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Investigatory Powers Act 2016

CHAPTER 25

£39.25

INV

ESTIGA

TOR

Y PO

WER

S AC

T 2016

Published by TSO (The Stationery Office), part of Williams Lea Tag, and available from:Onlinewww.tsoshop.co.uk

Mail, Telephone, Fax & E-mailTSOPO Box 29, Norwich, NR3 1GNTelephone orders/General enquiries: 0333 202 5070Fax orders: 0333 202 5080E-mail: [email protected]: 0333 202 5077

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57828 Chapter 25 Act 2016_Cover 15mm spine.indd 1 02/12/2016 15:29

Investigatory Powers Act 2016

CHAPTER 25

CONTENTS

PART 1

GENERAL PRIVACY PROTECTIONS

Overview and general privacy duties

1 Overview of Act2 General duties in relation to privacy

Prohibitions against unlawful interception

3 Offence of unlawful interception4 Definition of “interception” etc.5 Conduct that is not interception6 Definition of “lawful authority”7 Monetary penalties for certain unlawful interceptions8 Civil liability for certain unlawful interceptions9 Restriction on requesting interception by overseas authorities

10 Restriction on requesting assistance under mutual assistance agreements etc.

Prohibition against unlawful obtaining of communications data

11 Offence of unlawfully obtaining communications data

Abolition or restriction of powers to obtain communications data

12 Abolition or restriction of certain powers to obtain communications data

Restrictions on interference with equipment

13 Mandatory use of equipment interference warrants14 Restriction on use of section 93 of the Police Act 1997

Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (c. 25)ii

PART 2

LAWFUL INTERCEPTION OF COMMUNICATIONS

CHAPTER 1

INTERCEPTION AND EXAMINATION WITH A WARRANT

Warrants under this Chapter

15 Warrants that may be issued under this Chapter16 Obtaining secondary data17 Subject-matter of warrants

Power to issue warrants

18 Persons who may apply for issue of a warrant19 Power of Secretary of State to issue warrants20 Grounds on which warrants may be issued by Secretary of State21 Power of Scottish Ministers to issue warrants22 “Relevant Scottish applications”

Approval of warrants by Judicial Commissioners

23 Approval of warrants by Judicial Commissioners24 Approval of warrants issued in urgent cases25 Failure to approve warrant issued in urgent case

Additional safeguards

26 Members of Parliament etc.27 Items subject to legal privilege28 Confidential journalistic material29 Sources of journalistic information

Further provision about warrants

30 Decisions to issue warrants to be taken personally by Ministers31 Requirements that must be met by warrants32 Duration of warrants33 Renewal of warrants34 Modification of warrants35 Persons who may make modifications36 Further provision about modifications37 Notification of major modifications38 Approval of major modifications made in urgent cases39 Cancellation of warrants40 Special rules for certain mutual assistance warrants

Implementation of warrants

41 Implementation of warrants42 Service of warrants43 Duty of operators to assist with implementation

Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (c. 25) iii

CHAPTER 2

OTHER FORMS OF LAWFUL INTERCEPTION

Interception with consent

44 Interception with the consent of the sender or recipient

Interception for administrative or enforcement purposes

45 Interception by providers of postal or telecommunications services46 Interception by businesses etc. for monitoring and record-keeping purposes47 Postal services: interception for enforcement purposes48 Interception by OFCOM in connection with wireless telegraphy

Interception taking place in certain institutions

49 Interception in prisons50 Interception in psychiatric hospitals etc.51 Interception in immigration detention facilities

Interception in accordance with overseas requests

52 Interception in accordance with overseas requests

CHAPTER 3

OTHER PROVISIONS ABOUT INTERCEPTION

Restrictions on use or disclosure of material obtained under warrants etc.

53 Safeguards relating to retention and disclosure of material54 Safeguards relating to disclosure of material overseas55 Additional safeguards for items subject to legal privilege56 Exclusion of matters from legal proceedings etc.57 Duty not to make unauthorised disclosures58 Section 57: meaning of “excepted disclosure”59 Offence of making unauthorised disclosures

Interpretation

60 Part 2: interpretation

PART 3

AUTHORISATIONS FOR OBTAINING COMMUNICATIONS DATA

Targeted authorisations for obtaining data

61 Power to grant authorisations62 Restrictions in relation to internet connection records63 Additional restrictions on grant of authorisations64 Procedure for authorisations and authorised notices65 Duration and cancellation of authorisations and notices

Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (c. 25)iv

66 Duties of telecommunications operators in relation to authorisations

Filtering arrangements for obtaining data

67 Filtering arrangements for obtaining data68 Use of filtering arrangements in pursuance of an authorisation69 Duties in connection with operation of filtering arrangements

Relevant public authorities other than local authorities

70 Relevant public authorities and designated senior officers etc.71 Power to modify section 70 and Schedule 472 Certain regulations under section 71: supplementary

Local authorities

73 Local authorities as relevant public authorities74 Requirement to be party to collaboration agreement75 Judicial approval for local authority authorisations

Additional protections

76 Use of a single point of contact77 Commissioner approval for authorisations to identify or confirm journalistic

sources

Collaboration agreements

78 Collaboration agreements79 Collaboration agreements: supplementary80 Police collaboration agreements

Further and supplementary provision

81 Lawfulness of conduct authorised by this Part82 Offence of making unauthorised disclosure83 Certain transfer and agency arrangements with public authorities84 Application of Part 3 to postal operators and postal services85 Extra-territorial application of Part 386 Part 3: interpretation

PART 4

RETENTION OF COMMUNICATIONS DATA

General

87 Powers to require retention of certain data

Safeguards

88 Matters to be taken into account before giving retention notices89 Approval of retention notices by Judicial Commissioners90 Review by the Secretary of State

Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (c. 25) v

91 Approval of notices following review under section 9092 Data integrity and security93 Disclosure of retained data

Variation or revocation of notices

94 Variation or revocation of notices

Enforcement

95 Enforcement of notices and certain other requirements and restrictions

Further and supplementary provision

96 Application of Part 4 to postal operators and postal services97 Extra-territorial application of Part 498 Part 4: interpretation

PART 5

EQUIPMENT INTERFERENCE

Warrants under this Part

99 Warrants under this Part: general100 Meaning of “equipment data”101 Subject-matter of warrants

Power to issue warrants

102 Power to issue warrants to intelligence services: the Secretary of State103 Power to issue warrants to intelligence services: the Scottish Ministers104 Power to issue warrants to the Chief of Defence Intelligence105 Decision to issue warrants under sections 102 to 104 to be taken personally by

Ministers106 Power to issue warrants to law enforcement officers107 Restriction on issue of warrants to certain law enforcement officers

Approval of warrants by Judicial Commissioners

108 Approval of warrants by Judicial Commissioners109 Approval of warrants issued in urgent cases110 Failure to approve warrant issued in urgent case

Additional safeguards

111 Members of Parliament etc.112 Items subject to legal privilege113 Confidential journalistic material114 Sources of journalistic information

Further provision about warrants

115 Requirements that must be met by warrants

Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (c. 25)vi

116 Duration of warrants117 Renewal of warrants118 Modification of warrants issued by the Secretary of State or Scottish Ministers119 Persons who may make modifications under section 118120 Further provision about modifications under section 118121 Notification of modifications122 Approval of modifications under section 118 made in urgent cases123 Modification of warrants issued by law enforcement chiefs124 Approval of modifications under section 123 in urgent cases125 Cancellation of warrants

Implementation of warrants

126 Implementation of warrants127 Service of warrants128 Duty of telecommunications operators to assist with implementation

Supplementary provision

129 Safeguards relating to retention and disclosure of material130 Safeguards relating to disclosure of material overseas131 Additional safeguards for items subject to legal privilege132 Duty not to make unauthorised disclosures133 Section 132: meaning of “excepted disclosure”134 Offence of making unauthorised disclosure135 Part 5: interpretation

PART 6

BULK WARRANTS

CHAPTER 1

BULK INTERCEPTION WARRANTS

Bulk interception warrants

136 Bulk interception warrants137 Obtaining secondary data138 Power to issue bulk interception warrants139 Additional requirements in respect of warrants affecting overseas operators140 Approval of warrants by Judicial Commissioners141 Decisions to issue warrants to be taken personally by Secretary of State142 Requirements that must be met by warrants

Duration, modification and cancellation of warrants

143 Duration of warrants144 Renewal of warrants145 Modification of warrants146 Approval of major modifications by Judicial Commissioners147 Approval of major modifications made in urgent cases148 Cancellation of warrants

Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (c. 25) vii

Implementation of warrants

149 Implementation of warrants

Restrictions on use or disclosure of material obtained under warrants etc.

