iot and 5g: verticals and network architecturesidesio.com/download/snow_keynote_verdone.pdf ·...

Prof. Roberto Verdone www.robertoverdone.org 7th SNOW, Cortina d’Ampezzo, January 2016

Keynote Speech

IoT and 5G: Verticals and Network Architectures

Roberto Verdone

Radio Networks, DEI, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna

IDESIO, IoT Strategist & Co-Founder


Acknowledgements

• Telecom Italia

Antonio Manzalini, Fabio Luigi Bellifemine, Roberto De Bonis

• Radio Networks, Univ. of Bologna

Chiara Buratti, Danilo Abrignani, Stefan Mijovic, Andrea Stajkic, Riccardo Cavallari, Colian Giannini, Charles Katila, Luca Feltrin

• Stavros Toumpis, Athens Univ. of Econ. and Business

• Newcom / EuWIn partners

Sergio Palazzo, Giacomo Morabito, and others

• iDESIO srl


Introduction

• 50 billion Things connected by 2020 (Cisco)

• 7 trillion Devices connected by 2020 (5G PPP)

• 5G claimed to be the main enabler for the IoT

Things 5G

Networks


Introduction

Things 5G

Networks

Verticals

Radio Technologies

Network

Architectures

• 50 billion Things connected by 2020 (Cisco)

• 7 trillion Devices connected by 2020 (5G PPP)

• 5G claimed to be the main enabler for the IoT


Outline


Outline

• Conclusions


Conclusions


Conclusions

From the POV of Network Architectures there are three main IoT Application Categories:

1) Industrial and Automotive IoT with “zero latency” constraints

2) Delay Constrained IoT

3) Delay Tolerant IoT


Conclusions


1) Industrial and Automotive IoT with “zero latency” constraints

2) Delay Constrained IoT

3) Delay Tolerant IoT Larger Numbers


Conclusions

1) Industrial and Automotive IoT:

the solution is in 5G networks We just need to wait


Conclusions

2) Delay Constrained IoT:

the solution is already out there … We just need good business models and use the right technology option


Conclusions

3) Delay Tolerant IoT:

the solution might be in the sky…


Outline

• Conclusions

• Internet of Things and 5G

• IoT Application Areas (Verticals)

• Radio Technologies

• Network Architectures


Internet of Things and 5G



In addition ITU has agreed on the 5G timeline from standard and

regulatory perspective [2], which signaling the beginning of the 5G

standardization activity. 3GPP is the key 5G standard body, it started 5G

use case study item called SMART [9] and recently announced that a 5G RAN

workshop will be held in Sept 2015 [10].

While the consensus are emerging on requirements and use cases, the key technologies for 5G

are yet to be decided. 3GPP 5G RAN workshop will provide venue for such discussion. Within Huawei, the

5G research team has studies many promising technologies. The radio technology white paper [11] has been

published recently, providing an overview on several potential technologies. In this Journal, more technical

details related to these technologies will be discussed.

5G will have fundamental impact on the ICT

industrial transformation and human life. As to be

a key enabler of the future digital world, 5G is to

be an ultimate platform for a connected world to

enable new ways of innovation and collaboration

and to create new opportunities.

Mobile broadband will permeate all areas of

society in the future and the users would expect a

better blueprint for the networked world. Huawei

has proposed “Everything on Mobile, Everything

connected, Every funct ion virtualized” as the

future trend of telecoms, which is acknowledged

commonly.

Why we need 5G?1

Extracted from HIRP Journal, June 2015

A New Air Interface New Requirements A Software Defined Network




Ultra Capacity x 1000 Ultra High Rate x 100 Ultra Low Latency ÷ 10 Massive Connectivity x 100 (x 1000 ?) Ultra Low Energy Consumption ÷ 1000




Ultra Capacity x 1000 Ultra High Rate x 100 Ultra Low Latency ÷ 10 (< 1 ms) Massive Connectivity x 100 Ultra Low Energy Consumption ÷ 1000



WSN

RFid M2M

Objects Machines

Sensors


Objects equipped with RFid Tags:

• Identification • Passive • No computing capabilities


Objects

RFid

ROM



M2M

Embedded devices equipped with sensors:

• Sensing • Battery or energy grid • Some computing capabilities

WSN

Sensors

m

RAM

energy

sensor



M2M

Machines

Machines equipped with sensors / actuators:

• Sensing & Actuation • Industrial Control • High computing capabilities

RAM

energy

sensor

mPC

actuator


The IoT intends to connect through the Internet, wirelessly,

unmanned devices

of very different nature, complexity and capabilities.


