Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

इंटरनेट मानक

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru

“Step Out From the Old to the New”

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam

“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS 7422-1 (1974): Symbols and abbreviations for use ingeological maps, sections and subsurface exploratory logs,Part 1: Abbreviations [WRD 5: Gelogical Investigation andSubsurface Exploration]

Isr7422(PutI)-1974

Indian Standard SYMBOLS AND AIiBREVIATIONS FOR

USE IN GEOLOGICAL ‘MAPS, SECTIONS AND SUBSURFACE EXBLORATORY LOGS

PART I ABBREVIATIONS

Subsurface Exploration Sectional Committee, BDC 49

Chairman R@rwlting

SHRI V. S. KRWHNA~WAMY Geological Survey of Indiq, Lucknow

Members CHIEFENGINEER National Projects Corrstructiort Corporation Ltd,

New Delhi SHRI S. K. AGGARWAL (Alternate )

CHIEP ENGINEER ( IRRIGA~ON ) Irrigation & Power- Department, Government of Rajasthan, Jaiput

SHRI K. N. DADINA In personal capacity Calcutta )

( P-820, &k P, .hGw Ali&w,

SHRI K. R. DATYE In personal capacity ( _No. 2 R&m Mansion, First Floor,

SHRI V. R. DEUSKAR Colaba Causeway, Bombay 400001)

Irrigation & Power Department, Govenunent of

SHRI S. hl. BHALERAO (Alternate) Maharashtra, Koyua

Dm~cron ( CSMRS ) Central Water & Power Commission, New Delhi SUPERINTENDING E NOXNII ER,

CHENAB I~~E~TZGATION ( Altcmotc ) SHRI H. DOSHI

SHRI V. L. GORIANI (Alternate) Christensen-Longyear ( India ) Ltd, Bombay

SK-IRIS. N. K. IYENCAR Cementation Co Ltd, Bombay SHRI J. F. MISTRY Public Worlu Department, Government of Gujarat,

Ahmedabad Sum H. C. PARMAR ( Alternate )

SHRI K. S. S. MURTHY SHRI A. hf. NE~URKAR

Ministry of Irrigation % Power, New Delhi ‘Rodio Foundation Engineering Ltd; and Hazarat

SHRI A. N. JANGLE ( Alttrnats ) & Co, Bombay

SHRI B. K. PANTHAKY Hindwtan Construction Co Ltd, Bombay SHRI M. S. DIWAN ( Alternate )

SHRI N. K. PILLAI Voltar Limited, Bombay SHRI A. N. INDURKAR ( Alternate )

( Continwd on pagt 2 )

@ Copyright 1975 INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION

This publication is protected under the Indian CopVright Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.

IS:7422(PartI)-1974

( Chhwdfrom pap 1 )

Members

Swlu c. GOP.ALASWAMY RAO

RJ~PRLsENTATIVE RCPRESENTATIVH SHRI R. K. SABHARWAL SHRI S. S. SAHI

SHRI M. M. ANAND ( Altern& ) SHRI S. SATAPAIHI

SECRETARY DEPIJTY SECRETARY ( Altcrnnlt )

SWRI D. P. SENGUPTA Central Building Research Institute ( CSIR 1. Roorkcc

SHRI DXVENDRA SHARNA (Allmale I SHRI H. D. SHARMA SHRX P. s. Yoc

Irrigation Research Institute, Roorkee Irrig;~~;n~;partmcnt, Government of Uttar Pradah,

SHRI D. AJITHA SIWHA, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-oficio Member ) Director ( Civ Engg )

Stcrttary

SHRX G. RAXAN

Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), IS1

Rcprsctnting

Public Works & Electrical Department, Govcmnicnt of Karnataka, Bangalore

Engineering Research Laboratories, Hydcrabad Government of Himachal Pradesh Larsen & Toubro Ltd, Bombay Public Works Department, Government of Punjab,

