Integrated Pest Management Planning Opportunities for Wisconsin Growers

Peter Werts, project assistant

IPM Institute of North America, Inc.

pwerts@ipminstitute.org

(608) 232-1410

IPM Conservation Activity Plans

IPM Reduces Pesticide Risk

IPM is an systems-based approach designed to reduce environmental, health and economic risks. IPM is implemented as an ongoing series of science-based, pest management evaluations, decisions and interventions.

IPM practitioners use knowledge of pest biology and environmental conditions, and technology to Prevent, Avoid, Monitor and Suppress (PAMS) pests.

Basic IPM Practices Scouting (sampling) crops for pests and pest damage,

visually or with devices. Monitoring weather, other conditions. Acting when pests approach economically damaging levels.Advanced IPM Practices Resolve: Why is the pest there? Pest-resistant crop varieties. Crop rotation, adjust planting times. Reduced-risk pesticides, mating disruption,

companion crops, beneficial insects.Pest monitoring

Pheromone Disruptor

Weather Monitoring

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How has IPM helped US Agriculture?

Conventional pesticide sales down 3% per year between 1999 and 2006. (Crop Life, 2007)

Use of broad spectrum organophosphate and carbamate pesticides down. (California DPR)

Miles to go…

94% of fish, 94% of surface water and 33% of ground water samples collected from 1992 and 2001 showed contamination with one or more pesticides. (2006 U.S. Geological Survey)

Herbicide-resistant weeds, invasive species, new drift regulations, non-target including pollinator impacts call for more IPM…

Bald eagle nesting pairs increase from 417 to 5,748 after DDT ban.

- Fish & Wildlife Service, 2003

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Growers Need IPM Planning Resources

Resource Protection Mitigate impacts on water resources, mammals, birds, and pollinators.

Regulatory Changes 1996 Food Quality Protection Act

Phase out of many broad-spectrum products. EPA emphasis on reduced-risk pesticides.

Consumer/Supply Chain demands Sysco, Wal-Mart and McDonalds IPM programs Midwest Food Alliance

Pesticide Resistance Insecticides, fungicides and herbicides

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Inputs on Wisconsin Farmland

Herbicides applied on 5,227,166 acres of cropland in 2007.

Insecticides applied on 2,125,800 acres of cropland.

USDA 2002 and 2007 Agricultural Census Wisconsin, http://www.agcensus.usda.gov/Publications/2007/Full_Report/Volume_1,_Chapter_1_State_Level/Wisconsin/st55_1_044_045.pdf, Retrieved January 18, 2011.

-

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

7,000,000

8,000,000

Acr

es

Wisconsin Crop Inputs 2007

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Who Can Benefit from IPM Planning?

Wisconsin: 78,000 farms; 15,200,000 acres of

farmland; 6,263,470 acres in food

or feedstock production.

IPM has a home in all production systems.

60%

9%

26%

1% 0%

4%

0%

Distribution of Crop Production in WI

Corn

Cereals

Soybeans

Potatoes

Cranberries

Processingvegetables

Specialtycrops

2010 Wisconsin Ag. Statistics Bulletin, http://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Wisconsin/Publications/Annual_Statistical_Bulletin/AnnBull_2010_final_web.pdf , Retrieved Jan 18, 2011.

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Funded by North Central IPM Center since 2006, with additional support from Northeastern IPM Center for IPM CAPs work in 2009-2010.

Expanding to national scope, merging with national IPM Conservation Activity Plan working group.

Over 100 members from NRCS, University Extension, crop advisors and others.

Goal: increase grower awareness and access to NRCS conservation programs for IPM, including CAPs, EQIP, CSP.

Activities include: Create tools: IPM Tools, sample IPM CAP, IPM CAP training curriculum.

Recruit, train more IPM-qualified TSPs; acquire, share data on TSP payment rates with NRCS.

Provide mini-grants to engage NRCS to create new 595 options in: IN, OH, IA and MN.

