ircica & al-turath islamic urban heritage program 2015al-turath.com/pdf/irseca summer...

IRCICA & Al-TURATH ISLAMIC URBAN HERITAGE PROGRAM 2015


Historic Preservation Spring Training Program THE CASE STUDY FOR THE HISTORICAL CITY OF JEDDAH

March 21-27, 2015, Jeddah, KSA

Introduction:

Although the coastal settlement of Jeddah dates backs to pre-Islamic times, the foundation of this city as the port of the holy city of Makkah and as a commercial capital was laid by the caliph Uthman (r.a.a) in 646 A.D. / 26 A.H.).

The city was surrounded by walls and there were four gates - north, east, south and west directions. Until the middle of 1947, some part of the city wall was intact. The walls have long since disappeared and there is no evidence of old walls now. The famous gates have been replicated in various places around the city, and one of the gates is located in the historic Jeddah in Al-Balad.

Al Balad is a very interesting and lively area, highlighted by a variety of historic, religious, commercial and residential buildings that form an extremely rich urban pattern, clearly different and easily recognizable from the modern parts of the city. It is made of different parts and of quite different buildings; because of their history, architectural qualities, typologies, building materials, decorative pattern, homogeneity and the social and cultural qualities of their public spaces. These buildings are certainly of outstanding value from the point of view of history as well as art.

This part of Jeddah represents an especially interesting example of the Islamic urban and architectural creativity. It bears a significant testimony to a very specific cultural tradition and to a living civilization. It is an amazing example of an Arabic historic district on the Red Sea, unique in terms of size, architectural quality and building materials. Most of the buildings are built with locally produced coral stone and has wonderful carved wooden mashrubiyas (Bay windows) and beautifully carved traditional windows.

Historical monuments are very important because they served as reminders of the past and from where we learn a lot about bygone culture. In fact there are many types of historical buildings in Jeddah. That includes:

• Religious buildings - mosques

• Houses of famous personalities

• Buildings housing Govt. houses and Consulates

• Schools and Charity houses

• Trust / waqf

• Historic Land marks


1. Mosques:

There are many old and famous mosques in old Balad area. Examples of a few of the mosques have been given as following: i. Al-Shaf’i mosque: This mosque is located near Makkah gate It is one of the oldest mosques with

beautiful architecture. According to the tradition it was originally built in the period of Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab (raa) 634-644 A.D., According to a carved plaque on the mosque dated to 1532/ 940 AD, an Indian merchant by the name of Khoja Mohammed Ali arrived from India, bringing materials from Yemen and built the mosque. This mosque is very famous for its minaret.

ii. Masjide al—Mimar: located on sharey Qabil. According to the history it was built by Mustafa mimar and named after him. It is also one of the oldest mosques in Jeddah. It has a tall minaret with conical shape.

iii. Mosque of Usman bin Affan or masjide Al-Albanus (ebony mosque): It is a very small mosque with a short and robust minaret. According to Abdul QuddusAl-Ansari it may be assigned to 9-10th Hijri/ 15/ 16 AH.

iv. Mosque of Abu Anbah: This mosque was a built by a man from the Maghrib who stayed in this mosque. He was nick named Abu Anaba.

2. Old Consulate Buildings:

Area of the consulates at Al-Balad district was known as ‘the town of the consuls’. Most of the consuls were located in the Al-Shami quarter. In Jeddah , France and great Britain were given the first privilege to open their consulates in 1825, followed by other countries including Dutch, Italy, Belgium, Persia and Russia by 1890. These embassies and consulates were housed in various houses. For example American embassy was in Beit al Butterji and Dutch embassy was in Beit Zenal.

3. Schools/ religious houses, charity houses etc:

There were many schools, lodging centers and charity houses in Al-Balad. For example:

i. Rabat al-khanji Kabir and Saghir: Rabat was a kind of free inn where persons were lodged without paying money; especially it was used by the pilgrims of Hajj and Umra.

ii. Rabat Banajah –Hadhramouth charity house. iii. Rabat Al- Maghrabi - Moroccan charity house. It was one of the oldest charity houses in Jeddah. iv. Beit Hanbali: It was the house for Hanbali followers, one of the four sects in Islam. Mostly it was used

for the religious studies. v. Beit Al-Shaf’i: It was the house for Al-Shaf’i sects of Islam. It is located in front of the Shaf’i mosque and

was used for the religious study.

