ir-4 ornamental horticulture programlieth.ucdavis.edu/pub/replim/replim280_pgr_...

IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Form

Researcher(s): Heiner Lieth, UC Davis

PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012

1

Project Title: Impact of Various PGRs on Branching of Florist Azalea (2009 Trial) Protocol #: 08-014 PGRs Used : Atrimmec (PR# 27876) Fascination (PR# 27014) MaxCel (PR# 21496) Tiburon 2.8SC (PR# 27012)

Narrative Summary (Results/Discussion)

Note: These project requests specified “field container” as the production site. Due to the

length of the trial and the florist type of Azalea obtained, we chose to conduct the trial in a

greenhouse. In addition, we chose to use the “Optional Pruning Regime” specified in IR4

Protocol 08-014 (Appendix A).

Rhododendron „Remembrance‟

Branching Efficacy. Two weeks after the second application of PGRs, Azalea plants treated with

Tiburon had significantly more shoots per plant than the control plants (Tables 2, 5a and 5b,

Figures 1, 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d). At 7 weeks, however, there were no differences among the

treatments. At week 14, the control plants had the most shoots per plant and those treated with

Fascination and Atrimmec had significantly fewer shoots per plant than the controls. By the final

week 24, there were no significant differences among the treatments. Although some of the

PGRs showed increased branching during the crop cycle, by the end all Azalea plants had similar

numbers of shoots per plant.

Phytotoxicity. At week 4, Azalea plants treated with Atrimmec had significantly higher

phytotoxicity ratings than those in the other treatment groups (Tables 2 and 5c, Figures 2, 3a, 3b,

3c and 3d). At week 7, plants in both the Atrimmec and Fascination treatment groups had

significantly higher phytotoxicity ratings than those in the other groups. Symptoms included

partial or complete leaf necrosis for both Atrimmec and Fascination, and partial dieback of

shoots for Atrimmec. By weeks 14 and 24, however, there were no significant differences among

the treatments. Because the mode of action for Atrimmec involves burning of shoot tips to

induce branching, these results are to be expected. Although the mean phytotoxicity ratings were

low at the end of the trial, a few individual Azalea plants in the Tiburon and Fascination

treatment groups had ratings of 3 which reflects marginal marketability. The symptoms seen on

these plants were leaf chlorosis and marginal spotting which could have been due to nutritional

factors.

Plant Growth. On all measurement dates, Azalea plants treated with Atrimmec had significantly

smaller values for plant height and width, again reflecting this material’s mode of action (Tables

2, 5a and 5b, Figure 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d). At weeks 14 and 24, plants treated with Fascination had

significantly smaller values for plant width than those for the control plants. Tiburon and

MaxCel showed no significant plant height or width differences compared to the control plants.



PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012

2

Materials & Methods

Plant Material and Culture. The plants for this trial were grown as indicated in Tables 1 and 3.

After transplanting and prior to the experiment, the plants were grown on in a greenhouse under

natural day length and irrigated by hand with a half-strength Hoagland’s solution. The

experiment ran from June 3, 2009 to December 16, 2009 in a greenhouse under natural day

length. The half-strength Hoagland’s solution was replaced on June 19, 2009 with a topdress

application of Osmocote Pro Plus 15-9-12 including micronutrients. The plants were then

irrigated by hand with deionized water daily or as needed. Greenhouse temperatures during the

trial are summarized in Figure 4.

Experimental Procedure. Forty five plants were randomly chosen and placed into treatment

groups identified as Control, Cyclanilide (Tiburon), Fascination, MaxCel and Atrimmec with 9

replicates per treatment. The dosages for each PGR were prescribed in IR4 Ornamental Protocol

08-014 (Appendix A). Cyclanilide (Tiburon) was mixed with Latron B-1956 surfactant (Bayer

Cropscience, Kansas City, MO) at the rate of 0.1 mL/L. The materials were applied as foliar

sprays on June 3, 2009 and again on July 3, 2009. The plants were pruned back on July 20, 2009,

2 weeks after the second PGR application. Initial plant measurements were taken at that time.

