks,OdÍkao wmyiq;djhg

m;a lrk ;;ajhls' fmd,sishg meñKs,s l< o fï iïnkaOj fmd,sishgo l< yels

fohla ke;' fmd,sishg jqjo tjeks ;;ajhka ksrjq,a lsÍug fkdyels nj okakd neúka

fï bvï iïnkaOfhka tlsfkldg whq;= widOdrKlï lsÍug ta iuyr ckhd

ks¾Nhj fm<fU;s'

rcfha ks,OdÍka yd foaYmd,lhka .ek fï ñksiqka ;=< we;af;a hym;a yeÕSula

fkdfõ' ulaksido h;a Tjqka w;ska ta ñksiqkaf.a wjYH;djhka bgq fkdjk neúks'

fujeks miqìula hgf;a fujeks jev igykla l%shd;aul ùu w;sYhska w.h l< hq;=h'

fï jev igyfka m%;sm,hla jYfhka fï m%Yakh úi£u I|yd hï ls%hdud¾.hla .;

yels jqjfyd;a hï m%.;shla w;a lr .ekSug wmg yels jqjfyd;a wmsg wfma .fï

ckhd yg hï fiajhla lf<a hhs I;=gq ùug mq¿jk' fï ckhd yg Tmamq ,nd§fï jev

ms<sfj, l%shd;aul lsÍug wmg yels jqjfyd;a wfma fï jev igyka id¾:l ù hhs

wmg mejiSug mq¿jk'

bvï whs;sh fkdue;slu keu;s fï .eg¿j .ek wm l:d lrk l< fï m%Yakhg yd

th úi|d .ekSug Þhl jk yjq,alrejkaa jYfhka m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,h" .%du

ks,Odß" ñkskafodaare fomd¾;fï;=j" k.r iNdj" m%cd uQ, ixúOdk yd iïnkaO

m%cdj" uydNdrldr fomd¾;fïka;=j hk wdh;k yd ixúOdk I|yka l< yel'

uydNdrldr fomdr;fïka;=j I|yka lf<a iurfldakaj;a; jeks iuyr bvï whs;s

jkafka tu fomd¾;fïka;=jg neúks' iuyr bvï wh;a rcfha l=uk wdh;khlgo

hkak mjd tys jeisfhda fkdoks;s'

mÈxÑ ckhdg bvï whs;sh fkd,eîu ms<sn| m%Yakhg úi÷ï f,k taaaaaau I|yd ish¿

rcfha wdh;k" k.r iNdj" ksjdi ixj¾Ok wêldßh" m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,h"

89

fjr< ixrCIK fomd¾;fï;=j" jeks wdh;k tla ù ;u ±ä wjOdkh fï iïnkaOj

fhdojd jev ms<sfj<la ilia l< hq;=h'

fuu ckdjdij, c,h" úÿ,sh" ikSmdrCIlfiajd" uxudj;a" ldKq moaO;s yd we,

ud¾. ilia lsÍu mdrj,aj,g ;droud ilia lsÍu jeks ixj¾Ok lghq;=j,g

ish¿u m,d;a md,k wdh;k" k.r iNdj" c, iïmdok uKav,h" úÿ,s n, uKav,h"

iïnkaO úh hq;=h'

>k wmøjH neyer lsÍug úÈu;a l%uhla fkdue;s ùu

ó<Õg m%uqL;djh Èh hq;= .eg¿jla f,i wmf.a ie,ls,a,g Ndckh jQfõ >k wmøjH

neyer lsÍug úÈu;a l%uhla fkdue;s ùfï m%Yakhhs' >k wmøjH l<ukdlrKh

iïnkaOj fuys§ nfvdaúg jHdmD;sfhka bÈßm;a jQ lreKq wmg úYd, msgqjy,la

wdo¾Yhla f,I .; yel'

le<s li< neyer lsÍfï wmyiqj m%uqL;djhla .kafka th ueis uÿrejka fnda ùu

we;=¿ fi!LHuh yd fjk;a mdßißl .eg¿j,g o th iïnkaO jk neúks' tfuka u

l,mqj" we,ud¾. yd fnd,af.dv .Õ jeks c,dY yd c,ud¾. wmsßisÿ ùug o fuh

fya;= fõ' ;jo ckdjdi wmsßisÿ ùfuka k.rfha w,xldrhg o th ydkslr n,mEula

we;s lrkq we;' iurfldakaj;a; jeks ckdjdij, ;=< wmøjH bj;a lsÍug úÈu;a

l%uhla fkdue;s ùu úYd,;u .eg¿jla nj wms tys ixj¾Ok jev igykaj,g

iïnkaO ù ,o w;a±lSuj,skau wms oksuq' fuu .eg¿j úi£u I|yd yjq,alrejka

jYfhka fujeks jHdmD;s ms<sn| w;a±lSï we;s ks,OdÍka" k.r iNdj" rdcH fkdjk

ixúOdk" m%cdj yd m%cd uQ, ixúOdk" úúO fm!oa.,sl wdh;k" wmøjH

l<ukdlrkh I|yd w;ys; fok úfYaI wdh;k yjq,alr.ksñka ±kg id¾:l ù

we;s nfvdaúg jHdmD;sh jeks jHdmD;s wdo¾Yhg .ksñka tajd wkq.ukh lsÍug wm

W;aidy l< hq;=h'

le<sli< m%Yakh Èfkka Èk W.% jk m%Yakhla jk w;r k.r iNdfõ ixj¾Ok

lghq;= I|yd we;s uqo,aj,ska úYd, uqo,la wmøjH bj;a lsÍug jeh jknj wm

jgyd .; hq;=h' .;hq;= tla ls%hd ud¾.hla jkafka wmøjH ckkh lsÍu wvq

lsÍug mshjr .ekSuh' ta I|yd m%cdj" k.r iNdj yd iafõÉPd ixúOdk yd udOHj,

iyh wjYH fõ' tfukau wmøjH ms<sn| cd;sl l<ukdlrK m%;sm;a;shla ,xldjg

wjYH jk w;r cd;sl uÜgfuka ls%hd;aul l, yels tjeks m%;sm;a;s" m%dfoaYsh

uÜgfuka fï .eg¿j úi|d .ekSug wmg rel=,;a jkq we;'

90

wmøjH ckkh wju lsÍu I|yd ir, WÞyrKhla jYfhka fmd,s;Ska u¿ Ndú;h

wju lsÍu yd fmd,s;Ska u¿ fjkqjg Èrdm;a jk lvÞis fyda frÈ u¿ Ndú;dj f.k

yer ±laúh yel'

le,s li, l<ukdlrkh I|yd ksis l%shdud¾. l%shd;aul lsÍu isÿ úh hq;af;a wod,

wdh;k yd m%cdj w;r iïnkaëlrKh ;=<sks' fï I|yd ie,iqï ilia lsÍfï§ rdcH

wdh;k" fm!oa.,sl wdh;k yd iafjÉPd ixjsOdk tlaj wfkdkH wjfndaOhlska hq;=j

lghq;= l< hq;=hs'

tfukau fujeks ls%hdÞuhkays§ ksrka;rfhkau Bg miqìu iQodkï lsÍu;a tu

jHdmD;s isÿ flfrk wdldrh .ek;a wm ksrka;r wjÈfhka isáh hq;=h'

;jo fuu m%Yak .ek ±kqj;aNdjh we;s lrkq jia" ±kqj;a lsÍfï jev igyka

l%shd;aul lrñka ta u.ska m%cdj yd mdie,a YsIH YsIHdjka ±kqj;a lsÍu o jeo.;a fõ'

wmøjH neyer lsÍu" uyck fi!LHh yd wdmod l<ukdlrKh jeks fï iEu

úIhhlau iïnkaOj m%cdj ±kqj;a úh hq;= w;r fï i|yd iqÿiqu ia:dkh jkafka

mdie,h' fyg iudchg tl;= jkafka wo mdief,a bf.k .kakd <uqkah' ta ksid tjeks

lKavdhï ±kqj;a lsÍu ksrka;rfhka isÿúh hq;=h'

ld¾ñl wmøjH l=Kq li< m%Yakfha ;j;a me;a;ls' l¾udka;j,ska bj;a lrk

wmøjH k.rhg tl;= ùfuka mdßißl iïm;a úkdY ù ;sfí' tneúka úosu;a ld¾ñl

wmøjH m%;sm;a;shla o wkq.ukh lsÍu wjYH fõ'

l=Kqli< m%Yakh úi£u I|yd m%cdfõ by< isg my,g;a my, isg by, uÜgï

olajd;a wdl,amuh fjkila we;s lr,Su wjYH jk w;r uy k.r iNdj" uOHu

rch" c,iïmdok ukav,h" rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk" mßir wêldßh yd udOH yd

ikaksfõok wdh;kj, iyh fï I|yd ,nd.; hq;=h'

úosu;a ldKq moaO;shla fkdue;s ùu ksid iq¿ j¾Idjlska mjd k.rfha uxudj;a hg

fõ' úosu;a k.r ie,iaula ls%hd;aul fkdùu fujeks ;;ajhka mek keÕSug fya;= fõ'

m%cdj yd m%cdj w;r fukau wdh;k wdh;k w;r mj;sk ÿria:Ndjh

rcfha wdh;k yd m%cdj taldnoaO ù úi¢h hq;= .eg¿ y÷kd.ekSu t;rï wmyiq

ld¾hhla fkdfõ' fï .eg¿ yeu úgu mj;sk fmdÿ .eg¿ fõ' tfy;a fï .eg¿

91

úi|d .ekSug kï m%cdj yd m%cdj w;r fukau wdh;k yd wdh;k w;r o mj;sk

ÿria:Ndjh fyj;a iïnkaëlrKhla fkdue;s ùfï m%Odk m%Yakh úi|d .; hq;=h'

ixj¾Ok lghq;=j,§ ±l.; yels úYd,;u ÿ¾j,;djhla jkafka fndfyda

wdh;k ;ks ;ksj l%shd;aul ùu ñi ta ta wdh;k w;r iïnkaêlrKhla fyj;a

uqyqùula isÿ fkdùuhs'

tfia m%cdj yd m%cdj w;r fukau wdh;k yd wdh;k w;r o Yla;su;a

iïnkaO;djhla fkdue;s kï fï .eg¿ ieuÞgu fkdúi£ mj;skq we;' rdcH fyda

rdcH fkdjk fyda fjkhï ljr fyda wdh;k úiska ljr jHdmD;s ie,iqï l<o fï

wÞ< md¾Yajhka w;r Yla;su;a iïnkaO;djhla" iïnkaëlrKhla fkdue;s kï tu

jHdmD;s id¾:lj l%shd;aul lsÍug fkdyels jkq we;' fï ;;ajhg we;s ùug wod,

jk fya;= idOl lsysmhla jkafka

wld¾hlaIu fiajdjka iemhSu

foaYmd,k u; fNao - ue;sjrK iuhkays§ muKla fkdj ´kEu ld,

jljdkqjl fuu fNao ±l .; yels fõ' foaYmd,k kdhl;ajhka uq,a lr f.k

rcfha wdh;k yd m%cdj wdYs%;j foaYmd,k u; fNao mj;sk w;r hym;a

in|;djhka f.dvkeÕSug fuh uy;a ndOdjls'

m%cdjf.a wjYH;d wdh;k ;=<ska wúêu;a f,I bgq lr .ekSu( yelshdj we;s

wh ;u iïnkaO;d" ±k we÷kqïlï fyda foaYmd,k ys;j;alï fyda w,a,ia uÕska

fyda ;u ld¾hh bgq lr.ks;s' tfia lr .ekSug fkdyels wh wirK ;;ajfhau

isá;s'

wdh;khla ;=<u mj;sk fomd¾;fïka;= w;r o iyfhda.s;djhla fkdue;s

ùu( tfukau fndfyda úg tu fomd¾;fïka;=j ;=<u ;sfnk úúO wxY w;r o lsis

iïnkaO;djhla iyfhda.s;djhla ke;s nj ±l .; yel'

foaYmd,k kdhl;ajh m%cdjg ijka fkd§u( foaYmd,k kdhl;ajh m%cdjg

ijka fokafka fumuK .eg¿ Woa.; jkafka ke;'

rdcH wdh;kj, jd¾Isl wh jeh ieliSfï§ m%cd Þhl;ajh yd fhdackd ta

I|yd ,nd fkd.ekSu( wdh;khl jd¾Isl whjeh ilia lrk úg ks,OdÍka

lrkafka miq.sh j¾Ij, jeh YS¾I" wh YS¾I ,nd f.k Bg wvq l< hq;= fyda jeä

l< hq;= hï m%;sY;hla ;SrKh fldg wh jeh ieliSuhs' fï .ek m%cdfõ" m%cd

iñ;sj, woyia Woyia fhdackd ;snqKo tajd ie,ls,a,g .kafka ke;' kd.ßl

uka;%Sjrekaf.a woyiaj,g muKla ijka fok ks<OdÍyq ;uka ;u u;h wkqj

jd¾Isl wh jeh ilia lr;s'

m%cdj ixúOdkh fkdlsÍu

92

fï ;;ajhka I|yd úi÷ï fiùug kï by< isg my< olajd ish¿u ks,OdÍkaf.a

wdl,amuh fjkila we;s lsÍu wjYH fõ' fï wdl,amuh mßj¾;kh i|yd

wdh;khl isák ishü ks,OdÍka iïnkaO lr .; hq;=h' tfukau wdh;k iïnkaO

ù m%cd jev igyka meje;aùfï§ ta I|yd ishü ks,OdÍka iïnkaO lr .; hq;=h'

ishü ks,OdÍkaf.a rdcldßj,g m%cd jevigyka o we;=,;a l< hq;=h' m%cd

ixj¾Ok lghq;=j,§ foaYmd,k u; fío fkdi,ld lghq;= l< hq;=h' m%cd wjYH;d

wdh;k ;=,ska wúêu;a f,I bgq lrjd .ekSu keje;aùu I|yd kS;sh wl=rgu

ls%s%hd;aul l, hq;=h'

;jo m%cdfõ Yla;sh n,.ekaùu ;=,ska tkï m%cdj ±kqj;a lsÍu ;=,ska o

fuu ;;ajhg ms<shï fhosh yel' m%cdjg wjYH f;dr;=re tkï ;ukag wjYH

fiajdjka bgq lr .; yels wod< wxY yd fiajd imhk ia:dk ms<snoz oekqu yd tu

wxYj,ska ta lghq;= bgq lr .kakd wdldrh .ek oekqu imhd oSfuka Tjqka

iún, .ekaùu ;=,ska fufia wúÈu;a f,I lghq;= lr .ekSug hdu je<flkq we;'

fomd¾;fïka;= w;r;a m%cdj w;r;a iyfhda.s;djhla fkdue;s ;;ajhg úiozqï f,I

m%cd iñ;s Yla;su;a fldg rcfha wdh;kj, udislj mj;ajk /iaùï j,g tu iñ;s

le|ùu;a tu /iaùï iozyd ish¨ fomd¾;fïka;= iyNd.s;ajh wksjd¾h lsÍu;a l<

yel' ;jo m%cd iñ;s uÜgfuka mj;ajk /iaùï I|yd wksjd¾hfhkau ks,OdÍka

iyNd.s lrùu l< hq;=h'' jd¾Isl wh jeh ieliSfïoS m%cdfõ woyia

ie,ls,a,g .ksñka Tjqkaf.a fldÜGdY ;=< mj;sk .egtz yd ta ms,sn| m%cdfõ fhdackd

ie,ls,a,g .ksñka tu whjeh ilia lsÍu l< hq;=h' whjeh iïnkaOfhka

úksúoNdjhla we;s lsÍu yd jHdmD;s lghq;=j,oS m%cdjg fldka;%d;a ,nd oSu

wkq.ukh l< hq;=h'

fï l¾;jHhkaysoS fmdÿ yjq,alrejka f,I fudrgqj ishü m%cdj" ishü

fomd¾;fïka;= ks,OdÍka" fudrgqj rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk" fudrgqj ishü rdcH

wdh;k ie,lsh yel'

lKavdhï idlÉPdfõ§ bÈßm;a jQ woyia ixlafImhla jYfhka f.kyer olajk

rxð;a uy;d

fï idlÉPdfõ§ fudrgqj m%foaYhg n,mdk .eg¿ rdYshla u;= jqKd' ta .eg¿ w;ßka

jvd;a m%n, .eg¿jla f,I u;= jqfka bvï ms<sn| .eg¿jhs' wkjir bÈlsÍï .ek"

wkjir bÈlsÍï lrk wh .ek" ta foi foaYmd,k wêldßh n,k wdldrh .ek

hkd§ jYfhka úúO u; bÈßm;a jqkd' b;ska fu;k§ wmsg tl lreKla meyeÈ,shs'

bvï l<ukdlrkh lsÍfï m%;sm;a;shla fyda ta I|yd ie,eiaula wfma k.r

iSudj ;=< ke;s njhs' fï jro ksjerÈ lsÍu k.r iNdjg muKla ;ksju l< yels

93

fohl=;a fkdfjhs' wms ish¨ fokdu tl;= ù idod .; hq;= fohla' bvï ms<sn| wmg

ksYaÑ; ie,eiaula keye' ta ms<sn| ksjerÈ ±laula wmg keye' l<ukdlrKhla keye'

fï ksid ;uhs fï ish¿ m%Yak u;=fj,d ;sfhkafka'

B<Õg wfma lKavdhï idlÉPdj,§ wmg u;= jqkq ;j;a m%Odk;u .eg¿jla ;uhs

>K wmøjH l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| .eg¿j' fï m%Yakhg úi£ula jYfhka fudrgqfõ

úúO wdh;k úiska úúO ls%hd ud¾. f.k ;sfnkjd' ta jHdmD;s hï hï id¾:l

uÜgï w;am;a lr f.k ;sfnkjd' kuq;a wm iuia:hla jYfhka fï foi n,k l,

fudrgqfõ >K wmøjH l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| .eg¿jla ;sfnk nj I;Hhla' b;ska

wms ta .ek;a wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=hs bÈß ixj¾Ok ie,iqï ilia lsÍfï§'

ta jf.au wfma ;j;a lKavdhula b;du;a jeo.;a m%Yakhla bÈßm;a l<d' ta ;uhs

wfma wdh;k wdh;k w;r;a" m%cdj yd m%cdj w;r;a iïnkaO;djfha we;s ÿria;r

Ndjh .ek'

ud is;k mßÈ fï m%Yakh we;af;a fudrgqj k.r iNdj ;=< muKla fkdfõ' wm rfÜ

fndfyda wdh;kj, fï ;;ajh olskak ;sfnkjd' fudrgqj k.r iNdj ;=< ks,OdÍka

fyd|ska jev lghq;= lrk kuq;a iuia;hla f,I .;a l, tlsfklg we;s iïnkaOh

m%udKj;a ke;s nj fmfka' ,xldfõ wms fndfyda úg mqoa.,sl ys;j;alï

±kwe÷kqïlï u; ld¾hd,j,ska jev lghq;= lrjd .ekSug mqreÿj isáuq' kuq;a th

isÿ úh hq;af;a tfia fkdfõ' lghq;= isÿ úh hq;af;a tjeks mqoa.,sl ys;j;alï

±kwe÷kqïlï u; fkdj lsishï ie,eiaulg lsishï l%u fõohlg wkqjh' tfia ́ kEu

uÜgul ´kEu wfhl=g ´kEu wdh;khlg f.dia ;u lghq;a; lrjd .;

yels ;;a;ajhla wm úiska ilia lr .; hq;=h' fï lreKo wfma bÈß ie,iqïj,g

we;=,;a lr .; hq;=h'

B<Õg m%cdfõ ixúOdkd;aulNdjh yd ±kqj;aNdjh t;rï Yla;su;a ;;ajhl

fkdmej;Su o idlÉPdjg Ndckh jQ .eg¿jla jqkd' fuys isák tla .%du ks,Odß

uy;aufhl= mejiQ wdldrhg fï lreKq iïnkaOfhka m%cd uÜgfï ck;dj ±kqj;a

ù ke;s kï Bg by< uÜgfï isg tu ckhd yg fiajh lrk wh fïjd .ek ±k

isàfuka t;rï m,la fkdjk nj ienEh'

tneúka fudrgqj ms<sn| wm ;=< ;sìh hq;= bÈß±lau .ek uyck;dj ±kqj;a lrñka

Bg wÞ< ish¿ lreKq .ek Tjqkg ±kqu ,nd foñka Tjqka iuÕu bÈßhg hk

ie,iqula wfma jev igykg we;=,;a úh hq;=h' tjeks ls%hdÞuhla ;=,ska uyckhdg

wm uqyqK fok iSud yd wudrelï .eko wjfndaOhla ,efnk neúka t;=,ska wm

94

fomd¾Yajh w;r mek kÕsk .egqï o wvq lr.ekSug mq¿jk' WÞyrKhla jYfhka

miq.sh ld,fha c,h ,nd .ekSug ÿIalrj ;snqKq jd;djrKh ueo ta nj uyckhdg

wjfndaO lr§u fnfyúka wmyiq úh' uyckhd fldf;la meñKs,s l<o iemhSug

c,h ;snqfka ke;' tfy;a ±ka l¿ .Õ jHdmD;sfha m%;s,dN k.rhg ,efnkakg

mgka .;a l, c,h ,nd §fï lsisÿ .eg¿jla u;= fkdjkq we;' fï ish¿ lreKq

ks,OdÍka jk wm okakd kuq;a uyckhd tajd fkdokakd ksid .eg¿ we;s fõ' tneúka

wfma bÈß ±lau ilia lrk l, fï ish,a,u Bg tl;= lr .; hq;=h'

wkjir mÈxÑlrejkag tu bvï I|yd Tmamq ,nd §u .ek o fhdackdj fuys§ bÈrsm;a

úh' Tjqkag tu bvï I|yd Tmamq ,nd §u hym;a jk kuq;a ±kg mj;sk ;;ajhka

ueo th fl;rï ÿrg Tjqkag m%fhdackj;a fõ±hs hk m%Yakh .ek is;Sug wmg isÿ

fõ' iuyr ksjdij,g hdug ksis mdrla ke;' iuyr ksjdij,g hdug we;af;a wä

foll muK mdrls' iuyr ksjdij,g hd hq;af;a hdno ksjfia bvu yrydh'

tneúka Tmamq ,nd §fï§ fï wvqmdvq ksjerÈ lr.; yels l%uhla ie,iqula wkqj th

l<fyd;a tu mjq,aj,g;a" .ug;a thska ksism, ,efnkq we;' tneúka fuh fnfyúka

ie,iqï iy.;j l< hq;= lghq;a;ls'

jHdmD;s ie,iqï lsÍu ms<sn| ±kqu ,nd fok bÈßm;a lsÍula lrkq msKsi ,,s;

ñßy.,a, uy;dg myiqlï I,ikakdf.ka wdrdOkdjla

B<Õ idlÉPd jghg fmr" ixj¾Ok ie,iqula ilia lrkafka flfiao@ tjeks

ixj¾Ok ie,iqï iliaa lsÍfï§ wm úiska ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= lreKq fudkjdo

ck;dj iïnkaO lr f.k fï lghq;a; lrkafka flfiao@ hkdÈh .ek

±kqula ,nd .; hq;=hhs wms fuys§ l,amkd l<d' ta ksid tu lreKq .ek

wjfndaOhl ,nd .ekSug wm wdrdOkd l<d jr,;a k.r ie,iqïlrefjl= jk ,,s;

ñßy.,a, uy;d yg' §¾>ld,Skj ie,iqï lsÍu ms<sn| fnfyúka w;a±lSï ;sfnk ta

uy;dg wms wdrdOkd lrkjd wm iuÕ fï .ek lreKq myod §ula lrk f,ig'

95

fojk Èkh

m<uq Èkh ms<sn| iudf,dapkh tï' hudod

hQtkaiSwd¾ã

bÈßm;a lsÍï

m%Odk" uOHu yd izqtz mßudK uÜgïj,È

ls%ss%hdldrlï taldnoaO lsßu

if;dfld iq;aiqñ

fÊ´iSù

m%cd bÈßm;a lsÍï yd m%Yak yd ms<s;=re

Ôjk yd mßir ;;ajhka jeä ÈhqKq lsÍfï§

iyNd.s;aj m%fõYfha we;s id¾:l;ajh

ms<sìUq lrk l;dj

m%cdj úiska l<ukdlrKh lrkq ,nk >k

wmøjH /ia lsÍfï yd plS%hlrKh lsÍfï

id¾:l jev igyk .ek l:dj" m%dfoaYSh

wêldß;ajhka" wdKavqfõ wdh;k yd fÊ´iSù

iuÕ iyfhda.S;djfhka jev lsÍu ms<sn|

w;a±lSï

ud,kS ch,;a

t*a' hQ' ^wkqr& lreKdisß

^fofokdu nfvdaúg ckm%cdj

ixj¾Ok iñ;sfhks'&

lKavdhï fmdaiag¾ bÈrm;a lsÍï

f;jk jghñY% lKavdhï

bÈßm;a lsÍï

ie,iqï lsÍfï yd ls%hd;aul lsÍfï l%ufõoh

iudf,dapkh lsÍu

r;au,dk yd fudrgqj m%foaY i|yd wm-c,h neyer

lsÍfï moaO;s


,,S;A ñßy.,a,

hQtiawhsmS $ ßh,a

mS' wd¾' t,a' fifkúr;ak

jHdmD;s wOHlaIl yd ksfhdacH

idudkHdêldÍKS cd;sl

c,iïmdok yd c,dmjyk

uKav,h

fudßia úfÊr;ak


uhqñ hudod

kÜiqflda fils.=Ñ

96

m<uq Èkh ms<sn| iudf,dapkh

tï' hudod

hQtkaiSwd¾ã

iyNd.s;aj m%fõYhka m%j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd ud jEhï lrk fï fudfydf;a § Bg msgqjy,la

jYfhka Tn yeu u|la p,kh lrùug uu leue;af;ñ' wm iEu úgu l;d lrkafka Tn bÈßmi

isg kuq;a ±ka fï jev uq¿fõ miqmi isg Tng hula mejiSug uu leue;af;ñ'

m<uqjk wNHdih(

Tn Tnf.a ±;a tlsfklg yria l< úg my,ska isákafka l=uk uymgeÕs,a,o@ ol=Kq wf;a

uymgeÕs,a,o@ jï wf;a uymgeÕs,a,o@ ±ka Bg úreoaO f,iska oE; yria lruq' idudkHfhka

my<ska isákafka Tfí jï uymgeÕs,a, kï ±ka ol=Kq uymgeÕs,a, my,ska isák fia ;nd .kak'

túg Tng ±fkkafka flfiao@ kqmqreÿ .;shlao@ wuq;=u yeÕSulao@ Tng ±fkkafka flfiao@

fojk wNHdih(

Tng Tfí lK we,a,Sug wjYH jQ úg oS th l< yels l%u lSmhla ;sfí' ysig msgqmiska lrljd"

w; hjd o Tng Tfí lK iam¾Y lsßug mq¿jk' tfia ke;s kï fl<skau w; os.= fldg lK

iam¾Y lsÍugo mq¿jk' ±ka Tn leu;s l%uhlg lK w,a,d n,kak' Tng jvd;a myiq l=uk

l%uh wkq.ukh lsÍuo@

fï l%u foflkau wmg wjidkfha wm n,dfmdfrd;a;= foh lr .; yels jqjo Tn mqreÿ ù we;s

wdldrhg jvd fjkia úÈhg Tn lghq;= lrk l, Tng wmyiq .;shla ±fkkq we;ehs uu is;ñ'

iyNd.s;aj ie,iqï lsÍfï ^WÞ' my< isg by<g& yd iïm%Þhdkql+, ie,iqï lsÍfï ̂ WÞ' by< isg

my<g& ixl,am w;f¾§o fndfyda úg fujeks wmyiq .;shla ±fkkq we;' kuq;a wmf.a p¾hdjka

yd wdl,am fjkia ùu ;=,ska tl yd iudk uÜgfï yjq,aldrlï yd ñ;%lï u;= jk l<"

fjkialïj, t;rï w¾:hla fkd;sfnkq we;'

