Iris nigricans Iridaceae

Arum dioscoredis Araceae

Source: Crocus hymalis, Crocus alepcus Iridaceae

Arabic name: الزعفران

Main constituent: carotenoid pigment”crocin,picrocrocin”

Main use: antioxidant, anticancer activity against a wide spectrum of tumors, such as leukemia, ovarian carcinoma,improving blood circulation and curing the bruise.

Crocus alepcus

Crocus hymalis

Source: seed and root of Aristolochia maurorum Aristolochiaceae

Arabic name: , القط آذان الغنم خيار

Main constituent: aristolochic acid alkaloids

Main use: antiplatelet, cytotoxic, antidote in snakebite.

Aristolochia maurorum

Aristolochia maurorum

Source: leaves and legumes of Cassia senna Fabaceae

Arabic name: سنامكة

Main constituent: anthraquinone glycosides

Main use: laxative

senna

Source: flowers and corm of Colchicum stevenii Liliaceae

Arabic name: اللحالح

Main constituent: colchicine alkaloid

Main use: Gout, familial medeterian fever ”FMF”.

colchicum

colchicum

Source: Eruca sativa Crucifera

Arabic name: الجرجير

Main constituent: flavonoid

Main use: antioxidant, reputation as a remedy of renal ailments

Source: flowers of Hyoscyamus aureos البنج“”, and unripe fruit of Mandragora autumnalis المجانين “تفاحfamily Solanaaceae

Main constituent: tropane alkaloids

Main use: antispasmodic, motion sickness, muscle relaxant in surgery room,antidote in organophosphurus compound poisoning.

Hyoscyamus

Mandragora autumnalis

Source: leaves of Mentha piperta Lamiaceae

Arabic name: نعنع

Main constituent: flavonoids and volatile oil

Main use: carminative, antiseptic forirritable bowel syndrome.