Data Collection. Using the week of the second PGR application as week 0 for the purpose of

data collection, plant measurements and shoot counts were taken at weeks 2, 7, 14 and 24

corresponding to July 20, August 22, October 9 and December 16, 2009. Phytotoxicity ratings

were taken at weeks 4, 7, 14 and 24 corresponding to August 3, August 22, October 9 and

December 16, 2009. Plant height (cm) was measured from the container soil surface to the top of

the plant canopy. Plant width (cm) was measured twice along perpendicular lines at the widest

part of the plant, resulting in W1 and W2. The total numbers of shoots per plant were counted on

each date including lower primary branches. Visual phytotoxicity evaluations were based on a

numerical rating scale ranging from 0 (no injury) to 10 (complete kill) (Table 4).

Statistical Analysis. The data were analyzed using JMP 8 software (SAS Institute). The mean

phytotoxicity ratings, plant heights, widths and shoot numbers per plant were analyzed for

significant differences using t-tests.

Acknowledgements The research was supported through funding from the USDA IR-4 Program, Western Region

based at UC Davis, Davis, CA.

Personnel involved in this project included Linda Dodge (trial coordination, data collection and

report compilation), Ron Lane (pesticide application, pest management), Maria Contador, Ho-

Yun Kim, Tim Lukaszewski, Paul Preston and Mary Lieth (plant culture, data collection).

The materials being tested were supplied by the manufacturer/distributor. The Azalea plants

were supplied by Yoder Bros, Alva FL.



PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012

3

Table 1. Timeline for Azalea PGR experiment. The “Optional Pruning Regime” from IR4 Protocol 08-014 (Appendix A) was chosen for this experiment. The plants received two applications of PGRs 4 weeks apart and were pruned 2 weeks after the second PGR application.

Azalea ‘Remembrance’ PGR Trial Timeline

Date

Weeks after transplant

Weeks after 2nd PGR application Action

2009_04_15 0 -- Liners transplanted to 1-gallon coir

2009_06_03 7 -- PGRs first application

2009_07_03 12 0 PGRs second application

2009_07_20 14 2 Plants pruned, measurements

2009_08_03 16 4 Phyto ratings, measurements






PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012

4

Table 2. Phytotoxicity, plant growth and shoots per plant for Azalea plants over 24 weeks after 2 applications of various PGRs and pruning at week 2. Differing letters a, b, c… designate significant differences among the means; "Yes" or "no" indicates whether there was an overall significant treatment effect at the 5% level (NA means no variation in data; "yes at 10%" means treatment effect was significant at 10% but not at the 5% level). Means ± SE (n=9) Phytotoxicity Effect of PGRs on Azalea

Treatment 4 weeks yes 7 weeks yes 14 weeks no 24 weeks no Control 1.00 ± 0.15 b 0.11 ± 0.14 c 0.00 ± 0.06 a 0.56 ± 0.27 a Tiburon 0.78 ± 0.33 b 0.11 ± 0.11 c 0.11 ± 0.15 a 0.56 ± 0.33 a Fascination 1.11 ± 0.35 b 0.89 ± 0.26 b 0.22 ± 0.23 a 1.00 ± 0.48 a MaxCel 0.89 ± 0.20 b 0.11 ± 0.11 c 0.00 ± 0.06 a 0.11 ± 0.16 a Atrimmec 2.56 ± 0.22 a 2.78 ± 0.45 a 1.00 ± 0.76 a 0.56 ± 0.53 a Effect of PGRs on Azalea Height (cm)

Treatment 2 weeks yes 7 weeks yes 14 weeks yes 24 weeks yes Control 12.67 ± 0.50 ab 16.22 ± 0.50 a 22.61 ± 0.70 a 25.00 ± 0.70 a Tiburon 12.78 ± 0.44 ab 15.83 ± 0.59 a 23.22 ± 1.12 a 25.78 ± 1.27 a Fascination 14.00 ± 0.60 a 17.72 ± 1.22 a 21.17 ± 1.06 a 23.11 ± 1.03 ab MaxCel 13.28 ± 0.70 a 17.22 ± 0.64 a 23.61 ± 1.02 a 25.11 ± 1.40 a Atrimmec 11.28 ± 0.60 b 12.94 ± 0.79 b 17.67 ± 1.33 b 19.89 ± 1.30 b Effect of PGRs on Azalea Mean Width (cm)