;jo wfma idlÉPdj ;=,ska my; I|yka lreKq ;=k uf.a is;g ld jeÈK' ^1& fudrgqqfõ

mdßißluh .eg¿ ^2& m%cd iyNd.s;ajh ms<sn| ±kg mj;sk ixl,amh yd ^3& m%cdj

iún, .ekaùu yd hym;a md,khhs'

m<uqj l=Kq li< neyer lsÍu I|yd hdka;%K" ks¾udKh lr .ekSfï wjYH;djh jeo.;ah'

tfia jqjo fï tl;= jk wmøjH m%udKh wvq lr,Su oS¾> ld,Sk jYfhka jvd;a id¾:l úi÷ula

97

jkq we;' ta i|yd wfma p¾hdjka yd wdl,amj, fjkila isÿ ùu wjYH fõ'

wmøjH hkq m%fhdackj;a úl,am n,Yla;s uQ,dY%hla fyda wdÞhï Wmojk uQ,dY%hla hk woyi uu

m%;slafIm fkdlrñ' kuq;a wm úiska l=Kq jeämqr ksmoúh hq;= nj thska woyia fkdfõ' tÈfkÞ

wm úiska Wmojk wmøjH Wmojk m%udKh wvq lsÍu l=Kq li< neyer lsÍfï m<uqjk úi÷u

fõ'

fojkqj m%cd iyNd.s;ajh hk ixl,amh m%cdj n,iïmkak ùu fyj;a ¶m%cdj iún,j;a

ùfï· ;;ajh olajd hd hq;=h' WÞyrKhla jYfhka fuu jev uq¿jgo wms iyNd.s fjuq' kuq;a

bka fkdkej;S wms iún,j;ao úh hq;=h' ¶iún,.ekaùu· hkq iyNd.S ùug jvd jeä fohls'

;=kafjkqj rcfha yd m%cdfõ j.lSï .ek wm l< ixjdoh fnfyúka ;SrKd;aulh' Tn is;k

mßÈ ;srir k.r ixj¾Okfha§" wdmod l<ukdlrKh lsÍu wdKavqfõ j.lSulao@ ke;skï

Tnf.a j.lSula o@ m%cdj iún, .ekaùu iy hym;a md,kh we;af;a fu;ekh' fkdfhl=;a

foaj,aj,g iyNd.s jk f,I hful=f.ka b,a,d isàu wmyiq fohla fkdfõ' tneúka yqfolau

iyNd.s;ajh m%j¾Okh lrkjd fjkqjg wmg l< yels h:d¾:jd§" .e,fmk ls%hdldrlï

fudkjd±hs úuid n,kq msKsi wm úiska wm iún, .kajd .; hq;=h' WÞyrKhla jYfhka fuu

jev uq¿jg iyNd.s ù isák kd.ßl uka;S%jreka o iuÕ wmg wm i|yd ls%hd ie,eiaula ilia

l< yel' yqfolau iyNd.s jkakka fyda b,lalhg ,la jk fma%laIlhka muKla jk f,ig

lsisfjl= wmg mjikafka ke;'

tneúka wo ojfia m%cd iyNd.s;ajfha isg fyg ojfia m%cdj iún, .ekaùu lrd wm fhduq fjuq'

fï fol tlsfklg fjkia ixl,am folls' wo ojfia il%sh f,i iyNd.s ùu .ek o uu Tng

ia;+;sjka; fjñ' wo ojfia jev uq¿j wjika lrñka wo ojfia Tnf.a il%sh Þhl;ajh .ek

ia;+;s lrk w;r fyg ojfia Tn iún, .efkkq olakg uu n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjñ'

98

m%Odk" uOHu yd izqtz mßudK uÜgïj,È ls%ss%hdldrlï

taldnoaO lsßu

if;dfld iq;aiqñ

fÊ´iSù

uf.a ku if;daflda iq;aiqñ' uu cmka cd;Hka;r iyfhda.s;d iafõÉPd fiajfha

iafõÉPd fiaúldjla f,i fiajh lrkjd' uu YS% ,xldfõ ksjdi yd bÈlsÍï

wud;HdxYhg wkqhqla;jhs fiajh lrkafka' wo uu l:d lrkak n,dfmdfrd;a;=

jkafka uyd fyj;a m%Odk" uOHu fyj;a w;rueo yd laIqø fyj;a izqtz mßudK

uÜgïj,È ls%ss%hdldrlï taldnoaO lsßu fyj;a ixhqla; lsÍu .ekhs'

fuys§ uu lreKq kuhla .ek fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrkak n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjkjd'

1 uyd fyj;a m%Odk uÜgu" uOHu fyj;a w;rueo uÜgu yd laIqø fyj;a izqtz

uÜgu hk uÜgïj,g wh;a N+ñldjka .ek

2 uOHu fyj;a w;rueo uÜgfï we;s jeo.;alu

3 Bg WodyrKhla jYfhka iurfldaka j;a; .ek

4 JOCV fyj;a cmka cd;Hka;r iyfhda.s;d iafõÉPd fiajh .ek

5 ksjdi yd bÈlsÍï wud;HdxYh hgf;a we;s

cmka cd;Hka;r iyfhda.s;d iafõÉPd fiajfha tallh .ek

6 tu tallfha wruqK .ek

7 tu tallfha N+ñldj .ek

8 jev igyka fyj;a ls%ss%hdldrlï

9 fhdackd

tla tla uÜgug wh;a N=ñld

uyd fyj;a m%Odk uÜgu

uyd fyj;a m%Odk uÜgu hkqfjka wm fuysÈ y÷kajkafka m%;sm;a;s yd tajd ks¾udKh

jk uÜguhs' tkï wud;HdxY" wdKavqj" tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkh jeks wdh;k

wh;a jk uÜguhs'

uOHu fyj;a w;rueo uÜgu

B<Õg uOHu uÜgug wh;a jkafka fkdfhl=;a wdh;khs' WoyrK jYfhka

k.riNdj" Èia;s%la f,alï" m%dfoaYsh f,alï" rcfha ld¾hd, yd rdcH fkdjk

99

ixúOdk hkdÈhhs'

laIqø fyj;a izqtz uÜgu

B<.zg ;sfnkafka laIqø fyj;a izqtz uÜgug .efkkafka uyckhd" m%cduQ, ixúOdk"

ckdjdi wdÈhhs'

ixj¾Okh isÿ ùug kï fï uÜgï ;=ku iïnkaO úh hq;=h'

uOHu fyj;a w;rueo uÜgfï we;s jeo.;alu

m%Odk uÜgfï isg f;dr;=re yd ls%hdldrlï laIqø uÜgug ,Õd hkafka uOHu uÜÜu

yrydh' uOHu fyj;a w;rueo uÜgu hkq fnfyúka ls%hdldrlï isÿ jk uÜguls'

wdKavqfjka fl;rï fyd| m%;sm;a;shla ilia l<;a uOHu fyj;a w;rueo

uÜgfï ;sfnk wdh;k yß yeá ls%ss%shd;aul fkdjkafka kï laIqø uÜgug" tkï

ckdjdij,g" m%cdj yg m%Odk uÜgfï isg tu woyia .,d f.k tau isÿ jkafka keye'

tfukau m%cdjf.a ckdjdij, woyia Bg by< uÜgïj,g f.k hdug Tjqkag wmyiq

neúka tu laIqø uÜgug fyj;a m%cdjg ckdjdij,g ióm w;rueo uÜgug wh;a

wdh;k úiska tu woyia by< uÜgïj,g f.k hd hq;=h'

iurfldaka j;a;

iurfldaka j;af;a ixj¾Okh .ek n,k úg wm l;d l< fï m%Odk uÜgug whs;s

wdh;k jk ksjdi yd bÈlsÍï wud;HdxYh;a" kd.ßl ixj¾Ok yd c, iemhqï

wud;HdxYh;a" uOHu fyj;a w;rueo uÜgug wh;a wdh;k jk fudrgqj k.r

iNdj" cmka cd;Hka;r iyfhda.s;d iafõÉPd fiajd tallh" hQ tia whs mS" hk

wdh;k yryd iurfldaka j;af;a ixj¾Okhg iyNd.s fj;s' tfukau w;rueo

uÜgug wh;a ck rel=," rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk" .%du fiajl ks<OdÍ" iuDoaê

ks<OdÍ yd fjk;a rcfha wdh;ko iurfldakaj;a; iuÕ tlaj jev lrk nj wmg

fmfka' iuyr úg iurfldaka j;af;a ixj¾Okhg óg;a jvd wdh;k tlaj isákjd

o úh yel'

cmka cd;Hka;r iyfhda.s;d iafõÉPd fiajh

cmka cd;Hka;r iyfhda.s;d iafõÉPd fiajh wdrïN lrk ,oafoa j¾I 1965 §h' ±ka

tu fiajh wjqreÿ 41 la merKsh' fï jk úg tu cmka iafõÉPd fiajl fiaúldfjda

f,dalfha rgj,a wiQ ;=kl fiajh lr;s' Tjqkaf.a ixLHdj 28384 ls' Tjqka fiajd

lafIa;% 140 l ksr;j isá;s'

YS% ,xldfõ cmka cd;Hka;riyfhda.s;d iafõÉPd fiajh wdrïN lrk ,oafoa 1981 Èh'

100

fï jk úg cmka iafõÉPd fiajl fiaúldjka 676la ,xldfõ fiajh lr ;sfí' wfma

iafõÉPd fiajd ld,h jir follg iSud fõ' lsishï rgla ;u rgg cmdk rcfhka

cd;Hka;r iyfhda.s;d iafjÉPd fiajfha iafõÉPd fiajl fiaúldjka b,a,d

isáhfyd;a muKla tu rgg tu fiajl fiaúldjka ,nd §ug cmdk rch mshjr .kS'

ksjdi yd bÈlsÍï wud;HdxYh hgf;a we;s

cmka cd;Hka;r iyfhda.s;d iafõÉPd fiajd tallh

wms 1986 È ksjdi yd bÈlsÍï wud;HdxYh hgf;a tallhla jYfhka fiajh lsßu

wdrïN lf<uq' tu tallh wdrïN fldg ±ka wjqreÿ 20 la ld,hla f.ù ;sfnk w;r

fï jk úg wms uy k.r iNd 8 lg o cd;sl ksjdi ixj¾Ok wêldßfha ld¾hd,

2 lg o wkqhqla;j fiajh lruq' ta uy k.r iNd kï fudrgqj" foysj, .,alsiai"

ó.uqj" YS% chj¾Okmqr fldaÜfÜ" r;akmqr" nÿ,a," ud;f,a yd kqjrt<sh hk k.r

iNdjka fõ' cd;sl ksjdi ixj¾Ok wêldßfha ld¾hd, 2 kï fld<U yd .d,a, fõ'

ud iuÕ ksjdi yd bÈlsÍï wud;HdxY cmka cd;Hka;r iyfhda.s;d iafõÉPd fiajd

tallfha fiajl fiaúldfjda 10 fofkl= iafõÉPd fiajfha fh§ isá;s'

ksjdi yd bÈlsÍï wud;HdxYh uÕska cmka cd;Hka;r iyfhda.s;d iafõÉPd fiajd

tallfha isg tu fiajl fiaúldjka fkdfhl=;a uy k.r iNdj,g hjkq ,efí'

ckdjdi jvd;a ióm jkafka k.r iNdjkagh' k.r iNd Yla;su;a fkdue;s kï m%cd

ixj¾Ok lghq;= l< fkdyel' tneúka fï m%cd ixúOdk Yla;su;a lsÍu fnfyúka

jeo.;ah'

cmka cd;Hka;r iyfhda.s;d iafõÉPd

fiajd tallfha wruqK

wfma wruqK jkafka kd.ßl ÿmam;a ckdjdij, Ôj;ajkakkaf.a Ôú; rgdj Wiia

lsÍu iy m%cd ixj¾Okh lrf.k hduhs'

ÿmam;alu hkq uqo,a ke;slu fkdfõ' wm úiska b,lal fldg f;dardf.k we;af;a

myiqlïj,ska ÿmam;a" hï hï oE ,nd .ekSug ;sìh hq;= whs;sh w;ska ÿmam;a" ,efnk

wjia:djka .ek I,lk úg ÿmam;a ckdjdihkah'

cmka cd;Hka;r iyfhda.s;d iafõÉPd

fiajd tallfha fiajl fiaúldjkaf.a N=ñldj

101

wfma N=ñldj jkafka myiqlï imhkakka f,i lghq;= lsÍuhs' Bg wod< wx.

folla ;sfí' bka tlla jkafka iïnkaêlrKh we;s lsÍuhs' wks;a wx.h jkafka

wjia:d ,nd §uhs'

iïnkaêlrKh hkq lafIa;% yd lafIa;% o wdh;k yd wdh;k o wud;HdxY yd wud;HdxY

iïnkaO lr,Suhs' tfukau lafIa;% yd ,xldfõ ;sfnk iïm;a tlg tl;= lr,Suhs' fï

I|yd wms wud;HdxYh;a lafIa;%h;a úúO wdh;k;a iuÕ iïnkaO fjñka lghq;= lruq'

wjia:d ,nd§u hkq w;aoelSï yd woyia yqjudre lr .ekSug" .eg¿ úi|d.ekSug yd

iyNd.sùug wjia:djka ,nd §uhs' fuh ckdjdi yd ckdjdi w;ro wdh;k yd

wdh;k w;ro isÿ flf¾' tfukau ;SrK .ekSfï idlÉPdj,g iyNd.s ùug

wjia:dj I,id §u ;=,ska ckdjdifha ckhdf.a woyia ls%hd;aul lsÍugo wjia:d

I,id fokq ,efí' tuÕska ;u m%Yak úi|d .ekSug;a ta I|yd ;ukagu iyNd.sùug;a

wjia:d Tjqkag I,id §u isÿ fõ'

jev igyka fyj;a ls%ss%hdldrlï

ksjdi yd bÈlsÍï wud;HdxYh hgf;a ;sfnk cmka cd;Hka;r iyfhda.s;d iafõÉPd

fiajd tallfha fiajl fiaúldfjda fkdfhla k.riNdj,g wkqhqla; ù my; I|yka

j¾. myg .efkk jev igyka ckdjdij, mj;aj;s'

1 m%cd ixj¾Ok jev igyka

2 mßir jev igyka

3 fi!LH jev igyka

4 wOHdmk jev igyka

5 ldka;d ixj¾Ok jev igyka

m%cd ixj¾Ok jev igyka hgf;a iS' ta' mS' jev uqtz" m%cd uQ, ixúOdk Yla;su;a

lsÍu" ±kqj;a lsÍfï jev igyka meje;aùu yd woyia yqjudre lr .ekSfï jev

igyka meje;aùu

wOHdmk jev igyka hgf;a fmr mdie,a wdrïN lsÍu " <ud iñ;s msysgqùu" yd <ud

iñ;s Yla;su;a lsÍu" ±kqj;a lsÍfï yd yqjudre jev igyka yd Y%uÞk mj;ajkq ,efí'

fi!LH jev igyka hgf;a k.r iNdj iuÕ tla ù fi!LH yd fmdaIK jev igyka"

±kqj;a lsÍfï jev igyka" yqjudre jev igyka" oka; idhk" udkisl fi!LH jev

igyka yd Y%uodk mj;ajkq ,efí'

102

mdßißl jevigyka hgf;a ±kqj;a lsÍfï jev igyka meje;aùu" fjk;a ckdjdij,

jev igyka keröu" Y%uodk" fldïfmdaiaÜ fmdfydr yd le<sli< j¾.SlrK jev

igyka mj;ajkq ,efí'

ldka;d ixj¾Ok jev igyka hgf;a ldka;d iñ;s Yla;su;a lsÍu;a" ±kqj;a lsÍfï

jev igyka meje;aùu" yqjudre jev igyka" wdydr ieliSu" iq¿ mßudK uQ,H jev

igyka" wdodhï W;amdokh" Y%uodk mj;ajkq ,efí'

nÿ,a, uy k.r iNdfõ - nÿ¨msáh yd lhs,f.dv lïlre ckhd ðj;ajk

ckdjdij, wfma iafõÉPd fiajl fiaúldfjda k.r iNdj iuÕ ixj¾Ok jev lr;s'

foysj, .,alsiai - uy k.r iNdfõ nfvdaúg" wem,aj;a; yd iqkdñfha n,mEug ,la

jQ m%foaY

ud;f,a uy k.r iNdj - iqÿ.Õj;a; yd ys.af.d,a, lïlre mgquÕ

ó.uqj uy k.r iNdj - ;,a¥j" lfvd,alef,a" md;sudj;a; yd yeñ,agka we,

kqjrt<sh uy k.r iNdj - .e,afõia mgquÕ" Ydka;smqr" uy.iaf;dg"

YS% chj¾Okmqr fldaÜfÜ uy k.r iNdj - fmd,aj;a;" nKavdrkdhlmqr" l=vd

nKavdrkdhlmqr" Tfífialr mqr

r;akmqr fmdïmlef,a lïlre ixj¾Ok lghq;=j,g wms iïnkaO ù isáuq'

iqkdñfhka úm;a meñks m%foaYj, fiajh i|yd fudrgqj uy k.r iNdj iuÕ o" fld<U

yd .d,a, cd;sl ksjdi ixj¾Ok wêldßh iuÕ o tlaj ixj¾Ok lghq;=j, ksr;j isáuq'

wms by; i|yka l, lafIa;% ;=< by; I|yka wdldrfhka myiqlï imhkakka

jYfhka fiajh lruq' wm muKla fkdfõ' fjk;a ́ kEu wdh;khlg fuu myiqlï

iemhSfï ld¾hh l< yel' fuu ld¾hh id¾:l jkafka myiqlï imhkakd úiska

uyd fyj;a m%Odk uÜgu;a uOHu fyj;a w;rueo uÜgu;a laIqø fyj;a izqtz uÜgu;a

hk ish¿u uÜgï w;r woyia Woyia yqjudrej isÿ jkakg bv ie,iqjfyd;a muKs'

úfYaIfhka laIqø fyj;a izqtz uÜgfï isg w;rueo uÜgug woyia f.k hdug myiqlï

I,ikakd Wmldr l< hq;=h' ke;skï isÿ jkafka m%Odk uÜgfï§ .kakd ;SrK Bg

my< uÜgï u; megùuls' ixj¾Okh isÿ ùug th ndOdjls'

103

iqkdñ l%shdldrlï

iqkdñfhka ydks meuqKqkq tf.dvWhk m%foaYhg meñK tu m%foaYh mú;%

lr .ekSug Wmldr lrk f,ig fudrgqj k.r iNdfjka ksjdi yd bÈlsÍï

wud;HdxYh hgf;a we;s cmka cd;Hka;r iyfhda.s;d iafõÉPd fiajd tallhg

b,a,Sula ,eìK' ks;r fofõf,a uyck wei .efik m%isoaO mdrla jQ

fudrgqfõ .d¿mdr fomi ta jk úg iafõÉPdfjka Woõjg meñK fkdfhl=;a ck

lKavdhï úiska mú;% fldg ;sìK' tfy;a fmdÿ uyck weig ks;r fkdfmfkk

m%foaYhla jQ tf.dvWhk ta jk úg;a iqkanqkaj,ska msß ;sìK' ta m%foaYfha iafõÉPd

fiajhg lsisfjl= meñK ke;s nj wmg okajkq ,eîh' ta ld,h jk úg cmka YS% ,xld

ñ;%;aj jev igyka hgf;a Y%S ,xldjg meñK úúO jev igykaj, ksr;j isá isá

cmka cd;slhkao we;=¿j wms cmka iazfõÉPd fiajl fiaúldfjda 40 fofkl= meñK

2004 foieïn¾ 28 fjksÞ isg ckjdß ui fjksÞ olajd Èkm;du tf.dvWhk

m%foaYh Y=oaO mú;% lrñka jev lf<uq' uq,§ tf.dv Whk m%foaYfha ckhd iqkdñ

úm; ksid fõokdfjka fmf<ñka ukafoda;aidySj lsisÿ lghq;a;lg iyNd.s fkdù

wm jev lrk wdldrh foi n,d isá w;r miqj wm tl È.g jev lrkq n,d isg

l%u l%ufhka wm iuÕ tlaj jev lsÍug mgka .;ay'

fudrgqj k.rfha wm úiska úúO <ud jev igyka mj;ajd f.k hk w;r" ¨kdj

jHdmD;sh hgf;a <ud iñ;s msysgqjd ;sfnk w;r tajd uq,a lr f.k iqkdñfha

n,mEug ,la jQ <uqka I|yd wms jev igyka lf<uq'

2005 wfm%a,a udifha§ wms fudrgqfõ iuyr ckdjdij, isák <uqka tla/ia fldg

wjqreÿ W;aijhla meje;ajqfjuq'

miq.sh jif¾ f,dal <ud Èkfha § ¨kdj jHdmD;sh hgf;a we;s <ud iñ;s yd

tf.dvWhk m%foaYfha iqkdñ úm;g f.dÿre jQ mjq,aj, <uqka we;=<;a <ud iñ;s tla

fldg ish¨ fokd tl;= ù úYd, <ud jev igyka meje;ajqfjuq' <uqka úiska w,xldr

bÈßm;a lsÍï lrk ,È'

m%cd ixj¾Ok jev igyka yd úúO iólaIKo wm úiska mj;ajd ;sfí'

fhdackd

±ka uf.a fhdackd bÈßm;a lsßug uu leue;af;ñ' tlla kï wm ish¿ fokd tlg tl;=

ù jev l< hq;=h' ud is;k mßÈ fï jev uq¿j úfYaI jev igykls' wms ish¿ fokdu

tl ;eklg tla ù wfma woyia bÈßm;a lrñka tlu wruqKla .ek l:d l< neúks'

104

tfukau tÉ' iS' ã' iS' fyj;a fudrgqj k.r iNdj iuÕ wm mj;ajd f.k hk ksjdi yd m%cd

ixj¾Ok lñgqj fyd¢ka ils%hj mj;ajd .ksñka th ksjerÈ Èidjlg fhduq l< hq;=h'

m%cd bÈßm;a lsÍu( >k wmøjH l<ukdlrKh lsÍfï

jHdmD;sfha id¾:l;ajh ms<sn| l:dj

ud,kS ch,;a yd m%kdkaÿ Wmkkao ^wkqr& lreKdisß

nfvdaúg m%cd ixj¾Ok iñ;sh fudrgqj uy k.r iNdj

nfvda´úg >k wmøjH l<ukdlrK jHdmD;sh .ek lreKq bosßm;a lsÍu i|yd nfvda´úg m%cd

ixj¾Ok iñ;sfha ud,kS uy;añhg yd wkqr uy;audg wdrdOkd lsÍu

ó<Õg ;sfhkafka f.dvdla jeo.;a fohla' ta ;uhs wfma m%cdjkaf.a w;a±lSï .ek idlÉPd

lrkak' wm ta i|yd wdrdOkd lr,d ;sfhkjd nfvda´úg m%cd ixj¾Ok iñ;sfha idudÔlhka

fom,lg' ud,kS uy;añhg yd wkqr uy;auhdg' nfvdaúg lshkafka foysj, .,alsiai

k.riSudj ;=< msysgd ;sfnk b;d úYd, ckdjdihla' fld<U k.rfha yd ta ;Þikak m%foaYhkays

isá wh kej; mÈxÑ l< ia:dkhla' ta ia:dkfha j¾I .Kkdjlau b;d wmyiqfjka mÈxÑj isg

lghq;= l<" ta m%cdfõ m%cd iñ;sj, Wkkaÿj ksidu wo fï .u fnfyúka ixj¾Okh

ù ;sfnkjd' uu ys;kjd ta w;a±lSu wmg b;d jeo.;a fõú' fldfyduo ta wh ;uka mÈxÑ m%foaYh

ixj¾Okh lr.;af;a lsh,d' uu leu;shs wdrdOkd lrkak ud,kS uy;añhg;a" wkqr

uy;auhdg;a meñK Tnf.a w;a±lSï wm iuÕ fnod.kakd f,ig'

nfvda´úg >k wmøjH l<ukdlrK jHdmD;sh ms<sn| ud,kS uy;añhf.a

bosrsm;alsÍu

fï jf.a jeo.;a jev igyklg weú;a fufyu woyia m%ldY

lrkak wms jf.a whg wjia:dj ,enqfKa wms m%cd

kdhl;ajh orñka m%cdjg Wmldr lrk ish¨u wdh;k

tkï rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk ish¿u wdh;k;a ixúOdk;a

tlal tl;= fj,d jev l< ksid yd ta ixúOdkj,ska wm

±kqj;a l< ksid nj ud uq,skau mejish hq;=hs' ta .ek uu

uf.a lD;{;djh ta yeu fj;u m< lr isákjd'

uu ys;kjd wfma mgka .ekafï isgu fï .ek l:d lf<d;a fyd|hs lsh,d' ta ksid uu

leu;shs wms nfvdaúg .ug meñKs ojfia isg fï l;dka;rh wdrïN lrkak' ta jf.au

uu leu;shs uf.a l:dfjka miq wm fï w;am;a lr f.k we;s ch.%yK iy

105

ixj¾Okh ms<sn| Tn yeuf.a isf;ys kefÕk m%Yak uf.ka fkdmels<j úuikjd kï'

fï l;dj werfUk úg wm mosxÑj isáfha je,a,j;a;" kdrdfyakamsg jeks m%foaYj,

we< ud¾.h wdYs%;jh' uy .xj;=r ld,fhaoS wmg ta we, bjqfrka bj;a ù wo wm osú

f.jk fuu nfvdaúg kï .ïudkhg meñKSug isÿ úh' ksjdi ixj¾Ok wêldßh;a

my;a ìï ixj¾Ok uKav,h;a tl;= ù nfvdaúg .ug wm f.kú;a wmg m¾pia fol

ne.ska bvï lÜá ,nd § wmg tys mÈxÑ jk f,i okajk ,os'

wm tfia tys mÈxÑ jk wjia:dfõ wmg c, myiqlï" jeisls<s myiqlï lsisjla

fkd;sìK' wm nfvdaúgg f.k tk ,oafoao g%elagrhl mgjd f.kh' wmg ,enqKq

m¾pia fofla bvfï wms ,E,sj,ska f.j,a idod.; hq;=j ;sìK' kuq;a wms jeä fofkla

/lshdj,a lf<a fï m%foaYfhka msg je,a,j;a;" kdrdfyakamsg jeks m%foaYj,h' wfma

<uqka mdie,a .sfha o ta m%foaYj,gh' fï ksid nfvdaúgg meñKSu ksid wmg ;snqKq

myiqlï fndfyduhla wvq úh' tfukau fufia wm fuu m%foaYhg f.keú;a ±ófuka

miq k.r iNdj fyda ksjdi ixj¾Ok wêldßh fyda fjk;a lsisu wdh;khla wm .ek

lreKq fidhd ne¨fõ ke;' rcfhka lf<a wm fu;ekg f.keú;a ±óu muks' wfma

wirKlu .ek fidhd ne,Sug lsisfjl= fkdisá w;r wmg ±kqfka wm isr wviaishlg

m;a l<dla fiah'

ta ld,h tkï 1992 w.Nd.h muK jk úg wm mÈxÑ fï jHdmD;s m%foaYfha bvï

wlalr 30 - 35 la muK ;sìK' mjq,lg m¾pia fol ne.ska bvï lene,s ,nd foñka

mjq,a wgish .Kkla fuys f.keú;a mÈxÑ lrk ,È' ish¿u mjq,aj,g ;snqfka fmdÿ

jeisls<s myiqlï h' ;snqKq jeisls<s ixLHdj wkqj tla jeisls<shla 40-45 w;r ckhd

úiska mdúÉÑ l< hq;=j ;sìK' fufia fmdÿ jeisls<s ;snqk o wmg c, iemhqula

fkdùh' nfvdaúg wi, ;snqKq m%Odk md,u <Õg W±ik njqirhlska c,h f.k wd

w;r ta i|yd wmg ysñÈßfha isg fmda,sfï isàug isÿ úh' fuys mÈxÑj isá wm ish¿

fokdu wvq wdÞhï,dNSka jQ w;r ta jk úg wmg njqirfhka imhk

c,h ,nd .ekSug ;rï m%udKj;a úYd, Ndck o wm i;=j fkd;sìK' wm

<Õ ;snqfKa l=vd ner,a" ma,diaála Ndck fyda l< jeks Ndckh' wmg c,h ,nd ÿka

njqirfha lrdufhka ksl=;a flfrk c, m%udKh fnfyúka úYd, jQ w;r taa ksid

wm tla Ndckhla j;=frka mqrjd .kakd úg Bg jvd jeä c, m%udKhla ìu

je.sßK' wmg c,h ,enqfka ta wdldrhgh'

fï ld,fha§ ksjdi ixj¾Ok wêldßh ueÈy;a j m%cdj ±kqj;a lsÍug mgka

f.k ;sìK' fï jk úg wms fnfyúka wmyiq ;;a;ajhla ueo Èú f.jñka isá w;r

wfma m%cdj tla ù wm uqyqK md isák wmyiqlï .ek k.r iNdjg o ±kqï § k.r

106

iNdj iuÕ fï .ek idlÉPd lrkakg mgka .;a w;r kd.ßl ckdjdi jev igyk

yd chsld hk ixúOdk o wm yd iïnkaO fjñka wmg Woõ lsÍug jEhï l<y' Tjqyq

fkdfhl=;a lreKq .ek wm ±kqj;a lsÍug mgka .;ay' Tjqka ueÈy;a ù wmg c,

gexlshla idÞ ÿka w;r bka miq njqirfhka tu gexlshg j;=r f.keú;a msr jq w;r

wms fmda,sfï f.dia tu gexlsfhka c,h ,nd .;suq' fufia c, iemhqï m%Yakhg tjeks

úi÷ula ,eìK'

fï wjêfha§ wmg iïnkaOj isá úúO rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk wdh;k ish,a, iuÕ

tl;=j wfma m%Yak .ek wms ksr;=reju idlÉPd lf<uq' ±kqj;a jqfkuq' fï jk úg wm

m%cd ixj¾Ok iñ;shla f.dv kÕd f.k isá w;r ta yryd ixj¾Ok jev

ms<sfj,j,a .ek ie,iqï lf<uq' fï jk úg wmg úYd, m%Yakhlaj ;snqfka jeisls<ss

m%Yakhhs' tys § my;a ìï ixj¾Ok uKav,h wfma jeisls<s i|yd úYd, .,shla yd

gexlshla bÈ lr ÿkay' jeisls,s moaO;sh o úYd, lrk ,È' tfy;a ;ju;a fndfyda

jeishkag ;ksju ;u ksji i|yd fjkuu jeisls<shla bÈ lr .ekSug Yla;shla ;snqfka

ke;' tneúka wmg iyfhda.h ÿka wdh;k yd ixúOdkj,ska iuyr ksjeishkag jeisls<s

fmdaÉÑ" k<" yd bÈ lsÍï øjH wdOdrhla jYfhka ,nd fok ,È' iuyr ksjeishka ;u

j;alï yd yelshd fhdÞ .ksñka jeisls<s idÞ .;a w;r iuyfrla tjeks wdOdr ,nd

f.k tajd bÈ lr .;ay' fï wdldrfhka jeisls<s m%Yakh úi|d .;suq'

wfma ksjdi idÞ .ekSu i|yd wmg ksjdi ixj¾Ok wêldßfhka re' 20"000l

Khla ,nd fok ,È' ta uqo, Ndú;fhka wms wmg yels wdldrhg wfma ksfjia

idÞ .;suq' kuq;a wfma c, m%Yakh wmg lrorhlaju mej;sK' fï jkúg ckdjdihg

fmdÿ c, lrdu iú fldg ;snqKq kuq;a 40 la muK ckhd tl lrduhlska

c,h ,nd .; hq;=j ;sìK' frÈ fia§u" Èh kEu" ksjfia wjYH;dj,g c,h .ekSu"