Serve as a liaison between NRCS, IPM specialists and growers to support projects to increase state-wide adoption of IPM.

Grower Incentives for IPM:North Central NRCS and IPM Working Group

http://www.ipm.msu.edu/work-group/home.htm7

Farm Bill Opportunities for IPM

Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) 595 Integrated Pest Management Standard offers cost-share payments and technical assistance for growers to implement IPM. Use NRCS Windows Pesticide Screening Tool (WinPST) to evaluate pesticide uses; mitigate if high risk.

IPM Conservation Activity Plans (CAPs) provide an opportunity for Technical Service Providers (TSPs) and growers to work together to identify, prioritize and address resource concerns impacted by pests and pest management activities.

Conservation Stewardship Program provides cost-share rates and technical assistance for growers to implement conservation practices while maintaining practices already in place. Growers who practice IPM receive credit, increasing their chances of earning a CSP contract.

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Conservation Activity Plans

New program of the 2008 Farm bill and are funded through EQIP.

CAPs focus on one conservation activity, but address all resource concerns of the farming operation.

CAPs Do Not provide cost-share on practice installation.

Payment is based on a “flat rate” payment estimated to cover 75% of the cost for CAP development.

A CAP contains the minimum components of a NRCS Conservation Plan necessary to apply for USDA cost sharing assistance.

CAP providers MUST be registered on the Technical Service Provider (TSP) website TechReg.

Approximately $750 million available for program through 2013.

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Activity 102 – Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plan Criteria Activity 104 – Nutrient Management Criteria Activity 106 – Forest Management Plan Activity 110 – Grazing Management Plan Activity 114 – Integrated Pest Management Plan Activity 118 – Irrigation Water Management Plan Criteria Activity 122 – Headquarters Agricultural Energy Management Plan Activity 124 – Landscape Agricultural Energy Management plan Activity 126 – Comprehensive Air Quality Management Plan Activity 130 – Drainage Water Management Plan Criteria Activity 134 – Transitions from Irrigation to Dry-land Plan Activity 138 – Conservation Plan Supporting Organic Transition Activity 142 – Fish and Wildlife Habitat Plan Activity 146 – Pollinator Habitat Plan Activity 150 – Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure Activity 154 – IPM Herbicide Resistance Weed Plan

Available in WI during

2011

CAPs to Address Different Resource Concerns

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Current States Offering IPM CAPs

Arizona California Florida Maine New Jersey North Carolina New York Pennsylvania

West Virginia Rhode Island

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2008 Farm Bill Funds for EQIP

Total Farm Bill is $288 billion over five years EQIP receives approximately $1.5 billion annually

and total funds between 2008-2012 = $7.3 billion or 2.5% of total Farm Bill Funds.1

Contract Obligations September 2010 $2.5 billion2. Contract Acres 46,145,4492. Number of Contracts 92,7252.

Sources1. NRCS At A Glance: Environmental Quality incentives Program, 2008.2. NRCS EQIP, retrieved online 12-21-10 http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/programs/eqip/index.html#intro

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EQIP: Where Are We Nationally?13

Ranks 9th in the number of EQIP Contracts.

Ranks 15th in FA dollars obligated

Wisconsin:1,052 Active Contracts

$16,354,740 FY09 Obligation

What is IPM Planning in NRCS?

The IPM plan is the basis for determining the work needed to be done.

The foundation of all NRCS pest management planning is based on utilizing environmentally sensitive prevention, avoidance, monitoring and suppression (PAMS) strategies to manage weeds, insects, diseases, animals and other organisms that directly or indirectly cause damage or annoyance to agricultural crops.

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Conservation and IPM Planning Basics15

P A M S: Prevention & Avoidance

Prevention

Preventing pest populations. Pest free seeds Cleaning equipment Planting and

harvesting schedules

Avoidance

Avoiding pest populations. Pest resistant or

tolerant varieties Crop rotations Trap crops

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P A M S: Monitoring & Suppression

Monitoring

Monitoring the extent of the pest populations and/or the probability of future populations. Pest scouting Soil testing Weather monitoring,

e.g. degree days, leaf wetness, temperature and precipitation.

