ir-4 ornamental horticulture program research report cover...

IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture ProgramResearch Report Cover Sheet

Researcher(s) Gary Chastagner

Affiliation: Washington State University

Pullayup WA

PhoneNumber: (253) 445-4528

Email: [email protected]

Trial: 2015 WA

20151021b.pdf

ProjectTitle: Botrytis Efficacy

PR# Research Target Crop/Plant Product EPA Reg. # Production Site

Protocol #: 15-001

Status

31946 Botrytis tulipae

Botrytis tulipae

Tulip

Tulipa sp.

BAS703 06F/BAS703 01F

Fluxapyroxad + pyraclostrobi

Field In-Ground-

BASF

C


Botrytis tulipae

Tulip

Tulipa sp.

Chipco 26019 N/G

Iprodione

Field In-Ground432-889

Bayer

C


Botrytis tulipae

Tulip

Tulipa sp.

F9110

F9110

Field In-Ground-

FMC

C


Botrytis tulipae

Tulip

Tulipa sp.

MBI 110

MBI110

Field In-Ground-

Marrone Bio In

C


Botrytis tulipae

Tulip

Tulipa sp.

NUP 09092

fludioxonil

Field In-Ground-

Nufarm

C


Botrytis tulipae

Tulip

Tulipa sp.

Pageant Intrinsic

Boscalid + Pyraclostrobin

Field In-Ground7969-251

BASF

C


Botrytis tulipae

Tulip

Tulipa sp.

Proud 3

Thyme oil (5.6%)

Field In-Ground-

Biohumanetics

C


Botrytis tulipae

Tulip

Tulipa sp.

S2200 4SC

Mandestrobin

Field In-Ground-

Valent

C

Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Form

Researcher: Gary Chastagner and Annie DeBauw Date: 9/17/2015 Project Title: T-115; IR-4 Efficacy of Foliar Fungicides to Control Botrytis on “Pink Jumbo” Tulips Protocol #: 15-001 PRnumbers: 31946, 31947, 31948, 31949, 32014, 32042,

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Narrative Summary (Results/Discussion) This material is based upon work that is supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under award number 2015-34383-23709, with substantial cooperation and support from the State Agricultural Experiment Stations. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. A total of 8 products were evaluated for their effectiveness in controlling Botrytis tulipae on field-grown “Pink Jumbo” tulips. Non-sprayed plants served as checks. Disease pressure progressed steadily in all test cells during this trial. By the end of the 152-day test, the average severity rating of the non-sprayed checks was 6.8. The ratings of all the treatments ranged from 1.0 to 6.8. The ANOVA analysis of data indicated that treatments had a highly significant (P<0.001) effect on disease severity and the percent of blighted flowers. All treatments except Proud 3 and MBI110 had severity ratings that were significantly less than the checks (Table 1). Pageant 38WG, both rates of BAS 703 01F, both rates of S2200, and the high rate of NUP 09092 were the most effective materials in reducing disease development. Those same products, plus Chipco 26019, had fewer blighted flowers and yielded more bulbs greater than 12cm-in-diameter than the non-treated checks (Tables 1 & 3). Three bio-fungicides were included in this trial. Although Proud 3 and MBI110 were ineffective, applications of F9110 did significantly reduce disease development on the foliage. Phytotoxicity was observed in this trial. Proud 3 did appear to damage plant foliage shortly after the initial applications of fungicides (see Figure 1). As disease severity increased throughout the trial, it was difficult to discern disease from chemical injury (see Figure 2). All of the products, except the three bio-fungicides were rated as leaving slight to moderate levels of visible residue on the foliage (Table 1). The data from these trials indicate that several of the fungicides tested have the potential to provide effective control of Botrytis on tulips. This includes the bio-fungicide F9110, which showed promise in reducing disease development on the foliage. However, it did not perform as well as it did in our 2014 trial. This may be due to the fact that new material was not available for this year’s trial; thus the product used was more than 12 months old. In addition, a different tulip cultivar was tested in the 2014 trial, which could also explain the results.



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Field Layout



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Results Table Table 1. Effect of foliar fungicides on foliar phytotoxicity on March 2, the percentage of blighted flowers on April 10, fungicide residues on April 13, and disease severity on April 28, 20151.