150 Safeguards relating to retention and disclosure of material151 Safeguards relating to disclosure of material overseas152 Safeguards relating to examination of material153 Additional safeguards for items subject to legal privilege154 Additional safeguard for confidential journalistic material155 Offence of breaching safeguards relating to examination of material156 Application of other restrictions in relation to warrants

Interpretation

157 Chapter 1: interpretation

CHAPTER 2

BULK ACQUISITION WARRANTS

Bulk acquisition warrants

158 Power to issue bulk acquisition warrants159 Approval of warrants by Judicial Commissioners160 Decisions to issue warrants to be taken personally by Secretary of State161 Requirements that must be met by warrants

Duration, modification and cancellation of warrants

162 Duration of warrants163 Renewal of warrants164 Modification of warrants165 Approval of major modifications by Judicial Commissioners166 Approval of major modifications made in urgent cases167 Cancellation of warrants

Implementation of warrants

168 Implementation of warrants169 Service of warrants170 Duty of operators to assist with implementation

Restrictions on use or disclosure of data obtained under warrants etc.

171 Safeguards relating to the retention and disclosure of data172 Safeguards relating to examination of data173 Offence of breaching safeguards relating to examination of data

Supplementary provision

174 Offence of making unauthorised disclosure175 Chapter 2: interpretation

Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (c. 25)viii

CHAPTER 3

BULK EQUIPMENT INTERFERENCE WARRANTS

Bulk equipment interference warrants

176 Bulk equipment interference warrants: general177 Meaning of “equipment data”178 Power to issue bulk equipment interference warrants179 Approval of warrants by Judicial Commissioners180 Approval of warrants issued in urgent cases181 Failure to approve warrant issued in urgent case182 Decisions to issue warrants to be taken personally by Secretary of State183 Requirements that must be met by warrants

Duration, modification and cancellation of warrants

184 Duration of warrants185 Renewal of warrants186 Modification of warrants187 Approval of major modifications by Judicial Commissioners188 Approval of major modifications made in urgent cases189 Cancellation of warrants

Implementation of warrants

190 Implementation of warrants

Restrictions on use or disclosure of material obtained under warrants etc.

191 Safeguards relating to retention and disclosure of material192 Safeguards relating to disclosure of material overseas193 Safeguards relating to examination of material etc.194 Additional safeguards for items subject to legal privilege195 Additional safeguard for confidential journalistic material196 Offence of breaching safeguards relating to examination of material197 Application of other restrictions in relation to warrants

Interpretation

198 Chapter 3: interpretation

PART 7

BULK PERSONAL DATASET WARRANTS

Bulk personal datasets: interpretation

199 Bulk personal datasets: interpretation

Requirement for warrant

200 Requirement for authorisation by warrant: general201 Exceptions to section 200(1) and (2)

Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (c. 25) ix

202 Restriction on use of class BPD warrants203 Meaning of “protected data”

Issue of warrants

204 Class BPD warrants205 Specific BPD warrants206 Additional safeguards for health records207 Protected data: power to impose conditions208 Approval of warrants by Judicial Commissioners209 Approval of specific BPD warrants issued in urgent cases210 Failure to approve specific BPD warrant issued in urgent case211 Decisions to issue warrants to be taken personally by Secretary of State212 Requirements that must be met by warrants

Duration, modification and cancellation

213 Duration of warrants214 Renewal of warrants215 Modification of warrants216 Approval of major modifications by Judicial Commissioners217 Approval of major modifications made in urgent cases218 Cancellation of warrants219 Non-renewal or cancellation of BPD warrants

Further and supplementary provision

220 Initial examinations: time limits221 Safeguards relating to examination of bulk personal datasets222 Additional safeguards for items subject to legal privilege: examination223 Additional safeguards for items subject to legal privilege: retention following

examination224 Offence of breaching safeguards relating to examination of material225 Application of Part to bulk personal datasets obtained under this Act226 Part 7: interpretation

PART 8

OVERSIGHT ARRANGEMENTS

CHAPTER 1

INVESTIGATORY POWERS COMMISSIONER AND OTHER JUDICIAL COMMISSIONERS

The Commissioners

227 Investigatory Powers Commissioner and other Judicial Commissioners228 Terms and conditions of appointment

Main functions of Commissioners

229 Main oversight functions230 Additional directed oversight functions231 Error reporting

Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (c. 25)x

232 Additional functions under this Part233 Functions under other Parts and other enactments

Reports and investigation and information powers

234 Annual and other reports235 Investigation and information powers236 Referrals by the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament237 Information gateway

Supplementary provision

238 Funding, staff and facilities etc.239 Power to modify functions240 Abolition of existing oversight bodies

CHAPTER 2

OTHER ARRANGEMENTS

Codes of practice

241 Codes of practice

Investigatory Powers Tribunal

242 Right of appeal from Tribunal243 Functions of Tribunal in relation to this Act etc.

Information Commissioner

244 Oversight by Information Commissioner in relation to Part 4

Advisory bodies

245 Technical Advisory Board246 Technology Advisory Panel247 Members of the Panel

PART 9

MISCELLANEOUS AND GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER 1

MISCELLANEOUS

Combined warrants and authorisations

248 Combination of warrants and authorisations

Compliance with Act

249 Payments towards certain compliance costs

Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (c. 25) xi

250 Power to develop compliance systems etc.

Additional powers

251 Amendments of the Intelligence Services Act 1994252 National security notices253 Technical capability notices254 Approval of notices by Judicial Commissioners255 Further provision about notices under section 252 or 253256 Variation and revocation of notices257 Review of notices by the Secretary of State258 Approval of notices following review under section 257

Wireless telegraphy

259 Amendments of the Wireless Telegraphy Act 2006

CHAPTER 2

GENERAL

Review of operation of Act

260 Review of operation of Act

Interpretation

261 Telecommunications definitions262 Postal definitions263 General definitions264 General definitions: “journalistic material” etc.265 Index of defined expressions

Supplementary provision

266 Offences by bodies corporate etc.267 Regulations268 Enhanced affirmative procedure269 Financial provisions270 Transitional, transitory or saving provision271 Minor and consequential provision

Final provision

272 Commencement, extent and short title

Schedule 1 — Monetary penalty noticesPart 1 — Monetary penalty noticesPart 2 — Information provisions

Schedule 2 — Abolition of disclosure powersSchedule 3 — Exceptions to section 56

Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (c. 25)xii

Schedule 4 — Relevant public authorities and designated senior officers etc.Part 1 — Table of authorities and officers etc.Part 2 — Interpretation of table

Schedule 5 — Transfer and agency arrangements with public authorities:further provisions

Schedule 6 — Issue of warrants under section 106 etc: tablePart 1 — Table: Part 1Part 2 — Table: Part 2Part 3 — Interpretation of the table

Schedule 7 — Codes of practiceSchedule 8 — Combination of warrants and authorisations

Part 1 — Combinations with targeted interception warrantsPart 2 — Other combinations involving targeted equipment

interference warrantsPart 3 — Combinations involving targeted examination warrants onlyPart 4 — Combined warrants: supplementary provision

Schedule 9 — Transitional, transitory and saving provisionSchedule 10 — Minor and consequential provision

Part 1 — General amendmentsPart 2 — Lawful interception of communicationsPart 3 — Acquisition of communications dataPart 4 — Retention of communications dataPart 5 — Equipment interferencePart 6 — Judicial CommissionersPart 7 — Other minor and consequential provisionPart 8 — Repeals and revocations consequential on other repeals or

amendments in this Act

ELIZABETH II c. 25

Investigatory Powers Act 2016

2016 CHAPTER 25

An Act to make provision about the interception of communications,equipment interference and the acquisition and retention of communicationsdata, bulk personal datasets and other information; to make provision aboutthe treatment of material held as a result of such interception, equipmentinterference or acquisition or retention; to establish the Investigatory PowersCommissioner and other Judicial Commissioners and make provision aboutthem and other oversight arrangements; to make further provision aboutinvestigatory powers and national security; to amend sections 3 and 5 of theIntelligence Services Act 1994; and for connected purposes.