Treatment 2 weeks no 7 weeks yes 14 weeks yes 24 weeks yes Control 15.42 ± 0.98 ab 25.00 ± 1.47 a 33.03 ± 1.55 a 36.11 ± 1.49 a Tiburon 14.69 ± 0.85 ab 23.36 ± 1.61 a 28.78 ± 1.49 ab 32.31 ± 1.71 ab Fascination 14.61 ± 0.85 ab 20.94 ± 2.29 a 26.47 ± 2.58 bc 29.81 ± 2.44 bc MaxCel 16.31 ± 1.32 a 22.72 ± 1.55 a 29.53 ± 1.49 ab 34.08 ± 1.77 ab Atrimmec 12.83 ± 0.87 b 14.64 ± 0.98 b 22.78 ± 2.33 c 26.22 ± 2.22 c Effect of PGRs on Azalea Number of Shoots per plant

Treatment 2 weeks yes 7 weeks no 14 weeks

yes at 10% 24 weeks no

Control 8.67 ± 0.88 b 37.56 ± 3.97 a 50.89 ± 4.23 a 65.89 ± 7.53 a Tiburon 12.67 ± 1.21 a 33.00 ± 4.03 a 45.00 ± 3.84 abc 60.78 ± 6.18 ab Fascination 9.11 ± 0.80 b 27.56 ± 2.87 a 37.33 ± 4.03 bc 53.56 ± 4.82 ab MaxCel 11.00 ± 1.25 ab 37.11 ± 3.53 a 47.89 ± 4.79 ab 65.44 ± 3.90 ab Atrimmec 9.00 ± 0.86 b 34.67 ± 4.07 a 35.22 ± 4.28 c 48.22 ± 6.66 b



PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012

5

Effect of PGRs on Azalea (Number of Shoots per plant)

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26

weeks after application

Nu

mb

er

of

sh

oo

ts p

er

pla

nt

Control

Tiburon

Fascination

MaxCel

Atrimmec

Figure 1. Number of shoots per plant for Azalea plants over 24 weeks after 2 applications of various PGRs and pruning at week 2. Means ± SE (n = 9)

Phytotoxicity Effect of PGRs on Azalea

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26

Weeks after application

Ph

yto

toxic

ity R

ati

ng

(0 -

10)

Control

Tiburon

Fascination

MaxCel

Atrimmec

Figure 2. Phytotoxicity ratings for Azalea plants over 24 weeks after 2 applications of various PGRs and pruning at week 2. Means ± SE (n = 9). See Table 4 for explanation of ratings.



PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012

6

Block A

Block B

Block C CONTROL Atrimmec Tiburon Fascination MaxCel Figure 3a. Azalea plants 2 weeks after 2 applications of various PGRs and after pruning.



PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012

7

Block A

Block B

Block C CONTROL Atrimmec Tiburon Fascination MaxCel Figure 3b. Azalea plants 7 weeks after 2 applications of various PGRs.



PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012

8

Block A

Block B

Block C CONTROL Atrimmec Tiburon Fascination MaxCel Figure 3c. Azalea plants 14 weeks after 2 applications of various PGRs.



PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012

9

Block A

Block B

Block C CONTROL Atrimmec Tiburon Fascination MaxCel Figure 3d. Azalea plants 24 weeks after 2 applications of various PGRs.



PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012

10

Table 3. Materials & Methods/Recordkeeping Protocol number

08-014 08-014 08-014 08-014

Product Short Name

Atrimmec (Dikegulac sodium)

Fascination (6-Benzyladenine + Gibberellic Acid)

MaxCel (6-Benzyladenine)

Tiburon 2.8SC (Cyclanilide)

Application rate

4 fl. oz./gal 1000 ppm 500 ppm 100 ppm

Production Site Description

Greenhouse container




PR Number 27876 27014 21496 27012

Crop Latin Name

Rhododendron sp. Rhododendron sp. Rhododendron sp. Rhododendron sp.

Crop Common Name

Azalea Azalea Azalea Azalea

Crop Cultivar Remembrance Remembrance Remembrance Remembrance

Plant Source Liners from Yoder Bros. 2009_03_10

Liners from Yoder Bros. 2009_03_10



Transplant Date

2009_04_15 2009_04_15 2009_04_15 2009_04_15

Potting Mix Coconut coir Coconut coir Coconut coir Coconut coir

Pot Size 1-gallon 1-gallon 1-gallon 1-gallon

Spacing Pot-to-pot Pot-to-pot Pot-to-pot Pot-to-pot

Expt. Design RCB RCB RCB RCB

Number of Reps

3 blocks with 3 reps per block = 9




Fertilizer Type Osmocote 15-9-12

Osmocote 15-9-12

Osmocote 15-9-12

Osmocote 15-9-12

Fertilizer Application Date

20009_06_19 20009_06_19 20009_06_19 20009_06_19

Other Actions Between 2009_04_15 and 2009_06_19 plants were irrigated with ½ strength Hoagland’s solution