Trt # Product Prod/100 gal

Intervals Phytoxicity on foliage

% Blighted Flowers

Noticeable Residue

Disease Severity

3 BAS 703 01 8 fl oz 14 day 0.0 b 3.5 d 1.0 b 1.0 d

11 Pageant 38 WG 14 oz 14 day 0.0 b 4.9 cd 1.0 b 1.0 d

2 BAS 703 01 4 fl oz 14 day 0.0 b 6.2 cd 0.8 b 1.3 d

6 S2200 7.5 fl oz 14 day 0.0 b 29.9 cd 1.0 b 1.3 d

7 S2200 15 fl oz 14 day 0.0 b 14.5 cd 2.0 a 1.3 d

10 NUP 09092 8 fl oz 14 day 0.0 b 40.9 bc 1.0 b 1.3 d

9 NUP 09092 4 fl oz 14 day 0.0 b 73.1 ab 1.0 b 2.0 cd

12 Chipco 26019 16 oz 14 day 0.0 b 20.1 cd 1.0 b 2.3 cd

4 F-9110 24 oz 7 day 0.0 b 69.5 ab 0.0 c 4.0 bc

8 MBI110 1 gal 7 day 0.0 b 69.6 ab 0.0 c 5.0 ab

1 Check - - 0.0 b 81.9 a 0.0 c 6.8 a

5 Proud 3 1 gal 7 day 4.0 a 84.1 a 0.0 c 6.8 a 1Numbers in columns that are followed by the same letter are not significantly different, P=0.05, Tukey's Studentized Range Test. Table 2. Effect of foliar fungicides on flower heights on March 17, 20151.

Flower Heights (in)

Trt # Product Prod/100 gal Intervals <10” 10”-13” >13” Total 2 BAS 703 01 4 fl oz 14 day 8.3 ab 16.5 a 16.3 a 41.0 a

10 NUP 09092 8 fl oz 14 day 6.8 ab 19.5 a 14.8 a 41.0 a

11 Pageant 38 WG 14 oz 14 day 5.0 b 17.5 a 14.3 ab 37.5 a

6 S2200 7.5 fl oz 14 day 8.5 ab 17.3 a 13.8 ab 39.5 a

3 BAS 703 01 8 fl oz 14 day 7.0 ab 17.8 a 12.0 ab 36.8 a

8 MBI110 1 gal 7 day 8.0 ab 16.8 a 11.0 ab 35.8 a

7 S2200 15 fl oz 14 day 5.0 b 20.5 a 11.0 ab 36.5 a

1 Check - - 7.8 ab 18.3 a 10.5 ab 36.5 a

4 F-9110 24 oz 7 day 9.3 ab 18.8 a 8.3 ab 36.3 a

9 NUP 09092 4 fl oz 14 day 6.8 ab 19.5 a 8.0 ab 34.3 a

12 Chipco 26019 16 oz 14 day 9.0 ab 22.5 a 6.0 ab 37.5 a

5 Proud 3 1 gal 7 day 14.5 a 22.5 a 2.0 b 39.0 a 1Numbers in columns that are followed by the same letter are not significantly different, P=0.05, Tukey's Studentized Range Test.



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Table 3. Effect of foliar fungicides on bulb size on July 15, 20151.

Number of bulbs

Trt # Product Prod/100 gal Intervals 8-10 cm 10-12 cm >12 cm Total

2 BAS 703 01 4 fl oz 14 day 5.0 c 9.5 a 23.3 a 37.8 ab

11 Pageant 38 WG 14 oz 14 day 6.3 c 14.3 a 20.3 ab 40.8 ab

3 BAS 703 01 8 fl oz 14 day 5.0 c 14.0 a 19.8 ab 38.8 ab

10 NUP 09092 8 fl oz 14 day 6.5 c 17.8 a 18.0 ab 42.3 a

7 S2200 15 fl oz 14 day 4.8 c 14.5 a 17.3 abc 36.5 ab

6 S2200 7.5 fl oz 14 day 8.0 bc 16.5 a 14.8 a-d 39.3 ab

12 Chipco 26019 16 oz 14 day 5.5 c 12.3 a 14.3 a-d 32.0 b

9 NUP 09092 4 fl oz 14 day 7.0 c 14.5 a 14.0 bcd 35.5 ab

4 F-9110 24 oz 7 day 8.8 bc 14.8 a 8.3 cde 31.8 b

8 MBI110 1 gal 7 day 10.0 abc 15.3 a 6.3 de 31.5 b

5 Proud 3 1 gal 7 day 16.5 a 17.8 a 2.3 e 36.5 ab

1 Check - - 14.8 ab 15.5 a 1.8 e 32.0 b 1Numbers in columns that are followed by the same letter are not significantly different, P=0.05, Tukey's Studentized Range Test.