[29th November 2016]

E IT ENACTED by the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice andconsent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present

Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:—

PART 1

GENERAL PRIVACY PROTECTIONS

Overview and general privacy duties

1 Overview of Act

(1) This Act sets out the extent to which certain investigatory powers may be usedto interfere with privacy.

(2) This Part imposes certain duties in relation to privacy and contains otherprotections for privacy.

(3) These other protections include offences and penalties in relation to—(a) the unlawful interception of communications, and(b) the unlawful obtaining of communications data.

B

Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (c. 25)Part 1 — General privacy protections

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(4) This Part also abolishes and restricts various general powers to obtaincommunications data and restricts the circumstances in which equipmentinterference, and certain requests about the interception of communications,can take place.

(5) Further protections for privacy—(a) can be found, in particular, in the regimes provided for by Parts 2 to 7

and in the oversight arrangements in Part 8, and(b) also exist—

(i) by virtue of the Human Rights Act 1998,(ii) in section 55 of the Data Protection Act 1998 (unlawful

obtaining etc. of personal data),(iii) in section 48 of the Wireless Telegraphy Act 2006 (offence of

interception or disclosure of messages),(iv) in sections 1 to 3A of the Computer Misuse Act 1990 (computer

misuse offences),(v) in the common law offence of misconduct in public office, and

(vi) elsewhere in the law.

(6) The regimes provided for by Parts 2 to 7 are as follows—(a) Part 2 and Chapter 1 of Part 6 set out circumstances (including under a

warrant) in which the interception of communications is lawful andmake further provision about the interception of communications andthe treatment of material obtained in connection with it,

(b) Part 3 and Chapter 2 of Part 6 set out circumstances in which theobtaining of communications data is lawful in pursuance of anauthorisation or under a warrant and make further provision about theobtaining and treatment of such data,

(c) Part 4 makes provision for the retention of certain communications datain pursuance of a notice,

(d) Part 5 and Chapter 3 of Part 6 deal with equipment interferencewarrants, and

(e) Part 7 deals with bulk personal dataset warrants.

(7) As to the rest of the Act—(a) Part 8 deals with oversight arrangements for regimes in this Act and

elsewhere, and(b) Part 9 contains miscellaneous and general provisions including

amendments to sections 3 and 5 of the Intelligence Services Act 1994and provisions about national security and combined warrants andauthorisations.

2 General duties in relation to privacy

(1) Subsection (2) applies where a public authority is deciding whether—(a) to issue, renew or cancel a warrant under Part 2, 5, 6 or 7,(b) to modify such a warrant,(c) to approve a decision to issue, renew or modify such a warrant,(d) to grant, approve or cancel an authorisation under Part 3,(e) to give a notice in pursuance of such an authorisation or under Part 4

or section 252, 253 or 257,(f) to vary or revoke such a notice,

Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (c. 25)Part 1 — General privacy protections

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(g) to approve a decision to give or vary a notice under Part 4 or section252, 253 or 257,

(h) to approve the use of criteria under section 153, 194 or 222,(i) to give an authorisation under section 219(3)(b),(j) to approve a decision to give such an authorisation, or

(k) to apply for or otherwise seek any issue, grant, giving, modification,variation or renewal of a kind falling within paragraph (a), (b), (d), (e),(f) or (i).

(2) The public authority must have regard to—(a) whether what is sought to be achieved by the warrant, authorisation or

notice could reasonably be achieved by other less intrusive means,(b) whether the level of protection to be applied in relation to any

obtaining of information by virtue of the warrant, authorisation ornotice is higher because of the particular sensitivity of that information,

(c) the public interest in the integrity and security of telecommunicationsystems and postal services, and

(d) any other aspects of the public interest in the protection of privacy.

(3) The duties under subsection (2)—(a) apply so far as they are relevant in the particular context, and(b) are subject to the need to have regard to other considerations that are

also relevant in that context.

(4) The other considerations may, in particular, include—(a) the interests of national security or of the economic well-being of the

United Kingdom,(b) the public interest in preventing or detecting serious crime,(c) other considerations which are relevant to—

(i) whether the conduct authorised or required by the warrant,authorisation or notice is proportionate, or

(ii) whether it is necessary to act for a purpose provided for by thisAct,

(d) the requirements of the Human Rights Act 1998, and(e) other requirements of public law.

(5) For the purposes of subsection (2)(b), examples of sensitive informationinclude—

(a) items subject to legal privilege,(b) any information identifying or confirming a source of journalistic

information, and(c) relevant confidential information within the meaning given by

paragraph 2(4) of Schedule 7 (certain information held in confidenceand consisting of personal records, journalistic material orcommunications between Members of Parliament and theirconstituents).

(6) In this section “public authority” includes the relevant judicial authority(within the meaning of section 75) where the relevant judicial authority isdeciding whether to approve under that section an authorisation under Part 3.

Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (c. 25)Part 1 — General privacy protections

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Prohibitions against unlawful interception

3 Offence of unlawful interception

(1) A person commits an offence if—(a) the person intentionally intercepts a communication in the course of its

transmission by means of—(i) a public telecommunication system,

(ii) a private telecommunication system, or(iii) a public postal service,

(b) the interception is carried out in the United Kingdom, and(c) the person does not have lawful authority to carry out the interception.

(2) But it is not an offence under subsection (1) for a person to intercept acommunication in the course of its transmission by means of a privatetelecommunication system if the person—

(a) is a person with a right to control the operation or use of the system, or(b) has the express or implied consent of such a person to carry out the

interception.

(3) Sections 4 and 5 contain provision about— (a) the meaning of “interception”, and(b) when interception is to be regarded as carried out in the United

Kingdom.

(4) Section 6 contains provision about when a person has lawful authority to carryout an interception.

(5) For the meaning of the terms used in subsection (1)(a)(i) to (iii), see sections 261and 262.

(6) A person who is guilty of an offence under subsection (1) is liable— (a) on summary conviction in England and Wales, to a fine;(b) on summary conviction in Scotland or Northern Ireland, to a fine not

exceeding the statutory maximum;(c) on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding

2 years or to a fine, or to both.

(7) No proceedings for any offence which is an offence by virtue of this sectionmay be instituted—

(a) in England and Wales, except by or with the consent of the Director ofPublic Prosecutions;

(b) in Northern Ireland, except by or with the consent of the Director ofPublic Prosecutions for Northern Ireland.

4 Definition of “interception” etc.

Interception in relation to telecommunication systems

(1) For the purposes of this Act, a person intercepts a communication in the courseof its transmission by means of a telecommunication system if, and only if—

(a) the person does a relevant act in relation to the system, and

Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (c. 25)Part 1 — General privacy protections

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(b) the effect of the relevant act is to make any content of thecommunication available, at a relevant time, to a person who is not thesender or intended recipient of the communication.

For the meaning of “content” in relation to a communication, see section 261(6).