<uqka kEùu jeks ish¿ lghq;= ish¿ fokd úiska fuu fmdÿ lrduh yryd lr .;

hq;=j ;sìK' tneúka c, lrduh wi, ks;ru È.= fmda,sula mej;s w;r ksjeisfhda

t;ek § c,h i|yd wËonr" ikavq irej,a lr .;ay' c, m%Yakh úi|d .ekSug wmg

chsld ixúOdkfha cmka cd;sl iafõÉPd fiajl fiaúldfjda fnfyúka iyfhda.h

ÿkay' Tjqka wm iuÕ tla j idlÉPd fldg kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßh" ksjdi

ixj¾Ok wêldßh yd rdcH fkdjk wdh;k yd fjk;a wdh;k o iïnkaO

lr .ksñka fï wjYH;dj bgq lr .kakd wdldrh .ek wmg Wmfoia ,nd ÿkay'

c,h ,nd .ekSu i|yd úYd, k<ud¾.hla ilia lr hq;=j ;sìK' ta i|yd wmg

cmka ráka wdOdr ,eî th lr .; yelss úh' bka miq f.j,aj,g k<

c,h ,nd .ekSu wjYH úh' fï i|yd wmg .e,fmk l%uhla ks¾udKh lr .ekSug

wms fnfyúka idlÉPd lf<uq' wms ta i|yd fnfyúka fjfyi uykais ±refjuq'

107

wk;=rej fmdl=re l%uhlg c,h ,nd .ekSug wms lghq;= fhÿfjuq' ta wkqj fmdl=re

l%uhg c,h ,nd .;a l< tl f.j,a fma,shl isák ish¿u mjq,aj,g tkï mjq,a 8

g fyda 10 g fmdÿfõ c, iemhqu ,nd §ug c, iïmdok uKav,h tlÕ úh' iaj,am

ld,hlg miq wmg yelshdj ,enqKq l< fm!oa.,slju wmf.a ksjdij,g wmg k<

c, iemhqu ,nd .; yels nj c, iïmdok uKav,h úiska wmg myÞ fok ,È' tf;la

wms fmdl=re l%uh hgf;a fmdÿ c, ì,la f.ùug tl, jQfjuq'

ta wdldrhg c,h ,nd f.k ál ld,hla hk úg" wmg fjka fjkaj wmf.a ksfjiaj,g

k< c, k< iemhqu ,nd .ekSug wjYH;djh ;Èka ±fkkakg mgka .;a w;r ta i|yd

uqo,ayo,a we;s wh" ;u ksjdij,g tfia fjkuu c, iemhqu we;s lr .;ay' tfy;a ta

i|yd m%udKj;a uqo,a ke;s whg fuh m%Yakhla úh' tys § foysj, .,alsiai k.r

iNdfõ uka;%Sjre fï .ek c, iïmdok uKav,h iuÕ idlÉPd fldg re' 4000 l jeks

uqo,lska wvq wdÞhï,dNSkag o c,h ,nd .; yels jk fia l%uhla ilia fldg ÿkay'

ta i|yd re'2000 l Kh uqo,la wmg nexl=jla yryd ,nd ÿka w;r b;sß re' 2000 wmg

w;ska f.jk f,i mjik ,È' thska wfma c, m%Yakh o úi¢K' yeu mjq,lgu ;u

ksfjiaj,g fjka fjkaj c,h ,nd .ekSug yels úh'

B ,Õg wmg úi|d .; hq;=j ;snqfKa wm-c,h nei hdu ms<sn| .eg¿jls' wm-c,h

nei .sfha f.j,a fma<s 2 la ueÈka msysgd ;snqKq wä 5 l mr;rh ;=<h' ish¿u f.j,aj,

wmsßisÿ c,h nei .sfha fï ldKqj Tiafiah' ldKqfjka fï c,h .,d hduo yß yeá

isÿ jQfõ ke;' fï wm-c,h .,d hk ud¾.h ms<silr fldg ta i|yd ksis mßÈ ldKq

moaO;shla ilia lr .ekSu i|yd wmg kd.ßl ckdjdi m%j¾Okh kï jev igykska

iyfhda.h ,eìK' Tjqyq fï .ek wm iuÕ idlÉPd fldg fuh l< hq;af;a flfia±hs

hkak .ek wm ±kqj;a l<y' ldKq iE§u i|yd uQ,H m%;smdok imhk ,oafoa cmka

iafõÉPd ixúOdkh uÕsks' m%foaYfha m%cdj tla ù m%cd Þhl;ajfhka ldKq bÈ l<

hq;=j ;sìK' fï i|yd Þhl;ajh ,nd §ug wfma m%cdfõ iuyre leu;a; ±lajQfha

ke;' Tjqkaf.a Þhl;ajh ta i|yd ,nd .ekSug wms fndfyda fihska Tjqkag lreKq

f;areï lr ÿksuq' m%cdj Þhl;ajh imhk ksid fuh m%cdjgu wh;a jk nj;a ta

ksidu m%cdj úiska fuh wdrlaId lr .kakd nj;a hkd§ jYfhka wms fï .ek myÞ

ÿksuq' fï wdldrfhka wms fï lghq;a; i|yd m%cdfõ Þhl;ajh ,nd .;a w;r iuyr

wh leu;s lrjd .kakd ,oafoa n,fhka fuks' wk;=rej cmka iafõÉPd ixúOdkfha

uQ,HOdr ,nd f.k m%cd Þhl;ajfhka ldKqj bÈ lr .ekSfï lghq;= lr .ekSug

wmg yels úh'

fï lghq;af;a§ ldKq bÈ lsÍu isÿ jQfha ;rÕhg fuks' ula ksido h;a m%cdj ;=,ska

fï lghq;a; i|yd ta ;rï Wkkaÿjla Wjukdjla mek keÕ=Kq neúks' Tjqka fï .ek

108

fyd¢ka ±kqj;a jQ w;r fï wjYH;djh o Tjqkag fyd¢ka ±kqkq ksid Èjd ? ksÈ

fkd;ld fiajh l<y' wms wfma m%cd ixj¾Ok iñ;shg bÈ lsÍfï fldka;%d;a;=j ,nd

f.k" m%cdj jk wms Y%uh j.=rñka jev lf<uq'

fuys§ mejish hq;= ;j;a jeo.;a lreKla jkafka c, iemhqï yd jeisls<s moaO;s

kv;a;= lr f.k hdu .ek wmg wjfndaOhla fkd;snqKq neúka ta iuyr lghq;=

m%:ujrg lrk úg msg;g fldka;%d;a § ta fiajd ,nd .ekSug wmg isÿ jQ njhs' kuq;a

tjeks kv;a;= lghq;= mjd Tjqka úiska bgq lrkq n,d ys| bf.k f.k wmsu tu

lghq;= lr .ekSug mqreÿ jqfkuq' fï ish,a, fufia isÿ lr .ekSug yels jQfha

m%cdjf.a Wjukdj yd iyNd.s;ajh fya;= fldg f.kh'

fufia wm uqyqK mE .eg¿j,§ rdcH wdh;k" rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk"

foysj, .,alsiai uy k.r iNdj jeks ish¿ ixúOdk iuÕ tla ù idlÉPd lrñka

±kqj;a fjñka uqyqK ÿka yeu m%Yakhlau úi|d .ksñka bÈßhg mshjr ;enQ wmg ó

<Õg w; .eiSug isÿ jqfha le<ss li< neyer lsÍfï m%Yakhgh' wfma ckhd mdf¾ we;s

l+Kq nlalsj,g l=Kq ±óug mqreÿj isáhy' fufia fï nlalsj,g l=Kq ouk l, tajd

mdr mqrd o jeà úisÍ hñka ;snqKq w;r ksoe,af,a ießirk n,a,ka" .jhka jeks i;=ka

fï l=Kq nlalsj,g nei fï l=Kq mdrg weo ±óug mqreÿj isáhy' fujeks

wjia:dj,§ wms yeuúgu lf<a k.r iNdjg f.dia tu l=Kq /f.k hk f,ig

Tjqkag lror lsÍuh' tfy;a k.r iNdfjka o tfia l=Kq /f.k .sfha

udi .Kka ;siafia wm Tjqkag ta .ek meñKs<s l< miqh'

fï w;f¾ § kd.ßl ixj¾Ok m%j¾Ok jev igyk yd cmka iafõÉPd fiajl

fiaúldfjda tla ù >K wmøjH l<ukdlrKh yd ta ms<sn| lghq;= lrk úúO

ixúOdk .ek wm ±kqj;a l< y' fï ld,fha§ >K wmøjH l<ukdlrKh ms<sn|

wjfndaOhla ,nd .kq msKsi wfma iñ;sfha ksfhdað;fhl=g nexfldla kqjrg

pdßldjl hdug wjia:dj ,eìK' ta i|yd ud msg;a lr heùug ;SrKh úh' ta jk

úg uu taldnoaO m%cd ixj¾Ok iñ;sfha f,alï jYfhka lghq;= lrñks isáfhñ'

fuu wOHhk pdßldjg foysj,-.,alsiai yd fldaÜfÜ k.r iNdj, ksfhdað;fhdao

fjk;a m%cd kdhl kdhsldfjdao iyNd.s jQy' tfy;a nexfldla kqjr§ wmg wfma is;a

i;ka i;=gq lrjk lsisu fohla ±l .kakg fkd,eìK' Tjqka wm f.k .sh

iEu ;eklau wmøjH l<ukdlrK iïnkaO lghq;= flfrk ia:dk úh'

iEu ;ekl§u wms ÿgqfõ l=Kq f.dvj,a jqqqqjo tajd wmg fmkajk ,oafoa iïm;la

yeáhgh' fï ish,a, ±l .ekSfuka miq ud ;=< ±ä wêIaGdkhla we;s úh' ta wfma .fïo

fujeks jHdmD;shla mgka .kakd njgh'

109

wdmiq meñKSfuka miq uu fï .ek ls%hd;aul ùug mgka .;sñ' fï jk úg wfma m%cd

ixj¾Ok iñ;s yhla ;sìK' Bg fya;=j jQfha nfvdaúg .u wÈhr 6 lska hqla;j

mej;Suhs' tu wÈhr yhg wkqj iñ;s o yhla we;s jQ w;r tu iñ;sj, kdhlfhda

fjk fjku jev l<d ñi taldnoaOj jev lghq;= lsÍug mqreÿj isáfha ke;' tneúka

uu fuys § m<uqfjks iñ;sfha f,alï wkqr uy;dg fï .ek lreKq mjid fï l=Kq

l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| jHdmD;sh wmg tla ù l< yelalla nj Tyqg meyeÈ,s lf<ñ'

tfia kï wfma iñ;sj,ska fuh wdrïN lsÍu iqÿiqhhs hkak Tyqf.a woyi úh' uu o

Bg tlÕ jqfKñ'

fuys§ wms iñ;s yhu taldnoaO fldg taldnoaO iñ;shla f.dv keÕ=fjuq' fï iñ;sfha

NdKavd.dßl jQfha wkqr uy;d h' f,alï f,i m;a jQfha uu h' fï wdldrfhka

taldnoaO m%cd ixj¾Ok iñ;sh msysgqjd f.k kd.ßl ckdjdi m%j¾Ok jev

igyk;a" chsld wdh;kh;a" foysj, .,alsiai uy k.r iNdj;a" wmg Wmldr lrk

fjk;a iafõÉPd wdh;k;a" m%cdj;a tla ù lKavdhï jYfhka f.hska f.g f.dia

lreKq meyeÈ,s fldg ksfjiaj, tl;= lrk l=Kq wmg ,nd fok f,i b,a,d isáfhuq'

lvÞis" ldâfndaâ" fmd,s;ska" fmd,algq" áka" ;yvq hkd§ fï ish,a,lau l=Kq

nlalsj,g fkdÞ wmg fok f,i ±kajqfjuq' k.r iNdfõ l=Kq g%elagrhg tajd Ndr

fkdfok f,ig ckhd ±kqj;a lf<uq'

l=Kq /ialr .ekSu i|yd wmg ia:dkhla fkd;sìK' fuys § m<uqjk iñ;sfha f,alï

jQ wkqr uy;d fï ld¾hh i|yd tu iñ;sfha m%cdYd,dj f.dvkeÕs,a, ,nd §ug

fmdfrdkaÿ úh' fï ld¾hhg Wmldr lsÍu iz|yd ldka;djka fofofkl=o bÈßm;a

jQy' bka miq wms fï wmøjH l<ukdlrKh lsßfï jev igyk ls%hd;aul fldg

mj;ajd f.k .sfhuq' wjqreoaola ;siafiau wkqr uy;d fuu jev igyk mj;ajd f.k

hdug lghq;= lf<a lsisÿ §ukdjla mjd fkd,nñks' ta w;r fï jev igyfka fiajh

i|yd ;j;a uy;aufhl=g izq¿ §ukdjla f.jñka Tyqo fï m%cd fiajhg tla lr .;suq'

fï jev igyk mj;ajd f.k hdfï § wmg fndfyda ukqIHhkaf.ka weKqï

neKqï ,eîug isÿ jQ njo fuys ,d i|yka l< hq;=h'

miqj wmsg jev igyk mj;ajd f.k hdu i|yd my;a ìï ixj¾Ok uKav,fhka

ia:dkhla ,eìK' fï jev igyk mj;ajd f.k hdu i|yd wmg kd.ßl ixj¾Ok

wêldßh" chsld wdh;kh yd fjk;a rdcH fkdjk wdh;k;a" foysj, .,alsiai k.r

iNdj;a kd.ßl ckdjdi jev igyk;a Wmldr l<y'

wmg wfma ixj¾Ok jev igykaj, fï uÜgug meñKSug yels jqfha m%cdfõ tl;=j

110

ksidh' m%cdj ±kqj;a ùu lrk fldg f.kh' tfukau úúO wdh;kj, ks,OdÍka wmg

Wmldr l, neúks' ks,OdÍka yd m%cdj tl;= jkafka kï" wm fomd¾Yajh tlsfkldg

ijka fokafka kï ixj¾Ok jev igyka mj;ajd f.k hdu fnfyúka myiq fõ'

m%cdj ±kqj;a lsÍu fnfyúka wudre ld¾hhls' m%cdfõ iuyreka iuÕ .egqï mjd

we;s jk nj fkdryils' tfy;a flfia fyda ckhd ±kqj;a fldg m%cdj tluq;= l<

hq;=h' tfia fkdue;sj fujeks jev igyka mj;ajd f.k hdu wiSre jkq we;' tfukau

fujeks fmdÿ fiajd lghq;=j, fhfok l, wms fkdfhl=;a fodaIdfrdamK weiSug o

iQÞkñka isáh hq;=h'

fu;eka isg wfma l<ukdlre jk wkqr uy;d fï .ek ;jÿrg;a wmg úia;r meyeÈ,s

lrkq we;'

wkqr uy;d

nfvda´úg wmf.a le<s li< uOHia:dkfha jev lghq;= .ek flá úia;rhla uuo

Tng bÈßm;a lrñ'

fï uOHia:dkh uy;a mßY%uhla ord f.dv kÕk ,ooals' fï

uOHiaa:dkh ;=,ska wo wms nfvdaúg le<s li< m%Yakh 90] la

muK úi|d we;af;uq' wo ,xldfõ ´kEu m<d;a md,k

wdh;khl fkdúi£ ;sfnk úYd, m%Yakhla ù we;af;a wmøjH

neyer lsÍfï m%Yakhhs' tfy;a nfvdaúg wmg kï l=Kq

m%Yakhlg jvd iïm;ls' wfma ixLHd f,aLkj,g wkqj miq .sh

wjqreoafoa nfvdaúg uOHia:dkfhka wms remsh,a tla ,CI úisodia wgish .Kkl

wmøjH NdKav wf,ú fldg we;af;uq' wfma fufia wf,ú fldg .kakd wdÞhfuka

fldgila m%cdjg o ,efnkafka h' wm m%cdjf.ka fuu wmøjH ,nd .kafka Tjqkag ta

i|yd uqo,a f.jñks'

fuu wmøjH wm tl;= lr .kafka f.hla f.hla mdid hñks' fï i|yd wmf.ka

fiaúldjka fofofkl= o k.r iNdfjka ;sfofkl= o isá;s' Tjqka tu

f.j,aj,ska ,nd .kakd wmøjH NdKav m%udKh f,aLk.; lr .ks;s' wk;=rej tu

NdKav le<sli< uOHia:dkhg f.keú;a udihlg fyda follg miq ta nvqj,

jákdlug Tjqkag uqo,a f.jkq ,efí' miq .sh wjqreoafoa wms tfia remsh,a wkqy;r

oyia .Kkla m%cdjg f.jd we;af;uq' b;sß uqo,a wm m%cd uOia:dkfha wjYH;d i|yd

fhdojd f.k ;sfí' ±ka wfma m%cdj fï jev igykg fnfyúka yqremqreÿj isá;s'

111

,xldfõ wo nrm;< f,i mj;sk l=Kqli< m%Yakhg fuh m%Odk;u úi÷ula nj

ug j.lSfuka hqla;j mejish yel' tfy;a fndfyda fofkl= fï wdldrhg fkdis;Su

wjdikdjg lreKls' ;j;a jeo.;a lreKla jkafka ,xldfõ m<d;a md,k

wdh;khlska m%:u jrg le<sli< uOHia:dkhla bÈ lf<a nfvdaúg .ïudkfha ùuhs'

kuq;a fujeks jev igyka .ek fuf;la lsisÿ ksjerÈ we.hSula fkdùu lK.dgqjg

lreKls' miq.sh ld,fha úúO wdh;kj,ska meñK fï jev igyk ksÍlaIKh l<

nj ienEjls' kuq;a fï jk f;la fujeks jev igyka bÈßh lrd f.k hdu i|yd

lsisu iïnkaëlrKhla isÿ ù ke;' yeu k.r iNdjlu" iEu m<d;a md,k

wdh;khlu fujeks jev igyka wrUkafka kï th úYd, fiajdjls' wmf.a fï jev

igyk ksid fï k.rhg fojirla ;=< § tk l=Kq m%udKh fgdka 30 la k;r lsÍug

wms iu;a jQfhuq' fï jev igyk ;=<ska li< 90] la olajdu wju lsÍfï ;;a;ajhka

wm úiska we;s lr ;sfí' le<s li< wju lsÍu iïnkaOfhka wms fï jev igykska

id¾:l m%;sm, fk,df.k we;af;uq' wm fufia m%;splS%hlrKh fkdfldg fï l=Kq

tl;= ù kï isÿ jkafka l=ulao@ ±ka wms ta l=Kq iïmQ¾Kfhkau uqo,a njg m;alf<uq'

wms fï jev igyk wdrïN lf<a re' 5000$-lsks' ±ka wmg re'60"000l muK

iaÓr ;ekam;= o ;sfí' wm fufia uqo,a jYfhka nexl=fõ ;ekam;a fldg we;af;a l=Kqj,

jákdluh' fujeks jev igyka ú/lshdjgo ms,s;=rls' fï jev igyk id¾:l

lr .ekSfï § wmg jeo.;a jQ ;j;a lreKla jQfha fiiq rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk

wdh;k iuÕ wm meje;a jQ iïnkaêlrKhhs' tjlg isá md¾,sfïka;= uka;%Sjrhd

iuÕ wms fkdlvjd fmdÿ /iaùula meje;ajQfjuq' m%foaYfha ish¿ rdcH yd rdcH

fkdjk wdh;k ksfhdað;hka iyNd.s jQ ta fmdÿ /iaùfï § iEfyk jev fldgila

lr .ekSug wms iu;a jQfjuq' iEu /iaùul§u wms wfma wvqmdvqlï iudf,dapkh

lf<uq' bIag lr .; hq;=j ;sfnk jev fldgia .ek ;SrK .;suq' B<Õ udifha

/iaùug fmr tu wvqmdvqlï yd wjYH;djhka imqrd .ekSug wm mßY%u ±refjuq'

tjeks YslaIKhla we;sj lghq;= l< neúka wmg fï jev igyk id¾:lj mj;ajd

f.k hdug yels úh'

ia;+;shs'

myiqlï i,ikakd

;u jev igyk .ek lreKq bÈßm;a lsÍu wms ud,kS uy;añhg;a" wkqr uy;dg;a"

fnfyúka ia;+;sjka; fjuq' fuh wms iEu flfkl= úiskau fyd¢ka úuid ne,sh hq;=

we.hSula l< hq;= jev igykls' tneúka ;j;a u| fõ,djla f.k fï ms<sn| jeäÿr

úia;r ±k.ekSug" m%Yak lsÍug wm lghq;= l, hq;=hhs uu is;ñ'

112

m<uqjk m%Yakh ^ldka;djla&

uu bkafka iurfldaka j;af;a' wfma j;af;a 265 muK ck.yKhla bkakjd' ta whg

l=Kq oukaak ;ekla keye' tal ksid wm-c,h neyef.k hk ldKqjg ;uhs l=kq"

úfYaIfhka fmd,s;ska nE.a oukafka' tal wmg úYd, m%Yakhla jqKd' k.r iNdfjka

l=Kq f.k hkak Èkm;d tkafka keye' iqudk 2 g jrla jf.a ;uhs tkafka' b;ska fï

ud,kS uy;añh mejiQ l=Kq tl;= lrk l%uh .ek ;j ÿrg;a meyeÈ,s lf<d;a fyd|hs

lsh,d uu ys;kjd'

ud,kS

fmd,s;Ska yd fjk;a wmøjH c,h nei hk ldKqjg úis lsÍu fnfyúka jerÈ

lghq;a;la nj wms oksuq' ula ksido h;a c,h wmú;% ù" úIîc fnda ù f,v frda. fnda

jkafka wmguh' mßirh o wmssßisÿ fõ' fï .ek Tn m%cdfõ ckhd tla ù k.r

iNdjg f.dia tys ks,OdÍka iuÕ fï .ek idlÉPd l< hq;=h' fuys § jeo.;a jk

ldrKhla jkafka fkdmiqngj" Tnf.a m%h;akh w;ruÕ w;a fkdyer" ìh fkdù

Tjqka iuÕ oCI f,i l:d lsÍuhs' Tn Pkaoh § m;a lr f.k we;s uka;%Sjrhd iuÕ

fï .ek l;d lrkak' Tnf.a wmøjH m%Yakh úi|d .ekSug ueÈy;a ù Wmldr lrk

f,ig Tyqf.ka b,a,d isákak'

Èrdm;a jk wmøjH fjku;a" fkdÈrk wmøjH fjku;a /ialsÍug hï bvlvla

wjYH fõ' Èrk øjH i|yd ner,a tlla jeks Ndckhla jqjo idod .; yel' ke;s

kï .,aj,ska jqj o ;ekla idod .ekSug mq¿jk' ta wdldrhg tla/ia lsÍfuka Èrk

øjHj,ska fjkuu o fkdÈrk øjHj,ska fjkuuo m%fhdack .; yel' ldnkslj

Èrdm;a jk l+Kq" fmdfydr njg yrjd .ekSug bv lv ;sfí kï w.fkah' fmd,algq"

fmd,s;ska" ldâfndaâ" ma,diaála" áka iEu fohla u tla/ia l< hq;=h' úYd,

ldâfndaâ yd l=vd ldâ fndaâ lene,s o úYd, m;% muKla fkdj l=vd m;%

lene,sj,go uqo,a ,nd .; yel' tajd fjka fjkaj tla/ia l< hq;=h' fï iEu

fohlau ñ,g .kakd wdh;k ;sfí' ta wdh;k .ek Tng wmf.ka ±k.; yel' ùÿre

j¾." j¾Kh wkqj fjka lr ÿka l< ùÿre lgq mjd wf,ú lsÍug mq¿jk' fmd,s;ska

u¿" fIdmska nE.a hkdÈh leg lsÍfï l%uh .ek ±kqula ,ndf.k ta wkqj ls%hd

l<fyd;a tu fmd,s;ska leg jeä ñ<lg §ug mq¿jk' tjeks ±kqu o wmg ,enqfka fï

iïnkaOj lghq;= lrk wdh;kj,sks'

fuu øjH m%jdykh i|yd o Tn fjfyish hq;= ke;' iuyr wdh;k uqo,a f.jd Tjqka

u meñK tajd /f.k hk neúks' iuyr fj<| jHdmdßlhka fuu øjH i|yd

f.jk .dia;= m%udKj;a fkdfõ kï tajd ñ< § .ekSu i|yd fjk;a fj<|

113

jHdmdßlhka o Tng fidhd.; yel' ta wkqj fuh id¾:l fj<| jHdmdrhla o

fõ' .fï l=Kq m%Yakh úi|d .ekSu;a wdÞhu Wmojd .ekSu;a fuuÕska isÿ fõ' Tn l<

hq;af;a fï wmøjH tla/ia lsÍug ia:dk ilid .ekSuhs'

ñ< .Kka ;SrKh lr .ekSfï§ wmg jdis jk f,i tu ;SrKj,g t<öug o hï

olaI;djhla we;s lr .; hq;=h' tfukau uQ,sl lghq;= weröug Tng uqo,a fkdue;s

kï rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk wdh;k ks,OdÍka iuÕ idlÉPd fldg Khla ,nd .;

yel'

fuh id¾:l lr.; yelafla Tnf.a lem ùu u;h' wm fï i|yd wm lem úh hq;=h'

tfukau fuh wksjd¾hfhkau id¾:l lr .; yels jevigykls'

nfvdaúg .ïudkfha ck.yKh ±ka 6000 g jvd jeäh' kuq;a ±ka wm ls%hd;aul lrk

fuu wmøjH plS%hlrKh yd fiiq ixj¾Ok jev igyka ksid wfma .u fnfyúka

ÈhqKq ù ;sfí' m%cdj me;af;ka fukau /lshd kshqla;sh w;ska o ÈhqKq ù ;sfí'