Between 2009_04_15 and 2009_06_19 plants were irrigated with ½ strength Hoagland’s solution



Irrigation type and frequency

Irrigated by hand daily or as needed




First Application Date

2009_06_03 2009_06_03 2009_06_03 2009_06_03

Second Application

2009_07_03 2009_07_03 2009_07_03 2009_07_03

Final Measurements Date

2009_12_16 2009_12_16 2009_12_16 2009_12_16



PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012

11

Figure 4. Greenhouse temperatures (F) during the experiment from 2009_06_03 to 2009_12_16.

Air Temperature - UCD Greenhouse 181

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

4/27

/2009

0:0

0

5/27

/2009

0:0

0

6/26

/2009

0:0

0

7/26

/2009

0:0

0

8/25

/2009

0:0

0

9/24

/2009

0:0

0

10/24/2

009

0:00

11/23/2

009

0:00

12/23/2

009

0:00

1/22

/2010

0:0

0

Tem

pera

ture

(F

)

Table 4. Numerical plant damage rating scale used for phytotoxicity determinations.

Rating Description of plant damage

0 No damage

1 No visible damage but unintended (non-permanent) impact

2 Slight leaf/tissue damage (curling leaves, necrosis, etc.)

3 Marginal chlorosis on some leaves (damage on up to 10% of plant)

4 10% – 20% of plant damaged

5 Significant damage to much of plant (30% - 40%)

6 40% – 60% of plant damaged

7 Chlorosis or necrosis on most of plant (60% - 70%)

8 Abscised leaves, branch dieback

9 Tissue severely damaged (80% - 100% of plant)

10 Complete kill



PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012

12

Table 5a. Raw Data for Azalea. Plant size and number of shoots per plant at weeks 2 and 7.

Efficacy and Phytotoxicity Report Form

Azalea Florist PGRs IR4 Trial Plant Size at week 2 Plant Size at week 7

# of Height Width1 Width 2 # of Height Width1 Width 2 Treatment Block Rep Shoots (cm) (cm) (cm) Shoots (cm) (cm) (cm)

Control A 1 12 13 23.5 13.5 48 16 31 25 Control A 2 12 13.5 20 16 49 19.5 33 30 Control A 3 9 13 21 18 42 15 29 27.5 Control B 1 9 12 15.5 12 34 16.5 34.5 26 Control B 2 6 13 13.5 9 20 17.5 28.5 17 Control B 3 5 13.5 13 10.5 23 16.5 19.5 17.5 Control C 1 9 12.5 18 15.5 45 15 22 19.5 Control C 2 7 13 16.5 15 46 15 25.5 21 Control C 3 9 10.5 15.5 11.5 31 15 25.5 19

Mean 8.67 12.67 17.39 13.44 37.56 16.22 27.61 22.50

Tiburon A 1 7 10 13 9 17 14 23 20.5 Tiburon A 2 15 11.5 13.5 13.5 23 16 18 17.5 Tiburon A 3 16 14 18.5 16.5 42 17.5 31 24 Tiburon B 1 14 12 14.5 13 34 14.5 24 19.5 Tiburon B 2 14 12 21 16.5 56 15.5 32.5 29.5 Tiburon B 3 9 12 13 11.5 27 14 17 16 Tiburon C 1 11 14.5 17 10 23 16 27 24 Tiburon C 2 10 14 16 15.5 32 16 25.5 21 Tiburon C 3 18 15 16.5 16 43 19 25.5 25

Mean 12.67 12.78 15.89 13.50 33.00 15.83 24.83 21.89

Fascination A 1 5 12 14 11.5 30 15 15 10.5 Fascination A 2 6 12 13.5 14 23 17.5 22.5 17.5 Fascination A 3 9 14 15.5 13 29 19.5 29.5 21 Fascination B 1 10 14.5 11.5 11.5 19 16 15 14 Fascination B 2 11 11.5 22 14 43 15 37.5 29 Fascination B 3 13 17 19 16 26 26 33.5 28 Fascination C 1 7 15 14 13.5 18 17.5 20 15 Fascination C 2 11 17 20.5 14.5 35 19.5 24 15 Fascination C 3 10 13 14 11 25 13.5 17 13