(2) In this section “relevant act”, in relation to a telecommunication system,means—

(a) modifying, or interfering with, the system or its operation;(b) monitoring transmissions made by means of the system;(c) monitoring transmissions made by wireless telegraphy to or from

apparatus that is part of the system.

(3) For the purposes of this section references to modifying a telecommunicationsystem include references to attaching any apparatus to, or otherwisemodifying or interfering with—

(a) any part of the system, or(b) any wireless telegraphy apparatus used for making transmissions to or

from apparatus that is part of the system.

(4) In this section “relevant time”, in relation to a communication transmitted bymeans of a telecommunication system, means—

(a) any time while the communication is being transmitted, and(b) any time when the communication is stored in or by the system

(whether before or after its transmission).

(5) For the purposes of this section, the cases in which any content of acommunication is to be taken to be made available to a person at a relevanttime include any case in which any of the communication is diverted orrecorded at a relevant time so as to make any content of the communicationavailable to a person after that time.

(6) In this section “wireless telegraphy” and “wireless telegraphy apparatus” havethe same meaning as in the Wireless Telegraphy Act 2006 (see sections 116 and117 of that Act).

Interception in relation to postal services

(7) Section 125(3) of the Postal Services Act 2000 applies for the purposes ofdetermining for the purposes of this Act whether a postal item is in the courseof its transmission by means of a postal service as it applies for the purposes ofdetermining for the purposes of that Act whether a postal packet is in courseof transmission by post.

Interception carried out in the United Kingdom

(8) For the purposes of this Act the interception of a communication is carried outin the United Kingdom if, and only if—

(a) the relevant act or, in the case of a postal item, the interception is carriedout by conduct within the United Kingdom, and

(b) the communication is intercepted— (i) in the course of its transmission by means of a public

telecommunication system or a public postal service, or(ii) in the course of its transmission by means of a private

telecommunication system in a case where the sender orintended recipient of the communication is in the UnitedKingdom.

Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (c. 25)Part 1 — General privacy protections

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5 Conduct that is not interception

(1) References in this Act to the interception of a communication do not includereferences to the interception of any communication broadcast for generalreception.

(2) References in this Act to the interception of a communication in the course ofits transmission by means of a postal service do not include references to—

(a) any conduct that takes place in relation only to so much of thecommunication as consists of any postal data comprised in, included aspart of, attached to, or logically associated with a communication(whether by the sender or otherwise) for the purposes of any postalservice by means of which it is being or may be transmitted, or

(b) any conduct, in connection with conduct falling within paragraph (a),that gives a person who is neither the sender nor the intended recipientonly so much access to a communication as is necessary for the purposeof identifying such postal data.

For the meaning of “postal data”, see section 262.

6 Definition of “lawful authority”

(1) For the purposes of this Act, a person has lawful authority to carry out aninterception if, and only if—

(a) the interception is carried out in accordance with—(i) a targeted interception warrant or mutual assistance warrant

under Chapter 1 of Part 2, or(ii) a bulk interception warrant under Chapter 1 of Part 6,

(b) the interception is authorised by any of sections 44 to 52, or(c) in the case of a communication stored in or by a telecommunication

system, the interception— (i) is carried out in accordance with a targeted equipment

interference warrant under Part 5 or a bulk equipmentinterference warrant under Chapter 3 of Part 6,

(ii) is in the exercise of any statutory power that is exercised for thepurpose of obtaining information or taking possession of anydocument or other property, or

(iii) is carried out in accordance with a court order made for thatpurpose.

(2) Conduct which has lawful authority for the purposes of this Act by virtue ofsubsection (1)(a) or (b) is to be treated as lawful for all other purposes.

(3) Any other conduct which— (a) is carried out in accordance with a warrant under Chapter 1 of Part 2 or

a bulk interception warrant, or(b) is authorised by any of sections 44 to 52,

is to be treated as lawful for all purposes.

7 Monetary penalties for certain unlawful interceptions

(1) The Investigatory Powers Commissioner may serve a monetary penalty noticeon a person if conditions A and B are met.

Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (c. 25)Part 1 — General privacy protections

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(2) A monetary penalty notice is a notice requiring the person on whom it is servedto pay to the Investigatory Powers Commissioner (“the Commissioner”) amonetary penalty of an amount determined by the Commissioner andspecified in the notice.

(3) Condition A is that the Commissioner considers that—(a) the person has intercepted, in the United Kingdom, any

communication in the course of its transmission by means of a publictelecommunication system,

(b) the person did not have lawful authority to carry out the interception,and

(c) the person was not, at the time of the interception, making an attemptto act in accordance with an interception warrant which might, in theopinion of the Commissioner, explain the interception.

(4) Condition B is that the Commissioner does not consider that the person hascommitted an offence under section 3(1).

(5) The amount of a monetary penalty determined by the Commissioner underthis section must not exceed £50,000.

(6) Schedule 1 (which makes further provision about monetary penalty notices)has effect.

(7) In this section “interception warrant” means—(a) a targeted interception warrant or mutual assistance warrant under

Chapter 1 of Part 2, or(b) a bulk interception warrant under Chapter 1 of Part 6.

(8) For the meaning of “interception” and other key expressions used in thissection, see sections 4 to 6.

8 Civil liability for certain unlawful interceptions

(1) An interception of a communication is actionable at the suit or instance of— (a) the sender of the communication, or(b) the recipient, or intended recipient, of the communication,

if conditions A to D are met.

(2) Condition A is that the interception is carried out in the United Kingdom.

(3) Condition B is that the communication is intercepted—(a) in the course of its transmission by means of a private

telecommunication system, or(b) in the course of its transmission, by means of a public

telecommunication system, to or from apparatus that is part of a privatetelecommunication system.

(4) Condition C is that the interception is carried out by, or with the express orimplied consent of, a person who has the right to control the operation or useof the private telecommunication system.

(5) Condition D is that the interception is carried out without lawful authority.

(6) For the meaning of “interception” and other key expressions used in thissection, see sections 4 to 6.

Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (c. 25)Part 1 — General privacy protections

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9 Restriction on requesting interception by overseas authorities

(1) This section applies to a request for any authorities of a country or territoryoutside the United Kingdom to carry out the interception of communicationssent by, or intended for, an individual who the person making the requestbelieves will be in the British Islands at the time of the interception.

(2) A request to which this section applies may not be made by or on behalf of aperson in the United Kingdom unless—

(a) a targeted interception warrant has been issued under Chapter 1 of Part2 authorising the person to whom it is addressed to secure theinterception of communications sent by, or intended for, thatindividual, or

(b) a targeted examination warrant has been issued under that Chapterauthorising the person to whom it is addressed to carry out theselection of the content of such communications for examination.

10 Restriction on requesting assistance under mutual assistance agreements etc.

(1) This section applies to—(a) a request for assistance under an EU mutual assistance instrument, and(b) a request for assistance in accordance with an international mutual

assistance agreement.

(2) A request to which this section applies may not be made by or on behalf of aperson in the United Kingdom to the competent authorities of a country orterritory outside the United Kingdom unless a mutual assistance warrant hasbeen issued under Chapter 1 of Part 2 authorising the making of the request.

(3) In this section— “EU mutual assistance instrument” means an EU instrument which—

(a) relates to the provision of mutual assistance in connection with,or in the form of, the interception of communications,

(b) requires the issue of a warrant, order or equivalent instrumentin cases in which assistance is given, and

(c) is designated as an EU mutual assistance instrument byregulations made by the Secretary of State;

“international mutual assistance agreement” means an internationalagreement which—

(a) relates to the provision of mutual assistance in connection with,or in the form of, the interception of communications,

(b) requires the issue of a warrant, order or equivalent instrumentin cases in which assistance is given, and

(c) is designated as an international mutual assistance agreementby regulations made by the Secretary of State.

Prohibition against unlawful obtaining of communications data

11 Offence of unlawfully obtaining communications data

(1) A relevant person who, without lawful authority, knowingly or recklesslyobtains communications data from a telecommunications operator or a postaloperator is guilty of an offence.

