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है”ह”ह

IS 4332-8 (1969): Methods of test for stabilized soils,Part 8: Determination of lime content of lime stabilizedsoils [CED 43: Soil and Foundation Engineering]

IS : 4332 (Part VIII) - 1969( Reaffirmed 2010)

Edition 1.1

(1983-08)

Indian Standard

METHODS OFTEST FOR STABILIZED SOILSPART VIII DETERMINATION OF LIME CONTENT

OF LIME STABILIZED SOILS

(Incorporating Amendment No. 1)

UDC 624.131.371: 624.138

(0 BIS 2004

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

Price Group 3

IS : 4332 (Part VIII) . 1969

Indian Standard

METHODS OF TEST FOR STABILIZED SOILSPART VIII DETERMINATION OF LIME CONTENT

OF LIME STABILIZED SOILS

Soil Engineering Sectional Committee, BOC 23Chatrnun

PHOI S R MrllHA

Membets~IIlU B B L BIIA INAGAR

SIIHI K C CIIANIJIOK

ReptesentJllgIn personal capacity i Manek, Old Adhlkelrl lodge.

Renikhet Utter PIddl'sh)

Land Reclarnanon Irrigation & Power Researchlnstltute, Amntsar

All India Invtrument Manufacturers & DealersAssooauon, Bombay

~IIRI Vrn PHAKA')II (Altl'fIIdte)'SlIlll K N DADINA In personal capacity ( P 820 New Altpoce, Calcutte 53)SIiRI A G DA'> rJDAR Cementation Cu Ltd BombaySlllll J DA 1'1 ConcreteAssodatlonof Indla Bombay

SIiRI T M MLNON (AJtl.'mate)SIIIU R L DLWAN Bihar Institute of Hydraulic and Allied Research,

Khagaul, PatnaPHO~ DINI '>11 MOIlAN Central Building Research lnstttuto (C~IR) Rourkee

SItRI D R NAHAItARI ( A1tl'fTwre)DIRb( lOR, CI NIRAI SOli Central Wdtpr & Puwer Commtsvlon, New Delhl

MH IlANIC'> RI ~bARLHSrArIONDIRll [OR (DAM'> II) ( Altefllelte)

Pllm R N OO(,RA Indian Institute of Technology, New DelhltXb( U IIVb ENI,INI LR(SOli Concrete and Suil Research Laboratory. Public Wurk~

MH IlANll'> AND RFSbARUI Department Government of MadrasDIVI'>ION)

"HRI B N (,UPrA Irrigation Research Insututc RoorkeeSllIll S N CUP IA Central Board of Irrlganon & Power NowDelhiDR JAl,lJl~1t NARAIN Uruvervlty of Roorkee, RoorkcoSIlIU P C JAIN National Building Orgaruzatton, New Delhi

SIIRI B S HilA I II ( Alternate)JOINr DIRIllOR, RbSFARC II Railway Board (Ministry of Rallwaysl

(FE), ROSa01 PUIY D1RI LlOR, RFSrAlKII

(SOli MI U IANICS), noso(Alternate)SHRI S S JOSlfI Engineer In Chief's Brcinch, AI my Headquarters

SIIRl S VAHAUARA fA ( Alternate)SHill a P MAIllOfRA Public Work~ Department. Government of Punjab

( Continued on page 2 )

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN. 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARC

NEW DELHI 110002

IS. 4332 (Part VIII) - 1969

( Contuiued from paw I )

Member»

RrpRF"FN IAIIV!

RLSFARCH Orr IUR

~IlRI C B PAil L'lIlRI PRIIAM SINGII

Rrplr5f'ntlng

M N Dastur & Co (Prlvatr) Ltd CalcuttaIndian Natumal Sorlcty of SOIl Mrxhann.s II.< Founda

lion Englneerlng New DelhiPublic Works (Spoual Roads) Dlrectorate Govern

montof We~t BengalBuilding and Roads Research Laboratory Public

WOI ks Department Covernmont of PunjabRI SI ARCIl 01 I rc FR Fnglnl'Pllng Re..earth Department HydorabadSWII S N SINHA Road.. Wing (Mlnhlry 01 Transport & Shrpprng)

'iIIlH A ':. BI..,IINOI ( Alternate)SIIRI l G SWAMINAtHAN lnstltuuon of Engineer' (India) CalcuttaDR H l UPPAl Central ROdd Research Institute (CSIR) New DeihlSHRI H G VrliMA Pubhc Work« Department Government of Uttar