Chandigarh

Irrigation & Power Department, Government of Orissa, Bhubanawar

Central Board of Irrigation & Power, New Delhi

Abbreviations, Symbols and Notations for Use in Geological Maps Panel, BDC 49 : P5

Concencr

SHRI V. S. KRISHNASWAMY Geological Survey of India, Lucknow

Members

SHRI M. S. JAIN’ Geological Survey of India, Lucknow Sttttt B. N. HUKKU ( Alkrnaft I )

SHRI S. K. SHOME ( Alkrnak II )

2

fsr7422(PartI)-1974

Indian Standard SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS FOR

USE IN GEOLOGICAL MAPS, SECTIONS AND SUBSURFACE EXPLORATORY LOGS

PART I ABBREVIATIONS

0. FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard ( Part I ) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 2 April 1974, after the draft finalized by the Subsurface Exploration Sectional Committee Engineering Division Council.

had been approved by the Civil

0.2 In all spheres of engineering construction, data on the nature of the geological formations constituting the foundattons are indispensable. Often, these data are given on maps or in geological sections using symbols and abbreviations. Geological maps and ,sections are also required for other activities, such as mining -and mineral prospecting. Such maps and sections are, therefore, being prepared by various agehcies iu the country. In the absence of any standard for the guidance of the engineering geolo- gist or engineer, different symbols and abbreviations are being used for different agencies, the result being entirely different representations of the same geological data. The data collected and presented by one agency for a particular purpose are often useful to other agencies investigating for a different job. It, therefore, becomes essential for all agencies to follow the same practice. This standard fulfils this need.

0.2.1 This standard ( Part I ) deals with abbreviations while other parts are as follows:

Part IT Igneous rocks Part III Sedimentary rocks Part IV Metamorphic rocks

Part V Line symbols for formation contacts and structural features

0.3 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been given to international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevailing in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the field in this country. The abbreviations are based on the principles laid down by the International Organization for Standardization.

3

lS:74!22(PartI)-1974

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard ( Part I ) gives abbreviations to be used for describing stratigraphic divisions, geological features and minerals for use in geologi- cal maps, sections and logs of bore holes, test pits, exploratory drifts and shafts for river valley projects.

2. ABBREVIATIONS

2.1. Abbreviations to be used for describing stratigraphic divisions on geological maps and sections are given in Table 1.

TABLE 1 ABBREVIATIONS FOR DESCRIBING STRATIGRAPHIC DMSIONS . .

AOd ABBREVIATION

Quaternary Tertiary

Neogene Palaeogene

Mesozoic undifferentiated

Cretaceous

Jurdsic

Trias$c

Palaeozoic undi&rentiated

Permian carboniferous

Devonian

Silurian

Ordovician

Cambrian

Prc Cambrian

Q TT

N

Pzc MZ

K

J T

PZ

PC

D

s

0

G

A

2.2 mere necessary, the abbreviations given in Table 2 should be used for describing geological features in drill hole logs and geological sections.

2.3 Abbreviations for Minerals - Abbreviations for minerals given in Table 3 may be used for better characterization of rocks on geological maps and logs.

2.3.1 The mineral abbreviations should be in small letters, with the a- ception of chemical elements of which the first letter is a caprtal. In those cases where letters arealso used for designation of other rock characteristics, the abbreviations for minerals should be marked in a special way ( for example, by choosing a different type of writing or by framing the abbre- viations ). The marking should be precised in a key. If the occurrence

1 4

IS:7422(PartI)-19b4

of several minerals in the same rock is to be indicated by letters, the abb ‘e- viations shouid be listed in the range of importance of the minerals. most frequent mineral should be placed on top. i

e

2.3.2 Graphic Symbols for Important Minerals

2.3.2.1 The representation of minerals may be necessary for better characterization of certain rocks. In principle there are two possibilities to represent these minerals in the symbols for rocks as given below:

a) By adding an additional symbol characterizing the mineral to the elementary symbol of the rock in question ( given in Table 4 ).

b) By inscription of letters in the symbol of the rock ( given in Table 3 ).