4. Trust / Wakhfs houses:

i. Dara Amar Al- Anqawi (Wakhf masjide Al-Shaf’i) ii. Beit al-Rusha- yadah – House of a rich businessman from Sudan, engaged in shipping goods. iii. Wakh Naseef etc.


5. Houses occupied by Govt./ Govt. representatives including Omadah Houses

i. Beit al-Lami (police/ shurtah al-Balad sabqa) ii. Beit /Baldiya office for the historic Balad district iii. Beit Sanem al-dahar iv. Beit al-Saeemi (under Govt.) v. Beit bakhariba (house for omadah) vi. Beit Al-wasiyat (Beit al-Omadah)

6. Historic Land Mark

i. Tower (remains from old Jeddah wall) ii. Bab Sharif iii. Bab Jadeed: Built in 1930s by the Saudi ruler at the same place where old gate of Jeddah city wall

existed before. iv. Bab al Bunt: It is the most famous historic land mark of the city, located on the sea coast, where, in the

old days, the registration of the pilgrimage coming through the ship was carried out.

7. Famous Family Houses

i. Beit Naseef : The most famous house of Al- Balad is the Beit Naseef. The house was built for Omar Naseef Effendi, who was the governor of Jeddah. Naseef was belonging to a very respected and distinguished merchant family. The construction of this house began in 1872 and was finished by 1881. Besides the family background it also has symbolic political importance. This house was used by the King Abdulaziz bin Saud as a Royal guest house after the expansion of his Kingdom in the Makkah region.

ii. Beit Zakir - This house was belonging to the mother of Mohammed Zakir who was a famous najjar (carpenter by profession). In the old Balad due to a large of wooden work, like doors, windows, mashrabiyas etc. carpenters were always in great demand. A carpenter’s house in old Balad district itself suggests that he was probably a master carpenter (muallim) who was able to build a house in such prestigious locality of that time.

iii. Beit Qabil- The owner was engaged in trading. iv. Beit Jumjoom – This family is very famous due to their contribution in many fields ranging from trade

and commerce to science and medicine. v. Beit Aljokhudar - The owner was a rich trader. vi. vi. Beit Basura- The owner was engaged in trading.


8. Building with special urban value based on urban morphology

Most of the buildings under this category were belonging to the influential personalities and are located on the trail route and comparatively built with good quality of building materials and have comparatively good architecture. These buildings are located:

i. At the centre of Al-Balad ii. Located around the trail routes. iii. Located around the perimeter of the district (edges) iv. Building with cultural landmark. These building include:

• Hotel / restaurants

• Hospital / Dispencery

• Garden/ Hadeeqa

• Well/spring/ qanat


The program is comprised of four sections including: Section 1 Survey Methodology of Historic Buildings from External and Internal part and Database

Three types of Survey methodology to be discussed with examples as following. It may also include latest innovation in Survey methodology.

i. Traditional survey method with technical amenities which include survey with hand devices, total

station etc. ii. Survey with iPad application, iii. Thermal (Infrared) imaging survey iv. Laser survey. v. Database preparations and methodology


Laser survey


Section 2 Conservation methodology of Historic Coastal architecture Case study: i. Beit Zenal ii. Bab al Bunt (future Hajj museum), iii. Ain al-Qausiya

This would include the architectural, structural and other general problems of the buildings, consisting of the diagnostic study and conservation process. The problems may include building foundation, walls, plaster, facades, cracks, inner paths, beams, roof, stairs, ceiling, decorative problems, wooden link, mashrabiyas (bay windows), beams, solution for the moisture control and salt extraction from the walls and ceiling. This would also include electrical and mechanical problems in the buildings. Also type and ratio of cementing materials (Hydraulic lime, sand, brick powder etc.) in mortars and plaster, suitable for different types of coral buildings will be discussed. Different types of test methods for old buildings and building materials would be also discussed.