Mean 9.11 14.00 16.00 13.22 27.56 17.72 23.78 18.11

MaxCel A 1 8 14 20 19.5 34 19.5 31.5 27.5 MaxCel A 2 9 12 14 12.5 36 17 22 21.5 MaxCel A 3 6 9.5 11 10.5 26 16 21 15 MaxCel B 1 8 11 16.5 13 28 14 25.5 17 MaxCel B 2 15 16 17.5 16.5 31 19.5 23.5 20.5 MaxCel B 3 13 13 23 16 54 18 32 27 MaxCel C 1 13 16 13.5 11 27 18 17 16 MaxCel C 2 18 16 23 23 56 18 29 25 MaxCel C 3 9 12 17.5 15.5 42 15 21 17

Mean 11.00 13.28 17.33 15.28 37.11 17.22 24.72 20.72

Atrimmec A 1 10 11.5 16.5 8 29 13.5 20 13.5 Atrimmec A 2 12 8.5 19 11 9 10 13.5 8.5 Atrimmec A 3 9 8.5 10 8 23 11 14.5 12.5 Atrimmec B 1 12 12 8.5 8 29 10.5 13.5 11 Atrimmec B 2 7 10.5 13 9.5 33 14 16 13 Atrimmec B 3 9 15 18 11 51 17 19.5 11.5 Atrimmec C 1 4 13.5 14 12 46 16 14.5 11.5 Atrimmec C 2 9 11.5 17 15 38 13 17 16.5 Atrimmec C 3 9 10.5 18.5 14 54 11.5 21.5 15.5

Mean 9.00 11.28 14.94 10.72 34.67 12.94 16.67 12.61



PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012

13

Table 5b. Raw Data for Azalea. Plant size and number of shoots per plant at weeks 14 and 24.

Efficacy and Phytotoxicity Report Form

Azalea Florist PGRs IR4 Trial Plant Size at week 14 Plant Size at week 24

# of Height Width1 Width 2 # of Height Width1 Width 2 Treatment Block Rep Shoots (cm) (cm) (cm) Shoots (cm) (cm) (cm)

Control A 1 62 23 39 33 115 25.5 45 39.5 Control A 2 64 22 41.5 35 70 27 43.5 37 Control A 3 51 20 37 31 79 25 41.5 33 Control B 1 64 22 39.5 32 65 22.5 36.5 38 Control B 2 34 27 29.5 21 34 27 26.5 32.5 Control B 3 39 23 30 22 46 21.5 27 33.5 Control C 1 50 23.5 39 38 69 25 41.5 41.5 Control C 2 50 20 33 30 59 27 37.5 28 Control C 3 44 23 33 31 56 24.5 37.5 30.5

Mean 50.89 22.61 35.72 30.33 65.89 25.00 37.39 34.83

Tiburon A 1 33 22 33 25.5 40 24.5 26.5 31 Tiburon A 2 33 24 28 20 37 24.5 26 29.5 Tiburon A 3 51 22 38.5 31 72 23.5 45.5 36.5 Tiburon B 1 52 26 26 26 78 33.5 35 32 Tiburon B 2 57 23 40.5 33 88 24 38.5 41.5 Tiburon B 3 30 18 27 22 53 25 31 24.5 Tiburon C 1 40 20 28.5 24 49 20.5 32.5 22.5 Tiburon C 2 43 24 28 26 61 26 30.5 33 Tiburon C 3 66 30 32 29 69 30.5 35 30.5

Mean 45.00 23.22 31.28 26.28 60.78 25.78 33.39 31.22

Fascination A 1 32 19 22 16 63 23 28 22 Fascination A 2 46 21 33 31 62 23 35 34 Fascination A 3 36 21 30 28 48 21.5 34.5 31 Fascination B 1 20 17.5 17 14 20 18 17 15 Fascination B 2 47 21 40 39 71 23 39.5 37.5 Fascination B 3 55 26 33 32 55 29.5 40 35.5 Fascination C 1 32 26 28.5 24 51 25.5 32 29.5 Fascination C 2 40 22 28 24 61 23 28.5 32.5 Fascination C 3 28 17 23 14 51 21.5 21.5 23.5