Suppression

Suppress a pest population or its impacts. Cultural methods Biological controls Chemical controls

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NRCS IPM CAP Plan Activity 114

Integrated Pest Management Conservation Activity Plan (IPM CAP) is an ecosystem-based strategy that is a sustainable approach to manage pests:

Manages pests economically; Minimizes the risk associated with pest suppression; Produces quality commodities; Meets NRCS quality criteria for soil, water, air and

plant quality; Complies with federal, state, tribal, and local laws,

regulations and permit requirements; Addresses operator’s objectives

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IPM CAP Criteria: Overview

1. Background and site information;2. Site specific assessment of environmental risk associated

with existing and alternative pest suppression system 3. Monitoring guidelines;4. State University’s IPM guidelines for specific crops

(optional);5. Recordkeeping;6. Conservation plan (record of decisions) to address the

identified environmental risks associated with pest suppression activities with implementation specifications and other resource concerns;

7. References, if needed.

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Herbicide Resistance! IPM Can Help!

Nine weed species confirmed with resistance to glyphosate in US. No official confirmation in WI.

Weeds developing resistance to multiple modes-of-action.

Using IPM growers can manage weeds with resistance and slow development of additional herbicide resistant weeds.

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Glyphosate Resistance North Central Region21

Image Source: University Wisconsin Extension NPM and IPM Program

Confirmed Herbicide Resistant Weeds in Wisconsin, 2009

No Weed species Mode of Action

1 Velvet leaf Photosystem II (atrazine)

2 Smooth pigweed Photosystem II (atrazine)

3 Common lambsquater Photosystem II (atrazine)

4 Kochia Photosystem II (atrazine) & ALS inhibitors

5 Common ragweed ALS inhibitors (FirstRate)

6 Common waterhemp ALS inhibitors (Pursuit)

7 Green foxtail ALS inhibitors (Raptor)

8 Shattercane ALS inhibitors (Accent)

9 Giant ragweed ALS inhibitors (FirstRate)

10 Eastern black nightshade ALS inhibitors (Pursuit, Raptor)

11 Large crabgrass ACCase inhibitors (Fusilade, Poast)

12 Giant foxtail ACCase inhibitors (Fusilade, Poast) & ALS inhibitors (Pursuit, Accent)

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Pest Management Fast Facts, University Wisconsin Extension NPM and IPM Program

IPM CAP Herbicide Resistance Activity Code 154

Written IPM Plan outlining Prevention, Avoidance, Monitoring and Suppression tactics to manage weed populations.

Relies on four key conservation practices: Crop rotations; Cover Crops; Residue Tillage Management; IPM techniques (Monitoring and scouting with judicious

use of herbicides).

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Who Can do the Work?

One IPM CAP certified TSP currently in WI. Twenty-two 595 certified TSP:

Potential cross-over to IPM CAPs; Many certified for 590 and other practices that

emphasize conservation planning; Located across the state.

Recruit new TSPs: Graduates of 2011 Midwest Course for Fruit IPM

Consultants.

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Summary

IPM CAPs 114 and IPM Herbicide Resistance 154: Help producers develop a clear and defined course of

action for addressing insect, disease and weed management.

Help producers mitigate environmental risks. Help producers meet market demand for IPM grown

products. Environmental and human risks will always exist, so long

as we use pesticides.

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Thank You! Questions?

IPM Resources for North Central States: IPM Institute of North America, Inc. http://www.ipminstitute.org

NRCS & IPM Working Group http://www.nrcs.ipm.msu.edu

University of Wisconsin IPM & Crop Management http://ipcm.wisc.edu

Ohio IPM Elements and Guidelines http://ipm.osu.edu/default.asp

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