2.3.2.2 It is impossible to fix symbols for all exist&t minerals because of their great number. Symbols for some of the common rock-forming minerals are given in Table 4.

TABLE 2 ABBREVIATIONS FOR DESGIUBING GEOLOGIGAL FJZATURE IN LOGS AND SECTIONS

( c1nwc 2.2 )

SL FEATURE ABBREVIATION 1 SL FEATURE ABBRWKllON

No.

1) altered

2) alternating

3) angular

4) auger hole

5) bedded

6) bedding plane

7) bedrock

8) bore hole

9) bottom

10) boulders

11) brecciated

12) calcareous ( limey )

13) calyx hole

14) carbonaceous

15) cavity

16) chert

17) chum drill hole

18) clay

altd

alt

ang AH

bdd

bdg. PI BR

BH

bot

bldrs

brec

talc

CXH

carb

CaV

ch

CDH

cl

I 0. Y

19) 20) 21) 22) 23)

24)

25)

26)

27)

28)

29) 30)

31)

32)

33)

342

35)

36)

clay-filled

coarse

coarse-grained

compact

conglomerate

consolidated

contact

core hole

cross bedding

crystalline

dark

drill hole

drive sample hole

fine

fine grained

Sshtailed hole

fissile

formation

cl.fd

C

c.gr

compt

cgl consol

cant

CH

cbdg

x-lline

dk

DH

DSH

f

f.gr

FH

tis

fm

(Csatnutc~)

5

ISr7422(PartI)-1974

TABLE 2 ABBREVIATIONS FOR W~SCRIBING GEOLOGICAL FEATURE IN LOGS AND SECTIONS - C&d

2. FEATURB

37) fracture

38) fragment

39) friable

40) granular

41) gravel

42) ground water

43) ground water table

44) hard

45) heavily

46) horizontal

47) igneous

48) impervious

49) indurated

50) interbedded

51) joint

52) laminated

53) light

54) limestone

55) massive

56) medium

57) medium-grained

58) metamorphic

59) micaceous

60) mineralized

61) mixture

62) moderately

63) mottled

64) non-siaking

65) occasional

66) outcrop

67) overburden

68) pervious

69) plastic

70) porous

71) quartz

ABBREvlAlION

frac

frag

fri

gran grav

GW

GWT

hd

hly horia

ig impv

ind

interb

jt iam

It

1st

masv

M or med

M.gr

mete

mic

mrld

mixt

mod

motld

non-Slkg

OCC

otc

ob

Perv

P1a.s

par

qta

SL FEATURE NO.

72) quart&e

73) reddish

74) rounded

75) sand

76) sand stone

77) sandy

78) sedimentary

79) shaft

80) shale

81) shaly

82) sheared

83) siliceouS

84) Silt

85) silt stone

86) aihy

87) sink-hole

88) slaking

89) slate

90) solution channel

91) specimen

92) speckled

93) sticky

94) sub-angular

95) sub-rounded

96) test pit

97) trench

98) tunnel

99) unconformity

,OO) unconsolidated

101) vertical

102) very coarse

103) very fine

104) wash boring

105) water table

ABBREVIATION

q=t red

rdd

sd

SSt

SdY sed

S

sh

shY shd

silic

st

slst

sty SH

slkg

Sl

sol. than

Spec speed

stky

subang

rubrdd

TP

T

TIJII

unconf

UllcorU

vert

v.c

v.f

WB

WT

6

IS : 7422 ( Part I ) - 1974

TABLE 3 ABBREVIATIONS FOR MINERALS [ Clauses 2.3 and 2.3.2.1 (b) ]

It:.