Mean 37.33 21.17 28.28 24.67 53.56 23.11 30.67 28.94

MaxCel A 1 45 29 40 36.5 57 30 40 38 MaxCel A 2 45 22.5 35 24 73 20.5 41.5 31.5 MaxCel A 3 36 20.5 28.5 25 65 24 31 32.5 MaxCel B 1 33 23 28.5 25.5 49 25 33.5 32 MaxCel B 2 34 21 28.5 26 50 23 26 31.5 MaxCel B 3 57 22.5 40 32 64 24 45 46 MaxCel C 1 47 26.5 28 24 76 31 31.5 33.5 MaxCel C 2 85 26.5 35 26 93 29.5 36.5 29 MaxCel C 3 49 21 27 22 62 19 30 24.5

Mean 47.89 23.61 32.28 26.78 65.44 25.11 35.00 33.17

Atrimmec A 1 29 20 33 24 54 24 37 27 Atrimmec A 2 4 7 10 8.5 6 12 14 12 Atrimmec A 3 25 18 30 24 32 21 33 27 Atrimmec B 1 34 21 26 22 53 25.5 30 27 Atrimmec B 2 33 17 25 23 36 18 25.5 26.5 Atrimmec B 3 51 19 20 16 68 19.5 26 17.5 Atrimmec C 1 46 19 21 18.5 56 19 26 21.5 Atrimmec C 2 41 21 23 20 55 22 24.5 27.5 Atrimmec C 3 54 17 39 27 74 18 40.5 29.5

Mean 35.22 17.67 25.22 20.33 48.22 19.89 28.50 23.94



PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012

14

Table 5c. Raw Data for Azalea. Phytotoxicity ratings at weeks 4, 7, 14 and 24. (Scale 1 – 10; see Table 6 for explanation of ratings.) Efficacy and Phytotoxicity Report Form

Azalea Florist PGRs IR4 Trial Phytotoxicity at week

Treatment Block Rep 4 7 14 24

Control A 1 2 1 0 0 Control A 2 1 0 0 1 Control A 3 1 0 0 0 Control B 1 1 0 0 1 Control B 2 1 0 0 1 Control B 3 0 0 0 0 Control C 1 1 0 0 2 Control C 2 1 0 0 0 Control C 3 1 0 0 0

Mean 1.00 0.11 0.00 0.56

Tiburon A 1 0 0 0 0 Tiburon A 2 0 0 0 0 Tiburon A 3 0 0 0 3 Tiburon B 1 0 0 0 0 Tiburon B 2 1 0 0 1 Tiburon B 3 2 0 0 0 Tiburon C 1 0 0 1 1 Tiburon C 2 2 1 0 0 Tiburon C 3 2 0 0 0

Mean 0.78 0.11 0.11 0.56

Fascination A 1 1 1 0 0 Fascination A 2 0 0 0 0 Fascination A 3 2 0 0 3 Fascination B 1 1 1 2 3 Fascination B 2 2 0 0 0 Fascination B 3 0 0 0 3 Fascination C 1 3 2 0 0 Fascination C 2 0 2 0 0 Fascination C 3 1 2 0 0

Mean 1.11 0.89 0.22 1.00

MaxCel A 1 2 0 0 0 MaxCel A 2 1 0 0 0 MaxCel A 3 1 0 0 0 MaxCel B 1 1 0 0 0 MaxCel B 2 0 0 0 0 MaxCel B 3 1 0 0 0 MaxCel C 1 1 0 0 0 MaxCel C 2 1 1 0 1 MaxCel C 3 0 0 0 0

Mean 0.89 0.11 0.00 0.11

Atrimmec A 1 3 3 0 0 Atrimmec A 2 3 6 7 5 Atrimmec A 3 3 2 0 0 Atrimmec B 1 3 3 0 0 Atrimmec B 2 2 1 0 0 Atrimmec B 3 1 2 2 0 Atrimmec C 1 3 3 0 0 Atrimmec C 2 2 2 0 0 Atrimmec C 3 3 3 0 0

Mean 2.56 2.78 1.00 0.56



PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012

15

Appendix A

Impact of various PGRs on branching of woody ornamentals.

Ornamental Protocol Number: 08-014

Objective: Determine whether certain PGR materials enhance the branching pattern of certain ornamentals

Experimental Design: Plot Size: Must be adequate to reflect actual use conditions.

Replicates: Minimum of 10 replications of same cultivar; attempting to select replicates of similar initial

branching

Application Instructions: Applications should be made using equipment consistent with conventional commercial

application equipment. Foliar spray only. Plant stage: make application on established plants in either 1 or 3 gallon

pots. Rooted cuttings preferred. Transplant, and then treat when roots reach bottom of pot or at a set point in time.