Pldde~h

'lIlRI D C CtIA IURVIIlI ( AItr'fIldtl')'iIIRI R Ni\C ARA JAN Oilector Cenet al lSI ( Fx otltcto Metllhrr)

Director (CIV Engg)

SCUCtdlY

SHIH C RAMANDe puty Director (C IV Engg) lSI

SOlI Testing Procedures and Equipment Subcommittee. BDC 23 3

Conv/flrr

DR H I UPPAl Central Road Research In..tltute (CSIR) New Delhi

Central BUIlding Research Institute (CSIR) Roorkce

Associated Instrument Manufacun ers (India) Prlvarelimited New Deihl

DR S VI,>WANAIHi\N (Altl'rnatr')

'lIlRI 0 P MAL t10TRADH I S UPPAl (Alt('rnate)

~IIRI D R NARi\HARISHI~I G S JAIN ( Alternate)

SHRIH C VLHMA

DIRELIOR (CI NlIlAI SonMLCIlANICS RF"~AReH

SrArION)DlRrc TOR (DAMS II) ( Alternate)

SHRI H K LUIIA Grologht~ Syndkate Private Ltd CalcuttaSHRI N N HilA ITAC'HAliYYA ( Altetnau:)

SHRI MAIIAI3Il{ PRASA[) Public Works Department Covernmcnt of UttarPradesh

Buildmgs and Road Research l ahoratory Chandlgarh

Ml'lllbr'IS

PROF AI AM 'lINe,1I Uruversuyof Jodhpur Jodhpur'iIlRI T N BIlAR(,AVA Road.. Wing (Mlmstry of Iran..port & Shtpping)

SIIRI A S BI<,HNOI ( Altl'lIIate)SIIRI R L DrWAN Brhar Institute of Hydraulic and Allied Research

Khagaul PatnaCentral Water & Power Comrnlvslon New Dtlhl

2

IS: 4332 (Part VIII) - 1969

Indian Standard

METHODS OF TEST FOR STABILIZED SOILSPART VIII DETERMINATION OF LIME CONTENT

OF LIME STABILIZED SOILS

O. FOR E WO R D

0.1 This Indian Standard (Part VIII) was adopted by the IndianStandards Institution on 10 June 1969, after the draft finalized by theSoil Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved by the CivilEngineering Division Council. :

0.2 Soil stabilization, in the broadest sense, is the alteration of anyinherent property of a soil to improve engineering performance. Theclassification of the methods of stabilization is based on the treatmentgiven to the soil (for example, dewatering. compaction. etc). processinvolved (for example. thermal, electrical. etc), and on additivesemployed (for example, asphalt, cement, lime, etc). The choice of aparticular method depends on the characteristics of the problem onhand. For studying the effectiveness of a stabilization technique underinvestigation, both in the laboratory and the field certain standardmethods of test are required and these are being published in parts.This part \IS: 4332 (Part VIIl)-1969] lays down the method for thedetermination of lime content of lime stabilized soils.

0.3 In the formulation of this standard due weightage has been givento international co-ordination among the standards and practicesprevailing in different countries in addition to relating it to thepractices in the field in this country. This has been met by basing thestandard on BS 1924 : 1967 'Methods of test for stabilized soils' issuedby the British Standards Institution.0.4 This edition 1.1 incorporates Amendment No. I (August 1983). Sidebar indicates modification of the text as the result of incorporation of theamendment.

0.4 In reporting the results of a test or analysis made in accordancewith this standard, if the final value. observed or calculated, is to berounded off. it shall be done in accordance with IS : 2-1960*.

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard (Part VIII) covers the determination of the proportionby weight of the lime present in a lime stabilized soil. It is done bycomparing the combined calcium and magnesium contents of the

"Rules for rounding offnumerical valucs ( revtsed).

3

IS : 4332 (Part VIII) - 1969

stabilized soil with those of the natural soil and lime and It is essentialthat samples of these should all be available. The method is notapplicable to soils containing a large or variable amount of calcium ormagnesium salts or to soils whirh also contain cement, and In such casesit may not be possible to determine the lime content by chemical means.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1 For the purposes of this standard the following definitions shallapply.