Figure 1. Phytotoxicity observed on Proud 3 treated plants on February 24, 2015 (Day 11).

Non-treated Check Proud 3 Treatment



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Figure 2. Disease severity on Proud 3 treated plants on May 11, 2015 (Day 87).

Non-treated Check Proud 3 Treatment Figure 3. Healthy and Blighted Flower Stems on April 10, 2015 (Day 56).

Healthy Flower Stems Blighted Flower Stems



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Experiment Information

Experimental Design: Randomized Complete Block Number of Reps: 4

Materials & Methods/Recordkeeping Please fill out the information below or attach a separate document with comparable information. Bulbs used in this trial were 10-11 cm diameter ‘Pink Jumbo’ tulip bulbs obtained from Washington Bulb Company. Bulbs were planted on September 30, 2014 in an area that has been planted with tulip bulbs for the past four seasons. Field design consisted of 5 rows spaced on 40” centers. Each row contained 10 3-foot-long planting cells with 3 feet between the planted cells. Prior to planting, all cells were fertilized by incorporating Plantacoat 14-14-14 fertilizer @ 438 lbs. per acre in an 8 to 12-inch wide band just below the soil surface within the rows where the bulbs were to be planted. After placing 45 bulbs in each planting cell, bulbs were treated with an in-furrow 18” wide band of Terraclor 75WP at 3 lbs/1000 ft of row prior to hilling to control soil-borne diseases. On January 14, 2015, the plot was inoculated with previous season tulip foliage that was dried, finely chopped, and evenly spread over the hills. Initial emergence of plants was observed the last week of January 2015. On February 10, 2015, cells were assigned to blocks based on the incidence of disease already present. Disease incidence was rated on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 = none, 1 = 1-10%, 2 = 11-20%,….., and 10 = 91-100% of plant foliage were diseased. Initial incidence ratings ranged from 0-2. All Treatments were applied on 1 and 2-week intervals starting on February 13, 2015. MBI110 was initially applied on February 20, 2015. Disease was visually monitored and severity was rated on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 = none, 1 = 1-10%, 2 = 11-20%, ….., and 10 = 91-100% of the foliage was killed. Disease severity ratings were taken on days 45, 59, and 74. Foliage residue ratings was rated on a scale of 0 to 3 where 0 = none, 1 = slight, 2 = moderate, and 3 = severe residue present on foliage. Flower heights were collected on March 17, 2015 (Day 32) and the number of blighted flowers was assessed on April 10, 2015 (Day 56). Blighted flowers were based on the number of flowers per cell where the disease had spread into the stem. Flower height was a measurement of the length of the flower stem from soil line to base of flower. Tulip bulbs were harvested on June 30, 2015 (Day 137) and sorted and weighted on July 15, 2015 (Day 152).



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Name(s) of Personnel Conducting Research: Gary Chastagner and Annie DeBauw Location of Trial (city/state): WSU Puyallup Research and Extension Center Use Site (greenhouse/shadehouse/field container/etc): Field

Crop History

Crop Cultivar/Variety: “Pink Jumbo” Tulips Source: Washington Bulb Company Bulb Size: 10-11 cm diameter Date of Seeding: September 30, 2014 Date of Emergence: Last week of January 2015 Bed size: 960 ft2

Row spacing 40” centers Seeding density: 45 bulbs/3 ft cells Harvest Date: June 30, 2015

Product(s) applied prior to start of experiment: Product Rate Application

Type Date of Application

Crop Growth Stage

Plantacoat 14-14-14 438 lbs/acre In-furrow 9/30/2014 Prior to planting Terraclor 75WP 3 lbs/1000 ft of

row In-furrow 9/30/2014 Prior to hilling

Surflan + Buccaneer 0.5 fl oz + 2.7 fl oz/1000 sq. ft.

