Iris Recognition

Shubham ChopraCSE_CSF(IBM)Roll no-1/15/FET/BCF/1/006

Introduction

“Biometrics consists of methods for uniquely recognizing humans based upon one or more intrinsic physical or behavioral traits .

Biometrics provides a secure method of authentication and identification.

Biometric identification utilises physiological and behavioural characteristics to authenticate a person’s identity.

The The need for biometrics is:o -> Rapid development in technologyo -> Globalization

What is IRIS Scanning

The iris is a Protective internal organ of the eye. It is easily visible as a colored disk, behind the clear protective window of the cornea, surrounded by the white tissue of the eye. It is the only internal organ of the body normally visible externally. It is a thin diaphragm stretching across the anterior portion of the eye and supported by lens.

Going the layman way the biometric identification of the iris is called as “IRIS SCANNING”.

“Iris recognition is a method of biometric authentication that uses pattern-recognition techniques based on high-resolution images of the irides of an individual's eyes.”

Why Iris Recognition?

• Iris patterns are unique.

• Iris patterns do not change with age.

• Artificial duplication is impossible

• Probability of matching two ireses is 1:10^78

• Simplicity and ease of implementation.

• Speed – the process of matching the iris patterns is very fast.

Basic Technique

Step 1: Capturing the image of the eye using a camera. Step 2: Differentiating the outline of the iris and the sclera,

and the pupil from the iris.

Step 3: Encoding the image using demodulation (also removes reflections, intrusion of eye lid lashes, contact lens outline etc.,). Code is 256 bytes.

pupil

iris

sclera

Recording iris:

The design and implementation of a system for automated iris recognition can be subdivided in to

3 major parts:-

1. IMAGE ACQUISITION : To acquire images with sufficient resolution and sharpness to support

recognition.

2. IRIS LOCALIZATION : To delemit the iris from the rest of the image.

3. PATTERN MATCHING : The Iris Code derived from this process is compared with previously

generated Iris Code. .

Image Acquisition Using Visible Light

Using visible light the texture information obtained is less.

The different layers are visible while using visible light .

Image Acquisition Using Infrared Light

A better texture information is obtained using infrared light.

It gives more precise data for comparison.

Iris Localisation

The process of obtaining picture of iris only is called localization.

Delimits the iris from the rest of

the acquired image

To identify the approximately concentric circular outer boundaries of the iris and the pupil in a photo of an eye using DAUGMAN’S ALGORITHM

Exclude eyelids, eyelashes and pupil also .

Pattern Matching

Live Iris code of the iris presented for authentication is compared with iris code stored in the database.

Bit by bit comparison is made between two irises & no of non matching bits & matching bits are found out.

Number of non matching bits are divided by number of bits to obtain Hamming distance.

Hamming distance gives degree of match or unmatch. For two identical iris code, hamming distance is zero, and for perfectly unmatch hamming distance is one

Advantages

Sensing of the biometric is without physical contact .

Iris is an internal organ is well protected against damage .

Iris has a fine texture .

Highly stable .

Artificial eye can be detected .

Analysis of iris extremely fast .

Highly accurate .

Disadvantages

Requires much user cooperation.

Performance of iris authentication may be impaired by glasses .

Difficult to perform at a distance larger than a few meters

Susceptible to poor image quality .

Camera used in the process needs to have the correct amount of illumination.

Obscured by eyelashes, lenses, reflections .

Why iris recognition is not so famous?

• Convenience

• Acceptance

• Cost

Current Trends And Applications

.Fugitive track record .Computer login: The iris as a living password. · National Border Controls: The iris as a living password. · Ticket less air travel. · Premises access control (home, office, laboratory etc.). · Driving licenses and other personal certificates. · Entitlements and benefits authentication. · Forensics, birth certificates, tracking missing or wanted person · Credit-card authentication. · Automobile ignition and unlocking; anti-theft devices. . Anti-terrorism (e.g.:— suspect Screening at airports) . Secure financial transaction (e-commerce, banking). . Internet security, control of access to privileged information.

Current Use Of Iris Recognition

• Samsung Galaxy Note 7 : It works alongside an infrared LED and is programmed to recognize the pattern in your iris, and that's pretty much it. It has no other function aside from that. the scanner uses an infrared sensor to detect patterns in a user's iris. Simply pointing it at a registered user's eyes unlocks the phone, and does so incredibly quickly.

• Nokia Lumia 950 Xl : there's an infrared camera as well as a secondary camera. The infrared sensor lights up the user's eye, so that the secondary camera can snap a good image and record the data, then turn it in to an encrypted piece of information stored on the device.

Future :

• Keep Officers Safe On Street:During routine traffic stops or when handling disturbance

calls, officers may have to identify and approach belligerent or intoxicated people. Officers will perform a quick iris scan to identify individuals from a distance, providing a critical layer of safety. Wireless, lightweight, and portable, the iris scanner is operated with one hand, leaving the other hand free for fast reaction. Shared databases—similar to the Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS)—will grow to create broad collaboration across enforcement agencies, giving officers in the field rapid understanding of their situation.

Improve patient care: New, ambulatory patients will enroll in the iris

recognition database during admission. Previously enrolled patients will identify themselves at any of the networked scanning stations throughout the facility. Non-ambulatory and emergency patients—and those who don’t know who they are,such as dementia patients—will be identified or enrolled without interrupting the critical time to treatment. Even before the patient reaches the ER, iris recognition is providing critical information. As the ambulance travels, EMTs and paramedics can identify patients, gather their medical history, and start procedures and medication right away

Conclusion

The uniqueness of iris and the low probability of a false acceptance or false rejection all contribute to the benefits of using iris recognition technology.

Provides an accurate and secure method of authenticating users onto company systems .

The technical performance cabability of the iris recognition process far surpasses that of any biometric technology now available and it is the future of highly secure security system.

Qr codes • IRISID

• FINDBIOMETRICS

• PPT

• Research Paper:

• Iris Biometrics Technologies Article In HAKIN9 Magazine

• IRIS Biomteric Recognition for Person IdentificationIn SeuritySystem

• REPORT :