FORESTRY IN CANADAIs a big Renewable Natural resource business.

It has important products, jobs and environmental concerns

Introductory facts Canada is number 3.

#2

#1#3

TYPES OF FOREST

63% Coniferous22% Deciduous, 15% Mixed

Deciduous forest

SUSTAINED YIELD

The Government “PLAN” is…….

Sustained Yield Forest Management

…… removing trees in such a way so that the forest is

able to fully renew itself.

FORESTRY IN CANADAHas protesters that speak for the TREES

FORESTRY IN CANADACan often be a battle between

COMPANY and Environment Advocates

ARE WE LOSING OUR FORESTS?1) The Provincial Government tells companies what they must do to be Sustainable.2) The PLAN is to keep environment healthy and make sure the forest grows back. 3) Companies are often much better than the ONCELERS in the LORAX story.

WHO OWNS THE FORESTS?Forests are owned by Provincial governments.

The Ministry of Natural resources is in-charge.

Private companies apply for forestry contracts to the Ministry.

THE MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES must ensure SUSTAINABILITY, PROFIT and a HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT

Is Ontario doing a good job looking after forests?

CHARLIE FARQUESON (comedian) asks the questionyoutube link to Ministry of Natural resources video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v4_Xt467x30

WHOSE LOOKIN AFTER MY FOREST AND HOWSE IT GOIN’

5 forest regions 1) BOREAL - is the largest REGION Produces mostly Pulp and Paper from

Coniferous trees (sometimes called softwood)

Taiga Forest North of Boreal Forest Poorest quality soft wood and lowest

productivity

West Coast Forest Biggest Trees, Highest Productivity and highest

volume of wood per hectare. Has soil erosion problems and unique species issues. Many coniferous trees (normally called softwood) are

harder and can be used for EXPENSIVE furniture.

Montane Forest B.C. Interior Mountains. 2nd most

productive Big Producer of Softwood Lumber (#1

export) Dealing with major problem: Pine Bark

Beetle

Mixed Forest Region Located in Southern Ontario and the

Maritimes Major product of Hardwood for furniture,

Maple Sugar and hardwood flooring

…1 out of 16 jobs in Canada is related to forestry

350,000 are directly employed (around 6% of the workforce) … another 500,000 people work in businesses using or supplying to direct employees

…Its worth a lot of money

Revenue from Forest Products = 70 BILLION DOLLARS Value of Exports = 40 BILLION DOLLARS

 

Economics

Canada by the Numbers TOTAL Forest Area

of Canada = 1 Billion hectares (1,000 million)

Commerical Forest = 310 million  hectares Forest Fires Area = 3 million

hectares /year Harvest Area = 2 million 

hectares /yearin any one year

Area Planted = 0.5 million hectaresin any one year

HOW MUCH FOREST?What proportion do we

cut?

CUTTING METHODS3 different methods to remove and re-grow the forest

FORESTRY IN CANADALogging Methods

Clear Cutting Removes all of the trees Good for flat areas that naturally have

fires Remove Trees, Burn slash, spread the

ash, plant seedlings that can grow a new forest

Re-plant seedlings from selected stock that grow fast and large.

Shelterwood cutting Cut medium sized trees only Leave CANOPY (Shelter) intact to supply

natural seed and provide shelter from elements

Selective cutting Cut Old, Mature, diseased or desirable trees Seed can come from mid size trees that are

left

One unusual method is called Heli-Logging

Link http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uhb7XHUypJo

TWO CATEGORIES OF PRODUCTS1)Lumber and 2)Pulp and Paper

Pulp and Paper Quebec and Ontario are the top 2

provinces. Paper, cardboard, newsprint and raw wood pulp are the main products.

Canada is largest exporter of Pulp and Paper in the world. Softwood trees are processed.

Pulp mills are large!

Link http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=snqrhKjIx0Q

Lumber Includes wood for furniture, floors and

building. This is can be softwood or hardwood. British Columbia is the largest Lumber

province.

Lumber

Link http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xemTjd-8QI8

Threats to the forest1) Acid Rain comes from industry and makes soil acidic. Trees grow poorly or die.This is a big problem in Ontario and Quebec

Threats to the forest2) Pests include, Spruce Budworm, Pine

Bark Beetle, Tent Caterpillar, and Gypsy Moth. Much money and effort is spent to stop tree losses. Some foresters argue that they remove less trees than what they have saved from pests.

Threats to the forest3) Fire destroys close to 3 million hectares per year. 50% of these are caused by people.

Rick Mercer explores forest fire fighting

Link http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z1d7lgzA3fM

According to Canada’s living LORAX (Dr. Suzuki) ….One other threat to the forest is “Genetically

Engineered Trees”