Broadcast 11/21/2014 After hilling

Ranger Pro 2.33 oz/gal Spot Spray 2/11/15, 4/2/15

Various stages

Product(s) applied during experiment (including treatments, fertilizers, etc): PRODUCT/CODE PRNUMBERS COMMON NAME MANUFACTURER BAS 703 01F 31946 Fluxapyrosad + pyraclostrobin BASF F9110 31947 extract of Lupinus FMC Proud 3 31948 thyme oil (5.6) BioHumanetrics S2200 4SC 31949 mandestrobin NuFarm MBI 110 32263 Bacillus amvloliquifaciens strain F727 Marrone Bio Innovations NUP 09092 32225 fludioxonil NuFarm Pageant 38 WG 32041 pyraclostrobin (12.8). boscalid (25.2) BASF Chipco 26019 N/G 32042 iprodione OHP



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Treatment List and Application Dates

Trt #* TRT/PRODUCT

PRnumbers Batch # Rate/100

gal/A Application

Interval Application

Dates1

1 Check 2 BAS 703 01F 31946 4 fl oz 14 day A 3 BAS 703 01F 31946 8 fl oz 14 day A 4 F9110 31947 24 fl oz 7 day B 5 Proud 3 31948 1 gal 7 day B 6 S2200 4SC 31949 7.5 fl oz 14 day A 7 S2200 4SC 31949 15 fl oz 14 day A

*8 MBI 110 32263 1 gal 7 day C 9 NUP 09092 32225 4 fl oz 14 day A

10 NUP 09092 32225 8 fl oz 14 day A 11 Pageant 38 WG 32041 14 oz 14 day A 12 Chipco 26019 32042 16 oz 14 day A

1Dates: 1 = 2/13/15, 2 = 2/20/15, 3 = 3/2/15, 4 = 3/9/15, 5 = 3/16/15, 6 = 3/24/15 7 = 3/30/15, 8 = 4/6/15, 9 = 4/13/15, 10 = 4/20/15, 11 = 4/27/15, 12 = 5/4/15 A = 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 B = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 C = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12

*Product arrived 1 week late Photos See T-115; IR-4 Botrytis tulipae Photos file for representative treatment effects. Data Collected Please describe data collected and scoring system. Also include the dates data were collected. Disease incidence was rated on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 = none, 1 = 1-10%, 2 = 11-20%,….., and 10 = 91-100% of plant foliage were diseased. Disease severity was rated on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 = none, 1 = 1-10%, 2 = 11-20%, ….., and 10 = 91-100% of the foliage was killed. Phytotoxicity was rated on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 = none, 1 = 1-10%, 2 = 11-20%,….., and 10 = 91-100% of plant foliage were damaged. Disease severity ratings were taken on days 45, 59, and 74. Foliage residue ratings was rated on a scale of 0 = none, 1 = slight, 2 = moderate, and 3 = severe residue visible on the foliage. Flower heights were collected on March 17, 2015 (Day 32) and the number of blighted flowers was assessed on April 10, 2015 (Day 56). Blighted flowers were based on the number of flowers per cell where the disease had spread into the stem. Flower height was a measurement of the length of the flower stem from soil line to base of flower. Tulip bulbs were harvested on June 30, 2015 (Day 137) and sorted and weighted on July 15, 2015 (Day 152). Data analysis: Data were analyzed using ANOVA (GLM SAS). Treatment means were separated using Tukey’s Studentized Range (HSD) Test.



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Application Equipment: During the growing season, weeds were controlled with a combination of Surflan @ 0.5 fl oz / 1000 sq. ft and Buccaneer as well as broadcast and spot applications of Ranger Pro using a Solo backpack sprayer. For broadcast applications, sprayer was equipped with a Spray Systems TK 2 nozzle. For spot applications sprayer was equipped with a 8003 LP Tee-jet nozzle. All trial treatment applications were applied with a CO2 sprayer equipped with an 8002 Teejet nozzle at 15 psi in the indicated volume of water. Raw Data See T-115; IR-4 Botrytis tulipae Data file for raw data Environmental conditions during the experiment: See T-115; IR-4 Botrytis tulipae Data file for outdoor environmental conditions.

T‐115; IR‐4 Botrytis Trial on ‘Pink Jumbo’ Tulips

TRT 1 TRT 2 TRT 3 TRT 4



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