GradingFine grained soil or ~011 lime

mixture'

Medium grained soil or soil-limemixture

Coarse grained soil or soil-limemixture

3. APPARATUS

Definition90 percent of the soil or soil lime

mixture should pass a 2 mmIS Sieve

90 percent of the soil or soil limemixture should pass a 20 mmIS Sieve

90 percent of the soil or soil limemixture should pass a 40 mmIS Sieve

Width ofOpetung

60101

6 0101 and 2.5 em

6 0101 and 5 em

3.1 Thermostatically-Controlled Drying Oven -- capable ofmaintainmg a temperature of 105 110·C.

3.2 Balance - 1eadable and accurate to 1 g

3.3 Balance - readable and accurate to 0.001 g.3.4 Desiccator - containing anhydrous silica gel.

3.5 Sieves - 40 mrn, 20-mm. 12.5-mm. 6.3-mm. 2-mm IS Sieves and425-micron IS Sieve conforming to the requirements of IS : 460 (Part I) I1978*.

3.6 Volumetric Flasks - four of 500 ml capacity

3.7 Graduated Measuring Cylinders - one 10 mi. one 25-011. one100-011 and one 1 OOO-mi.

3.8 Sample Dividers - of the multiple slot type (rime box) havingthe following widths of openings:

SOIl Typea) For fine-grained soils

b) For medium grained soils

c) For coarse-grained soils

"Spociflcauon for rest sieves Part I Wlrr cloth test sieves ( second rI'Vi~lOn)

4

IS : 4332 (Part VIII) - 1969

3.9 Pulverizer - preferably mechanical.

3.10 Glass Weighing Bottles - three. approximately 5 ern high and2.5 em in diameter, fitted with ground glass stoppers.

3.11 Plastics Wash Bottle - containing distilled water

3.12 Glass Funnels - three, approximately 7.5 em diameter.

3.13 Burettes - one. 50 ml; and two. 25 ml.

3.14 Pipettes - three. 25 rnl: and two, 50 m!.

3.15 Conical Flasks - three. of 250 ml capacity.

3.16 Volumetric Flasks - six, of 250 ml capacity.

3.11 Electric Bench Lamp

3.18 Round or Flat-Bottomed Flasks - two, fitted with refluxcondensers, as follows:

a) For medium-grained soils 500 ml capacity.

b) For coarse-grained soils 1 000 ml capacity.

3.19 Electric Hotplate or Bunsen Burner

4. REAGENTSNOll - Ihe I eagents shall be of analytical quality.

4.1 EDTA - Dissolve 4 g of disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate (also known as EDTA, versene, sequestric acid andcomplexone) in one litre of distilled water. The exact strength of thisreagent need not be known since the calculations are on a relative basis

4.2 Buffer Solution - Dissolve 33.7 g of ammonium chloride in285 ml of ammonia solution (sp gr 0.880) and dilute to 500 ml.

4.3 Dilute Ammonia Solution (l :4) - Dilute 100 ml of ammoniasolution (sp gr 0.880) to 500 rnl with distilled water.

4.4 Hydrochloric Acid, 50 Percent Solution - Add 250 rnl ofconcentrated hydrochloric acid to 250 ml of distilled water. (Largervolumes will be required in the case of medium and coarse grainedsoils and soil-lime samples.)

4.5 Indicator - Dissolve 0.1 g of metalphthalein (o-cresolphthaletndimethylimino diacetic acid), 0.005 g of methyl red and 0.05 g ofnaphthol green in a few drops of the ammonia solution and dilute to100 ml with distilled water. This solution should be freshly preparedat least once a week (eriochrome blue black or eriochrome black Tprepared by dissolving 0.5 g in 100 ml of methanol may also be usedbut the end-point is less distinct).

5

IS: 4332 (Part VIII) . 1969

4.6 Ammonium Chloride, 20 Percent Solution - Dissolve 100 g ofammonium chloride in water and dilute to 500 ml: (larger volumes willbe required in the case of medium and coarse-grained soil and soil-limesamples).

4.7 Red Litmus Papers

5. PREPARATION OF SAMPLE OF THE SOIL-LIME MIXTUREAND NATURAL SOIL

5.1 The bulk sample may, if desired, be roughly broken up and, inorder to facilitate further breaking, shall be dried either in air or in theoven at 10S-110'C and cooled. It shall then be broken down bycrushing or other similar means until the whole sample passes theappropriate sieve. The fine-grained materials shall pass a 2-mm ISSieve, the medium grained materials shall pass a 6.3-mm IS Sieve andthe coarse-grained materials shall pass a 12.5-mm IS Sieve.Throughout these and all subsequent operations it is essential thatthere is no loss of fines of any material.