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(2) In this section “relevant person” means a person who holds an office, rank orposition with a relevant public authority (within the meaning of Part 3).

(3) Subsection (1) does not apply to a relevant person who shows that the personacted in the reasonable belief that the person had lawful authority to obtain thecommunications data.

(4) A person guilty of an offence under this section is liable—(a) on summary conviction in England and Wales—

(i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months (or 6months, if the offence was committed before thecommencement of section 154(1) of the Criminal Justice Act2003), or

(ii) to a fine,or to both;

(b) on summary conviction in Scotland— (i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months, or

(ii) to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum,or to both;

(c) on summary conviction in Northern Ireland— (i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months, or

(ii) to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum,or to both;

(d) on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding2 years or to a fine, or to both.

Abolition or restriction of powers to obtain communications data

12 Abolition or restriction of certain powers to obtain communications data

(1) Schedule 2 (which repeals certain information powers so far as they enablepublic authorities to secure the disclosure by a telecommunications operator orpostal operator of communications data without the consent of the operator)has effect.

(2) Any general information power which—(a) would (apart from this subsection) enable a public authority to secure

the disclosure by a telecommunications operator or postal operator ofcommunications data without the consent of the operator, and

(b) does not involve a court order or other judicial authorisation or warrantand is not a regulatory power or a relevant postal power,

is to be read as not enabling the public authority to secure such a disclosure.

(3) A regulatory power or relevant postal power which enables a public authorityto secure the disclosure by a telecommunications operator or postal operator ofcommunications data without the consent of the operator may only beexercised by the public authority for that purpose if it is not possible for theauthority to use a power under this Act to secure the disclosure of the data.

(4) The Secretary of State may by regulations modify any enactment inconsequence of subsection (2).

(5) In this section “general information power” means—

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(a) in relation to disclosure by a telecommunications operator, any powerto obtain information or documents (however expressed) which—

(i) is conferred by or under an enactment other than this Act or theRegulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000, and

(ii) does not deal (whether alone or with other matters) specificallywith telecommunications operators or any class oftelecommunications operators, and

(b) in relation to disclosure by a postal operator, any power to obtaininformation or documents (however expressed) which—

(i) is conferred by or under an enactment other than this Act or theRegulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000, and

(ii) does not deal (whether alone or with other matters) specificallywith postal operators or any class of postal operators.

(6) In this section—“power” includes part of a power,“regulatory power” means any power to obtain information or

documents (however expressed) which—(a) is conferred by or under an enactment other than this Act or the

Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000, and(b) is exercisable in connection with the regulation of—

(i) telecommunications operators, telecommunicationsservices or telecommunication systems, or

(ii) postal operators or postal services,“relevant postal power” means any power to obtain information or

documents (however expressed) which—(a) is conferred by or under an enactment other than this Act or the

Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000, and(b) is exercisable in connection with the conveyance or expected

conveyance of any postal item into or out of the UnitedKingdom,

and references to powers include duties (and references to enabling andexercising are to be read as including references to requiring and performing).

Restrictions on interference with equipment

13 Mandatory use of equipment interference warrants

(1) An intelligence service may not, for the purpose of obtaining communications,private information or equipment data, engage in conduct which could beauthorised by an equipment interference warrant except under the authority ofsuch a warrant if—

(a) the intelligence service considers that the conduct would (unless doneunder lawful authority) constitute one or more offences under sections1 to 3A of the Computer Misuse Act 1990 (computer misuse offences),and

(b) there is a British Islands connection.

(2) For the purpose of this section, there is a British Islands connection if—(a) any of the conduct would take place in the British Islands (regardless of

the location of the equipment which would, or may, be interfered with),

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(b) the intelligence service believes that any of the equipment whichwould, or may, be interfered with would, or may, be in the BritishIslands at some time while the interference is taking place, or

(c) a purpose of the interference is to obtain—(i) communications sent by, or to, a person who is, or whom the

intelligence service believes to be, for the time being in theBritish Islands,

(ii) private information relating to an individual who is, or whomthe intelligence service believes to be, for the time being in theBritish Islands, or

(iii) equipment data which forms part of, or is connected with,communications or private information falling within sub-paragraph (i) or (ii).

(3) This section does not restrict the ability of the head of an intelligence service toapply for an equipment interference warrant in cases where—

(a) the intelligence service does not consider that the conduct for which itis seeking authorisation would (unless done under lawful authority)constitute one or more offences under sections 1 to 3A of the ComputerMisuse Act 1990, or

(b) there is no British Islands connection.

(4) In this section—“communications”, “private information” and “equipment data” have the

same meaning as in Part 5 (see section 135);“equipment interference warrant” means—

(a) a targeted equipment interference warrant under Part 5;(b) a bulk equipment interference warrant under Chapter 3 of Part

6.

14 Restriction on use of section 93 of the Police Act 1997

(1) A person may not, for the purpose of obtaining communications, privateinformation or equipment data, make an application under section 93 of thePolice Act 1997 for authorisation to engage in conduct which could beauthorised by a targeted equipment interference warrant under Part 5 if theapplicant considers that the conduct would (unless done under lawfulauthority) constitute one or more offences under sections 1 to 3A of theComputer Misuse Act 1990 (computer misuse offences).

(2) In this section, “communications”, “private information” and “equipmentdata” have the same meaning as in Part 5 (see section 135).

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PART 2

LAWFUL INTERCEPTION OF COMMUNICATIONS

CHAPTER 1

INTERCEPTION AND EXAMINATION WITH A WARRANT

Warrants under this Chapter

15 Warrants that may be issued under this Chapter

(1) There are three kinds of warrant that may be issued under this Chapter—(a) targeted interception warrants (see subsection (2)),(b) targeted examination warrants (see subsection (3)), and(c) mutual assistance warrants (see subsection (4)).

(2) A targeted interception warrant is a warrant which authorises or requires theperson to whom it is addressed to secure, by any conduct described in thewarrant, any one or more of the following—

(a) the interception, in the course of their transmission by means of a postalservice or telecommunication system, of communications described inthe warrant;

(b) the obtaining of secondary data from communications transmitted bymeans of a postal service or telecommunication system and describedin the warrant (see section 16);

(c) the disclosure, in any manner described in the warrant, of anythingobtained under the warrant to the person to whom the warrant isaddressed or to any person acting on that person’s behalf.

(3) A targeted examination warrant is a warrant which authorises the person towhom it is addressed to carry out the selection of relevant content forexamination, in breach of the prohibition in section 152(4) (prohibition onseeking to identify communications of individuals in the British Islands).In this Part “relevant content”, in relation to a targeted examination warrant,means any content of communications intercepted by an interceptionauthorised or required by a bulk interception warrant under Chapter 1 of Part6.

(4) A mutual assistance warrant is a warrant which authorises or requires theperson to whom it is addressed to secure, by any conduct described in thewarrant, any one or more of the following—

(a) the making of a request, in accordance with an EU mutual assistanceinstrument or an international mutual assistance agreement, for theprovision of any assistance of a kind described in the warrant inconnection with, or in the form of, an interception of communications;

(b) the provision to the competent authorities of a country or territoryoutside the United Kingdom, in accordance with such an instrument oragreement, of any assistance of a kind described in the warrant inconnection with, or in the form of, an interception of communications;

(c) the disclosure, in any manner described in the warrant, of anythingobtained under the warrant to the person to whom the warrant isaddressed or to any person acting on that person’s behalf.

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(5) A targeted interception warrant or mutual assistance warrant also authorisesthe following conduct (in addition to the conduct described in the warrant)—

(a) any conduct which it is necessary to undertake in order to do what isexpressly authorised or required by the warrant, including—

(i) the interception of communications not described in thewarrant, and

(ii) conduct for obtaining secondary data from suchcommunications;

(b) any conduct by any person which is conduct in pursuance of arequirement imposed by or on behalf of the person to whom thewarrant is addressed to be provided with assistance in giving effect tothe warrant;

(c) any conduct for obtaining related systems data from any postaloperator or telecommunications operator.