;j;a fï iïnkaOj meyeÈ,s lr.; hq;= m%Yak ;sfí kï wfmka úuik f,i wms b,a,uq'

rxð;a uy;d

fujeks jev igykla lrk úg m%foaYfha ish¨u wdh;k iyNd.sùu b;du;au

jeo.;a hk nj uf.a woyihs' k.r iNdfõ ks,OdÍka" m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,fha

ks,OdÍka" .%du ks,OdÍka" rdcH ixúOdk yd rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk tlu

lKavdhula yeáhg jev lrk ;;ajhlg meñKSug wmg yels úh hq;=h' tfukau

wms w;am;a lr .kakd fujeks M,odhS w;a±lSï fjk;a ia:dkj,go f.khduo óg jvd

jeämqr isÿ úh hq;=h' fuys§ l;d l< tla uy;aufhla woyia bÈßm;a l< wdldrhg

fujeks jevigyka id¾:l ùug kï m%cd uQ, uÜgfuka ckhd ±kqj;a úh hq;=h'

nfvdaúg § ta lghq;a; b;du;a uekúka isÿ ù ;sfí' m%cdj ±kqj;a ù m%cdfõ

Þhl;ajh ,nd f.k m%cdj úiskau wjYH lghq;= fldg tys m%;s,dN m%cdju ,nd

f.k ;sfí' tfukau fï >K wmøjH l<ukdlrK jev igyk uÕska cd;sl uÜgñka

rfÜ mj;sk .eg¿j,g o hï lsis uÜgul Þhl;ajhla ,nd § ;sfí' fuys§ jeo.;a

jQfha fï jev igykg iïnkaO jQ tla tla mqoa.,hkaf.a ;;ajh yd Tjqkag mejrekq

j.lSï o Tjqka ±la jQ lem ùuh'

cmka ldka;djla

uu ¨kdj jHdmD;sh hgf;a fiajh lrk cmka iafjÉPd fiaúldjla' uu jev lrk

jHdmD;sfha .ïj, l=Kq neyer lsÍfï m%Yakh ;Èka ;sfnkjd' fï .ek wms m%cdj

114

511

yqÕla ±kqj;a l<d' kuq;a m,la fj,d keye' l=Kq /ia lsÍug ner,a ÿkak;a ta

ner,aj,g l=Kq oukafka keye' ta i|yd Wkkaÿjla keye jf.a' fï .ek Tnf.a hï

woyila ;sfí uu ±k .kak leu;shs'

wkqr uy;d

uu Bg ms<s;=rla fokak leu;shs' wms;a f.j,aj,g ÿkakd" l=Kq tl;= lrkak' ner,a

ÿkakd' fijk; wdh;kh uÕska ner,a yeu ksjigu ner,a tl ne.ska ,nd ÿkakd'

k.r iNdfjka o fï i|yd uqo,a fhfoõjd' we;a;gu ner,a l%uh fyd|hs' fjk;a

l%u;a y÷kaj,d ÿkakd' ta;a m%cdfõ ta;rï ie,ls,a,la ;snqfKa kE' wms ta .ek fidhd

ne¨jd' tla flfkl=g ;sfnkafka m¾pia 2 l bvuls' ta m¾pia 2 u msfrkakhs f.a

yo,d ;sfhkafka' ta wh lshkafka fï m¾pia 2 l=vd f.or l=Kq u,a,la" ner,a

tlla ;shd .kak wudrehs lshk tlhs' we;a;gu bv lv uÈ tajd lrkak' ta ksid

ñksiqkag nrla fkdfjkakhs fï l=Kq tl;= lsÍu l< hq;af;a' l+Kq /ialsÍug wms

uyckhdg u¿ fokjd kï b;d blauKska wms ta l=Kq iys; u¿ wdmiq tl;= lr .;

hq;=hs' ta jf.au wms fï l=Kqj,g uqo,auh jákdlula we;s nj Tjqkag fmkajd§u b;d

jeo.;a' wms o;a ueo,d whska lrk o;a nqreiqj mjd wms úis l< hq;= kE' oka;df,amh

wiqrd we;s fmÜáhj;a" tu áhqí tlj;a" tAfla uQähj;a úis lrkak wjYH ke;s nj;a

fï yeu tllgu ñ<hla ,nd .; yels nj;a wm Tjqkag jgyd Èh hq;=hs' tfyu

wd¾Ól jdishla Tjqkag ,efnk njg Tjqka ±kqj;a fkdlf<d;a wmg fujeks

jevigykla id¾:lj lrf.k hkak ,efnkafka keye' ta whg ta;a;= hkak ́ k fuu

wmøjHj,g uqo,auh jákdlula we;s nj' tfyu ±kqj;a fldg Tjqka wmg fok

nvqj,g mud fkdfldg ñ< f.jkak ´k'

;j;a ldka;djla

wms fï .ek ish¿u m%cdjg ksishdldr ±kqula ,nd Èh hq;=hs' u¿j,g l=Kq tl;=

lr .kak yeá" l=Kq fjka lrk yeá" ñ< § .kakd wdh;k .ek" tajdfha ñ< .Kka

fldfyduo lshk tl" fï lghq;= lrk w;f¾ uqyqK §ug isÿjk .eg¿ fudkjdo"

fï yeu me;af;kau w;a±lSï ,;a lKavdhula úÈhg wmg fï nfvdaúg lKavdhu

y÷kajkak mq¿jka' uu ys;k úÈhg fuu lKavdhu fjk;a m%cdjka lrd;a le|jd

f.k f.dia tu m%cdjkq;a fï wh ,jd ±kqj;a l< hq;=hs lshk tlhs uf.a woyi'

Tjqka ,o w;a±lSï .ek ta m%cdjkq;a iuÕ

l:d lrkak ,enqfkd;a uu ys;kjd fï

iïnkaOfhka yqÕdla id¾:l n,mEula ta

m%cdjkag;a lrkak mq¿jka fjhs lsh,d'

ta jf.au fï m%;splS%hlrKh jev

igyk .ek fyd| m%pdrhl=;a ta yryd ,efíú lsh,d uu úYajdi lrkjd' ta ksid fï

lKavdhu uÕska fiiq m%cdjkq;a ±kqj;a lsÍug wm hï lsis l%uhla ilia l< hq;=hhs

uu is;kjd'

ud,kS

tal wmg lrkak mqz¿jka fohla' ´kEu fj,djl ´kEu m<d;lg f.dia .syska fï

le<sli, m%Yakh .ek ckhd ±kqj;a lsÍug;a le<ss li< hkq iïm;la nj fmkajd

§ug;a wm leue;af;uq' tfukau ́ kEu flfkl=g wjYH kï wfma .ugu ú;a fï .ek

wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug o wms bvlv i,id §ug leue;af;uq'

myiqlï I,ikakd

uq,skau fï jev igyk wdrïN lrk úg fï whg rcfha wdh;kj,ska yd k.r

iNdffjka m%;spdr ±lajQfõ flfiao@ Tjqka fï flfrys ljrdlr wdl,amhla ±laùo

tu ks,OdÍkaf.a wdl,am fjkia lsÍug wjYH jQ wjia:dj,§ th lf,a flfiao hkak

hkd§ lreKqo wmg fuhska W.; yels w;a ±lSï h'

ud,kS

ñksiaiq biair we,gu ;uhs l=Kq ±ïfu' b;ska ta ¥IKfhka we, fírd .kak wms k.r

iNdjg .shd' k.r iNdfjka weú;a ne¨jd' wef,a j;=r nyskafka ke;sj l=Kq

udi .Kka m,a fjkjd' mKqfjd;a yeÈ,d' B ,Õg k.r iNdfjka gexlshla bÈ lr,d

ÿkakd' l=Kq oukak lsh,d' kuq;a talg tl;= fjk l=Kq f.kshkafka keye' b;ska wms

k.r iNdjg .syska lsõjdu" ke;skï kd.ßl uka;%Sjrfhl=g lsõjdu wms úi÷ula

fokakï lshkjd' kuq;a úi÷ula ,efnkafka keye' wjidkfha fï kd.ßl m%j¾Ok

jev igyk" fijk; wdh;kh jeks ixúOdk tla ù wm iuÕ idlÉPd fldg wm lSm

fofkla fujeks m%;splS%hlrK lghqq;= flfrk uOHia:dkj,g le|jd f.k.shd

wmg tajd fmkajkak' wm tys§ ÿgq foaj,a" msgrg§ ÿgq foaj,a yd ,nd.;a ±kqu Ndú;d

lrñka ;uhs fï jev igyk l%shd;aul lf<a'

wkqr

wm l=Kq wf,ú lsÍfuka jHdmdrhla lrkjd fkdfõ' wm lrkafka m%cdj iuÕ tl;=

ù m%cdj kÕd isgqùuls' wms nfvdaúgg meñKsfha uv j.=rlgh' tys§ m%cd ixj¾Ok

jHdmD;shla msysgqjd .ekSug wms iu;a jQfhuq' wmg cmka iafõÉPd ixúOdkfhka

Wmldr ,eìK' k.r iNdfõ iuyr jevigykaj,skao wmg iyfhda.h ,eìK'

j;auka id¾:l;ajh w;a lr .ekSug wms úYd, ÿlla úkafouq' lem lsÍula lf<uq'

fndfyda úg hï lghq;a;la lrjd .ekSu i|yd ks,OdÍka uqK .eiSug ojiu .;

lsÍug isÿ úh' iuyr Èkj, wmg wdydrj;a fkdf.k ld¾hd,j, l,aueÍug isÿ

úh' wo nfvdaúg fuu jev igyk fuu ;;ajhg f.k wd yels jQfha wfma ta lemùu

116

u;h' fnfyda úg ks,OdÍka w;ska isÿ úh hq;= lghq;= o wmgu lr.ekSug isÿ úh'

iuyr wjia:dj,§ wmg ks,OdÍka ,jd jev lrjd .ekSug uy;a mßY%u ±Íug isÿ

úh'

lKavdhï fmdaiag¾ bÈßm;a lsÍï – f;jk jgh

ñY% lkavdhï

lKavdhï yhls

fmdaiag¾ wxl 29 - lKavdhï wxl 1 ^f;jk bÈßm;a lsßu &

H.M. iqiSud - H.D.F

isis,ska o ue,a - m%cd kdhsld ^iurfldaka bvu&

,isld Y%Su;s - H.D.F.

ví'tia' úl%uisxy - U.S.I.P

fiõjkaÈ .uf.a - U.S.I.P.

kkaofiak uhd - N.F.P.O.


m%Yakh úi÷u l%shd;aul lrk wdldrh yjq,alrejka

bvï whs;sh

fkdue;slu

ie,eiaulg

wkqj bvï

ksrjq,a lr

iqÿiq mjq,a

i|yd bvï

whs;sh

kS;Hdkql+,j

,nd§u'

fudrgqj k.riNd n,

m%foaYh ;=< ksrjq,a l< hq;= bvï

y÷kd .ekSu'

f,aLK.; lsÍu'

ckdjdi uÜgfuka tu m%cdjkag

whs;sh ,nd §ug iqÿiq mjq,a

y÷kd .ekSu'

m%uqL;d.; lsÍu'

ie,eiaula ilia lsÍu'

fï i|yd l%shd;aul lsÍfï

hdka;%Khla ilia lsÍu'

^lñgqjla&

wÞ, yjq,alrejka y÷kd .ekSu

iy Tjqka taldnoaOù th

l%shd;aul lsÍu

ta ms<sn| we.hSu yd miq úmrï

l%ufõohka f.dv keÕSu'

m%dfoaYSh f,alï

ld¾hd,h'

1' m%dfoaYSh f,alï

2' .%du ks,OdÍ

3' bvï ks,OdÍ

4' iuDoaê ks,OdÍ

k.r iNdj

5' k.rdêm;s

6' m%cd ix'ks,OdÍ

7' ie,iqï ks,OdÍ

8' kd.ßl

bxðfkarejre

9' ñkskafodare fomd'

10' bvï ,shdmÈxÑ

lsÍfï ld¾hd,h

11' m%cd uQ, ixúOdk

117

12' úúO rdcH fkdjk

ixúOdk


yjq,alrejkaf.a iydh ,nd .kakd wdldrh'

1' iïnkaëlrK lsÍu'

2' f;dr;=re /ialsÍug iydh ùu'

3' bvfï m%udKh yd whs;sh ms<sn| iydh ùu'

4' f;dr;=re /ialsÍug iydh ùu'

5' uQ,sl;ajh f.k lghq;= lsÍu'

6' m%cdj ta i|yd iïnkaëlrKh iy iydh ùu'

7' bvï lÜá ie,iqï wkqu; lsÍu

8' fiajdjka iemhSug iydh ùu

9' bvï ñKqï lghq;= lr§u

10' bvï ,shd mÈxÑ lsÍu

11' fuu l%shdj,sh wdrïNfha isg l%shdldÍ iyNd.s;ajh yd ta i|yd il%sh Þhl;ajh

12' fuu l%shdÞuh i|yd ±kqj;a lsÍu yd ta i|yd ixúOdkh lsÍu

fmdaiag¾ wxl 33 - lKavdhï wxl 2 f;jk bÈßm;a lsßfï§ fojk lKavdhfï

lreKq m<uqjk lkavdhug iudk ksid fojk lKavdhug bÈßm;a lsßug wjia:dj fkdÿks'

m%Yakh - bvï whs;sh

fmdaiag¾ wxl 34 - lKavdhï wxl 2 ̂ fuu lKavdhu úiska f;jk bÈßm;a lsÍu lf<a

ke;'&

m%Yakh úi÷ï l%shd;aul lrk

wdldrh

yjq,alrejkaf.a iydh

bvï whs;sh

fkdue;s lu

bvï

ysñlï ,nd§u

j¾;udk

whs;sfha

iajNdjh

wÞ, wdh;k

iuÕ idlÉPd


k.r iNdj

ksjdi ixj¾Ok wêldßh

kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßh

ñKqï lghq;= fomd¾;fïka;=j

118

lsÍu N.G.O.


.re kd.ßl uka;%S pkaø .dñKS mSßia

jHdmD;s l<ukdlre - fijK; - S.M. iqð;a

m%cd ix' ks,OdÍ - k.r iNdj fldaÜfÜ - iuka;s l=udß

iyldr l<ukdlre - Y%S ,xld fg,sfldï ^r;au,dk& - .dñKS yßiapkaø

f,alï - fh!jk iudch ^fudrgqj& - rks,a .=Kj¾Ok

fkdnqf;da bfkd - JOCV

uhs filsfk - JOCV

m%cd fi!LH ks,OdÍ - nÿ,a, uy k.r iNdj - wkqr udrisxy

- wdkkao j¾KiQßh


m%Yakh úi÷ï l%shd;aul lrk wdldrh yjq,alrejka yjq,alr

ejkaf.a

iydh

m%cdj-wd

h;k

wdh;k-

wdh;k

w;r

ÿria:Nd

jh

1 by< isg my<

olajd

ks,OdÍkaf.a

wdl,amuh

fjkila we;s

lsÍu'

2 foaYmd,k

u;fNao bj;a

lsÍu

3 m%cdjkaf.a

wjYH;djh

wdh;kh ;=<ska

wúêu;a

f,I ,nd .ekSug

mqreÿ ùu

j,ld,Su'

mqyqKq jev igyka

Èh;a lsÍu

fCIa;%fha jev igyka

I|yd ks,OdÍla t;;=

lsÍu

ks,OdÍkaf.a

rdcldÍ ,ehsia;=jg

m%cd ixj¾Ok jev

we;=,;a lsÍu

m%cd lghq;= j,§ mCI

fNaohlska

f;drj .eg¿ I|yd

úi÷ï ,nd§u

kS;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu'

m%cdjf.a Yla;sh

n, .ekaùu'

m%cdj ±kqj;a lsÍu

I|yd f;dr;=re

m%cd ixj¾Okh

wÞ, wdh;k yd

WmfoaYljreka

mCI" úmCI

foaYmd,{hska

w,a,ia yd ¥IK

fomd¾;fïka;=j

ú.Kk wxYh

iydh ixúOdk

m%cd ixj¾Ok

fCIa;%fha

iqÿiqlï ,;a

ks,OdÍka

Wmfoia

iy

wëCIK

h ,nd

.ekSu'

WÞ(-

JOCV

fudrgq

ish¿u

foaYmd,

k{ wê

ldßh

jeg,Sï

ksÍCI

K"

mÍCI

119

w;afmd;la ,nd .ekSu'

k.r iNdj

K


jd¾Isl wh jeh

ieliSu i|yd m%cd

Þhl;ajh ,nd .ekSu'

m%cd ixj¾Ok iñ;s uÕska jd¾Islj

Wmfoia iy fhdackd ,nd .ekSu

fldÜGdY .re kd.ßl uka;%Sjreka

iïnkaO lr .ksñka ixj¾Ok

fhdackd ,nd .ekSu'

wh jeh uÕska fldÜGdY i|yd fjka

lrk ,o uqo, jev igyk" iïm;a

Þhlhska ms<sn| j¾Ih uq,§ m%cd

ixj¾Ok iñ;s ±kqj;a lsÍu'

fldÜGdYhg wÞ, jev ie,eiau

fCIa;%fha m%o¾Yk mqjrejl m%o¾Ykh

lsÍu'

m%cd fldka;%d;a l%uhg bÈ lsÍï lsÍu'

miq úmru yd m%.;sh iudf,dapkh

lsÍu'

iNdj

m%cd iñ;s

.%du ixj¾Ok iñ;s

fh!jk iudc

mdie,a ixj¾Ok iñ;s

iafõÉPd ixúOdk

fN!;sl ;dlaIKs

l

ie,iqï uQ,H m%cdj'


fomd¾;fïka;= yd rdcH

wdh;k w;r

iyfhda.s;djhka

we;slr .ekSu'

jd¾Isl wh jeh bÈßm;a lsÍfï§

rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk wdh;k

iyNd.s;ajh we;s lsÍu ^m%cd

iyNd.s;aj whjehla idokq ,enq úg&

m%cd ixj¾Ok iñ;s /iaùï i|yd

iyh ,nd .ekSu'

ksjdi

m%cd ixj¾Ok iñ;s I|yd

Þhl;ajh ,nd .ekSu

ixj¾Ok jev igyka ;=<§

fm!oa.,sl wdh;k yd rdcH rcfha

wdh;k iyNd.S lr .ekSu'

miq úmrula lsÍu yd m%.;sh

iudf,dapkh lsÍu'

.re iNdj ue;s weu;sjre

rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk

ixúOdk

iïnkaëlrKh cd;sl

Èkj,§ fmdÿ ld¾hhka

lsÍu ^Y%uÞk''''''''&

120


Water board 1. P.R.L. Seneviratne

2. R.Y. Silva

3. H.S.Fonseka

Arthacharya Foundation (Jagath Nishantha)

NHDA - 1. L.J.D.K. Mendis

2. H.T.A. Dayananda

Lunawa Environnent Improvement & Commnity Development Project

(Maiko Kobuyashi)


m%Yakh úi÷ï

l%shd;aul lrk

wdldrh

yjq,alrejka

yjq,alrejka

f.a iydh

wkjir

bÈlsÍï

w¨;ska wkjir

bÈlsÍï je,elaùu'

mj;sk wkjir

bÈlsÍï bj;alr

Tjqkag úêu;a

l%uhg

ksjdi ,nd§u'

jeäjk

ck.yKhg wjYH

mßÈ

ksjdi$ckdjdi

ie,iqï lr

l%shd;aul lsÍu'

bvï ysñ

mqoa.,$ wdh;k

Tjqkaf.a bvï j,

iqrCIs;Ndjh ;y

jqre lr.ekSu'

wkjir bÈlsÍï

i|yd kS;sÍ;s lsisu

±kqj;a

lsÍï ;=<ska

bÈjk

wjia:dfõ§u

bj;a lsÍug

mshjr .ekSu

kj ksjdi

fhdackdl%u

wdrïN lr

Tjqkag

jákdlula f.jd

mÈxÑ ùug

ie,eiaùu' Èß

§ukd l%u ;=<ska

bj;a lsÍu'

wdh;k yd

mqoa.,hska ±kqj;a

lsÍu' ^bvï ysñ&

yd iSud igyka

olajd ;eîu

wjg m%cdj$ .%du

ks,OdÍ" k'iNdj"

m%d'f,a'ld'"

kd'ix'w'"

fmd,Sish" m%cd

ixúOdk

k.r iNdj"

kd'i'wê'"

N.G.O."

m%d'f,a'ld'"

k'i'wê'" m%cdj

bvï ysñlrejka

k.r iNdj"

m%dfoaYSh f,alï

ld¾hd,h" .%du

fiajd ks,OdÍ

m,d;a md,k

wdh;k" foam,

ysñlre$ wdh;k

h

ksjerÈ

f;dr;=re ,

ndf.k tu

bÈlsÍï

j<lajd,Su

;dlaIKsl

yd úksuh

fukau uQ,H

wkq.%yh'

iïnkaëlr

K lghq;=

kS;suh

Wmfoia

kS;suh ;;a

;ajh

l%shd;aul

lsÍu'

fï ;=<ska

m%cdj ;=<

cd;sl

121

mels,Sulska f;drj

l%shd;aul lsÍu'

rdcH foam, ^bvï&

iïnkaOj m%cdj

±kqj;a lsÍu

±kaùï mqjre

iúlsÍu

wKmk;a

y÷kd .ekSu yd

±kqj;a lr

l%shd;aul lsÍu'

m%isoaO ia:dk j,

mqjre iúlsÍu'

udOH ;=<ska

wkjir bvï

j,g ;sfnk

kS;suh rduqj

meyeÈ,s lsÍu

uy k.r iNdj$

m%dfoaYSh f,alï

ld¾hd,h$

fmd,Sish$ wêl

rKh$

udOH

wdh;k$m%cd

ixúOdk

foam, ms<sn|

yeÕSu we;s

lrùu'


1 wð;a l=udr uhd

2 u,aldka;s chj¾Ok fukúh

3 m%§md È,aydks fukúh

4 wßidlf;da fukúh

5 K.A.T.S. l=udr uhd

6 H.K. isisr l=udr uhd

7 iqo¾YkS ñh


m%Yakh úi÷ï l%shd;aul lrk

wdldrh

yjq,alrejka yjq,alrejkaf.a

iydh

fN!;sl .eg¿ úêu;a

ie,eiaulg wkqj

lghq;= lsÍu'

±kqj;a lsÍu'

mj;sk fr.=,dis

j,g wkql+,j

wÞ, myiqlï

iemhSug ie,iqï

lsÍu'

1' kd.ßl

ix( wêldß

h

2' fudrgqj

u'k'i'

1' jHdmD;s

ie<iqï ilia

lsÍu'

2' wvq wdÞhï

fkajdisl

122

iudÔh .eg¿ -bvï lÜá

lsÍu

-ksjdi ie,iqï

ilia lr §u'

-wvq wdÞhï

fkajdisl

l,dmla f,i

ixj¾Okh

lsÍu'

fkdúÈu;a

wOHdmksl jev

igyka

l%shd;aul lsÍu'

3' m%d'f,a'

fudrgqj'

4' ksjdi

ix'wê'

5' c,

iïmdok

uKav,h

6' fjr<

ixrCIk

fo(

7' rdcH

fkd(ix(

3'wOHdmk w(

- fkdúêu;a

wOHdmk

tallh'

- fmd,sish"

iudc fiajd"

- m%d' fi!LH

fiajd ks(

- N.G.O.

- JOCV

l,dmhka

f,i

y÷kd .ekSu'

3' ldKq moaO;s"

jeisls,s iy

c, myiqlï"

wmøjH neyer

lsÍï I|yd

myiqlï

iemhSu'

4' fjr<

ixrCIs;

wdY%s; jev

ms<sfj,la

ieliSu'

5' iudc fiajd

lghq;=

fufyh ùu'

3' mdie,a fkdhk

<uqka mdie,g

fhduq lsÍu'

- jD;a;Sh

wOHdmkh

- wmpdr l%shd

ms<sn|

iudch

±kqj;a lsÍu'


m%Yakh úi÷u l%shd;aul lrk

wdldrh

yjq,alrejka yjq,alrejkaf.a

iydh

yÈis wdmÞ 1' m%foaYhg wdfõksl m%cdj b;sydih yd

123

wdmÞj

kag

f.dÿre

ùu

l<ukdlrK

ie,eiaula

ilia lsÍu

wdmÞ y÷kd .ekSu'

2' nyq,j

wdmÞjkag ,lajk

m%foaY y÷kd .ekSu'

3' wdmÞ isÿjk ld,

jljdkq y÷kd .ekSu

4' Bg uqyqK §u i|yd

±kg Tjqka i;=

iïm;a$ÿ¾j,;d

y÷kd .ekSu

5' wju ^wdmÞ& lsÍu"

md,kh"

j,lajd .ekSug we;s

bv lv m%ia:d

úuiSug mla lsÍu'

6' úi÷ï i|yd

ueÈy;aúh hq;=

mqoa.,hka

y÷kd .ekSu'

7' fjk;a wdh;k yd

mqoa.,hska iuÕ

w;a±lSï yqjudre

lr .ekSu'

8' iïm;a Þhlhska

y÷kd .ekSu

9' wjYH úiÿï bÈßm;a

lsÍu'

10' yÈis wdmÞ

wjia:djl§ ´kEu

wfhl=g f;areï .;

yels wdldrfha

ie,eiaula ilia

lr .ekSu'

rdcH ks,OdÍla

iafõÉPd

ixúOdk

wd.ñl

kdhlhska

iïm;a Þhlhska

miq.sh

w;a±lSï iuÕ

ieiÿkq

mqfrdl;k

o;a; ,nd .e

kSu'

wdh;ksl

ue¢y;aùu

myiqlï

ie,iSu"

iïm;a

iemhSu

fN!;sl $uQ,H

iïm;a

iemhSu'

124


m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,h - fudrgqj

ik¿ ;lyIS fukúh'

tia' fldaÞf.dv ñh

u,a,sld lreKdr;ak ñh'

ruHd fyauiS,s ñh'

.S;d fmruqKf.a ñh'

tÉ' iqud,s mqIamsld fidhsid fufkúh

ã'tia'tka' úfÊùr uhd'

Ydka; lreKdr;ak uhd'


m%Yakh úi÷u l%shd;aul lrk wdldrh yjq,alrejka

yjq,alrejkaf.a

iydh'

bvï

whs;sh

fkdue;s

uq,a

mÈxÑlre

jka i|yd

kS;Hdkql+,

Tmamq ,nd§u'

^ck;djf.a

leue;a;

úuiSu&

bvfï uq,a whs;sh

y÷kd .ekSu'

m%Yakh bvï

wud;HdxYh fj; fhduq

lsÍu

bvu w;am;a

lr .ekSfuka miq

ueKqï lghq;= i|yd

ñkskafodare

fomd¾;fïka;=j fj;

bÈßm;a lsÍu'

bvï lÜá lsÍu i|yd

ksjdi ixj¾Ok

wêldßhg fhduq lsÍu'

^m%dfoaYSh f,alï ld¾hd,h

yd tl;=j&

Tmamq ,nd§fï jev

ms<sfj, l%shd;aul

lsÍu' ^m%d'f,a'

m%dfoaYSh

f,alï

ld¾hd,h'

uy k.r

iNdj

ñkskafÞare

fo'fï'

bvï

wud;HdxYh'

ksjdi

ixj¾Ok

wêldßh

iafõÉPd

ixúOdk

uQ,sl o;a; ilia

lsÍu'

wÞ, bvï j,

ld¾hhka lsÍu'

uekqï lghq;=

lsÍu'

bvï w;aika

lr .ekSu'

bvï mejÍfuka

miq Tmamq ,nd §u'

wjYH fiajd

myiqlï ,nd .e

kSu'

125

ld¾hd,h yryd&

ie,iqï lsÍfï yd ls%hd;aul lsÍfï l%ufõoh

iudf,dapkh lsÍu

,,S;A ñßy.,a,

hQtiawhsmS $ ßh,a

uu ys;kjd wms oeka lrkak hkafka b;du ldf,daÑ; lghq;a;la lsh,d' ck;d

m%Yak .ek fï jf.a idlÉPd meje;aùfuka miqj wms idlÉPd l< lreKq rchg

fyda m<d;a md,k wdh;khlg fyda fï iïnkaOfhka lghq;= lrk fjk;a iafõÉPd

wdh;khlg fyda wdOdr lrk wdh;khlg jHdmD;s fhdackdjla úoshg bosßm;a

lrkafka fldfyduo hk ldrKh .ek i,ld ne,Su b;du jeo.;a' ug ;sfnkafka

ta .ek Tng lreKq meyeÈ,s lsÍuhs' ta jf.au uf.ka úfYaIfhka b,a,d ;sfnkjd

m%.;s iudf,dapkh .ek lreKq meyeÈ,s lrkak lsh,d' jHdmD;s ls%hd;aul lsÍfïoS

m%.;s iudf,dapkh iïnkaOj nrm;, ÿIalr;d yd .eg¿ we;s ù ;sfnk nj;a ug

oek .kakg ,enqKd' m%.;s iudf,dapkh" jHdmD;shl id¾:l;ajhg

b;du;a ;SrKd;aulj n,mdk lreKla' ta ksid ta .ek;a lreKq bosßm;a bÈßm;a

lsÍug ud n,dffmdfrd;a;= fjkjd'

jHdmD;sh y÷kd .ekSu

±ka fu;ek foaYmd,kuh jYfhka ck;d ksfhdað;hka f,i isák uy;ajreka

b,a,Sula fuu /iajSug bosßm;a lrkjd' fudrgqj k.rfha úYd, .eg¿jla ;sfnkjd

wmsg ta .ek jHdmD;shla ls%hd;aul lrkak ´k lsh,d'

tal jHdmD;shla y÷kd .ekSfï § Ndú;d l< yels tla m%fõYhla' fï m%fõYh uQ,sl

jYfhka kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßh jeks lsishï ie,iqï wêldßhla úiska

lrkq ,nk ie,iqï.; ueosy;a ùfï m%fõYhla fjkak mq¿jka' ke;skï foaYmd,k

ksfhdað;hka jYfhka m;afj,d isák whf.a b,a,Sula ;=<ska isÿ flfrk m%fõYhla

fjkak mq¿jka' tfyu ke;s kï m%cdjf.a wjYH;djhla" b,a,Sula u; isÿ flfrk

m%fõYhla fjkak mq¿jka' fï l=uk m%fõYhla ;=<ska fyda wmsg jHdmD;shg we;=tz

fjkak mq¿jka'