5.2 The material treated as in 5.1 shall then be divided by successiveriffling on the appropriate sample divider to produce a representativesample of the weight indicated below:

Soil Type WeightofSoil Sampleto be taken

a) Fine-grained soils 250-300

b) Medium-grained soils 2 500-3 000

c) Coarse-grained soils 6 000-6 500

5.2.1 Throughout this and any subsequent operations, the materialavailable for any division shall be thoroughly mixed and allprecautions taken to avoid segregation during riffling.

5.3 The representative sample obtained as in 5.2 shall then be ovendriedat 105-IIO·C for not less than 16 hours, and cooled. preferably in adesiccator. The ovendried material shall be pulverized. using amechanical pulverizer or any other suitable means, so that the whole ofthe sample passes 425-micron IS Sieve. The ovendried pulverizedmaterial shall then be sub-divided by riffling on a sample divider havinga width of opening of 6 mm until a sample weighing approximately 5 gfor fine-grained soils, 25 g for medium-grained soils and 50 g forcoarse-grained soils is obtained (in the case of the medium-andcoarse-grained soil samples, riffling may more conveniently be done onthe larger sample dividers but when the size of sample has been reducedto 250 g the sample divider having a width of opening of 6 mm shall beused). This sample shall be placed in the glass weighing bottle and driedat 105-110°C. The period required for drying may vary with the type of

6

IS : 4332 (Part VIII) - 1969

soil and size of sample. The sample shall be deemed to be dry when thedlfferences in successive weighings of the cooled sample at intervals of4 hours do not exceed 0.1 percent ofthe original weight of the sample. Forpractical purpo~es 16-24 hours is usually sufficient.

6. ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE6.1 Analysis of the Prepared Soil and Soil-lime Samples6.1.1 For soils of low sesquioxide content. where effects ofco precipitation of calcium can be ignored (see Note l. the proceduregiven in 6.1.1.1(a) to (d) shall be followed.

Nor~ - fwo procedures aro glven for extractlng the lime from the stablllzed snllHydrochlor« add I~ the mono ({f('(llve' extractant but with ~oih of high ~(',>quloxide

content It also remow'> the sesqutnxides whk.h may cause lnterteronco wah thedetermlnatlon of the cakturn Ammonium I hlorlde solution extracts the lime but doesnot remove the \l',>qllloxide and I!>. therefore. 10 be preferred with soils of high,>e~quioxlde content even though It may take 15minutes or [ongel to extract the limefrom the sample compared with the 2 3 minutes that hydrochloric acid takes In&(·lIeral. ammonium (him Ide ..hould be used in ca..es where a sotl containlng noldlclum and a hlgh proportion of Iron Of alumInium has been stabilized with d lowproportion of ltme.

6.1.1.1 Preparation of the acid extractsa) For fine-grained soils and soil-lime mixtures- The weighing

bottle containing 5 g sample of dried soil or soil-lime shall beremoved from the oven, cooled in the desiccator and weighed to thenearest 0.001 g. The sample shall then be transferred to a 2SD-mlconical beaker, the weighing bottle re-weighed and the weight ofthe soil or soil lime sample ( W) calculated by difference. Fiftymillilitre of 50 percent hydrochloric add shall than be added andthe beaker covered with a cover glass and the contents brought tothe boil. After boiling for one minute the beaker shall be removedand allowed to cool. The contents of the beaker shall then bequantitatively transferred through a glass funnel to a 2S0-mlvolumetric flask, care being taken that no solid material remainsin the beaker. and the volume adjusted to 250 ml with distilledwater. The flask shall be shaken and the suspension shall then beallowed to settle for a few minutes. A 50 ml aliquot shall be removedwith a pipette and transferred to another 250-011 volumetric flask.

b) For medium-grained soilsand soil-lime mixtures- The weighingbottle containing the 25 g sample of dried soil or soil-lime shall beremoved from the oven, cooled in the desiccator and weighed tothe nearest 0.001 g. The sample shall then be transferred to adry, SOO-ml, round-bottomed or flat-bottomed flask, the weigh­ing bottle re-weighed and the weight of soil or soil-lime ( W)calculated by difference. Exactly 250 ml of 50 percent hydro­chloric acid shall be added from a volumetric flask, to the flask