WSN

RFid M2M

Objects Machines

Sensors



WSN

RFid M2M

Objects Machines

Sensors

Things 5G

Networks


Internet of Things and 5G Takeaway

One Size Does Not Fit All


IoT Application Areas (Verticals)



Application Areas of the early ages: • Smart Buildings • Smart Cities



Application Areas of the early ages: • Smart Buildings • Smart Cities Energy Gas Water Surveillance Maintenance …

LC

LC

LC

Flat LC

BC Internet



Application Areas of the early ages: • Smart Buildings • Smart Cities Public Lighting Energy Wastes Traffic Surveillance …

Monitoring and control

Internet



5G PPP IA

GSMA

IoT fora/projects

…

Many actors are currently looking into the crystal ball analysing and categorising IoT verticals and their business potentials:



Zero Latency



Delay Constrained



Delay Tolerant


IoT applications might even be categorised wrt node mobility

- Static Things - Nomadic Things - Mobile Things



IoT Application Areas (Verticals) Takeaway

Most IoT applications will require non-zero latency

and will actually tolerate significant delays

Most Things will be static or nomadic, unlike mobile Internet devices (smartphones, etc.)


Radio Technologies


Radio Technologies

Traditional options:

• 802.15.4 / Zigbee • 802.15.4 / 6lowPAN • WiFi • GPRS • 3G / 4G • … many others (WMBUS, BT-LE, etc)


Radio Technologies

Most successful ones:

• 802.15.4 / Zigbee • 802.15.4 / 6lowPAN Short Range Low Rate Low Power


Radio Technologies

Emerging options:

• LoRA • SIGFOX • … Long Range Low Rate Low Power


Radio Technologies

Future options: Cellular Based Low Power

NB-IOT • NB-GSM • NB-LTE • NB-CIOT

EC-GSM (Enhanced Coverage)

a.k.a. MTC

Based on LTE Based on 2G New Interface

LTE Cat.0

3GPP: Rel. 12

LTE-M 3GPP: Rel. 13


Radio Technologies Takeaway

About 20 options within two years


Network Architectures


5G

C

C

IP Capillary

Traditional WSN

Network Architectures / Traditional Options

G

R


5G

C

C

IP Capillary

Traditional WSN

Network Architectures / Emerging Options

G

R

LoRa C G


5G

C

C

Cellular

IP Capillary

Traditional WSN

Network Architectures / Cellular

G

R

LoRa C G


5G

C

C

Cellular

IP Capillary

Traditional WSN

Network Architectures / DTN

G

R

G Delay Tolerant Networking

LoRa C G

R R

R


C

C

Cellular

IP Capillary

Traditional WSN


G

R

Delay Tolerant Networking

LoRa C G

R R

R

Latency

1 ms

10 ms

1 s

> 10 s G


C

C

IP Capillary

Traditional WSN


G

R


LoRa C G

R R

R

Zero Latency Applications

G

Latency

1 ms

10 ms

1 s

> 10 s


C

C


G

R


C G

R R

R


Delay Constrained Applications



G

Latency

1 ms

10 ms

1 s

> 10 s


C

C


G

R

C G

R R

R





Delay Tolerant Applications G

Latency

1 ms

10 ms

1 s

> 10 s


5G

C

C


G

R IP Capillary

Traditional WSN


Network Architectures / Traditional Options 1

End-to-End Throughput of Ad Hoc Multi-Hop

Networks Through Path Level Markov Chains

Chiara Buratti, DEI, University of Bologna, Italy

Email: [email protected]

Roberto Verdone, DEI, University of Bologna, Italy

Email: [email protected]

Corresponding Author Address:

Chiara Buratti

V.le Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, ITALY

Tel: +39-0512093147 e-mail: [email protected]

Chiara Buratti, Roberto Verdone

11

I,R,..,R T1(0),R,..,R

B1,1(0),R,..,R B1,W-1

(0),R,..,R ….. 1 1

…..