±ka jHdmD;s fhdackdjla ilia lsÍfï§ uQ,slu jYfhka wmg fï jHdmD;s

126

fhdackdj,sfha iels,a, l=ulao lshd y÷kd .ekSug isÿ fjkjd' wm fuh y÷kajkafka

jHdmD;sh lsishï iels,a,lg f.dkq lsÍula fyj;a jHdmD;sh ixl,am.; lsÍula

jYfhka'

uQ,sl jYfhka jHdmD;sfha fï iels,a, f.dkq lsÍfï§ uu th m%Odk wx. 4 lg

fldgia fldg olajkak leu;shs'

1' mrud¾:h

fï jHdmD;sfhka wms n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjk mrud¾:h fudllao@ fyj;a wfma wruqK

l=ulao@

2 l%fudamdh

fuhska woyia jkafka ;Skaÿ fyj;a ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdj,sh wms f.dkq lrkafka fudk

úÈhgo lshk tlhs'

tfia ;SrK .ekSfï l%shdoduh wmsg woshr 3 lg fjka l< yel'

1' ie,iqï wÈhr

2 l%%shd;aul lsÍfï wÈhr

3' l<ukdlrKh fyj;a kv;a;= lsÍfï woshr

jHdmD;shla wmg fï wÈhr 3 g f.dkq lrkak mq¿jka' fï wÈhr ;=fka§ ;SrK .ekSfï

ls%hdoduh fudk úoshgo yiqrejkafka lshk tl ;uhs uQ,sl jYfhka l%fudamdh

hkqfjka wm y÷kajkafka'

3' B ,Õ wx.h jkafka fï jHdmD;sh lsÍfï oS wod< jk wdh;ksl rduqj ilia

lr .ekSuhs' óg m,d;a md,k wdh;kh" ie,iqï wêldßh jeks wdh;k iïnkaO

lr .ekSug mq¿jka' m%cdj iïnkaO lr .ekSug mq¿jka' m%cd uÜgfï iñ;s

iïnkaO lr .; yel' fï i|yd fufyhqï lñgq idod .ekSug o wmg mq¿jk' fufia

fï wdh;ksl jHqyh idod.kafka flfiao hk ±kqu wmg ;sìh hq;=h'

4' wjidk jYfhka fï jHdmD;sh i|yd uqo,a" iïm;a ,nd .kafka l=uk wdldrfhka

o hkak .ek o wmg wjfndaOhla ;sìh hq;=h''

jHdmD;s fhdackdjla ilia lsÍug fï wÈhr 4 wm úiska ksrjq,aj f;areï f.k

±kf.k isáh hq;=h'

127

ó<Õ mshjr jkafka jHdmD;sh iQodkï lsÍu fyj;a ilia lsÍuhs' jHdmD;sh ilia

lsÍfï fuu jev ms<sfh, ;d¾lsl mokula u; fyj;a fya;= iy.; ;SrK .ekSfï

ls%hdj,shla jYfhka ye¢kaùug mq¿jk'

jHdmD;s fhdackdjla ilia lsÍfï oS wmg ud¾. folla wkq.ukh l< yel'

bka tl ud¾.hla wms iyNd.s;aj m%fõYh f,i yÿkajuq'

jHdmD;s fhdackdjla ilia lsÍfï wks;a ud¾.h jkafka ie,iqï.; úêu;a jD;a;Sh

ie,iqïlrejka iïnkaO ù ie,iqula ilia lsÍfï m%fõYhhs'

ta wkqj fujeks jHdmD;s ilia lsÍfï§ wmg by; i|yka m%fõY foflka ´kE u

m%fõYhla wkq.ukh l< yel' .ï uÜgfï jHdmD;s ie,iqï lsÍfïoS o fï ud¾.

foflkau tkï iyNd.s;aj ixj¾Ok m%fõYhlskaa fyda idudkHfhka iïm%Þhdkql+,j

lrk mßos jD;a;Suh ie,iqï Ys,amSkaf.a ueÈy;aùfuka lrk ie,eiaula jYfhkao

jHdmD;shg m%fõY ùug mq¿k' fï ud¾. fol ;=<skau jHdmD;s ie,eiaula ks¾udKh

lsÍug mq¿jk'

ñka ljr m%fõYhla wkq.ukh l<o tu m%fõYhka folu wjidkfha hkafka tlu

b,lalhla lrd h'

úfYaIfhkau ksjdi jHdmD;s jeks jHdmD;s ,xldfõ l%shd;aul flfrkafka iyNd.s;aj

m%fõYh uq,a lr f.kh' wo fï jev uq¿fõoSo lKavdhï idlÉPd ;=<ska Tn lf<a tu

iyNd.;aj m%fõYhg wod< jk m%cd wNHdihls' tkï Tn iyNd.s jk fuu jev

igyk iyNd.s;aj m%fõYh uq,a lr f.k isÿ flfrk iyNd.s;aj jev uq¿jls'

iyNd.s;aj m%fõYh l%shd;aul jkafka fujeks jevuq¿ l%fudamdhla ;=<sks'

iyNd.s;aj m%fõYh wkq.ukh lrñka wm lrk fï jev uq¿j m%Odk fldgia 5 la

mqrd jHdma; fõ'

1' wjYH;d y÷kd .ekSu' ^ & m%Yak y÷kd .ekSu .eg¿ y÷kd.ekSula'

fuh isÿjkafka iuyrúg Tn ;=< oekgu;a we;s wjfndaOh ;=<ska úh yel' iuyr úg

wm ixj¾Okh lsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka lsishï N+f.da,Sh m%foaYhla kï jev

uq¿j wjia:dfõoS lKavdhï jYfhka fnoS f.dia tu m%foaYfha weúosñka tys we;s

m%Yak ,ehsia;=jla jYfhka idod .; yel' túg th ta fudfydf;au wjYH;d fyj;a

m%Yak y÷kd .kakd l%shdj,shla f,i oelaúh yel'

128

ó <Õg fyj;a fojk woshrg flfrkafka y÷kd.;a fï m%Yak fyj;a wjYH;d

lKavdhï wNHdij,g Ndckh fldg" tajd .ek iudf,dapkhla lr fï m%Yak úi£u

i|yd iqÿiq Wmdh ud¾. w÷kd .ekSuhs' fuysoS Wmdh ud¾. hkafkka woyiajkafka fï

m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re fiùuhs' WodyrKhla jYfhka .;fyd;a Tn bosrsfha we;af;a

me,am;a ksjdi úi£fï m%Yakh kï tu me,am;a ksjdi m%Yakh úi£fï Wmdh ud¾.hla

jYfhka uy,a ksjdi bos lsÍu iqÿiqhhs iuyre fhdackd lsÍug mq¿jk' tfia;a

ke;akï wkjir ckdjdi iïnkaOfhka kï tu m%Yakh úi£u i|yd l< hq;af;a bvï

kshudkql+, lsÍu hhs ;SrKh lsÍug wmsg mqtzjk' tkï tu ckdjdih idudkH

ckdjdihla njg m;a lsÍuh' tfia;a ke;s kï mj;sk ksjdij, ;;a;ajh jeä ÈhqKq

lsÍu o iqÿiqq Wmdh ud¾.hla f,i ie,lSug mqtzjk' fumßoafoka tu wjYH;djh

fyj;a .egtzj úi|Su i|yd Wmdh ud¾. tlla fyda Wmdh ud¾. lSmhla

y÷kd.ekSug wmg yels jkq we;'

fufia Wmdh ud¾. y÷kdf.k tu úl,am Wmdh ud¾.j,ska iqÿiq tajd muKla

f;dardf.k B<Õg wm l< hq;af;a fï Wmdh ud¾. ls%hd;aul lsÍfï m%fõYhka'

y÷kd .ekSuhs' fuysoS m%fõYh hkafkka woyia lrkafka wm th lrkafka flfiao

hkakhs'

WodyrKhla jYfhka wjYH f.dvke.s,s øjH wm úiska imhd oS ta whf.a

iyNd.s;ajh o ,nd f.k fï ld¾hh lrkafka kï tu l%shdj,sh l%shd;aul lrkafka

flfiao@ fkdtfia kï wfma ;SrKh bvï kshudkql+, lsÍug kï tu bvï kshudkql+,

lsÍfï l%shdj,sh isÿ lrkafka flfiao@' wmsu ,Kqjla w,a,d bvï fnokjdo@ tfia;a

ke;skï wfma wdh;kj, ,shdmÈxÑ ù isák ñkskafodarejka ,jd uek bvï fnokjdo"

tfia;a ke;s kï wms wmsu oeka ;sfnk wdldrhgu l+[aCo .id bvï

fjkalr .kakjdo@ Wmdh ud¾. ls%hd;aul lsÍfï m%fõYhka' y÷kd .ekSu hkq

by; i|yka wdldrhg fï jev ms<sfj, l%shd;aul lrkafka flfiao hkak .ek

wjfndaOhla we;s lr .ekSuhs' fï wdldrhg Wmdh ud¾. ls%hd;aul lsÍfï

m%fõYhka' y÷kd .ekSu o fï jev uq¿j ;=< flfrk idlÉPdj,ska isÿ flfrkafkah'

fï wÈhr ;=k

tkï wjYH;d y÷kd .ekSu "

Wmdh ud¾. y÷kd .ekSu"

Wmdh ud¾. l%ss%hd;aul lsÍfï l%u fyj;a m%fõYhka y÷kd .ekSfï wÈhr ;=k

iïmQ¾K lssÍfuka miq wmg ls%hdldÍ ie,iau lrd hd yel'

129

oeka wm l< hq;af;a l%shdldÍ ie,iqu iE§uhs' l%shdldÍ ie,iqu hk jpk foi fyd¢ka

n,kak' tu jpkfha l%shdldÍ hk jpkh bÈßfhka fhdod ;sfí' ie,iqï hk jpkh

we;af;a bka miqjh' tneúka thska woyia jkafka th l%shd;aul l< yels" l%shd;aul

l< hq;= ie,eiaula hk w¾:hhs' tfia th l%shd;aul l< yels" ls%hd;aul l< hq;=

ie,eiaula kï tu ie,eiau ;=< wm úiska meyeÈ,s l< hq;= lreKq ;sfí'

l=ulao@ tkï wm lrkafka l=ulao@

fldfyduo@ tkï ta lrk foh l%shd;aul lrkafka fldfyduo@

ljÞo@ tkï wm lrk lghq;= l=uk ld, jljdkqjla ;=< wm úiska l%shdjg

k.kq ,nkafkao@

ljqo@ tkï ta lghq;= ls%hd;aul lsÍfï j.lSï orkafka ljqo@

by; i|yka wdldrhg wkqj fï l%shdldÍ ie,eiafuka m%Odk m%Yak 4 lg ms<s;=re

imhk nj wmg fmfka'

fï m%Yak y;rg wm imhk ms<s;=re wkqj" tkï tu fldgia y;rg wkqj ls%hdldÍ

ie,eiau ilia lr .;a l<" tu f;dard.;a m%foaYfha ixj¾Ok lghq;= wms lss%hd;aul

lrkafkA flfiaoehs hkak yeu fokdgu meyeÈ,sh' bkamiq fï l%shdldÍ ie,eiau wjYH

kï uqøKh fldg ta ta wjYH m<d;amd,k ld¾hd, iafõÉPd ixúOdk ld¾hd,

hkdoshg bÈßm;a fldg Tjqkaf.a wkque;sho ,nd f.k wjYH iydh ,nd .; yel'

jHdmD;s fhdackdjla ilia lsÍfï oS wjika wÈhr jkafka jHdmD;sh iudf,dapkh

lrkafka flfiao fyj;a fuu jHdmD;sfha m%.;sh we.hSu isÿ lrkafka flfiao

hkakhs' tkï wëlaIKh lsÍfï hdka;%Khhs'

fï ish¿ wÈhr wjidkfha fyj;a jev uq¿fõ wjidkfha oS wmsg ,efnkafka"

^wmg ;snqfka ckdjdihla ixj¾Okh lsÍfï .eg¿jla kï& ckdjdih ixj¾Okh

lsÍfï laIqø ie,eiauhs' oeka tu ie,eiau ;=< wms b;d meyeÈ,sj m%cdjf.a iN iyNd.s

jk yjq,aldr wdh;kj, j.lSï fudkjdoehs ksrjq,aj fjka fldg i|yka lr

lrf.k ;sfí' iyNd.s;aj m%fõYhla wkq.ukh lrñka l%shdldÍ ie,eiaula

idokafka fï wdldrhgh' wm óg l,ska l< jev uq¿jl§ uqøKh l< l=vd fmd;la

uÕska fï l%shdÞuh wm úiska b;d fyd|ska meyeÈ,s fldg ;sfí' fuu jev uq¿ l%fudamdh

l%shd;aul lrkafka flfia±hs tys meyeos,sj i|yka lr ;sfí' iuyr úg Tfí m,d;a

md,k wdh;kj, tu fmd; ;sîug mqtzjk'

±ka wms jHdmD;s fhdackdjla ilia lsÍfï oS wmg wkq.ukh l< yels wks;a

ud¾.h .ek i,ld n,uq' jHdmD;s fhdackdjla ilia lsÍfï wks;a ud¾.h jkafka

ie,iqï.; úêu;a jD;a;Sh ie,iqïlrejka iïnkaO ù ie,eiqula ilia lsÍfï

130

m%fõYh nj wm uq,oS mejiqfjuq'

tfia kï tjeks jD;a;Sh ie,iqï Ys,amSka úiska jHdmD;s fhdackdjla ilia lrkafka

flfiaoehs hkak i,ld n,uq' fuys m%Odk jYfhkau fldgia 5 la ;sfnkjd' ixfõ§;d

wOHhkh" YlH;d wOHhkh" úia;rd;aul ie,iqï fhdackdj jHdmD;sfha uqo,a .,kh

ilia lsÍu úhoï yd m%;s,dN ms<sn| úYaf,aIKhla hkqfjka ±laúh yel'

by; i|yka wdldrhg úêu;a jD;a;Sh ie,iqïlrejka Ys,amSka úiska jHdmD;s

fhdackdjla ilia lsÍfï§ fï wÈhrhka my miq lrf.k hd hq;=h'

fuys§ m<uqfjkau flfrkafka YlH;d wOHhkhls' YlH;d wOHhkh hkq fï jHdmD;s

fhdackdj ilia lsÍug fmr" jHdmD;sh lsÍug fmr wm úiska I,ld ne,sh

hq;= ;;ajhls' tkï fï jHdmD;sh we;a; jYfhkau l%shd;aul l< hq;=" M,

m%fhdack ,nd .; yels m%;sm,hla we;s jHdmD;shlao hkak ms<sn|j lrk wOHhkh

YlH;d wOHhkh f,I ye¢kafõ' jD;a;Sh ie,iqïlrejka úiska jHdmD;s fhdackdjla

ilia lsÍfï§ uq,skau lrk wNHdih YlH;d wOHhkhhs' fuh uQ,Huh jHdmD;shla

kï tkï wm úiska uqo,a fhdojd lrkq ,nk jHdmdrhla jeks jHdmD;shla kï fuys§

wm úiska lrkq ,nk YlH;d wOHhkh uq,H YlH;d wOHhkhla f,I yeÈkaúh yel'

tfia fkdue;sj fuh ksjdi Kh jHdmD;shla kï wm lrk YlH;d wOHhkh iudc

wd¾Ól YlH;d wOHhkhla f,I yeÈkaúh yel' uQ,Huh jHdmD;shl kï YlH;d

wOHhkfhka lrkq ,nkafka wm fhdojk uqo,g wmg ,efnk ,dNh l=ulaoehs o<

jYfhka y÷kd .ekSuhs' iudc wd¾Ól YlH;d wOHhkhlska lrkq ,nkafka

jHdmD;sfha§ wm fhdojk uqo,g yd ld,hg idudÔh" wd¾Óluh yd mdßißluh

jYfhka ,efnk jdis fudkjdo hkak fidhd ne,Suhs' iuyr úg tu jdish ñksiqkaf.a

Ôjk ;;a;ajh by< hdu úh yel' /lshd m%Yak úif|kjd úh yel' rfÜ cd;sl

ksjdi ixLHdjg w¨f;ka ksjdi tl;= ùu úh yel' ta wkqj ksjdi jHdmD;shla jeks

jHdmD;shl iudc wd¾Ól jYfhka úYd, YlH;djhla ;sfnkakg ms<sjk' tneúka

YlH;d wOHhkh wmf.a jHdmD;sfhys iajrEmh wkqj fjkia fõ' tkï th uQ,Huh

YlH;d wOHhkhla fyda iudc wd¾Ól YlH;d wOHhkhla ùug mq¿jk'

jHdmD;sfha YlH;djh hym;a nj wmg fmkS hkafka kï B<Õg l< hq;af;a ixfõoS

wxY fidhd n,ñka tajd .ek úYaf,aIKh lr ne,Suhs'

iuyr úg wm fkdis;k úÈhg fï jHdmD;sfha úhoï wêl ùug bv ;sfí hhs wmg

isf;kakg mq¿jk' tfia kï th wms ixfõ§ úh hq;= ;ekls' wm fuh wjqreÿ follg

ie,iqï lrk kuq;a wmg md,kh l, fkdyels fya;= ksid úg iuyr tu ld,h

131

wjqreÿ ;=kla olajd by< .shfyd;a isÿ jkafka l=ula±hs Tng is;Sug mq¿jk' túg

isÿjk mdvq" úhoï ±Íï jeks fkdfhl=;a foaj,aj,g uqyqK §ug wmg isÿ jkq we;'

B<Õg wm n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk wdÞhu fkd,enqkfyd;a isÿjkafka l=ulao@ fï

wdldrhg b;du;a ixfõ§ úh yels fkdfhl=;a wxY y÷kdf.k ta wxY kej; fmr lS

uQ,Huh we.hSu iuÕ .,md n,ñka fuh ;j ÿrg;a bÈßhg lrf.k hd hq;=

jHdmD;shla oehs I,ld ne,sh hq;= fõ'

fï lreKq folu id¾:l jQ miq B<Õg wm m%fõY jkafka ie,eiau ilia lsÍfï

wÈhrgh' jHdmD;sh uQ,Huh fyda iudc wd¾Ól YlH;djfhka hqla; kï oeka wmg

úia;rd;aul ie,iqï fhdackdj ilia l, yel' tkï fuu jHdmD;sh

uQ,Huh$iudchu YlH;djfhka hqla; kï úia;rd;aul ie,iqï fhdackdj ilia l<

hq;=h' Bg úYaf,aIKh" Wml%u ilia lsÍu" ls%hd;aul lsÍfï l%u fõohla ilia

lsÍu we;=<;a fõ' fï wÈhf¾§ wm m%dfhda.slj lrkafka wm úiska fidhd f.k ;sfnk

m%Yak uq,alrf.k" tajd f.dkq lrñka" ú.%y lrñka iyNd.s;aj m%fõYfha§ fukau

iqÿiq Wmdh ud¾. y÷kdf.k ls%hd;aul lsÍfï l%fudamdhhka ilia lsÍuh'

fï jk úg" ie,eiaula ilia lr .kafka flfiao ie,eiaula ilialr .ekSug fya;=

jkafka fudkjdo" ie,eiaula ilia lr .ekSug uq,a jkafka fudkjdo@ hkak .ek Tng

±kSula ;sìh hq;=h' Tn is;k mßÈ ie,eiaula ilia lr .ekSug uq,ajkafka fudkjdo@

Bg uq,a jkafka m%Yakh' wm ie,iqï idokafka m%Yakhlg ms<s;=re §u I|ydh' tfukau

ie,iqula ilia lsÍu I|yd wmg iïm;ao wjYH fõ' kuq;a iïm;a fkdi,ld

m%Yak .ek muKla is;d o wmg ́ kEu ie,iqula ilia lsÍugo mq¿jka' uqo,a ;snqko

ke;o wm úiska fuh l, hq;=hhs is;d ie,iqula ilia lsÍu tl ud¾.hls' tfia

fkdue;s kï wmg" wm I;= iïm;a mokï lr f.ko ie,iqula ilia l< yel' túg

wm m%Yak .ek t;rï l,n, jkafka ke;' ta fjkqjg wm I;= uqo,a m%udKh úhoï

lrkafka flfiao hkak .ek ie,eiaula ilia lsÍug wmg yel' ksoiqkla jYfhka

k.r iNdfjka ilia lrk jd¾Isl whjeh f,aLKh tjekakls' th iïm;a mokï

lr f.k ilik ie,eiauls' wm fï m%fõY fol y÷kajkafka m%Yak mokï lrf.k

ie,iqï lsÍu yd iïm;a mokï lrf.k ie,iqï lsÍu hkqfjks' ta ud¾. foflka u

fï ie,iqug m%fõY ùug mq¿jk'

fï wkqj ;sfnk m%Yak j,g ms<s;=re iemhSu ;=,ska ke;skï ;sfnk iïm;a

m%fhdackhg .ekSu hk fï fowdldrfhkau fï wmg ie,iqu lrd m%úIaG úh yel'

fufia wm I;= f;dr;=re iúia;rd;aul we.hSfuka miq jHdmD;sfha uqo,a .,kh .ek

is;Sug wmg isÿ fõ' tkï fï jHdmD;shg uqo,a we;=,g .e,au yd uqo,a

msg;g .e,au .ekh'

132

fï jHdmD;sh ksjdi jHdmD;shla f,I wm Wml,amkh l<fyd;a tys uqo,a

we;=,g .e,au .ek I,lk úg" nexl= Kh ,nd .ekSu" jHdmdr jia;= w.fha

m%d.aOkh" ^wdh;kh fl<skau fhdojk uqo,& wdÞhu o hkdÈho" uqo,a

msg;g .e,au .ek I,lk úg bÈlsÍï msßjeh o fufyhqï fyj;a ls%hd;aul lsÍfï

yd kv;a;= msßjeho nexl= Kh wdmiq f.ùuo f.k yer ±laúh yel'

óg miq wm úiska l< hq;= ;j;a fohla b;sßj ;sfí' tkï úhoï yd m%;s,dN ms<sn|

úYaf,aIKhla lsÍuhs' fï úhoï yd m%;s,dN úYaf,aIKfha§ wms lrkafka

úhoï ljf¾±hs tl me;a;lg ,ehsia;= .; lruq' m%;s,dN wks;a me;a;g ,ehsia;= .;

lruq' fuu úhoï m%d.aOk yd mqkrdj¾;k úhoï hkqfjkao yeÈka fõ' iuyr úg fï

bvu fï jHdmd;shg fhoùu ksid wmg wysñ jk foaj,a ;sìh yel' tkï bvfï

M,Þhs;ajh ke;s ùug mq¿jk' mßirh ¥IKh ùug mq¿jk' fuh bÈlsÍï

l¾udka;hla ksid iuyr úg fmdf<dfõ c,h Wrd .ekSfï yelshdj wvq ù f.dia .x

j;=r jeks ydkslr n,mEï mßirhg we;s úh yel' iuyr úg fï jHdmD;sh

l%shd;aul lsÍfï m%;sm,hla jYfhka tu ia:dkfha óg l,ska jev lrñka isá whg

/lshd ke;s ùug mq¿jk' fï jHdmD;sfha úhoï yeáhg I<ld n,kq ,nkafka fï jeks

lreKq .ekh'

B<Õg fï jHdmD;sfha we;s jdis fyj;a m%;s,dN fudkjd oehs wm úiska i,ld ne,sh

hq;=h' iuyr úg fï jHdmD;sh ksid wms w¿;a iïm;la" kj j;alï ks¾udKh

lrkjd úh yel' iuyr úg fï jHdmD;sh ksid fï m%foaYfha bvï ñ< úYd, f,i

by< hkjd úh yel' iuyr úg m%foaYjdiS ckhdf.a iudc ;;a;ajh fnfyúka by<

hkjd úh yel' kj /lshd W;amdokh ùug mq¿jk' ta ish¿ foaj,a wmg fï

jHdmD;sfha m%;s,dN f,I f.kyer ±laùug mq¿jk' ta wdldrhg wmg fï jHdmD;sfha

úhoï yd m%;s,dN tkï jdis yd mdvq .ek iudf,dapkhla f.k yer ±laùug mq¿jk'

±ka fï lreKq iïmQ¾K lr .ekSfuka miq fï jHdmD;s fhdackdj iïm%Þhdkql+,j

ie,iqï Ys,amSka úiska l%shd;aul lrkq ,nk wdldrfha jHdmD;s fhdackdjla jYfhka

ilia lr .ekSug mq¿jk' kej;;a wms tajd wÈhr jYfhka isysm;a lrkafka kï

ixfõ§;d wOHhkh" YlH;d wOHhkh" úia;rd;aul ie,iqï fhdackdj jHdmD;sfha

uqo,a .,kh ilia lsÍu úhoï yd m%;s,dN ms<sn| úYaf,aIKhla hkqfjka ±laúh yel'

fï wkqj idïm%Þhslj wkdÈu;a ld,hl isg jD;a;Sh ie,iqï Ys,amSka ilia lrk

ie,iqï fï wdldrh .kafkah' wm fuys§ ii|d ne¨jfyd;a fuu m%fõYh iyNd.s;aj

m%fõYhg jvd fnfyúka fjkia nj fmfka' fuh jD;a;slhka úiska ie,iqï

133

ldur ;=<g ù isÿ lrk wNHdihls' óg fmr fï jev uq¿fõ§ l:d l< tla

uy;aufhl= mejiqfõ fujeks wNHdij,g iyNd.s ùug ;ukag tkï m%cd

ksfhdað;hkago wjia:dj I,id Èh hq;= njhs' m%cd iyNd.s;ajhla fkdue;sj fujeks

wNHdi lsÍu id¾:l l%uhla fkdjk nj thska woyia flßK'

fmdÿ ckhd yg n,mdk fujeks jHdmD;sj,§ jvd;au m%fhdackj;a jkafka

iyNd.s;aj m%fõYhhs' tjeks m%fõYhl ;sfnk jdis jkafka jHdmD;shg m%cd

iyNd.s;ajh jeäfhka ,eîuhs' jHdmD;sh iïnkaOj ;u woyia Woyia m%ldY lsÍug

ck;djg wjia:dj ie,fia' ta ksid jHdmD;sfha hym; whym;" ÿl iem ck;dj

iuÕ iïnkaO lr,Sug we;s wjia:djo jeä fõ' ta ksid uQ,sl ie,iqï ilia

lr .ekSfuka miq ckdjdi ixj¾Ok lsÍfï w;=re ie,iqï I|yd iqÿiqhhs wm úiska

fndfyd ÿrg ks¾foaY lrkq ,nkafka iyNd.s;aj m%fõYhhs' th b;d .e,fmk fyd|

m%fõYhls' ula ksido h;a m%cdj úiskau lreKq y÷kd .ekSu isÿ fõ' th Tjqka ;+,

I;=g Wmojhs' ;ukau iïnkaO ù lrk jHdmD;shla ksid l%shd;aul lsÍfï

wÈhrhkays§o Tjqka ;+, ta .ek wdYdjla iy lemùula we;s fõ' ta ksid fujeks

jHdmD;s I|yd iyNd.sùfï m%fõYh b;d fyd| njg wm úiska ks¾foaY lrkq ,efí'

tfia jqjo fï wdldr foflkau jHdmD;s ilia lsÍu I|yd m%fõY ùug wmg

wjia:dj ;sfí'