7

IS : 4332 (Part VIII) - 1969

whichshall be fitted with a tight-fitting reflux condenser, and thesolution boiled for about five minutes. After the contents of theflask have ceased to boil, exactly 250 ml ofdistilled water shall beadded and the contents of the flask mixed by shaking. 25 ml ofthis solution after cooling shall be removed with a pipette andtransferred to a 250-ml volumetric flask.

c) For coarse-grained soils and soil-lime mixtures - The proceduregiven in (b) shall be followed except that a 1 000-011 flaskcontaining 500 ml of 50 percent hydrochloric acid shall be usedand this solution after cooling shall be removed with a pipetteand transferred to a 250-ml volumetric flask.

d) Forthe lime - About 1g oflimeshall beplaced in a weighingbottleand dried at 105-11 O°C. The sample shall bedeemedto bedry whenthe differences in successive weighings of the cooled sample atintervals of4 hours donot exceed0.1 percent of the original weightof the sample. The procedure given in 6.1.1.1 (a) shall be followed.except that 10 ml of 50 percent hydrochloric acid and 25 011 ofdistilled water shall be used for the digestion and a 25 ml aliquotportion of the 250 ml solution retained for analysis.

6.1.2 For soils of high sesquioxide content where co-precipitation ofcalcium occurs, the procedure given in 6.1.1.1 (a) to (d) shall befollowed except that a 20 percent solution of ammonium chloride shallbe used in the place of 50 percent hydrochloric acid as the extractant.The soil-lime mixtures, the soils and the lime samples shall be boiledwith the appropriate quantity of ammonium chloride solution until nofurther evolutionofammonia occurs.This may be checkedby holding amoistened red litmus paper over the mouth of the beaker: the paperwill turn blue if ammonia is still being evolved. Care shall be takenduring boiling to ensure that the solution is not boiled dry, and ifnecessary additional water shall be added to prevent this occurring.

6.2 Analysis of the Acid or Ammonium Chloride Extracts - Asmall piece of red litmus paper shall be dropped into each volumetricflask and dilute ammonia solution shall be added (preferably from aburette) until the litmus changes from red to blue (this may not benecessary if ammonium chloride was used as the extractant). After theaddition of the ammonia solution the volumeof the suspension shall beadjusted to exactly 250 ml with distilled water and the contents of theflask thoroughly mixed by shaking. The flask shall then be set asideuntil the precipitate has settled to the bottom. When the precipitatehas settled. 50 011 of the clear supernatant liquid shall be removed bymeans ofa pipette. and placed in a 250-ml conical flask or beaker. Add2 ml of the buffer solution and 3 or 4 drops of the indicator. The EDTAsolution shall then be added from the 50 011 burette until the colour

8

IS : 4332 (Part VIII) - 1969

changes from pale purple to colourless and then to pale green(metalphthalein indicator) or from pink to blue (eriochrome indicator)(,r,ee Note) The volume of EDTA required shall be noted to thenearest 005011 ( V).

N()\~ - The colour chango of the metalphthaleln indicator Is from purple 10grey or«()IOlJlle~s and then to green Tho end point l~ best observed In artltlcral hght It IS

advlsahle to carry out piaulce till anons 111 order to obtarn experience of the (OIOUI

rhango ar the end pornt If erlochromcIs used the colourchange is from pink to blue'the'd( tual mil (Joint O(rurs when dll trares of pink colourhave disappeared wh('n thesoiution h viewedin artlflctal light

7. CALCULAnONS

7.1 The limecontent ..hall be calculated as given in 7.1.1.

7.1.1 The volume of EDTA solution which would be required toneutralize the calcium and magnesium in I g ofsoil ( X 011 ). 1 g of theuncarbonated soil-lime ( Y ml) and 1 g of lime (Z 011) shall becalculated from the following formula:

a) For fine-grained soilor soil-lime samples.