(6) For the purposes of subsection (5)(c)— “related systems data”, in relation to a warrant, means systems data

relating to a relevant communication or to the sender or recipient, orintended recipient, of a relevant communication (whether or not aperson), and

“relevant communication”, in relation to a warrant, means—(a) any communication intercepted in accordance with the warrant

in the course of its transmission by means of a postal service ortelecommunication system, or

(b) any communication from which secondary data is obtainedunder the warrant.

(7) For provision enabling the combination of targeted interception warrants withcertain other warrants or authorisations (including targeted examinationwarrants), see Schedule 8.

16 Obtaining secondary data

(1) This section has effect for the purposes of this Part.

(2) In relation to a communication transmitted by means of a postal service,references to obtaining secondary data from the communication are referencesto obtaining such data in the course of the transmission of the communication(as to which, see section 4(7)).

(3) In relation to a communication transmitted by means of a telecommunicationsystem, references to obtaining secondary data from the communication arereferences to obtaining such data—

(a) while the communication is being transmitted, or(b) at any time when the communication is stored in or by the system

(whether before or after its transmission).

(4) “Secondary data”— (a) in relation to a communication transmitted by means of a postal

service, means any data falling within subsection (5);(b) in relation to a communication transmitted by means of a

telecommunication system, means any data falling within subsection(5) or (6).

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(5) The data falling within this subsection is systems data which is comprised in,included as part of, attached to or logically associated with the communication(whether by the sender or otherwise).

(6) The data falling within this subsection is identifying data which—(a) is comprised in, included as part of, attached to or logically associated

with the communication (whether by the sender or otherwise),(b) is capable of being logically separated from the remainder of the

communication, and(c) if it were so separated, would not reveal anything of what might

reasonably be considered to be the meaning (if any) of thecommunication, disregarding any meaning arising from the fact of thecommunication or from any data relating to the transmission of thecommunication.

(7) For the meaning of “systems data” and “identifying data”, see section 263.

17 Subject-matter of warrants

(1) A warrant under this Chapter may relate to—(a) a particular person or organisation, or(b) a single set of premises.

(2) In addition, a targeted interception warrant or targeted examination warrantmay relate to—

(a) a group of persons who share a common purpose or who carry on, ormay carry on, a particular activity;

(b) more than one person or organisation, or more than one set of premises,where the conduct authorised or required by the warrant is for thepurposes of a single investigation or operation;

(c) testing or training activities.

(3) In subsection (2)(c) “testing or training activities” means—(a) in relation to a targeted interception warrant—

(i) the testing, maintenance or development of apparatus, systemsor other capabilities relating to the interception ofcommunications in the course of their transmission by means ofa telecommunication system or to the obtaining of secondarydata from communications transmitted by means of such asystem, or

(ii) the training of persons who carry out, or are likely to carry out,such interception or the obtaining of such data;

(b) in relation to a targeted examination warrant— (i) the testing, maintenance or development of apparatus, systems

or other capabilities relating to the selection of relevant contentfor examination, or

(ii) the training of persons who carry out, or are likely to carry out,the selection of relevant content for examination.

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Power to issue warrants

18 Persons who may apply for issue of a warrant

(1) Each of the following is an “intercepting authority” for the purposes of thisPart—

(a) a person who is the head of an intelligence service;(b) the Director General of the National Crime Agency;(c) the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis;(d) the Chief Constable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland;(e) the chief constable of the Police Service of Scotland;(f) the Commissioners for Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs;(g) the Chief of Defence Intelligence;(h) a person who is the competent authority of a country or territory

outside the United Kingdom for the purposes of an EU mutualassistance instrument or an international mutual assistance agreement.

(2) For the meaning of “head of an intelligence service”, see section 263.

(3) An application for the issue of a warrant under this Chapter may only be madeon behalf of an intercepting authority by a person holding office under theCrown.

19 Power of Secretary of State to issue warrants

(1) The Secretary of State may, on an application made by or on behalf of anintercepting authority mentioned in section 18(1)(a) to (g), issue a targetedinterception warrant if—

(a) the Secretary of State considers that the warrant is necessary ongrounds falling within section 20,

(b) the Secretary of State considers that the conduct authorised by thewarrant is proportionate to what is sought to be achieved by thatconduct,

(c) the Secretary of State considers that satisfactory arrangements made forthe purposes of sections 53 and 54 (safeguards relating to disclosureetc.) are in force in relation to the warrant, and

(d) except where the Secretary of State considers that there is an urgentneed to issue the warrant, the decision to issue the warrant has beenapproved by a Judicial Commissioner.

This is subject to subsection (4).

(2) The Secretary of State may, on an application made by or on behalf of the headof an intelligence service, issue a targeted examination warrant if—

(a) the Secretary of State considers that the warrant is necessary ongrounds falling within section 20,

(b) the Secretary of State considers that the conduct authorised by thewarrant is proportionate to what is sought to be achieved by thatconduct,

(c) the Secretary of State considers that the warrant is or may be necessaryto authorise the selection of relevant content for examination in breachof the prohibition in section 152(4) (prohibition on seeking to identifycommunications of individuals in the British Islands), and

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(d) except where the Secretary of State considers that there is an urgentneed to issue the warrant, the decision to issue the warrant has beenapproved by a Judicial Commissioner.

This is subject to subsection (4).

(3) The Secretary of State may, on an application made by or on behalf of anintercepting authority, issue a mutual assistance warrant if—

(a) the Secretary of State considers that the warrant is necessary ongrounds falling within section 20,

(b) the Secretary of State considers that the conduct authorised by thewarrant is proportionate to what is sought to be achieved by thatconduct,

(c) the Secretary of State considers that satisfactory arrangements made forthe purposes of sections 53 and 54 (safeguards relating to disclosureetc.) are in force in relation to the warrant, and

(d) except where the Secretary of State considers that there is an urgentneed to issue the warrant, the decision to issue the warrant has beenapproved by a Judicial Commissioner.

This is subject to subsection (4).

(4) The Secretary of State may not issue a warrant under this section if—(a) the application is a relevant Scottish application (see section 22), and(b) in the case of an application for a targeted interception warrant or a

targeted examination warrant, the Secretary of State considers that thewarrant is necessary only for the purpose of preventing or detectingserious crime.

For the power of the Scottish Ministers to issue warrants under this Chapter,see section 21.

(5) But subsection (4) does not prevent the Secretary of State from doing anythingunder this section for the purposes specified in section 2(2) of the EuropeanCommunities Act 1972.

20 Grounds on which warrants may be issued by Secretary of State

(1) This section has effect for the purposes of this Part.

(2) A targeted interception warrant or targeted examination warrant is necessaryon grounds falling within this section if it is necessary—

(a) in the interests of national security,(b) for the purpose of preventing or detecting serious crime, or(c) in the interests of the economic well-being of the United Kingdom so

far as those interests are also relevant to the interests of nationalsecurity (but see subsection (4)).

(3) A mutual assistance warrant is necessary on grounds falling within this sectionif—

(a) it is necessary for the purpose of giving effect to the provisions of an EUmutual assistance instrument or an international mutual assistanceagreement, and

(b) the circumstances appear to the Secretary of State to be equivalent tothose in which the Secretary of State would issue a warrant by virtue ofsubsection (2)(b).

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(4) A warrant may be considered necessary as mentioned in subsection (2)(c) onlyif the information which it is considered necessary to obtain is informationrelating to the acts or intentions of persons outside the British Islands.

(5) A warrant may not be considered necessary on grounds falling within thissection if it is considered necessary only for the purpose of gathering evidencefor use in any legal proceedings.

(6) The fact that the information which would be obtained under a warrant relatesto the activities in the British Islands of a trade union is not, of itself, sufficientto establish that the warrant is necessary on grounds falling within this section.