ó <Õ fojk wÈhf¾§ isÿ jkafka m%.;s iudf,dapkh yd m%;s fmdaIKhhs'

ta iïnkaOjo wm meyeÈ,s l< hq;=h' fndfyda jHdmD;s ì| jefgkafka tys m%.;sh .ek

l%udkqql+,j fidhd ne,Sula isÿ fkdjk neúks' m%.;sh miq mi hdug ta .ek

iudf,dapkh lsÍug wjia:djla yqrejla ke;s neúks' m%.;s iudf,dapkh .ek l;d

lsÍfï§ lshfjk úys¿jla ;sfí' tkï m%.;s iudf,dapkh hkq jev lrk whg oËqjï

§u;a jev fkdlrk whg Wiia ùï njhs' tys woyi jkafka m%.;s iudf,dapkh

lrf.k hk l, jev l< mqoa.,hdf.a wvqmdvq wiq jk njhs' túg tu mqoa.,hdg

oËqjï ,efnkq we;' kuq;a jev fkdl< wfhl=f.a wiq ùug lsisu jrola ke;' tksid

jev fkdlr isá mqoa.,hdg lsisu m%Yakhla we;s jkafka ke;' Tyqg fyda wehg Wiia

ùï mjd ,efnkq we;'

ta úys¿j flfia fj;;a m%.;s iudf,dapkfha we;s wruqK l=ula±hs wms úuid n,uq'

m%.;s iudf,dapkfha m%Odk mrud¾:h jkafka lsishï jHdmD;shl wjidk b,lalh

fj; hdug yels jk wdldrfhka tu jHdmd;sh I;=gqÞhl m%.;shla ,nñka isák

nj ;yjqre lr .ekSuhs' tjka m%.;shla lrd tu jHdmD;sh .uka lrñka isákafkao

keoao hkak .ek fidhd ne,Su m%.;s iudf,dapkfha j.lSu fõ'

134

uu fï mrud¾:h fldgia lsysmhlg fnÞ I,ld ne,Sug leue;af;ñ'

tkï jHdmD;sfha m%Odk úp,H;djhka jk jHdmD;sfha msßjeh fyj;a úhoï"

jHdmD;sh I|yd § ;sfnk ld,h" jHdmD;sfha m<,a fyj;a iuia; m:h ̂ ±lau fyj;a

iels,a,&" ie,iqï l< uQ,sl wx.j, .=Kd;aul ;;ajh .ek kej; I,ld ne,Su

fï iudf,dapkfha fojk wruqK jkafka wjYH ́ kEu wjia:djloS jHdmD;s ie,eiafï

iqÿiq ;ekaj, iqÿiq fjkia lsÍï isÿ lsÍuhs'

;=kajk wruqK jkafka uq,a ie,eiafuka fjkia wdldrhg jHdmD;sfha lghq;= isÿ

jkafka kï l,a we;sju ta I|yd iqÿiq ls%hd ud¾. .ekSuhs' m%.;s iudf,dapkh lsÍug

wjia:djla fkd,enqkfyd;a isÿ úh yels fohla kï iuyr jev lghq;=

n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ wdldrhg wjidk b,lalh olajd lrf.k hdug

fkdyels ;;ajhla Wod ùug bv we;s ùuhs' tkï ie,eiaula ;snqko hï hï lghq;=

ie,eiafuka msg mek tla tla ud¾.j, hdug bv we;sluhs' kuq;a iudf,dapkhka ksid

fï jHdmD;sh ksjerÈj wms n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjk ud¾.hg fhduq lr .ekSug wmg

wjia:dj ,efí' jHdmD;sh kshñ; ud¾.fhka msg hkafka kï ta .ek idlÉPd fldg

kuHYS,s fjñka wkjYH ;eka bj;a fldg tl;= l< hq;= foaj,a tl;= fldg kej; th

kshu ud¾.hg fhduq l< hq;=h'

m%.;s iudf,dapk iEu úgu r|d mj;skafka ie,eiau u;h' ie,eiaula fkdue;sj m%.;s

iudf,dapkhla l< fkdyel' iudf,dapkhla lsÍug kï m%:ufhkau wmg

ie,eiaula ;sìh hq;=uh' jHdmD;sh úYd, mßudKfha jHdmD;shla jqjo uOHu

mßudKfha fyda l=vd mßudKfha jHdmD;shla jqjo jHdmD;sh wdrïNfha isg bÈßhg

hdfï§ ie,eiau fjkia ùug fndfyda bv ;sfí' fuh ks;ru isÿ úh yels fohls' wm

ie,iqï ilia l<o ta ie,iqï tfiau ls%hd;aul lsÍu ÿIalr jk we;' wm ilia l<

ie,eiau l%shd;aul jk wjqreÿ fol ;=kl ld,h ;=< § th wksjd¾hfhkau

fkdfhl=;a fjkialïj,g Ndckh fõ' fï ie,eiau wm ilia lrkafka wjidk

jYfhka ñksia hym; ie,ls,a,g .ksñks' ñksia ´kE tmdlï fjkia ùu wkqj

kd.ßllrKh ùfï fõ.h wkqj tl;= úh yels fkdfhla fkdfhla w¨;a m%Yak

w¨;ska tl;=fjk wdldrh wkqj ie,iqïj, iajrEmho fjkia ùug mq¿jk' fuh

´kEu jHdmD;shl§ isÿjk fohls' bÈlsÍfï ie,iqï" ksjdi ie,iqï jeks

jHdmD;sj,§;a bÈßhg hk l, ie,iqï fjkialï we;s fõ' tfia ùu idudkHfhka

ie,eiaulg wdfõKssl wx.hls'

iudf,dapkfha o m%Odk me;s folls' tlla wms m%.;s iudf,dapkh f,i y÷kajuq'

135

wks;a iudf,dapkh jkafka l%shdj,sh iudf,dapkh lsÍuhs' WÞyrKhla jYfhka

jHdmD;sh I|yd wjqreÿ 2 la .;a fõ kï fï wjqreÿ 2 ;=< u wms fï jHdmD;sh

l%shd;aul lsÍfï l%shdj,sh fyj;a l%shd;aul lsÍfï jev ms<sfj<

we.hSug ,lalrñka ksrka;rfhkau iudf,dapkh lruq' th ls%hdj,sh iudf,dapkh

lsÍuhs'

m%.;s iudf,dapkh hkq l=ulao@ WÞyrKhla jYfhka wms m<uq jir ;=< ksjdi 20

la bÈlsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;= ù kï ta bÈlsÍï ixLHd;aul f,i ta b,lal l<

wdldrfhkau wmg lr.; yels fõ±hs wm we.hSula l< hq;=h' ta we.hqu l< hq;=

kshñ; ld, jljdkq ;sfí' th wms m%.;s iudf,dapkh f,I y÷kajuq'

tkï iudf,dapkh wmg l%shdj,sh iudf,dapkh lsÍula yd wjidk m%;sM,h

iudf,dapkh lsÍula yeáhg fldgia follg fjka lr .; yel'

l%shdj,sh iudf,dapkh kej; fldgia follg fnÈh yel' tkï ls%hdldrlï

iudf,dapkh yd ä,sjrn,aia iudf,dapkh hkqfjks'

jHdmD;sh id¾:l lr .ekSug kï fï l%shdj,sh iudf,dapkh b;d jeo.;a fõ'

fujeks m<d;a md,k wdh;khla ;=, jHdmD;shla iudf,dapkh lrk úg meñKs,s

bÈßm;a flfrkafka l%shdj,sh iudf,dapkh lsÍu yßyeá isÿ fkdflfrk njhs'

fufia l%shdj,sh iudf,dapkh lsÍu yßyeá lsÍu I|yd l%fudamdhla fhdojd

fkdue;s nj lsh fõ'

fuu ls%hdldrlï iudf,dapkh ;rula úia;r lsÍu iqÿiqhhs uu is;ñ' ta I|yd th

kej; m%Odk fldgia 4 lg fnÞ fjka lr ±laùug uu leue;af;ñ'

jHdmD;shl jHdmD;s l<ukdlrefjl= isák nj wms oksuq' B<Õg jHdmD;s

lKavdhula isà' Tjqkag by<ska fcHIaG l<ukdldß;ajhla isà' iuyr úg Bg;a

by<ska fufyhqï lñgqjla o isàug mq¿jk' idudkHfhka jHdmD;shl fufyhùfï

lKavdhï iajrEmh tmßÈ fõ'

jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul lsÍfï§ ;ukag ,nd § we;s ie,iqï ls%hd;aul lsÍu I|yd fCIa;%

uÜgfï§ uQ,sl jYfhka j. lshk m%Odk ks<Odßhd f,i l%shd lrkafka jHdmD;s

l<ukdlreh'

wkqu; lrk ,o" ie,iqï" weia;fïka;=" ld¾h igyka yd whjeh o we;=¿j jHdmD;sh

136

ie,iqï lsÍu yd jHdmD;sh .kakd .ukauÕ .ek fiú,af,ka isàu jHdmD;s

l<ukdlref.a j.lSu fõ'

ie,eiau ilia lsÍfï fkdfhl=;a fldgiaj,g o iïnkaO jkafka jHdmD;s

lKavdhuh' ie,iau kej; I,ld n,ñka th ixj¾Okh lsÍu fyda ie,eiau

ls%hd;aul lsÍug Tjqyq iyNd.s fj;s'

jHdmD;s lKavdhug by<ska ls%hd;aul jkafka fcHIaG l<ukdldß;ajhhs' fï

jHdmD;sh i|yd wjYH iïm;a uqÞ yßk tkï uq,H iïm;a yd udkj iïm;a uqÞ yeÍu

isÿ lrkq ,nkafka o m%;sm;a;suh jYfhka ;SrK .kafkao fuu l<ukdldß;ajh

úisks'

B<Õg isákafka fufyhqï lñgqjhs' fuu fufyhqï lñgqfõ weu;sjrhd

k.rdêm;sjrhd jeks wh isàug mq¿jk'

ls%hdldrlï iudf,dapkfha my<u uÜgfï§ isÿ jkafka jHdmD;s l<ukdlre úiska

isÿ lrkq ,nk iudf,dapkhhs' tkï jHmD;sh id¾:lj flÍf.k hkafkao

hkak .ek l<ukdlre úiska fidhd n,kq ,efí' ta I|yd Tyq fï jHdmD;shg

iïnkaOj isák ks,OdÍkaf.ka jHdmD;s lghq;=j, m%.;sh ms<sn| i;sm;d jd¾;d

b,a,d isàug bv we;' wk;=rej Tyq ;u ld¾hd,fha isg ta jd¾;d n,ñka

iudf,dapkh lrkq we;' jHdmD;s jev lghq;=j, we;s m%Yak wvqmdvq ljf¾o

hkdÈh .ek Tyq ;udg ,efnk ta jd¾;d weiqfrka fidhd n,kq we;' fï jkdys

jHdmD;s l<ukdlreg lafIa;% uÜgfuka b;du ir,j l< yels iudf,dapkhhs' fï

wdldrhg ksrka;rfhka ls%hdldrlï iudf,dapkhla lsÍug l<ukdlreg mq¿jk'

B<Õg ls%hdldrlï iudf,dapkh l< yels wdldrh kï jHdmD;sfha jev lghq;=j,g

iïnkaO uq¿ lKavdhu wm iuÕ /iaù uqK .eiSuhs' iuyr úg fï iïnkaëlrK

/iaùu I;shlg jrla meje;aùug yels jkq we;' jHdmD;sfha yeu wxYhlgu

iïnkaO fjk ish¿ lKavdhï fuu /iaùug iïnkaO jkq we;' ta lKavdhïj,g

fufia tla ù ta jk úg jev lghq;=j, ;;ajh l=ulao" we;s ù ;sfnk wjÞkï

iy.; ;;ajhka fudkjdo w;a lr f.k ;sfnk m%.;sh ljf¾o we;s ù ;sfnk m%Yak

fudkjdo" ndOl fudkjdo hkdÈh .ek idlÉPd l< yel' fuh lKavdhï uÕska

lrkq ,nk iudf,dapkhla f,I ye¢kaúh yel'

B<Õg udihlg jrla muK jHdmD;sfha fcHIaG ks,OdÍkag o fï ls%hdldrlï

iudf,dapkh isÿ lsÍug mq¿jk' fcHIaG ks,OdÍka hkq fï jHdmD;shg iïnkaO

137

wdOdr wruqo,a imhk ixúOdk" jHdmD;shg iïnkaO iafõÉPd ixúOdkj, m%Odk

ks,OdÍka" jHdmD;shg iïnkaO m<d;a md,k wdh;kj, by< ks,OdÍka" iuyr úg

fï jHdmD;shg iïnkaO há;, myiqlï imhk wdh;kj, by, ks,OdÍka" jeks wh

iïnkaO lrf.k uilg jrla muK fï ls%hdldrlï iudf,dapkh meje;aùu

iudf,dapkfha B<Õ wÈhr yeáhg ±laúh yel'

tu iudf,dapkhg;a wu;rj iuyr úg udi 3 lg jrla muK jvd;a mq¿,a b;d m<,a

iyNd.s;ajhlska hq;a m%.;s iudf,dapk ieishla meje;aùug o mzq¿jk' ta I|yd fï

jHdmD;sfha l<ukdldß;ajfha ksfhdað;hka" fï jHdmD;sfha m%;s,dN ,nk m%cdfõ

ksfhdað;hka fuka u foaYmd,k wêldßfha ksfhdað;hka yd by<u fufyhqï lñgqfõ

ksfhdað;hka le|ùug mq¿jk' ta wkqj fuh by<u uÜgfï ks,OdÍka tla ù lrk

iudf,dapkhla f,I ±laúh yel'

iudf,dapkh .ek b;du;a ir, uÜgñka mjikafka kï mejish hq;af;a fï fldgia

y;r .ek h'

iudf,dapkh I|yd Ndú;d lrk fuj,ï o ;sfí' b;du fyd| fuj,ula jkafka

ØYHdOdrlh' jHdmD;sfha ;;ajh ±lafjk rEm igyka" PdhdrEm mdúÉÑ l< yel'

fujeks oDYHdOdrl m%o¾Ykh ;=,ska wmg jHdmD;sh mj;sk ;;ajh .ek woyila

wjfndaOhla myiqfjka ,nd .; yel' tjeks oDYHdOdrl foi ne,Sfuka wo jk úg

fuu jHdmD;sh mj;skafka fld;eko" jHdmD;sfha lghq;=j, hï weKysàula ù ;sfío

ld,jljdkq mek f.dia ;sfío hkdÈh .ek f;areï .ekSu I|yd Pdhdrem" rEm

igyka jeks oDYHdOdrl fnfyúka m%fhdackj;a fuj,uls' iudf,dapkh I|yd

fujeks oDYHdOdr Ndú;dj wo fndfyda wdh;k úiska isÿ lrkq ,efí' fï I|yd

PdhdrEm .; lrk PdhdrEm Ys,amS lKavdhï o isá;s' fndfyda fm!oa.,sl wdh;kj,

m%.;s iudf,dapkfha§ ta ta wÈhr udislj Pdhd rEm .; lr m%o¾Ykh lrkq ,efí'

iuyr úg wOHlaIl uKav,fha /iaùï ldurh ;=< tu wÞ< jHdmD;sfha m%.;sh

udislj úoyd olajk PdhdrEm m%o¾YKh lr ;sfnkq wmg ±l .; yels fõ'

j¾;udkfha m%.;s iudf,dapkh lsÍfï§ fuu oDYHOdrl fuj,u fnfyúka Ndú;d

fõ' m%.;sh ms<sn|j b;du ir, f,I;a blauKskskq;a woyila wmg f.k §ug fujeks

oDYHdOdrl iu;a fõ'

jHdmD;sh ms<sn| iEu wruqKl§u m%Yak ndOl u;= ùu iajNdúlh' m%.;s

iudf,dapkfhka flfrkafka fï m%Yak" ndOlj,ska ydks fkdmeñfKk mßÈ

jHdmD;sfha bÈß .uk yev .eiaaùuh' wm n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk wjidk b,lalh fj;

hdug ,efnkafka tfia l<fyd;a muKs' jHdmD;shla fldmuK fyd¢ka ie,iqï l<

138

o m%.;s iudf,dapkh ÿ¾j, kï tu jHdmD;sfhka lsisu Èfkl id¾:l

m%;sm, ,nd .; fkdyel' th b;du meyeÈ,s lreKls' fï I|yd wmg ´kE;rï

w;a±lSï ;sfí' wdrïN fldg w;r uÕ kj;dÆ jHdmD;s fndfyda ;sfí' tjeks jHdmdr

wid¾:l ùfï m%Odk;u fya;=j jkafka hym;a m%.;s iudf,dapk l%fudamdhla

wkq.ukh fkdlsÍuhs' jHdmD;s jev igyka wvmK jQfha;a jHdmD;sh ;=<

jxpdldrhka ìys jQfha;a tneúks' fï yeu m%Yakhlgu fya;=j fyd| m%.;s

iudf,dapkhla ke;s ùuh' jHdmD;sh fld;rï fyd|g ie,iqï l< o hym;a m%.;s

iudf,dapkhla fkdue;s ù kï ta ie,eiqu lsisu Èfkl id¾:l b,lalhla lrd

hkafka ke;'

óg jir 10 lg muK fmr ckdjdi ixj¾Okh I|yd iyNd.s;aj l%fudamdh hgf;a

m%.;s iudf,dapkh lrk wdldrh ms<sn| wm úiska ie,iqï l< w;r ta ms<sn| ilia

l, jd¾;d ;sfí' ckdjdi ixj¾Okfha§ m%cd uQ,sl iudf,dapkh yd we.hSu kñka

fmd;la o ksl=;a fldg ;sfí' Tng wjYH kï lshjd ne,Sug mq¿jk' iyNd.s;aj

l%fudamdhg wkqj ilia lrk ie,eiqul m%.;s iudf,dapkh lrk wdldrh .ek tys

úia;r I|yka fõ' fuys§ ud mjikafka wm úiska iïm%Þhdkql+,j ilia lrk

wdldrhg ie,iqï ilia lsÍug o m%.;s iudf,dapkh lsÍug o wmg mq¿jka njh'

tfukau m%cd iyNd.s;aj l%fudamdhhg wkqj ie,iqï ilia lsÍug o m%.;s

iudf,dapkh lsÍug o wmg mq¿jk' fï l%fudamdhhka folu ms<sn|j ,xldjg b;d

nyq,j w;a±lSï ;sfí' fï l%u foflau wjidk b,lalh ie,eiau id¾:l lr .ekSuhs'

óg wjqreÿ 10 lg muK fmr isg wm iuÕ jev l< ks,OdÍ uy;ajre w;a±lSï b;du

nyq, lKavdhuls' ud is;k mßÈ ksjdi oi ,CIh jeks jev igyka l< wjÈfha

f.dvkeÕ=Kq úYd, iúu;a wdh;k YS% ,xldfõ ;sfí' m%cd uQ, ie,iqï

l%fudamdhhka ;=< w;a±lSï ,enQ ksid tjekakkag fuh ÿIalr ld¾hhla fkdjkq we;'

tjeks w;a±lSï we;s ks,OdÍ uy;ajrekaf.a iyho Tng ,efnk neúka b;du fyd|

jHdmD;shla bÈßfha§ lsÍug Tng ,efnkq we;ehs uu is;ñ'

hudod fukúhf.a m<uqjk m%Yakh-iNdfõ isák whg( jHdmD;sfha l%shdldrlï

iudf,dapkh l< hq;af;a ljqreka úiskao@

iNdfõ ms<s;=r( m%cdj" m%cdj yd ks,OdÍka" wdKavqj" wdOdr fok wh

hudod fukúhf.a fojk m%Yakh-iNdfõ isák whg( iudf,dapkh l< hq;af;a

fudkjdo@ '

ms<s;=re( 1' fN!;sl uQ,Huh foaj,a

139

iyNd.s;aj m%fõYfha§ wm úiska is;sh hq;= ;j;a lreKla fuh úh yel' uqo,aj,ska

muKla .Kkays,õj,ska muKla ueksh fkdyels lreKq ;sfí' iuyr úg jHdmD;s

jev lghq;= Bg kshñ; ld, igykg" kshñ; jev ms<sfj<g wkqj fyd|ska flÍf.k

hkjd we;' kuq;a ñksiqkaf.a Ôú; ÈhqKq fjk njla thska woyia fjkafka ke;' uqo,a

iïnkaO lghq;= fyd|g flÍf.k hkjd úh yel' jHdmD;sfha jev lghq;= o kshñ;

fj,djg fyd|ska isÿ ù f.k hkjd úh yel' kuq;a wmg bka iEySulg m;a úh yelso@

ish,a, tfia fyd¢ka isÿ jk ksid ñksiqkaf.a Ôú;o fyd| ;;a;ajhg fjkia ù we;ehs

wmg is;sh yelso@ iuyr úg lghq;= fyd¢ka isÿ jk ksid wfma ld¾h,hg thska

hym;la isÿ ùug mq¿jk' wmg o I;=gq ùug mq¿jk' kuq;a fiajh ,nk ñksiqkaf.a

Ôú;j, ;;ajh flfiao hkak .ek wm is;sh hq;=h' tkï jHdmD;sfhka

iudchg ,efnk m, m%fhdack .ek wmg ie,ls,su;a ùug isÿ fõ'

iNdfõ flfkl=f.a ms<s;=r( fï jHdmD;sh ;=<ska m%cdj hï fiajhla ,nk nj

mjikafka kï" m%cdj thska m%fhdackhla ,nkafka kï m%cdj ta .ek w.h lrkafka

kï ta jHdmD;sh id¾:lhhs wmsg I;=gq úh yel' ta ksid jHdmD;sfha id¾:l;ajh

wmg ±k .; yelafla m%cdj ;=<ska nj uu is;ñ'

,,s; ñßy.,a, - kd.ßl uQ,sl fiajd jHdmD;sh hgf;a fudrgqfõ tla jHdmD;shla

wdrïN lrk wjÈfha uq,§u ñksiqkaf.a Ôjk ;;a;ajh" fi!LH ;;a;ajh ms<sn| o;a;

wm tla/ia lf<uq' bkamiq wms jd¾Islj tu lreKq .ek WodyrK f,I <ore urK

jeks foaj,a .ek iudf,dapkh lf,uq' túg wmg fmkS .sfha jHdmD;sh wdrïN lrk

úg mej;s ;;ajhg jvd b;du fjkia idudÔh ;;a;ajhka bka miq we;s ù ;sfnk

njhs' jHdmD;s n,mEfï ;lafiarejla jYfhka ta wNHdih b;d jákd tlls' fï I|yd

jHdmD;sh wdrïNfha isgu igyka ;nd .; hq;=h' fï w;a±lSï ;ju;a fudrgqj k.r

iNdj I;=j we;ehs uu is;ñ'

140

bÈßm;a lsÍu cd;sl c, iïmdok yd c,dmjyk

uKav,fha

ksfhdacH idudkHdêldßks yd jHdmD;s wOHlaIl

mS' wd¾' t,a' fifkúr;ak uy;añh úisks'

uu Tng bÈßm;a lrkafka c, iïmdok uKav,h uÕska Èh;a lrkq ,nk r;au,dk

fudrgqj m%foaYfha wmc,h uqyqog uqÞyeÍfï jHdmD;sh ms<sn| flá ye¢kaùula'

uu fuys§ l;d lrkafka r;au,dk fudrgqj m%foaYj,g wÞ< jk fldgi .ek muKla

kuq;a fï wmc, jHdmD;sh Y%S ,xldfõ ;sfnk l¾udka;mqr folgu tkï r;au,dk

fudrgqj yd cd we, tal, hk m%foaY folgu wh;a jHdmD;shla' ud fï l;d lrkafka

r;au,dk - fudrgqj m%foaYj,g wÞ< jHdmD;s fldgi .ek muKls'

wm fujeks jHmD;shla f;dard.;af;a uka±hs uq,skau myod §ug uu leue;af;ñ'

Tn ieu okakd mßÈ fï m%foaYfha ;sfnk l¾udka;Yd,dj,ska ksl=;a flfrk ld¾ñl

wm c,h yd f.j,aj,ska msgjk wmc,h ksid idudkH ldkq msÍ b;sÍ ¨kdj l,mqj

olajdu .,d ta ish¿u m%foaY wmú;% ;;ajhl mj;S' tfukau fuu m<df;a N+.; c,

uÜgu we;af;a fnfyúka by,sks' tneúka jeis Èkj,§ mq;slr gexls fyj;a ksfjiaj,

we;s wmøjH tla/ia lr Èrdm;a lrjk fimaála gexls msgdr .,d uyck

fi!LHhg ;¾ckhla fõ' uÿrefjda fnda fj;s' fï ksid jix.; frda. me;sf¾' j;=r

tl ;ek /£ m,a fõ' ¨kdj l,mqjg .,df.k hk wm c,h ksid ¨kdj l,mqj

wmsßisÿ ù mßirh ¥IKh ù ;sfí'

l¾udka;Yd,dj,ska ksl=;a jk wm c,h tu l¾udka;Yd,dj,ska fjk fjku msßisÿ

fldg msgl< hq;= njg kshu l<fyd;a th l¾udka;Yd,d ysñhkag úYd, úhoula

orkakg isÿ jk ls%hdÞuhla ksid Tjqka fndfyda fofkl= ish l¾udka;Yd,d jid

±óug mq¿jk' tfia tu lïy,a jid ±uqjo lïy,a ysñhka Okj;=ka neúka Tjqkag

th nrm;< m%Yakhla fkdjkq we;' tfy;a lïy,a jeiQ l, thska isÿjkafka ÿmam;a

ckhdg /lshd ke;s ùuh' wms fujeks jHdmD;shla lsÍug ;SrKh lf,a fï lreKq

141

ish,a, i<ld ne,Sfuka miqh'

fï jHdmD;sh uq,skau mgka .kaakd ,oafoa YlH;d wOHhk mj;ajd 1994 § f,dal nexl=

wdOdrj,sks' bka miq 1998 § óg wÞ, fldka;%d;a;= m%odkh lrk ,È' ta wjêfha§ fï

jHdmD;sh fldgia follg fjka lr ;snqks' tkï wm c,h tl;= lrk fldgi f,dal

nexl= wdOdr hgf;a isÿ lrk wdldrhgh' wks;a fldgi jQfõ kj wdldrhlg

wm-c,hg ms<shï lrk hka;% iQ;% iú lsÍuhs' tfy;a wmg fuh lr.; fkdyels úh'

wm-c,hg ms<shï lrk hka;% iQ;% iú lsÍfï fldka;%d;a;=j Ök iud.ulg mejrE

kuq;a Tjqkag th lr.; fkdyelsj jHdmD;sh w;r uÕ kj;d ±óug wmg isÿ úh'

fï w;r f,dal nexl=fjka uQ,HdOdr imhk ld, isudj blau .sfhka j¾I 2000 È

jHdmD;sh wj,x.= lsÍug isÿ úh' wk;=rej 2001 j¾Ifha§ fudrgqj úYaj úµd,h

úiska jHdmD;sfha YlH;d wOHhkh w¨;a lrk ,È' kej; fï jHdmD;sh ls%hd;aul

lsÍu I|yd YS% ,xld wdKavqj úiska iaùvka rcfhka wdOdr b,a,d isá w;r 2002 § isvd

wdh;kh úiska jHdmD;sh .ek kej; I,ld ne,Su isÿ úh' 2005 jir jk f;lau

wjYH ,shlshú,s ilia lsÍu;a wkqu; lsÍu;a isÿ úh' fï ld,h ;=,§ jHdmD;sfha

mdßißl n,mEï .ek kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßh yd uOHu mßir wêldßh úiska

wOHhk fldg wmg wkque;sh ,nd fok ,È' fï I|yd wmf wdOdr lsÍug iaùvkh

leue;a; m, flf,a 2005 §h' 2006 ud¾;= udifha § wjYH .súiqï w;ai;a lrk ,ÿj

±ka fgkav¾m;a ksl=;a lsÍu isÿ flf¾' .súiqug wkqj fï I|yd fgkav¾ le|úh

yelafla hqfrdamd ix.uhg wh;a rgj,aj,ska muKls'

fï jHdmD;sh iïnkaOfhka wmf.a wruqKq

m%foaYfha uyckhdf.a Ôjk uÜgu yd idudkH mßirh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu

jHdmD;s m%foaYfha mÈxÑ ckhdf.a fi!LH ;;ajh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu

wjg ;sfnk u;=msg ldKq yd c, ud¾. mú;%j ;nd .ekSu

m%foaYfha §¾>ld,Sk wd¾Ól idOH;djh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu yd wjidkfha m%foaYfha

ia;S%ka yd mqreIhkaf.a wd¾Ól ;;ajh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu

jHdmD;sfha idrdxYhla

fmdf<dfõ uÜgu wkqj" fï jHdmD;s m%foaYh tla tla fiajd m%foaY .Kkdjlg

fnod ;sfí' tu ta ta m%foaYj, ;sfnk l¾udka;Yd,d yd f.j,aj,ska wmc,h tl;=

lr .ekSu k< cd,hla yryd isÿ flf¾' tfia wm-c,h tl;= lr .kq ,nkafka l=vd

mhsmam uOHia:dkj, fyj;a fmdïmd.drj,g h' t;ekska tu wm c,h tu c,hg

ms<shï lrk fyj;a tu wmc,h msßisÿ lrk m%Odk ia:dkhg fmdïm lrkq ,efí'

tys § tu wm-c,hg ms<shï fldg msßisÿ lrkq ,efí' tfia msßisÿ lrkafka uOHu

142

mßir wêldßh iïu; l< m%ñ;shlg tu wm-c,h m;a jk f;lah' wk;=rej tfia

ms<shï l, fyj;a msßisÿ l, wm-c,h r;au,dfkka uqyqog uqod yßkq ,efí' b;sßjk

úh<s wmøjH fldïfmdaiaÜ hka;%d.drhg$oyk hka;%d.drhg fhduq lrkq ,efí'

ir,j meyeÈ,s lrkafka kï fï jHdmD;sfhka lrkq ,nkafka fï ls%hdÞuhhs'

fï jHdmD;s m%foaYh ;=, l=vd úIalïNhlska hq;= k, iú lr we;s ;ekaj, óg¾ 60ka

60g o jvd úYd, úIalïNhlska hq;= k< w;=rd we;s ;ekaj, óg¾ 100ka 100g o

uEkafyda,a fyj;a l=vd újD; újr idod ;sfí' Bg fya;=j idudkH c,h fuka fkdj

fï wm c,h myiqfjka È.gu k< ud¾.j, .,d fkdhk neúks' tu k< ud¾. tfia

wjysr jQ wjia:dj,§ fiajlhkag ta ;=<g nei tajd Y=oaO mú;% lsÍug yelsjk

wdldrhg tu uEkafyda,a fyj;a l=vd újD; újr idod ;sfí' wm-c,h tl;=jk

m,uqjk fmdïm lsÍfï uOHia:dkh msysgqjkq ,nkafka nfvdaúgh' ta wjg ksYaÑ;

m%foaYhl wm-c,h tu fmdïmd.drhg tl;= lrkq ,efí'fõ' fojeks fmdïmd.drh

msysgqjkq ,nkafka chiqukdrdu mdr wi,h' ;=kajk fmdïmd.drh msysgqjkq ,nkafka

l|j, j;af;ah' y;rjk fmdïmd.drh uyd úydr mdf¾ msysgqjkq ,efí' miajk

fmdïmd.drh msysgqjkq ,nkafka f;,j, c, iïmdok uKav,fha bvulh' yhjk

fmdïmd.drh msysgqjkq ,nkafka fudrgqfõ bo,a j;af;ah' y;ajk fmdïmd.drh

lgqneoao úYaj úoHd,hg hk mdf¾ mqxÑ WoHdkfha msysgqjkq ,efí' fï ia:dkj, iú

lrkq ,nk l=vd fmdïmd.dr bÈ lrkq ,nkafka fmdf<da uÜgfuka hgh' fmdïm

fmdf<dj hg iú fldg jid oud ;nkq ,efí' fmdf<dj u;=msg msysgd we;af;a

ld¾hd,h muKs' hï lsis kshñ; uÜgulg ta wm-c,h /ia jQ l, tu fmdïm

iajhxlS%hj l%shd;aul ù bka miq bfíu kj;S' fuys§ lsisu ÿ¾.kaOhla yukafka ke;'