25 VXor Y = -mlW

where

V= volume of EDTA solution required in titration (rnl), and

W= weight of prepared oven dry soilor soil1ime sample (g)

b) For medium or coarse grained soil or soil-lime samples,

X or Y = 100V011W

c) For lime samples,

Z = 50V 011W

where

W=weight of prepared oven-dry lime sample (g).

d) The lime content of an uncarbonated soil-lime sample ( CI ) (seeNote) expressed as a percentage of the weight ofsoil limeshall becalculated from the formula:

C - lOO( Y - X) percent1- Z-X

9

[S : 4332 (Part VIII) - 1969

e) The lime content of the uncarbonated soil-lime sample ( Cz) (seeNote) expressed as a percentage of the dry soil weight shall becalculated from the formula:

IOOCCz = 100 _d

lpercent

No II- ~- A soll-hrne mixture may, on exposure to air, Increase in weight due to thecarbonarfnn of the lime present. To allow for this weight Increase in calculating thelime content of a mixture which has cal bonated, it i~ ncccssarv to know the tal! iumand carbonate contents of the natural soll, tht, suil lhne mixture and the III!le. Inaddition, if appret.iabh- amounts of magnesiurn are present In either the ~oil or tholime, It is abo necessary to know the magnesium contents of the natural sotl, thl''>011 lime mixture and the lime. Sinn', however. the error Involved in Ignoring theweight increase due to the carbonation is in most cases quite small, the IIn1l' contentfor carbonated soll llmc mixtures rs usually calculated In the manner desci lbod In 7.1for uncarbonatod samples.

7.2 Reporting of Results -- The results ( C, or Cz) shall be reportedto the nearest 0.2 percent,

7.2.1 The observations and results of the analysis shall be recordedsuitably, A recommended proforma for such a record is given inAppendix A.

10

IS : 4332 (Part VIII) - 1969

APPENDIX A( Clause 7.2.1 )

DETERMINATION OF THE LIME CONTENT OF LIMESTABILIZED SOIL

Name ofjob

Sample reference

Location

Sample No.

Description ofsample

Weighing bottle number

Weightofweighing bottle + oven-dry sample in g

Weight ofweighing bottle in g

Weightofoven dry sample ( W) in g

Initial burette reading in rnl

Final burette reading in rnl

Volume of EDTA solution titrated ( V) in ml

Soil sample

(X= 2~~ ( 100 ~or X'" ----w- ml

(fine-grained (medium- andsoils) coarse-grained

soils)

Soil lime sample

(y= 2~~ ( 100 ~or y", ---w ml

(fine-grained (medium- andsoils) coarse-grained

soils)

Lime sample

( 50 ~Z=W ml

11

Operator

Date

IS: 4332 (Part VIII) - 1969

Lime content (percentage of the weight of soil lime)

[C\ = IOOiYX X)J percentage

Lime content (percentage or the weight or dry soil)

[ 100 C ]Cz "" I, percentage100 - C l

12

Bureau of Indtan StandardsAI'> I~ 01 \t,11 utnry 111,111 utlon 1"tdbh~llf'd under Ihe Buteau al ludtnn Stondeuts All 198610 promoteh.urnomouv development of the d<llvltll'S of standardizanon markJ"g and quality lertoflldlloll ofgo{)(h and dllendlng to connected mailers In the countrv

CopyrightBlS hd~ lhe LOpyright of allih puhllcoItJOn, No parr of the,,' puolJrallOn~mdYbe reprodeccd In dllyfor m wnhnut the prior pr-nmwnm In wnung ot BI'> Thrs dot', 1I0t preclude the flpe U~(' In the enur-eof unplcmenttng thp ,tand.ud of nl'{'e"dry dptdll~ surh d~ symbols and 'I/('~ type or gradede,lgndtlllll' Enquu ii', n-latlng to copynght beaddrcvsr-d 10the Dlreuur (Publu atluns) Bl<;

Review nllndlan StandardsAlll('lIdIl1l'n(, an' lwued In,t,lllddret, d~ lhp noodarises on IhI' basr, nil omrnentv Standar ds .Ire alsoJ('vlewl'd [lI'IIUlJIl .Illy ,I ~ldllddrd ,Jlongwuh amcndnn-nts I' rraffrrmed when such revlew IlldJrdtc~

1holt no I hdngC\ ,ln' Ill'l'ded If 1hI' review Indll,III" 1hat (hdnge~ oil I' needed It 1\ taken up forrcvrvron Lhl'r, of Indian '>ldlldards vhould d~(l'ltdlll Ihdt they are III PO,sl'~slon of the lall"l,lrtll'Ildml'nh or I diuon by rl'felflng to the IJtl"t I\~ue of BI~ l atalogue and Standards MonthlyAlhlltIOn,Ihi, Indian Standard has o('('n developed by Torhnu al Lomnnttee BIll l3

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