Applications should be made during active growth, at least one week after bud break. See treatment list for when to

prune plants. Note timings in final report. Apply second application approximately 4 weeks after 1st treatment.

Target Plant Species: Azalea/rhododendron, rose. Holly and Indian hawthorn are alternatives, but contact

regional coordinator if interested in these plants.

Use Site: Greenhouse/Field Container/Field In-ground

Evaluations: Height, diameter, number of shoots, phytotoxicity (with 0 being no phytotoxicity and 10 being

plant death), and, depending on age & plant type, flowering length. Initial assessments should be made

prior initial treatment. Assessments should be made approximately 4 to 6 weeks after last application and

then at 3 and 6 months, depending on plant material and plant growth. A count of flowers and/or flower

bud formation at 3 or 6 months after last application should also be made.

If different application methods or evaluations are made, please clearly specify differences in final report and

explain how they enhanced results.

Recordkeeping: Keep detailed records of weather conditions including temperature and precipitation, soil-type or

soil-less media, application equipment, application volume per acre, irrigation, pot/liner size, plant height & width,

and plant growth stage at application and data collection dates. Please include photos of examples of untreated

plants and any treated plants exhibiting responses to treatments, taking photographs of any clear enhancement or

detraction from visual quality at the end of the experiment.

Reports: Reports submitted on the standard IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Research Report Form are preferred. However,

reports in other formats are acceptable as long as those reports are amended with detailed experimental

design and materials and methods, along with raw data, recordkeeping information, and any pictures.

A report submitted electronically is preferred but not required. If the report is provided electronically, the basic

report can be sent in MS Word or WordPerfect, the recordkeeping information as pdf or other electronic

documents, and the raw data in MS Excel or other suitable program such as ARM.

Please direct questions to: Cristi Palmer, IR-4 HQ, Rutgers University, 681 US Hwy 1 S, North Brunswick, NJ

08902-3390, Phone 732-932-9575 x629, [email protected] OR Ely Vea, 308 Aston Forest Lane,

Crownsville, MD 21032, Phone & FAX#: 410-923-4880, E-mail: [email protected].

Draft Date: 3/26/08

Revised By: CLP



PRNumber(s): 27876, 27014, 21496, 27012

16

Treatments:

Product

Priority Rate(s) Special

Instructions

Contact Information

to obtain materials and any needed adjuvants

Cyclanalid

2.8SC +

penetrating

surfactant

A 100

ppm

Foliar

applications.

Do not prune

plants.

Bayer Environmental Sciences, Don Myers,

[email protected]

Fascination

(6BA +

GA4+7), Valent

OR

Fresco (6BA +

GA4+7), Fine

A 1000

ppm

Do not prune

plants.

Valent, Joe Chamberlin, 770-985-0303,

[email protected]

Fine Americas, Kevin Forney, 661-588-7137,

[email protected]

Exilis Plus

(6BA), Fine +

non-ionic or

silicone-based

surfactant

OR

MaxCel (6BA),

Valent

B 500

ppm

Foliar

applications.

Do not prune

plants.

Fine Americas, Kevin Forney, 661-588-7137,

[email protected]

Valent, Joe Chamberlin, 770-985-0303,

[email protected]

Atrimmec

(dikegulac

sodium)

B 4 fl. oz.

per gal.

Do not prune

plants.

PBI Gordon, Gary Custis, , [email protected]

Untreated -- --

Optional Pruning Regime

Treatments: Product Priority Rate(s) Special Instructions Contact

Cyclanalid 2.8SC + penetrating

surfactant

A 100 ppm Prune plants 2

weeks after second

treatment (but not if

buds have already

started to break)

See above.

Fascination (6BA + GA4+7),

Valent

OR

Fresco (6BA + GA4+7), Fine

A 1000 ppm Prune plants 2

weeks after second


buds have already

started to break)

See above.

Exilis Plus (6BA), Fine

OR

MaxCel (6BA), Valent

B 500 ppm Prune plants 2

weeks after second


buds have already

started to break)

See above.

Atrimmec (dikegulac sodium) B 4 fl. oz./gal Prune plants 2

weeks after second


buds have already

started to break)

See above.

Untreated Prune plants 2 weeks after second treatment

(but not if buds have already started to

break)

ir-4 ornamental horticulture programlieth.ucdavis.edu/pub/replim/replim280_pgr_...

Documents