Yíohla o ke;' wm fï fmdïmd.dr ks¾udKh lsÍug ie,iqï lr we;af;a ta

wdldrhgh'

fï jHdmD;sh mshjr jYfhka j¾. fldg we;' ±ka wm ie,ls,a,g ,la lrkafka

m<uqjk mshjr .ekh' fï mshjf¾§ wdjrKh jk mdßfNda.sl úia;r my; I|yka

mßÈ fõ' tkï fï m<uqjk mshjf¾§ l¾udka; Yd,d 238 la o" ld¾hd, jeks rdcH

yd jdKsc wdh;k 157 lao" f.j,a 6597 lao o" ksjdi fhdackdl%u 3 la o we;=<;a

fõ' ;sfhkjd' ±kg f.dv kÕk ksjdi fhdackd l%uh;a" ¨kdj kj ckdjdihla o"

fidhsidmqr ksjdi fhdackd l%uh;a tu fhdackdl%u 3 fõ'

r;au,dk$fudrgqj yd cdwe,$tal, hk jHdmD;s m%foaY fol I|yd m<uqjk wÈhf¾§

jHdmD;sfha msßjeh my; I|yka mßÈ fõ'

r;au,dk$fudrgqj cdwe,$tal, tl;=j

143

remsh,a ñ,shk remsh,a ñ,shk remsh,a ñ,shk

úfoaYSh wdOdr 5580 1960 7540

foaYSh wdOdr 1330 450 1780

tl;=j 6910 2410 9320

fï wkqj m<uqjk wÈhf¾§ iïmQ¾K jHdmD;shg remsh,a fldaá 932la jeh jk w;r

bka fldaá 691 lau jeh lrkq ,nkafka r;au,dk$fudrgqj jHdmD;s m%foaYh I|ydh'

miq.sh ud¾;= udifha § iaùvka rch;a Y%S ,xld rch;a fï iïnkaO .súiqula w;aika

l< nj uu uq,§ mejiqfjñ' ta .súiqug wkqj jHdmD;sfha fldka;%d;a msßjeh

wdjrKh lrkq msKsi isvd wdh;kh uÕska wfußldkq fvd,¾ ñ,shk 72'6 la fyj;a

Y%S ,xld uqo,ska remsh,a ñ,shk 7500 l fmd<S rys; Kh uqo,la wmg ,efí' B<Õg

Tjqka wfußldkq fvd,¾ ñ,shk 3'6 la fyj;a Y%S ,xld uqo,ska remsh,a ñ,shk 370 la

§ukdjla jYfhka wmg m%odkh lrkq we;' ta §ukdj m%Þkh lrkq ,nkafka

fldka;%d;a;=j wëlaIKh lrkq I|yd;a mdßißl ikSmdrlaaIdj I|yd;ah' bka

remsh,a ñ,shk 10 la kshu fldg we;af;a m%foaYfha È<s÷ ck;djg jeisls<s iE§u

I|ydh' mdßißl ikSmdrlaaIdj hkqfjka woyia fldg we;af;a ta ld¾hhhs' YS% ,xld

rch jir 4 l muK ld,hla ;=<§ remsh,a ñ,shk 1780 la jHDmD;sh I|yd jeh l<

hq;=h' ta uqo, jeh lrkq ,nkafka fï jHdmD;sh i|yd ,xldjg f.kajk NdKavj,g

tkï k< yd hka;%iQ;% hkdÈh I|yd f¾.= nÿ f.ùug;a bvï I|yd l< hq;= f.ùï

hkd§ jYfhka foaYSh jYfhka ±ßh hq;= msßjeh I|yd;ah'

fuu jHdmD;s m%foaYh ;=< ñ,sógr 160 isg 1400 olajd jQ úIalïNh we;s k< óg¾

46 la w;=rkq we;' ñka iuyrla yshqï mhsmam jk w;r iuyrla b;d úYd, mhsmam

jkq we;' fmdïmd.dr 7 la ;sfnk nj uu óg fmr meyeÈ,s lf<ñ' tu fmdïm lrk

k< lsf,daóg¾ 10'5 la È.g ;sfí' wmc,hg ms<shï fhdod msßisÿ lsÍfï

uOHia:dkhla fidhsidmqr msysgqjkq ,efí' t;ekska ms<shï l< c,h ñ,s óg¾ 1100

l úIalïNh we;s óg¾ 2 la È. k< ud¾.hla Tiafia uqyqog fmdïm lrkq we;'

jHdmD;sfha j¾;udk ;;ajh

fï jk úg wmg Kh wdOdr uqo, wkqu; ù we;s ksid cQks 8 Þ isg fkdjeïn¾ 1 olajd

ld,h ;=< hqfrdamd ix.ufha rgj,a 25 lska fï I|yd fgkav¾ le|jd ;sfí' 2006

Tlaf;dan¾ isg wfm%a,a olajd fgkav¾ we.hqï lsÍu yd wkqu; lsÍu isÿ fldg wfma%,a

udifha§ fldka;%d;a;=j ,nd §ug lghq;= fhdÞ ;sfí' blaì;s 2007 uehs ui jev

wdrïN fldg 2010 foieïn¾ jk úg jev wjika fldg bka miq 2011 ckjdß isg

uehs 11 olajd ld,h ;=<§ wfma moaO;shg th iïnkaO lsÍu isÿ flfrkq we;'

144

fuu jHdmD;shg wÞ, ;j;a jev fldgila .ek ud fuys§ meyeÈ,s l< hq;=h'

wm-c,hg ms<shï fldg msßisÿ lsÍfï ia:dkh msysgqùu I|yd wmg r;au,dk"

fudrgqj m%foaYj,ska wmg wlalr 4 l muK bvï m%udKhla wjYH fõ' ±kg

fidhsidmqr uy,a ksjdij," msysá wmøjH ms<shï lsÍfï ia:dkfha wlalr foll

bvula ;sfnk w;r Bg hdno wlalr foll muK N+ñ m%foaYfha mÈxÑj isák mjq,a

121 g jkaÈ uqo,a f.jd thska bj;a fldg tu mjq,a kej; mÈxÑ lrùug wm úiska

ie,iqï fldg ;sfí' fuu mjq,aj,g m%udKj;a jkaÈ uqo,la f.jk w;r ta

wkqj ,efnk tu wlalr 4 l N+ñ Nd.fha fï msßisÿ lsÍfï uOHia:dkh msysgqjkq we;'

Bg wu;rj ;j;a l< hq;= fohla ;sfí' tkï wm c, moaO;sfha ls%hdldß;ajh

weröug fmr ieksgß ,Ekaâ *s,a tlla fyj;a iksSmdrlaIl msrjqula isÿ lsÍug

lghq;= lsÍuhs' tkï fï wm-c,h ms<shï fldg fmÍfuka miq tu fmrykaj, b;sß

jk frdkauv jeks foaj,a f.k f.dia oeóug iqÿiq ia:dkhls' jHdmD;sh wjika ùug

fmr ta I|yd ia:dkhla o ilia l, hq;=h'

kd.rsl uka;S%jrfhla

fidhsidmqr fï wm c,hg ms<shï lrk uOHia:dkh bÈjk wlalr y;rl N+ñ

Nd.fhka bj;a flfrk ckhdg jkaÈ jYfhka f.jk uqo, fldmukla±hs

±k .ekSug tu ckhd leue;af;ka isá;s' ;ukag m%udKj;a jkaÈ uqo,la ,efío keoao

hkak Tjqkag .eg¿jla ù ;sfí'

wOHlaIljßh

Tjqkag ta I|yd f,dl= uqo,la f.ùug wms n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjuq' ±kg th wOHlaIl

uKav,fha wkque;sh I|yd fhduq lr we;s neúka ta wkque;sh ,o miq tu uqo,

fld;rï±hs mejiSug yels jkq we;'

,laIm;sh m%foaYfha fï jHdmD;shg úfrdaOh mek keÕ=Kq ksid iuyr m%foaY

jHdmD;sfhka bj;a lsÍug wmg isÿ úh' fuhska mdvq jkafka Tjqkaguh' m<uqjk

mshjf¾§ we;s fï úfrdaOh ksid fojk fyda ;=kajk mshjf¾§j;a tu ckhdg fuys

m,m%fhdack fkd,efnkq we;' we;a; jYfhkau fï wmc,h neyer lsÍfï iïnkaO;d

uyckhdg uqo,a f.jd ,nd .ekSug isÿ jqjfyd;a ta I|yd Tjqkag w;s úYd, uqo,la

mqoa.,slj f.ùug isÿ jkq we;' kuq;a fï jHdmD;sh hgf;a tu iïznkaO;dj,g jeh

jk uqo, mjd iaùvka wdOdr hgf;a ,nd § ;sfí'

fï .ek wm úiska È.= ld,hla ;siafia ±kqj;a lsÍï l< kuq;a Bg úreoaO wh ;u

u;fhau ±ä f,I t,an isá;s' wmg ;¾ckh lsÍug mjd iuyr wh lghq;= l<y'

145

uka;S%jrhd

fuu jHdmD;shg úreoaaOj ;j;a u;hla o lgqneoao m%foaYfha f.dvkeÕS mj;S' fï

jHdmD;sh ls%hd;aul l<fyd;a Bg úreoaOj ;ukag .; yels Wmßu l%shd

ud¾. .kakd njg iuyr m%cdjka lshd isá;s' ;j;a iuyrla fï jHdmD;sfhka ;u

m%foaYhg Wmßu m, fk<d .; hq;= nj mji;s' jHdmD;shg mlaIj yd úmlaIj

hkqfjka .fï ckhd folg fn§ .fï u; folla l%shd;aul fõ' .fï uyck

ksfhdað;fhla yeáhg fï u; fol w;r isr ù uy;a wmyiq;djhlg uqyqKmEug ug

isÿ ù ;sfí' by, uÜgfï§ .kakd ;SrK fl;rï hym;a jqj o tajd .ek idudkH

uyckhdg ±kqj;aNdjhla fyda ±laula fkdue;s l< fujeks úfrdaO;djhka we;s jk

nj uf.a woyihs' tneúka fï jHdmD;sh .ek ish¿ m%foaYjdiSka ±kqj;a l< yels

wdldrfha újD; /iaùula mj;ajk f,I;a jHdmD;s wOHlaIljßh f,I meñK tu

ckhd ±kqj;a lrk f,I;a uu fhdackd lsÍug leue;af;ñ' túg fï jHdmD;sh .ek

wiqnjd§ woyia orK ñksiqkag mjd fuys iqNjd§Ndjh m%;HCI jkq we;' tfia

lgqneoao m%foaYhg meñK ±kqj;a lsßfï jev igykla meje;aùug wjYH myiqlï yd

iyfhda.h I,id §ug wmg fmdfrdkaÿ úh yel'

ldka;djla

¨kdj bo,aj;a; m%foaYfha fuu jHdmD;sfhka wdjrKh jk m%foaYh ;=< ckhd ìfhka

yd ielfhka miq jkafka fuu jHdmD;sh I|yd wjYH jk mdr m<,a lsÍfï§ ;ukaf.a

ksjdi leã f.dia ;ukag ish ksfjia wysñ jkq we;ehs hk u;hla Tjqka w;r me;sr

f.dia we;s neúks' ta ms<sn| lreKq meyeÈ,s lsßula lrkafka kï uekú'

jHdmD;s wOHlaIljßh

fuu ia:dkfha msysgqjkafka m¾pia y;l muk bvlvl l=vd fmdïmd.drhla neúka

tu ia:dkhg hdu tau I|yd mdr m<,a lsßula wjYH jkafka ke;'

146


fudßia úfÊr;ak ^ksfhdacH k.rdêm;s&" ùù' iS' j¾Kl=,iQßh ^flduidßia&"

tï' hudod ^hQtkaiSwd¾ã&" kkÜiqflda fils.=Ñ ^fÊ´iSù&

jev uq¿j wjika lsÍfï§ ksfhdacH k.rdêm;s;=udf.a woyia ±laùu

fudßia úfÊr;ak

fudrgqj m%foaYhg n,mdk .eg¿ iïnkaOfhka úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduq lrñka"

Bfha;a wo;a Èk fol ;siafia tu .eg¿ idlÉPd lsÍu I|yd ;u ld,h lem lrñka

fuys meñKs Tn ish¿ fokdg;a Tn ksfhdackh lrk ish¨u wdh;kj,g;a uf.a

ia;+;sh mqo lsÍug uu leue;af;ñ' Tn ±la jQ lemùu wm fnfyúka w.h lrkafkuq'

fï jevuq¿fjys f;audj jqfha iajNdúl jHikhka iy wjodkï iys; ;;ajhka"

m,odhS Wmdh ud¾. ;=,ska ixj¾Okhg fhdojd .ekSuhs' óg jir 1 1$2 g muK

m%:u wms wmg kqmqreÿ w;a±lSulg uqyqK ÿksuq' ta iqkdñ jHikhhs' tjekaklg wm

uqyqK ÿkafka wm okakd b;sydifha m<uqfjks j;djgh' wm lsisfjl=g;a ta ms<sn| fmr

w;a±lSula fkd;sìK' fuh wfma rfÜ ck;djg uqyqK mEug isÿ jQ uyd fÄojdplhla

úh' iqkdñhla .ek lsis;a fkd±k isá úYd, ck;djla uqyqÿ /,a, rg ;=<g .,d

tafï§ urKhg m;a jQy'

fï úmf;ka wms úYd, mdvï bf.k .;suq' tÞ wmg tjeks wjia:djlg uqyqK §u

I|yd lsisÿ ie,eiaula fkd;sìK' wo wm l:d lrkafka tjeks ie,eiaula .ekh'

úfYaIfhka u fï úm;g m;a jqfha uqyqÿ fjr< ;Srfha" fjr< ixrCIK

fomd¾;fïka;=jg wh;a N+ñfha wkjirfhka mÈxÑj isá ckhdh' m%Odk jYfhka

fuu ;;a;ajhg uqyqK meug isÿ jQfha Tjqkaygh' ±ka fï wjia:dfõ§ fï m%Yakh .ek

b;d ne?reï f,I f;areï f.k uqyqÿ fjrf<a isg óg¾ 45 l ÿr m%udKh olajd N+ñ

m%udKh fjr< rCIs;hla f,I wdrlaId lrkakg;a tu N+ñNd.h ;=< lsisÿ

f.dvke.s,a,la bÈfkdlrkakg;a ±ka rch lghq;= lr ;sfí'

tfukau fï iqkdñ jHikfha§ nQkao, jfkdaoHdkh yd ta wjg uqyqÿ ;Srhkays mej;s

lfvd,dk" iajNdúl Ydl yd je,s l÷j,ska wmg wdrlaIs; wdjrKhla ,enqKq

147

wdldrho wms ÿgqfjuq' ±ka tys jeo.;alu f;areï .ekSfuka miq fjr< ixrCIK

fomd¾;fïka;=j yd kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßh tlaj tjeks yß; wdjrKhla fuu

fjr< ixrCIK iSudj Tiafia È.gu iE§u I|yd jev igykla ls%hd;aul

fldg ;sfí' iqkdñ jHikfhka nQkao, jfkdaoHdk m%foaYhg isÿ jQfõ fnfyúka wju

ydkshls' tjeks jgmsgdjla" fi!kao¾hhla wksl=;a m%foaYj,o ilia lsÍu ;=<ska

wdmodj,g uqyqK Èh yels mßirhla ks¾udKh lsÍug wmg yel' fï lreKq

ldrKd .ek wm ±kqj;a lsÍu I|yd úfYaIfhka ta fjkqfjkau cmdkfhka meñK

isák tu wdh;kj, fiajh lrk ta uy;au uy;aókag yd fukúhkag;a wmf.a

f.!rjKsh ia;+;sh ud fï wjia:dfõ mqo lr isáñ'

ud olsk mßÈ fojk jeo.;a lreK jkafka wkjir bÈlsÍï h' wkjir

bÈlsÍï .ek .re k.rdêm;s;=ud;a uu;a wmf.a kd.ßl flduidßia;=ud;a

b;du;a ;Èka lghq;= lrkakg n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjuq'

iajNdúl jHik .ek l;d lrk l, wmg N+ñ lïmd .sks l÷ m%Yak ke;'

úfYaIfhkau wmg ;sfnk wks;a m%Yakh jkafka .xj;=r m%Yakhhs' wfma .%dufiajd

jiï 10 lg .xj;=r m%Yakh ;Èka n,mEï we;s lrhs' ̈ kdj l,mq ixj¾Okh ;=<ska

yd ta m%cd Þhl jev igyka ;=<ska fï ;;a;ajh wju lr .ekSug yelshdjla

bÈßld,fha§ wmg ,efnkq we;ehs uu is;ñ'

fudrgqj uy k.r iNd n, m%foaYh j¾. lsf,daóg¾ 23 lg jvd iaj,amhla jeäh'

tneúka bvï hkq wmg b;du;a jákd iïm;ls' wfma ck;djg bvï fnfyúka jà'

tksid wfma ck;dj úYd, fldgila fl;a ìïj," j.=re ìïj," rCIs; ìïj,

ksjdi ;kdf.k mÈxÑ ù isá;s' fuu jev uq¿fõ§ keÕ=Kq ;j;a m%Yakhla jqfõ

bvïj,g Tmamq fkdue;s ùuhs' iuyr úg fuu bvï uyd Ndrldr fomd¾;fïk;=jg"

rchg yd wksl=;a mqoa.,sl jHdmdßlhkag" fjk;a n,j;=kag wh;a bvïh' tajdfha

ckhd wkjirfhka mÈxÑj isá;s' fndfyda ckhd fufia wkjirfhka mÈxÑj

isákafka;a ksjdi bÈjkafka;a .xj;=r nei hk ia:dk wdYs%;jh' tfukau fudrgqj

kd.ßllrKh wêl f,iska isÿjk m%foaYhla njg fuys§ woyia bÈßm;a úh' th

b;du;a ksjerÈhhs uu o is;ñ' fufia uv j.=rej," fl;aìïj," tfia;a fkdue;s

kï .x bjqrej, ksjdi bÈ lsÍfuka th ;yjqre flf¾'

tfy;a yeu wdh;khlau ;ukag ;sfnk j.lSï ksis whqßka f;areï f.k bgq lrkafka

kï fï m%Yak úi|d .ekSu wmyiq fkdfõ' iqkdñ wdmodfjka miq ixj¾Okh

iïnkaOfhka we;s ù ;sfnk hym;a ;;ajh wm ish,a,ka úiska bÈßhg wdrCId

lr.; hq;=h' tfukau wm ish¿ fokdu tla ù ish¿u ksis wjfndaOhla we;=j lghq;=

148

ilia l< hq;=h' fuys idlÉPdjg Ndckh jQ m%Yak iïnkaOfhka bÈßfha§ wms fï

wdh;k ;=<ska lghq;= lsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjuq'

Bfha;a wo;a fudrgqj .ek fï wdldrfhka iïnkaO ù lghq;= lsÍug meñKs ish¨u

wdh;kj,g" rdcH fomd¾;fïka;=j,g yd rdcH fkdjk wdh;kj,go k.r iNdj

yd k.rdêm;s;=ud fjkqfjka uu ia;+;s lrñ'

k.riNdfõ flduidßia;=udf.a mksjqvh

Bfha ojfia;a wo;a uu fï jev igyk .ek wjOdkfhka isáfhñ' fuu jev uq¿fõ§

ta ta lKavdhï bÈßm;a l< lreKq fmdaiag¾j, igyka lrk ,os' uu o mqoa.,slju

ta lreKq lshjd ne¨fjñ' ta ish¿ lreKq yd fï jev uq¿fjka bÈßm;a jQ ish¿ woyia

wmf.a uy k.r iNdjg ,nd fok f,ig uu fï jevuq¿j ixúOdkh l< kÜiqflda

fufkúhf.ka b,a,Sulao lf<ñ' tys § fudrgqj uy k.r iNdj jYfhka ta bÈßm;a

l< ldrKd flfrys wjOdkh fhduq fldg wfma Yla;s m%udKfhka ta .eg¿j,g

ms<s;=rla ,nd §ug;a" tajd l%shd;aul lsÍug;a" .re k.rdêm;s;=ud" ksfhdacH

k.rdêm;s;=ud we;=¿ kd.ßl uka;%S;=uka yd wmf.a ld¾h uKav,h

iyNd.s;ajfhka l%shd lrk nj fï wjia:dfõÈ lshd isàug uu leue;af;ñ' fudrgqj

uy k.r iNdj fjkqfjka fï foÈkl jev uq¿j ixúOdkh l< ish¿ fokdgu wmf.a

yDohdx.u ia;+;sh msßkukafkñ' fkamd,fha isg fuys meñK fï jev uq¿j id¾:l

lr .ekSug ish odhl;ajh iemhQ cmdkfha yshf.da k.rfha msysá l,dmSh

ixj¾Okh I|yd jk tlai;a cd;Skaf.a uOHia:dkfha uhqñ hudod fufkúhg;a tys

wdmÞ l<ukdlrK ie,iqï uOHia:dkfha cmka cd;sl tâj¾â iqufgda uy;dg;a

wfma yDohdx.u ia;+;sh msßkukafkuq'

cmka cd;sl iafõÉPd fiaaúldjla bosrsm;a l< woyila (

fudrgqj m%foaYfha fndfyda wdndê; wh isá;s' Tnf.a ls%hd ie,iqï ilia lsÍfï§ ta

wh .ek o is;sh hq;=h'

kÜiqflda fufkúhf.a woyia ±laùu

fuu jev uq¿jg iyNd.s jQ yeu fokdgu uu fnfyúka ia;+;s jka; fjñ' wo fï

foÈkl jev uq¿j wjika jk kuq;a i;H jYfhkau fuh wjidkh fkdjk nj Tn

yeu fokdg isysm;a lr,Sug uu leue;af;ñ' tfukau fï jev uq¿j id¾:l ù hhs

wmg mejish yelafla wm fuys§ idlÉPd l< foaj,a wm úiska bÈßfha§ ls%hd;aul

lrkafka kï muks' Tn yeu fokdu fï jev uq¿j ;=,ska fndfyda foaj,a bf.k .;a

nj;a Tn i;=j fndfyda yelshdjka we;s nj;a uf.a úYajdihhs'

149

,nk ui 19 Þ jk úg YS% ,xldj ;=< uf.a fiajd ld,h wjika jk neúka uu furáka

kslau hkafkñ' fudrgqj k.rfha ixj¾Okh i|yd ud iïnkaO jQ lghq;= .ek isys

lrk l, YS% ,xldfjka msg;aj hdug isÿ ùu .ek ug fõokdjla ±fka' tfy;a kej;

Tn yeu uqK .efikq msKsi wdmiq fuys taug ud n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk w;r ta jk úg

Tn ksr;j isák ixj¾Ok lghq;=j, id¾:l;ajh ug ±l .; yels jqjfyd;a th

ug uy;a i;=gla jkq we;' tneúka wm fuys§ idlÉPd l< lreKq wu;l ù hdug

bv fkdyer ta iïnkaOj Tng l< yels lghq;= ls%hd;aul lsÍug mgka .kakd fuka

b,a,ñ'

ug fnfyúka iyfhda.h ÿka .re k.rdêm;s;=udg yd ksfhdacH k.rdêm;s;=udg;a"

flduidßia;=udg" wkqr oikdhl uy;dg yd rxð;a uy;dg;a cmka cd;Hka;r

iyfhda.s;d iafõÉPd fiajfha fiajl fiaaúldjkag;a tlai;a cd;Skaf.a l,dmSh

ixj¾Okh ixj¾Okh I|yd jQ uOHia:dkfha ld¾h uKav,hg;a fuys § ia;+;sjka;

jkafkñ'

hudod uhqñ fufkúhf.a woyia ±laùu

fuys§ úfYaIfhka .re k.rdêm;s;=udg yd fï wjia:dfõ fuys meñK isák ksfhdacH

k.rdêm;s;=udg;a ia;+;sjka; fjñ' fuu jev uq¿j id¾:l lr .ekSu I|yd

Tnf.ka ,enqKq iyfhda.h yd lemùu yd Wmfoia wmg fnfyúka m%fhdackj;a úh'

Tn fnfyúka ld¾hnyq, jqjo ta ish,a, ueo óg iyNd.s ùu .ek ia;+;s lrñ' wm

fuh ixúOdkh lf<a cmka cd;Hka;r iyfhda.s;d iafõÉPd fiajfha fiajl

fiaaúldjkaf.a iyfhda.h we;sjh' Tjqkaf.a iyfhda.h fkd,eìks kï wmg fuh

id¾:lj lr .ekSug fkdyels jkq we;' uu fmr<d cmdkhg .sh úg Tjqkaf.a

Þhl;ajh Wkkaÿj WfoHda.h .ek tys ld¾hd,hg jd¾;d lrkakg n,dfmdfrd;a;=

fjñ'

kÜiqflda fufkúhg o uu ia;+;sjka; fjñ' wE id¾:l f,i wef.a fiajd ld,h ksu

fldg wdmiq wef.a rgg hdug iQodkï jk w;r buy;a fjfyi uykaishla orñka wE

úiska wdrïN l< jev lghq;= Tn úiska bÈßhg lr f.k hk njg fuys§u

fmdfrdkaÿ úh yels±hs Tnf.ka úuiSug uu leue;af;ñ' wE fuys§ wdrïN l< jev

lghq;=" wE uq,a ù wdrïN l< fiajd lghq;=" w;am;a lr .;a ch.%yK bÈßhgu f.k

hk njg Tfí w; Tijd fmdfrdkaÿ jk f,ig uu Tnf.ka lreKdfjka b,a,d isáñ'

th wmg l< yels úYd,u Wmldrhhs'