21 Power of Scottish Ministers to issue warrants

(1) The Scottish Ministers may, on an application made by or on behalf of anintercepting authority mentioned in section 18(1)(a) to (g), issue a targetedinterception warrant if—

(a) the application is a relevant Scottish application (see section 22),(b) the Scottish Ministers consider that the warrant is necessary on

grounds falling within subsection (4),(c) the Scottish Ministers consider that the conduct authorised by the

warrant is proportionate to what is sought to be achieved by thatconduct,

(d) the Scottish Ministers consider that satisfactory arrangements made forthe purposes of sections 53 and 54 (safeguards relating to disclosureetc.) are in force in relation to the warrant, and

(e) except where the Scottish Ministers consider that there is an urgentneed to issue the warrant, the decision to issue the warrant has beenapproved by a Judicial Commissioner.

(2) The Scottish Ministers may, on an application made by or on behalf of the headof an intelligence service, issue a targeted examination warrant if—

(a) the application is a relevant Scottish application,(b) the Scottish Ministers consider that the warrant is necessary on

grounds falling within subsection (4),(c) the Scottish Ministers consider that the conduct authorised by the

warrant is proportionate to what is sought to be achieved by thatconduct,

(d) the Scottish Ministers consider that the warrant is or may be necessaryto authorise the selection of relevant content for examination in breachof the prohibition in section 152(4) (prohibition on seeking to identifycommunications of individuals in the British Islands), and

(e) except where the Scottish Ministers consider that there is an urgentneed to issue the warrant, the decision to issue the warrant has beenapproved by a Judicial Commissioner.

(3) The Scottish Ministers may, on an application made by or on behalf of anintercepting authority, issue a mutual assistance warrant if—

(a) the application is a relevant Scottish application,(b) the Scottish Ministers consider that the warrant is necessary on

grounds falling within subsection (4),(c) the Scottish Ministers consider that the conduct authorised by the

warrant is proportionate to what is sought to be achieved by thatconduct,

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(d) the Scottish Ministers consider that satisfactory arrangements made forthe purposes of sections 53 and 54 (safeguards relating to disclosureetc.) are in force in relation to the warrant, and

(e) except where the Scottish Ministers consider that there is an urgentneed to issue the warrant, the decision to issue the warrant has beenapproved by a Judicial Commissioner.

(4) A warrant is necessary on grounds falling within this subsection if— (a) in the case of a targeted interception warrant or targeted examination

warrant, it is necessary for the purposes of preventing or detectingserious crime, and

(b) in the case of a mutual assistance warrant—(i) it is necessary for the purpose of giving effect to the provisions

of an EU mutual assistance instrument or an internationalmutual assistance agreement, and

(ii) the circumstances appear to the Scottish Ministers to beequivalent to those in which the Scottish Ministers would issuea warrant by virtue of paragraph (a).

(5) A warrant may not be considered necessary on grounds falling withinsubsection (4) if it is considered necessary only for the purpose of gatheringevidence for use in any legal proceedings.

(6) The fact that the information which would be obtained under a warrant relatesto the activities in the British Islands of a trade union is not, of itself, sufficientto establish that the warrant is necessary on grounds falling within subsection(4).

22 “Relevant Scottish applications”

(1) An application for the issue of a warrant under this Chapter is a “relevantScottish application” for the purposes of this Chapter if any of conditions A toC is met.In this section “the applicant” means the person by whom, or on whose behalf,the application is made.

(2) Condition A is that—(a) the application is for the issue of a targeted interception warrant or a

targeted examination warrant, and(b) the warrant, if issued, would relate to—

(i) a person who is in Scotland, or is reasonably believed by theapplicant to be in Scotland, at the time of the issue of thewarrant, or

(ii) premises which are in Scotland, or are reasonably believed bythe applicant to be in Scotland, at that time.

(3) Condition B is that—(a) the application is for the issue of a mutual assistance warrant which, if

issued, would authorise or require— (i) the making of a request falling within section 15(4)(a), or

(ii) the making of such a request and disclosure falling withinsection 15(4)(c), and

(b) the application—

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(i) is made by, or on behalf of, the chief constable of the PoliceService of Scotland, or

(ii) is made by, or on behalf of, the Commissioners for HerMajesty’s Revenue and Customs or the Director General of theNational Crime Agency for the purpose of preventing ordetecting serious crime in Scotland.

(4) Condition C is that—(a) the application is for the issue of a mutual assistance warrant which, if

issued, would authorise or require— (i) the provision of assistance falling within section 15(4)(b), or

(ii) the provision of such assistance and disclosure falling withinsection 15(4)(c), and

(b) the warrant, if issued, would relate to—(i) a person who is in Scotland, or is reasonably believed by the

applicant to be in Scotland, at the time of the issue of thewarrant, or

(ii) premises which are in Scotland, or are reasonably believed bythe applicant to be in Scotland, at that time.

Approval of warrants by Judicial Commissioners

23 Approval of warrants by Judicial Commissioners

(1) In deciding whether to approve a person’s decision to issue a warrant underthis Chapter, a Judicial Commissioner must review the person’s conclusions asto the following matters—

(a) whether the warrant is necessary on relevant grounds (see subsection(3)), and

(b) whether the conduct that would be authorised by the warrant isproportionate to what is sought to be achieved by that conduct.

(2) In doing so, the Judicial Commissioner must—(a) apply the same principles as would be applied by a court on an

application for judicial review, and(b) consider the matters referred to in subsection (1) with a sufficient

degree of care as to ensure that the Judicial Commissioner complieswith the duties imposed by section 2 (general duties in relation toprivacy).

(3) In subsection (1)(a) “relevant grounds” means—(a) in the case of a decision of the Secretary of State to issue a warrant,

grounds falling within section 20;(b) in the case of a decision of the Scottish Ministers to issue a warrant,

grounds falling within section 21(4).

(4) Where a Judicial Commissioner refuses to approve a person’s decision to issuea warrant under this Chapter, the Judicial Commissioner must give the personwritten reasons for the refusal.

(5) Where a Judicial Commissioner, other than the Investigatory PowersCommissioner, refuses to approve a person’s decision to issue a warrant underthis Chapter, the person may ask the Investigatory Powers Commissioner todecide whether to approve the decision to issue the warrant.

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24 Approval of warrants issued in urgent cases

(1) This section applies where— (a) a warrant under this Chapter is issued without the approval of a

Judicial Commissioner, and(b) the person who decided to issue the warrant considered that there was

an urgent need to issue it.

(2) The person who decided to issue the warrant must inform a JudicialCommissioner that it has been issued.

(3) The Judicial Commissioner must, before the end of the relevant period— (a) decide whether to approve the decision to issue the warrant, and(b) notify the person of the Judicial Commissioner’s decision.

“The relevant period” means the period ending with the third working dayafter the day on which the warrant was issued.

(4) If a Judicial Commissioner refuses to approve the decision to issue a warrant,the warrant—

(a) ceases to have effect (unless already cancelled), and(b) may not be renewed,

and section 23(5) does not apply in relation to the refusal to approve thedecision.

(5) Section 25 contains further provision about what happens if a JudicialCommissioner refuses to approve the decision to issue a warrant.

25 Failure to approve warrant issued in urgent case

(1) This section applies where under section 24(3) a Judicial Commissioner refusesto approve the decision to issue a warrant.

(2) The person to whom the warrant was addressed must, so far as is reasonablypracticable, secure that anything in the process of being done under thewarrant stops as soon as possible.

(3) The Judicial Commissioner may—(a) direct that any of the material obtained under the warrant is destroyed;(b) impose conditions as to the use or retention of any of that material;(c) in the case of a targeted examination warrant, impose conditions as to

the use of any relevant content selected for examination under thewarrant.