MINILRAL

1) Actinolite

2) Aegirine

3) Albite

4) Almandine

5) Alunitc

6) Amphibole

7) Andahtsitc

8) Anhydrite

9) Anorthite

10) Anthophyllite

11) Apatite

12) Arsenopyrite

13) Asbestos

14) Augite

15) Axinite

16) Barite

17) Bcryl

18) Biotite

19) Bismuthinitc

20) Calcite

21) Cancrinite

22) Camallite

23) Cassiterite

24) Cerussite

25) Chalcedony

26) Chalcophyrite

27) Chlorite

28) Chromite

29) Cinnabar

30) Cobaltite

31) Columbite

32) Cordieritc

33) Corundum

34) Datolite

35) Desmme

SYMBOL

ak 36) Mallage

ae 37) Diamond

ab 38) Dickite

al 39) Diopside

at 40) Dolomite

am 41) Epidote

ad 42) Feldspar

ah 43) Fircclay

an 44) Fluorite

ay 45) GSlena

ap 46) Garnet

ar 47) Gilbertite

as 48) Glauconite

au 49) Gold ( Native )

ax 50) Graphite

ba 51) Gypsum

be 52) Haematite

bi 53) Ha!ite, Rock salt

bs 54) Hornblende

cc 5.5) Hyperstene

ca 56) Illite

km 57) Ilmenite

kt 58) Jarosi te

ce 59) Kaolinite

cn 60) Kyanite

cP 61) Lcpidolite

ch 62) Leptochlorite

cr 63) Leucitc

hg 64) Limonite

cb 65) Magnetite

cl 66) Marcasite

co 67) Mica

ko 68) Microline

da 69) Molybdenite

dn 70) Monazite

h%.

MlNEQAL SYMBOL

dl

dm

dt

di

do

eP f

i-C

fl

g=

gr

mg

gk

Au

gf

g hm

na

h

hy it

il

jr kl

cY le

It

IC

Im

mt

ma’

mi

mk

mo

ma

( Gmtintud )

7

15 I 7422 ( Part I ) - 1974

TABLE 3 ABBREVIATIONS FOR MINERALS - Confd

SL No.

71)

72)

73)

74) 75)

76)

77)

78)

79)

86) 81)

82)

83)

84)

85)

86)

87)

88)

89)

96)

91)

92)

93)

94)

95)

MINERAL

Montmorillonite

Muscovite

Nacrite

Nepheline

Nontronite

Olivine

Orthite

Orthoclase

Ozokerite

Perovskite

Phlogopite

Plagioclase

Platinum ( Native )

Pyrite

Pyrochlore

Pyroxine

grope

Purdkene

Pyrrhotite

Quartz

Rhodochrosite

Rutile

Scapolite

Scheclite

SYMBOL

mm

mu

nk

ne

nt

ov

ot

or

ot

PW

Pl

Pg Pt

P

PC

P=

PO

PY

pn

4 ro

ru

sk

sh

so

SL No.

MINERAL

96) Sericite

97) Serpentine

98) Siderite

99) Sillimanite

100) Silver ( Native )

101) Spessartite

102) Sphalerite

103) Spine1

104) Spodumene

105) Staurolite

106) Stibnite

107) Sulphur

108) Sylvine

169) Talc

110) Titanite, Sphene

Ill) Titanomagnetite

112) Topaz

113) Tourmaline

114) Tremolite

115) Vanadinite

116) Vesuvianite

117) Wolframite

118) Wollastonite

119) Zeobte

120) Zinnawalditc

121) Zircon

SYMBOL

SC

se

si

sl

Ag Sll

zn

sP sd

St

sb

s k

tk

ti

tm

to

tu

tr

va

VI

w

WO

ze

aw

ar

8

IS:74!E?(PartI)-1974

TABLE 4 SYMBOLS FOR SOME COMMON ROCK-FORMING MINER&S [ Clausa 2.3.2.1 (a) ad 2.3.2.2 ]

MINERAL SYMBOL

Albite /I

Amphibole

Andalusite

Biotite

Calcite

chlorite

cordieritc

Epidote

a ---

--

__

--

Kyanitc

Magnetite

+

Muscovite I ---

OliViIlC

Phosphorite H