INdj ( wms Wmßu iyfhda.h §ug fmdfrdkaÿ fjuq'

fuu jev uq¿fõ idlÉPd l< lreKq yd tys m%;sm, wms Tfí NdIdfjka uqøKh

150

lrkafkuq' túg Y%S ,xldfõ wks;a whgo Tnf.a fiajfhka fï jev uq¿jg ,enqKq

Þhl;ajh ksid fndfyda foaj,a bf.k .ekSug yels jkq we;' ta jevuqq¿ jd¾;dj wms

bx.S%is yd cmka nigo mßj¾;kh lrkafkuq' th ksõfhda¾la k.rhg ðkSjd

k.rhgo cmdkhg yd f,dj wksl=;a rgj,aj,go hkq we;'

tfukau Tnf.a ls%hd ie,eiau Tn ls%hd;aul lrkafka flfia±hs ±l .ekSugo wms

n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjñ' wmf.a ys;j;a lu yd tlaj iyfhda.fhka jev lghq;= lsÍu

bÈßhgo mj;ajd .ksuqq'

túg th fudrgqj muKla fkdj uq¿ YS% ,xldjgo wdYS¾jdohla jkq we;s w;r

YS% ,xldj fl;rï jákd ,laIK rglao hk nj uq¿ f,dalhdgu fmkajd §ug wmg

yels jkq we;'

151

weñKqu - ta" jHikj,g uqyqK §u I|yd ±kqu

m<uq fldgi ) jHik I|yd ðú;drlaIl wx. iys; msßlaiqï ,ehsia;=j

fojk fldgi ) c,.e,Sï yd jHik je<elaùu I|yd msßlaiqï ,ehsia;=j

11 fldgi ( úm;aj,§ Ôú; wdrlaId lr .ekSu I|yd

wjYH jk foaj,a ms<sn| msßlaiqï ,ehsia;=j

yÈis wjia:djl§ iQÞkñka isàu i|yd Tng blauka uÕ fmkaùula

j¾Idj yd l=Kdgq ksid we;sjk úm;aj,ska Tn;a Tfí mjq,;a wdrlaId lr.kak'`

úm;a wvq lsÍfï wdh;kh (DRI) yd UNCRD DMP ysfhdaf.da ld¾hd,h

my; i|yka jkafka úm;a;s wjia:dj,§ m%fhdackj;a jk øjH ,ehsia;=jls' yß úÈhg kï

fïjd yÈis wjia:djla meñKSug fmr iQÞkï fldg ;nd .; hq;= h' túg fuu w;HjYH øjH

/f.k úm;ska fíÍ ÿj f.dia ;u Ôú; wdrlaId lr .ekSug hful=g yels jkq we;' úYd,

m%Yakhla ke;sj tla ojila .; lr.ekSu i|yd jeäysáhka fofofkl=g m%udKj;a úh

yelshhs ie,flk foaj,a fï ,ehsia;=jg we;=<;a fõ' Tn n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdjQ

úm;a;slr ;;ajhkag uqyqK § Tn;a Tfí mjq,;a wdrlaId lr .ekSu i|yd wdrïNhla

jYfhka fï ,ehsia;=j Ndú;d lrk fuka wms Tnf.ka lreKdfjka b,a,d isáuq'

whs;uh jeäysáhka

fofofkl=g

wjYH m%udKh

,l=Kq

lrkak'

ks¾foaY" igyka

yÈis wjia:d nE.h 1 iúYla;su;a c,hg Tfrd;a;= fok

máj,ska ne| .; yels nE.hla úh

hq;=h' /f.k ÿj hdug

yels ;rug l=vd úh hq;=h'

mdkSh c,h wvq

jYfhka ,Sg¾

yhla muK

jeäysáfhl=g Èklg

j;=r ,Sg¾ ;=kla wjYHhhs lshfõ'

kuq;a tys nr ksid ffoksl c,

wjYH;djfhka Nd.hla muKla

fuys igyka lr ;sfí' ta /f.k

hdug myiq jk msKssih'

l,a;nd.; yels $úh<s

wdydr øjH

úÿ,s mkaoï 2

bámkaoï 2

,hsgrh$.sks fmÜá 2 .sksfmÜáj,g jvd ,hsgrh

j;=rg Tfrd;a;= fohs'

negßj,ska jev

lrk .=jkaúÿ,s hka;%h

1

jev lsÍfïÈ Ndú;d fcdavq 2 lmqj,ska ksu l, w;ajeiqï ;dmhg

152

lrk w;ajeiqï jvd;a Tfrd;a;= fok w;r

lefmk" ;shqKq foaj,a we,a,Sfï§

iïj,ska ksu l, w;ajeiqï iqÿiqh'

;=jd 4 ;=jd, yd ì÷Kq wiaÓ fj<Sug;a"

msßisÿ lsÍug;a" ;djld,sl hg

we÷ï jYfhkq;a fjk;a

lreKq .Kkdjl§;a ;=jd

m%fhdackj;ah'

ma,diaála nE. 10 wmøjH neyer lsÍug;a" jákd

øjH" ,shlshú,s" T!IO" wdydr yd

we÷ï j;=frka wdrlaId

lr .ekSug;a m%fhdackj;a fõ'

T!IO lÜg,h 1

úIîc kdYkh l<

f.daia frÈ

2 úIîckdYl Èhrfhka fyda

c,fhka fidaod ^wmsßisÿ j;=frka

wdidok we;s úh yel'& f.daia frÈ

ta u; tÆ l< újD;j we;s ;=jd,

wdidokh ùu je<fla'

msßisÿ frÈ$ ;=jd$ idß 2 ;=jd, ne£ug yd levqKq weg ord

isàug wdOdrl jYfhka

lmq mq¿ka ;=jd, msßisÿ lsÍug

fj¿ïmá frda,a 2

i¾ðl,a iaamsßÜ fnda;,a 1

l=vd ffjµuh wËqjla 1 isref¾ wekSug yels ùÿre

lene,s" ;shqKq uqjy;a lgq" lSß"

m;=re wdÈh .,jd ±ófï§

m%fhdackj;a fõ'

uqyqKq jeiqï$;=jd 2 ÿudrh" ¥ú,a, fyda ^wmøjH wêl

f,i l=Kq ùu" bisÍ úisÍ hdu

ksid jd;fha me;sfrk úIîc&

yqiau .ekSfuka je<lSu

jÜfgdare.; T!IO

lU 1 hful= fírd .ekSul§ fyda hula

we§ug isÿúh yels úúO

wjia:dj,§ wvq jYfhka óg¾ 5 la

j;a È.g ;sîu m%dfhda.slh'

l;=r yd fmdÿfõ Ndú;d

l, yels msyshla

1

ma,diaála frÈ$lekajia

frÈ

m¾pia folla

I|yd

;djld,sl jy,la I|yd fyda ìug

t,d .ekSu i|yd- j¾Idj ;=rka

jqjo frda.S fyda ;=jd, jQ wh fj;a

kï iS;, f;;a fmdf<djl je;sr

isàu ksid Tjqkaf.a ;;ajh ;j;a

krl w;g yeÍug mq¿jk'

wu;r í,ekalÜ

^fmdfrdaKd&

2

frÈj,ska fyda fjk;a

Yla;su;a øjHj,ska ksu

frda,a 1 NdKav .eg.eiSug;a" ;djld,sl

fijKla idÞ .ekSfïÈ;a" ì÷Kq

wiaÓ ord isàug;a Yla;su;a fÜma

153

jQ fÜma j¾. j¾. m%fhdackj;a fõ' fujeks fÜma

j¾.j, u;=msg wl=reo ,sùug

yels jk w;r Tn isák ;ek .ek

mjqf,a whg ±kaùu i|yd

mKsúv ,shd

iqÿiq ;ekaj, ;eîugo fuu fÜma

j¾. iqÿiqh'

udl¾ mEka 1 ;ek fjkia lsßul§ fyda bj;aj

hdul§ Tng l;d lsÍug wjYH

mjqf,a whg yd wks;a whg

mKsjqv ;eîu i|yd

igyka fmd;a yd mEka lÜg, 1 ÿrl;k wxl" bj;a jk ia:dk"

jeks f;dr;=re fukau ;=jd, jQ

mjqf,a idudðlhkaf.a

j;auka ;;ajh" Tjqka

tfia ;=jd, ,enqfõ l=uk

fõ,dfõ§o" flfiao" Tjqkag § we;s

fnfy;a fudkjdo" jeks jeo.;a

f;dr;=re ,shd .ekSug'

frda.Ska .ek ksjerÈ ;SrK .ksñka

Tjqkaf.a Èú .,jd .ekSfï §

ffjoHjrekag fujeks úia;r

fnfyúka jeo.;a fõ'

u<my lsßug yd uq;%d lsÍug yd tu wmøjH m%fõiï iy.;j neyerlsÍug ma,diaála nE.

w;HjYH fõ' ^idudkH ld,hl§ kï fuh fyd| l%uhla fkdjk nj ienEh'& kuq;a

c, .e,Sïj,g" u<my yd uQ;%d tl;= ùu ksid f,v frda. fnda lrk úIîc jd;h yd c,h

yryd me;sÍ hdug bv we;' úfYaIfhka .x j;=r nei hdfuka miq fuu frda. fndajk ;;ajh

W.% ù uy;a m%Yak we;s ùug mq¿jk'

fjk;a m%fhdackj;a whs;u(

úiaÜ,a yd k<d$ Yío Wmojk

WmlrK

fírd.ekSug tk whf.a wjOdkh

fhduq lr .ekSu I|yd

Ôú;drlaIl fuj,ï

w,jx.=j" jdyk cela tlla úm;g ,la jQjka fírd .ekSug

WmldÍ fõ'

mdjyka we| mfilska fifrmamq

hqj,laj;a ;nd ;ssnqkfyd;a fíÍ

hk wjia:djl§ th myiqjg yd

wdrlaIdjg fya;= jkq we;'

cx.u ÿrl;kh" pdcrhla wks;a fl<jfrka m%;spdrhla

ke;o iuyr úg

mKsjqvhla ;eîug yels jkq we;'

ikSmdrlaIl øjH ^fgdhs,Ü

fmam¾" ldka;djkag wjYH

foaj,a" úIîc kdYl

wdrlaIl WmlrK ^fy,auÜ"

w;a jeiqï&

ì<s÷ yd <ore wjYH;d -lsßmsá

-<ore kemalska yd <ore we÷ï

Èkm;d wjYH jk

foaj,a yd

m%fhdackj;a whs;u

we÷ï me<÷ï hkdÈh -hg we÷ï

-j¾Idjg w¢k we÷ï

154

-w;HjYH ,shlshú,s -wkkH;d m;a" ßheÿre n,m;a"

wuq;a;ka ,shdmÈxÑ m;a" YsIH

wkkH;d m;a wdÈh

-rlaIK iy;sl

-nexl= m%ldYk

-mÈxÑh Tmamq lrk iy;sl" bvï

Tmamq hkdÈh

uqo,a

jfhdajDoaO jeäysáhka

úiska ,Õ ;nd .; hq;= foaj,a

- fnfy;a jÜfgdare

-w;ajdre" yerñá

-Tlaiscka we;=¿ fi!LH wjYH;d

øjH jeämqr m%udKhla

-tu øjH iemhqïlrejkaf.a

ÿrl;k wxl yd ,smsk

- ;u ,smskh yd <Õu

{d;shdf.a ,smskh

- Wmldr m;d Yío l, yels

úiaÜ,a yd k<d jeks Yío

Wmojk WmlrK

ma,diaála yd we¿ñkshï fld< mßjdrl" wdydr §is fjkqjg

c,hg Tfrd;a;= §u i|yd

f¾äfhda wekafgkd hkdÈh

msßisÿ mrK we÷ï" m;a;r

lvÞis

fj¿ï má" mßjdrl" bkaOk yd

WKqiqu i|yd yÈis wjia:dj,§

úúO wjYH;djhkag wdfoaYl

jYfhka Ndú;d lsÍu I|yd

f.k hd yels ,smla ^.s%,a& yd

bkaOk

fjk;a m%fhdackj;a

foaj,a

jdyk negß

cmka ¶fndfihsIs· ix.uh úiska ilia lrk ,o uq,a msgm;lska /f.k kùlrKh fldg

fï wu;r ,ehsia;=j iïmdokh lrk ,È'

155

weñKqu î' fÊ´iSù flá pß; igyka

11 ( .xj;=r yd úm;a je<elaùu i|yd jQ msßlaiqï ,ehsia;=j

yÈis wjia:djl§ iQÞkñka isàu i|yd Tng blauka uÕ fmkaùula

j¾Idj yd .xj;=r ksid we;sjk úm;aj,ska Tn;a Tfí mjq,;a wdrlaId lr.kak'`

úm;a wvq lsÍfï wdh;kh (DRI) yd UNCRD DMP Hyogo ld¾hd,h

1' iq<siq<Õla <x fjñka ;sfí' fudaiï jeis mgka f.k ;sfí' Èk .Kkl isg uy

jreid weo yef,kafkah' .fÕa j;=r uÜgu Èkm;d by< kÕS' ±ka l=ula lrkako@

^1& TTfí ksjiska msg; (

iq<Õ fyda Èhmyr ksid wk;=reÞhl f,i Tn foig .id f.k wd yels

hï hï oE ;sfí kï tajd .eg .id ;eìh yels kï tfia lrkak'

yelskï ksjfia cfka, jid oud fyda fydz¢ka wdjrKh lr ;nkak' f.g

we;=¿jk fodrlv bÈßfha je,s msr jQ f.daks ;nd ;shkak' ^tjeks je,s

f.daKs l,ska iQÞkï lr ;nd .ekSu fnfyúka iqÿiqh'&

^2& Tfí ksji we;=<;(

Tnf.a jákd øjH" wdydr yd c,h" j;=r by<g .e,Sug bv we;s

uÜgfuka" iq<Õg fyda j¾Idjg wiq ùug bv we;s ;;ajfhka bj;a

fldg Wi ;ekaj,ska ;nkak'

úÿ,smkaoï" .sksfmÜá" wu;r ,dïmqjla" m%:udOdr" ^fj¿ïmá yd

jÜfgdare.; fnfy;a&" .=jka úÿ,s hka;%hla" ,shlshú,s yd jákd

foaj,a hkd§ yÈis wjia:djl§ wjYH jk foaj,a fmd,s;Ska nE.hl nyd

uqød ;nd myiqfjka .; yels úh<s ia:dkhl ;nkak'

úm;a;s wjia:djl§ m%fhdackj;a úh yels foaj,a fudkjd±hs

±k.ekSug Woõ jk lreKq ±k .ekSu i|yd jHikj,g uqyqK

§ .e<ùu ms<sn| f;dr;=re lÜg,fha m<uqjk fldgfia Ôú;drlaIl

whs;u hgf;a n,kak'

2' tu ia:dkh yer wdrlaIs; ia:dkhlg hdu w;HjYH h'` ta .ek wk;=re weÕùï lsysmhla'

^1& jHik je<elaùfï uQ,sl lreKq

yels;dla blauKska jvd;a Wi Yla;su;a N+ñhla lrd hkak' WÞyrK

jYfhka l÷ mduqf,ka fyda c,fhka wE;a ù bj;g hkak' jdyk j;=rg .id

f.k f.dia tys isr jk ish¿u u.Ska iuÕ j;=f¾ .s,S hd yels neúka mhska

hdu jvd;a iqÿiqh'

.=jka úÿ,sh uÕska fyda m%dfoaYSh n,OdÍkaf.ka f;dr;=re ,nd.; yels±hs n,kak'

^2& iq<Õ fyda c,h fnfyúka wêl wjia:dj,§ wk;=re weÕùï

mhska hdu urKSh jYfhka wk;=reÞhl úh yels fyda" wk;=re j<lajd,Sug

156

neß jk ;rug hful=g N=ñh fkdfmkS hd yels ¶;SrKd;aul c,uÜgu·

jYfhka ie,flkafka mmqreIhka I|yd fikaáóg¾ 70 la o ia;%Ska I|yd

fikaáóg¾ 50 la o jYfhks' kuq;a ´kEu .xj;=r uÜgula <uqkag

wk;=reÞhl úh yel'

iúu;a ia:dkhlg .eg .eish yels kï" yels wjia:dj,§ tu bj;a ù hdu

i|yd lU mdúÉÑ lrkak'

ldKq yd újD; j<j,aj,ska uEkafyda,aiaj,ska mßiaiï jkak' `

tmd(

jdykhlska fyda ;s%frdao r:hlska .uka lrkak tmd'

by<g hd yels úÿ,s wdfrdayl ud¾. mdúÉÑ lrkak tmd'

fmdf<da uÜgfuka my< ud¾.j,g hkak tmd'

c,.e,Sï yd$fyda úÿ,s weKysàï ksid tajdfha isrùug mq¿jk'

3' l=Kdgqfjka$.xj;=frka$iq<fÕka miq'''''

^1& Tn f.k ;snQ wdrlaIs; mshjr ,sys,a fkdlrkak'

j;=r iïmQ¾Kfhka nei fkd.shd úh yel' nEjqï m%foaY fmÕS leã

hdug bv ;sfnkjd úh yel' neñ ;dmam lvd f.k hdug bv we;'

ldKq jid ;snQ wdjrK j;=rg .id f.k f.dia ;sfnkjd úh yel'

úÿ,s" c, yd ÿrl;k in|;d leã ì£ f.dia ;sfnkjd úh yel'

Tnf.a ksjig w,dN ydks isÿ ù ;sfnkjd úh yel' bj;a ù wdrlaId

we;s ;eklg hdu w;HjYH úh yel'

^2& jHikj,ska miq tlsfkldg Woõ lrkak'

ìug yd j;=rg weo jeà ;sìh yels úÿ,sn, /yekaj,ska

mßiaiï jkak'

iqkanqka tyd fuyd lsÍfï§ isrer wdrlaId jk fia È.= l,siï

yd È.= w;aiys; I¾Ü yd w;ajeiqï m<¢kak' ke;skï Tng

fndafjk frda. je<¢h yel' iqkanqka

tydfuydlsÍfïÈ ;=jd,jqjfyd;a we;s úh yels oreKq

wdidokj,ska Tng wikSm ù fõokd ú£ug isÿ úh yel' tfukau

l=Kq jQ wdydr yd l=Kq li< fyda l=Kq jk ^I;aj$ñksia& YÍr

iam¾Y ùu ksid o oreKq wdidok fyda fndafjk frda. Tng

je<¢h yel'

157

4' jHikhla isÿùug fmr Bg uqyqK §ug iQÞkï ù isákak'

^1& j;=rg Tfrd;a;= fok" iúYla;su;a" yÈis wjia:djl§ Ndú;d l< yels nE.hla

iQÞkïj ;nd .kak'(

tjeks nE.hl fyj;a u,a,l m%:udOdr øjH" jÜfgdare fnfy;a" mdkSh

c,h" l,a;nd.; yels wdydr" udre lr .ekSug we÷ï" úÿ,s

mkaoï" ,dïmq" .sksfmÜá" .=jka úÿ,s hka;%hla" w;ajeiqï" yd lU

wdÈh ;sìh hq;=h' thg muK blaujd foaj,a mqrjkak tmd' Tng th

/f.k Èùug yels úh hq;=h',

Tng w;HjYHu fohla jkafka fudkjdo@ ^ WÞyrK' ì<s÷ we÷ï" lsßmsá

wdÈh&

5' úm;g fmr úia;r f;dr;=re fidhd .kak'`

úúO f;dr;=re(

rEmjdysksh yd .=jka úÿ,sh" fjí wvú mokï lr .;a ld,.=K jd¾;d

wdKavqfõ m%dfoaYSh yd Èia;s%la ld¾hd,j,ska yd fmd,sisfhka flfrk wk;=re weÕùï"

bj;a ù hdfï ie,iqï yd uÕ fmkaùï

Tnf.a wi,ajdiS m%foaYh o ,l=Kq fldg ilia lr we;s Tn m%foaYfha wdmÞ is;shu

Tng uqyqK §ug ;sfnk wk;=reÞhl yd wjÞkï iy.; ;;ajhka o l,a we;sj .; hq;=

wdrlaIs; mshjr .eko ±k f.k isákak'`

cmdkfhaÈ kï flfrk ld,.=Kh ms<sn| wk;=re weÕùï

±ä wk;=re ix{d weÕùu ^oreKq $´kEu fufyd;l isÿ úh yels uyd mßudK jHikhla&

oreKq iq<x" ysu m;k" j¾Id" ysu l=Kdgq" c, uÜgu by< hdu" b;d Wia uqyqÿ /<s"

c,.e,Sï" iqkdñ

wk;=re weÕùu ^jHikldÍ ;;aj we;sùug fndfyda fihska ;=vq fok ;;ajhka&

uyjeis weo ye,Su" ysu m;kh" ±ä iq<x" wêl úh<s ld, .=Kh ^.sks ms<sn| wk;=re

weÕùï&" óÿu" úÿ,s flàu" ysu l÷ lvd jeàu fyda hula tlajru úYd, m%udKfhka weo

ye,Su" c, uÜgu by< hdu" c,.e,Sï" b;d Wia c, /<s"

f;dr;=re ^jHik we;s ùug bv we;s nj wÕjk ;;ajhka&

yud tk iq<siq<Õ$jdiq<s iys; iq<siq<Õ" wvq jdhq mSvkh ^l=Kdgqj /iaùu& ±ä fyda u|

j¾Idj yd ysu m;kh" È.= ld,Skj j¾Idj yd ysum;kh" jdhq f.da,fha wd¾ø;djh

fyj;a f;;ukh wvq ùu" ysre t<sh wvqùu hkdÈh

wk;=re weÕúï isÿ flfrkafka ljr uÜgfï§o hkak r|d mj;skafka ta ta m%foaYh

wkqjh' tfukau th tu m%foaYfha N+f.da,Sh iajNdjh yd wdlD;sl ld,.=K ;;ajhka

u; r|d mj;S' WÞyrKhla jYfhka ysfhdaf.da m%dka;fha oreKq j¾Id fyda c, .e,Sï

158

ms<sn| wk;=re weÕùu isÿ flfrkafka tla mehl§ j¾Idj ñ,sóg¾ 50 la fyda

meh ;=kl§ ñ,sñg¾ 100la blaujqjfyd;a muKs'

uy j¾Id yd c, .e,Sï I|yd wk;=re ix{d weÕùfï § Tn m%foaYfha mdúÉÑ flfrk ñïu

l=ulao@

^m%foaYfha m%dfoaYSh m,d;a md,k ld¾hd," ;u mqrjeishkag orekq ld,.=K yd úm;a

ms<sn| wjÞkï iys; ;;ajhka .ek wk;=re weÕùug iu¾:lu yd yelshdj ,nd

f.k isáh hq;=h'

_____________________________________________________________

uf.a úm;a l<ukdlrK igyk( ^Tfí mjqf,a wh iuÕ fï .ek l;dny lrkak`'&

yÈishl§ wdrlaIdj m;d ÿj hd yels jvd;a Wi ;ekl msysá <Õu we;s Yla;su;a N+ñh(

_____________________________________________

wm tlsfkldf.ka fjka jqjfyd;a kej; uqK.eish hq;= ia:dkh kï(

_____________________________________________

úm;a;s wjia:dj,§ uf.a j.lSu jkafka(

_______________________________________________

yÈishl§ weu;sh hq;= wxlh ̂ uf.a" kEoEhl=f.a" Ôú;drlaIl" fmd,sish hkd§ jYfhka(

_______________________________________________

wks;a whf.ka fjka ùug isÿjqjfyd;a uu mKsúvhla ;nk ia:dkh (

159

weñKqu - î' fÊ´iSù flá pß; igyka

fkdnqf;d bf;d

lafIa;%h(m%cd ixj¾Ok" nÿ,a,

mejreKq ld¾hNdrh(

uqvqlal=j, Ôjk mßirh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu

nÿ,af,a >k wmøjH l<ukdlrKh

wvqwdodhï,dNS ckdjdijdiSkaf.a wdÞhï jeäÈhqKq lsÍu

¶ug YS% ,xldfõ ixialD;sh mqreÿhs' uu fuys isák yeu ojilau

bkafka mS%;sfhka'`·

wßi lf;d

¶kdf.dhd úYaj úoHd,fha" cd;Hka;r ixj¾Okh ms<sn| Wmdê

mdif,a tï' ta' Wmdêh wjika lsÍfuka miq uu 2006 wf.daia;=j, isg

r;au,dfka ¨kdj mßir m%j¾Ok yd m%cd ixj¾Ok jHdmD;sfha m%cd

ixj¾Ok ks<Odßfhl= f,i fiajh lrñ'·

uhsfld fldnhdIs

lafIa;%h(m%cd ixj¾Ok

¶uu ¨kdj' iuÕ jev lrñ' m%cd lKavdhï iún,.ekaùug;a"

Ôjk mßirj, jeä ÈhqKqj m%j¾Okh lsÍug;a m%cduQ, uÜgfuka

lrk uq,msÍï yryd m%cd kdhl kdhsldjka fmdÿ fiajd yd ld¾hd,

iuÕ iïnkaO lr,Sug;a uu fiajh lrñ' uf.a m%cdjkays isák

ù¾hjka; yd ls%hdYS,S ldka;djkaf.ka ug Èkm;du

Yla;sn,h ,efnkafkah'·

u;aiqfudf;d ßfhdfy

lafIa;%h(m%cd ixj¾Ok kqjrt<sh

mejreKq ld¾hNdrh(

m%cdjka ixúOdkh

1 m%cduQ, ixúOdk msysgqùu

2 <ud iudc msysgqùu

3 m%cdjka yg mßmd,k cx.u fiajd iemhSu

4 m%cdjka yd rdcH fiajd$fjk;a ixúOdk w;r iïnkaOlï ilia lsÍu

laIqø uQ,Huh rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk y÷kajd §u ;=,ska ldka;d b;sßlsÍï lKavdhï

iún, .ekaùu

mßirh ms<sn| ±kqj;a lsÍfï jev igyka meje;aùu ^>k wmøjH l<ukdlrKh&

oaúmd¾Yaúl ixialD;sluh yqjudre jevigyka meje;aùu ^ksoiqka(cmka NdId mka;s)

m%cd fldka;%d;a I|yd lghq;= ilia lr,Su ^ksoiqka jeisls<s myiqlï$ldKq bÈlsÍu&

160

kÜiqflda fils.=Ñ

lafIa;%h( m%cd ixj¾Ok" fudrgqj

wE YS% ,xldfõ .; l, iïmQ¾K ld,h jQ f;jirg <ud Èjd jev

igykla jk ¶mqxÑ iúho· we;=<;a úh' iqkdñfhka n,mEug ,la jQ

ckm%cdjkag iyfhda.h §u" úúO rdcH yd rdcH fkdjk yjq,alrejka

iuÕ ixjdoh m%j¾Okh lsÍu yd fï jev uq¿j ixl,amlrKh yd

le|ùu o wehf.ka isÿ jQ fiajdjkah' weh iïnkaOj isáfha fudrgqj uy

k.r iNd ld¾hd,hgh'

ikt ;lyIs

lafIa;%h(m%cd ixj¾Ok YS% chj¾Ok mqr

qw.kqjr k.r ld¾hd,fha .%du ixj¾Ok jHdmD;sj, fiajh lsÍu

ikt ;lyIs

lafIa;%h(m%cd ixj¾Ok

m%cduQ, mqkre;a:dmk jev igyk yryd wdndO iys; mqoa.,hka yg

iudc iyNd.s;ajh i|yd wjia:d m%j¾Okh lr,Su uf.a

ls%hdldrlïj, wruqKhs' ud th lsÍug W;aidy .kafka

úfYaIfhkau È<s÷lu wvqlsÍu ;=,sks' wkqrdOmqr Èia;%sla f,alï

ld¾hd,fha È<s÷lu wvqlr,Sfï wxYhg uu iïnkaO ù isáñ' jr,;a

PdhdrEm Yd,djl WmfoaYl udKav,slfhl= f,i jev lsÍfuka ,o

w;S; w;a±lSï uf.a jevj,g msgqjy,la fõ'

if;dfld Üiq;aiqñ

cmka cd;Hka;r iyfhda.s;d iafõÉPd fiajh ^fcHIaG&

ksjdi yd bÈlsÍï wud;HdxYhg iïnkaOh'

kd.ßl È<s÷ ckhd yg m%cd ixj¾Okh lsÍfï§ cmka cd;Hka;r

iyfhda.s;d iafõÉPd fiajfha jev igyka ks,Odß

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