Beit Zenal


Bab al Bunt (future Hajj museum)

Ain al-Qausiya


Section 3 Build up of Database for the Historical monuments It will have all kinds of building data including manual and Laser photography, manual and laser survey of buildings from outer and inner sides and data from other sources and to be converted into Arc GIS program. Section 4 Manual for Restoration and rehabilitation i. Restoration Manual is a compilation of different technical process for the restoration of buildings which

includes static and preservation problems and its solution in a most technical manner. ii. Rehabilitation of buildings. The desired level of structural performance for the historical buildings is typically very high and it is not limited only to the crack size and other visible damages or unpleasant large deformation features in buildings. During this lecture different methodology with different possible techniques for Rehabilitation of historical buildings would be discussed including seismic risk.


Participants:

Lecturers: Dr. Osamah al Gohary (Al-Turath KSA), Dr. Amedeo Schiattarella (Tecturae Italy), Arch. Claudio Presta (Tecturae Italy), ENG. Maurizio Falzea (Tecturae Italy), Arch. Francesco Marchetti (Tecturae Italy), Arch. Giovanni Bulian (Tecturae Italy), Arch. Arianna Uzzeo (Tecturae Italy), Dr. Sameh Abdel Salam (Al-Turath KSA) , Dr. Anis (Al-Turath KSA), Dr. Imad Outah Bashi (KSU), Dr. Amir Pasic(IRCICA Turkey), and architects/planners from the Municipality of Jeddah Engr. Sami Nowar and (NHBC) members.

Participants: Students and junior professionals from KSA Universities.

Distinguished lecturers guests at the begging of the session of the program:

Dr. Adnan Adas (KAU), Dr, Hisham Murtada (KAU), Dr. Sami Ingawi (Consultant), Dr. Yusaf Neyazi (KAU)

Dr. Abdullah Bokhari (Consultant), Dr. Mashari Al-Naim (NHBC) in SCTA/KSA.

Distinguished guests at the final session of the program:

HRH Prince Sultan bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Founder and president of Al-Turath Charity Foundation Dr. Hani Abu Ras Mayor of Jeddah, Dr. Halit Eren, Director General of IRCICA;


TIMETABLE Jeddah March 19-26, 2015

Islamic Urban Heritage Program 2015 Spring Training Program: the Case Study for Historical City of Jeddah, KSA

March 21-26, 2015 Saturday, March 21 Registrations and introduction to the program

08-10 Registration 10-12 Introductions: Dr.O. El-Gohari; Dr. A. Pasic

14-16 Site visit to Historic Jeddah 17- 19 Site visit to Historic Jeddah

19:30Lecture by distinguished speaker

Sunday, March 22 Historic buildings identification and survey Session 1 08-10 Morning lecture: Historic city - preservation components 10-12 Identification methods and survey

14-16 Historic Jeddah –case study 01 17-19 Historic Jeddah –case study 01


Monday, March 23 Deterioration in historic buildingSession 2

08-10 Morning lecture: Restoration of individual buildings 10-12 Causes of deterioration in historic building

14-16 Historic Jeddah –case study 02

17- 19 Historic Jeddah –case study 02 19:30Lecture by distinguished speaker

Tuesday, March 24 Identification of historic roots and use of laser survey Session 3

08-10 Laser Survey - practice 10-12 Laser Survey - practice

14-16 Historic Jeddah –case study 03 17-19 Historic Jeddah –case study 03


Wednesday, March 25 Data Base Session 4

08-10 Data analysis and tabulation 10-12 Introduction to GIS

14-15 Using GIS in historic building Info system and Identification and storing 15-19 Historic Jeddah Case study04


Thursday, March 26 Manual for Restoration and Preservation Session 5

08-10 Introductions tothe manual 10-12 Practical use of the manual on site

14-16 Discussions 17-19 Presentation of results by participants

19- 21 CLOSING CEREMONY

ircica & al-turath islamic urban heritage program 2015al-turath.com/pdf/irseca summer...

Documents