T2(0),R,..,R

B2,1(0),R,..,R B2,W-1

(0),R,..,R ….. 1 1

…..

Trmax+1(0),R,..,R …….

1

1

I, T1(1),..,R

I, B1,1(1),..,R I,B1,W-1

(1),..,R ….. 1 1

…..

I, T2(1),..,R

I,B2,1(1),..,R I,B2,W-1

(1),..,R ….. 1 1

…..

I,Trmax+1(1),..,R

I,R,..,T1(n)

I,R,..,B1,1(n) I,R,..,B1,W-1

(n) ….. 1 1

…..

I,R,..,T2(n)

I,R,..,B2,1(n) I,R,..,B2,W-1

(n) ….. 1 1

…..

I,R,..,Trmax+1(n)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………….……………………………...

1

1

1 1

1

1 1

…….

…….

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Fig. 2. The PLMC for the n-relay network when using up to r m a x retransmissions. Ideal acknowledgement.

By solving the above system we can derive the following state probabilities:

πI = 11+ p ξ

πT

( j )

i

= p1+ p ξ

pjS (1− pS) i− 1 · r max

l= 0(1− pS) l jfor i ∈ { 1, .., rmax + 1} and j ∈ { 0, .., n}

πB

( j )

i , k

= p1+ p ξ

W − kW

(1− pS) i pjS ·

r max

l= 0(1− pS) l jfor i ∈ { 1, .., rmax} , j ∈ { 0, .., n} ,

and k ∈ { 1, .., W − 1}

(10)

where

ξ =

r max

l= 0

(1 − pS) l +1

2(W − 1)

r max

l= 1

(1 − pS) l ·

n

m= 0

pmS

r max

l= 0

(1− pS) l

m

(11)

In Appendix A the example of Figure 3 is considered, and state probabilities derived.


5G

C

C


G

R Delay Constrained Applications


How to keep latency under control?


Full separation Distributed Control

5G

C

C


G

R Delay Constrained Applications



5G C

Network Architectures / SDWN

G

Controller Centralised control


5G C


G

Static Things



0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

1 hop 2 hop 3 hop

Average RTT [ms]

SDWN

Zigbee

6LowPAN

20 Bytes payload



One Hop Two hops

SDWN 2.5 5.5

Zigbee 6.5 11.5

6LowPAN 10.5 16.5

Overhead


5G C


G


BBU

BBU

RRH controller

Cloud RAN SDN: Centralised control


5G


BBU

BBU

Nomadic Things


C G

controller

5G

C G



5G

G R

R R Delay Tolerant

Networking



5G

G R

R R Delay Tolerant

Applications

What Kind of Roaming Router / Gateway?



5G

G R

R R Delay Tolerant

Applications

What Kind of Roaming Router / Gateway? In the city centre of Bologna 60% of buildings can be connected to any other within 4 hours exploiting pedestrian and bus mobility and their WiFi.



Ardito Desio

Ground

Air

Infrastructure

Data

User

Rural Areas Maritime Areas Mountain Areas Precision Agriculture …

www.idesio.com


Network Architectures / DTN Care …



The solution might be in the sky In the city centre of Bologna there are 1000 pigeons per sqKm


Network Architectures Takeaway

SDWN can efficiently reduce latency for Delay Constrained Applications

with Static or Nomadic Things

DTN can be applied for Delay Tolerant Applications


Conclusions


1) Industrial and Automotive IoT with “zero latency” constraints 5G

2) Delay Constrained IoT SDWN

3) Delay Tolerant IoT DTN


IoT and 5G: Verticals and Network Architectures

Roberto Verdone

[email protected]

[email protected]

Thank you

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