(4) The Judicial Commissioner—(a) may require an affected party to make representations about how the

Judicial Commissioner should exercise any function under subsection(3), and

(b) must have regard to any such representations made by an affectedparty (whether or not as a result of a requirement imposed underparagraph (a)).

(5) Each of the following is an “affected party” for the purposes of subsection (4)—(a) the person who decided to issue the warrant;(b) the person to whom the warrant was addressed.

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(6) The person who decided to issue the warrant may ask the InvestigatoryPowers Commissioner to review a decision made by any other JudicialCommissioner under subsection (3).

(7) On a review under subsection (6), the Investigatory Powers Commissionermay—

(a) confirm the Judicial Commissioner’s decision, or(b) make a fresh determination.

(8) Nothing in this section or section 24 affects the lawfulness of— (a) anything done under the warrant before it ceases to have effect;(b) if anything is in the process of being done under the warrant when it

ceases to have effect— (i) anything done before that thing could be stopped, or

(ii) anything done which it is not reasonably practicable to stop.

Additional safeguards

26 Members of Parliament etc.

(1) This section applies where— (a) an application is made to the Secretary of State for the issue of a

targeted interception warrant or a targeted examination warrant, and(b) the purpose of the warrant is—

(i) in the case of a targeted interception warrant, to authorise orrequire the interception of communications sent by, or intendedfor, a person who is a member of a relevant legislature, or

(ii) in the case of a targeted examination warrant, to authorise theselection for examination of the content of suchcommunications.

(2) The Secretary of State may not issue the warrant without the approval of thePrime Minister.

(3) In this section “member of a relevant legislature” means—(a) a member of either House of Parliament;(b) a member of the Scottish Parliament;(c) a member of the National Assembly for Wales;(d) a member of the Northern Ireland Assembly;(e) a member of the European Parliament elected for the United Kingdom.

27 Items subject to legal privilege

(1) Subsections (2) to (5) apply if—(a) an application is made by or on behalf of an intercepting authority for

a warrant under this Chapter, and(b) the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the warrant is—

(i) in the case of a targeted interception warrant or mutualassistance warrant, to authorise or require the interception ofitems subject to legal privilege, or

(ii) in the case of a targeted examination warrant, to authorise theselection of such items for examination.

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(2) The application must contain a statement that the purpose, or one of thepurposes, of the warrant is to authorise or require the interception, or (in thecase of a targeted examination warrant) the selection for examination, of itemssubject to legal privilege.

(3) In deciding whether to issue the warrant, the person to whom the applicationis made must have regard to the public interest in the confidentiality of itemssubject to legal privilege.

(4) The person to whom the application is made may issue the warrant only if theperson considers—

(a) that there are exceptional and compelling circumstances that make itnecessary to authorise or require the interception, or (in the case of atargeted examination warrant) the selection for examination, of itemssubject to legal privilege, and

(b) that the arrangements made for the purposes of section 53 or (as thecase may be) section 150 (safeguards relating to retention anddisclosure of material) include specific arrangements for the handling,retention, use and destruction of such items.

(5) But the warrant may not be issued if it is considered necessary only asmentioned in section 20(2)(c).

(6) For the purposes of subsection (4)(a), there cannot be exceptional andcompelling circumstances that make it necessary to authorise or require theinterception, or the selection for examination, of items subject to legal privilegeunless—

(a) the public interest in obtaining the information that would be obtainedby the warrant outweighs the public interest in the confidentiality ofitems subject to legal privilege,

(b) there are no other means by which the information may reasonably beobtained, and

(c) in the case of a warrant considered necessary as mentioned in section20(2)(b) or (3) or (as the case may be) 21(4), obtaining the information isnecessary for the purpose of preventing death or significant injury.

(7) Subsections (8) and (9) apply if— (a) an application is made by or on behalf of an intercepting authority for

a warrant under this Chapter,(b) the intercepting authority considers that the relevant communications

are likely to include items subject to legal privilege, and(c) subsections (2) to (5) do not apply.

(8) The application must contain—(a) a statement that the intercepting authority considers that the relevant

communications are likely to include items subject to legal privilege,and

(b) an assessment of how likely it is that the relevant communications willinclude such items.

(9) The person to whom the application is made may issue the warrant only if theperson considers that the arrangements made for the purposes of section 53 or(as the case may be) section 150 include specific arrangements for the handling,retention, use and destruction of items subject to legal privilege.

(10) In this section “relevant communications” means—

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(a) in relation to a targeted interception warrant or mutual assistancewarrant, any communications the interception of which is authorisedor required by the warrant;

(b) in relation to a targeted examination warrant, any communications thecontent of which the warrant authorises to be selected for examination.

(11) Subsections (12) and (13) apply if—(a) an application is made by or on behalf of an intercepting authority for

a warrant under this Chapter,(b) the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the warrant is—

(i) in the case of a targeted interception warrant or mutualassistance warrant, to authorise or require the interception ofcommunications that, if they were not made with the intentionof furthering a criminal purpose, would be items subject to legalprivilege, or

(ii) in the case of a targeted examination warrant, to authorise theselection of such communications for examination, and

(c) the intercepting authority considers that the communications (“thetargeted communications”) are likely to be communications made withthe intention of furthering a criminal purpose.

(12) The application must—(a) contain a statement that the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the

warrant is to authorise or require the interception, or (in the case of atargeted examination warrant) the selection for examination, ofcommunications that, if they were not made with the intention offurthering a criminal purpose, would be items subject to legal privilege,and

(b) set out the reasons for believing that the targeted communications arelikely to be communications made with the intention of furthering acriminal purpose.

(13) The person to whom the application is made may issue the warrant only if theperson considers that the targeted communications are likely to becommunications made with the intention of furthering a criminal purpose.

28 Confidential journalistic material

(1) This section applies if—(a) an application is made by or on behalf of an intercepting authority for

a warrant under this Chapter, and(b) the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the warrant is—

(i) in the case of a targeted interception warrant or mutualassistance warrant, to authorise or require the interception ofcommunications which the intercepting authority believes willbe communications containing confidential journalisticmaterial, or

(ii) in the case of a targeted examination warrant, to authorise theselection for examination of journalistic material which theintercepting authority believes is confidential journalisticmaterial.

(2) The application must contain a statement that the purpose, or one of thepurposes, of the warrant is—

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(a) in the case of a targeted interception warrant or mutual assistancewarrant, to authorise or require the interception of communicationswhich the intercepting authority believes will be communicationscontaining confidential journalistic material, or

(b) in the case of a targeted examination warrant, to authorise the selectionfor examination of journalistic material which the interceptingauthority believes is confidential journalistic material.

(3) The person to whom the application is made may issue the warrant only if theperson considers that the arrangements made for the purposes of section 53 or(as the case may be) section 150 (safeguards relating to retention and disclosureof material) include specific arrangements for the handling, retention, use anddestruction of communications containing confidential journalistic material.

(4) For the meaning of “journalistic material” and “confidential journalisticmaterial”, see section 264.

29 Sources of journalistic information

(1) This section applies if— (a) an application is made by or on behalf of an intercepting authority for

a warrant under this Chapter, and(b) the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the warrant is to identify or

confirm a source of journalistic information.(For the meaning of “source of journalistic information”, see section 263(1).)

(2) The application must contain a statement that the purpose, or one of thepurposes, of the warrant is to identify or confirm a source of journalisticinformation.

(3) The person to whom the application is made may issue the warrant only if theperson considers that the arrangements made for the purposes of section 53 or(as the case may be) section 150 (safeguards relating to retention and disclosureof material) include specific arrangements for the handling, retention, use anddestruction of communications that identify sources of journalisticinformation.

Further provision about warrants

30 Decisions to issue warrants to be taken personally by Ministers

(1) The decision to issue a warrant under this Chapter must be taken personallyby—

(a) the Secretary of State, or(b) in the case of a warrant to be issued by the Scottish Ministers, a member

of the Scottish Government.

(2) Before a warrant under this Chapter is issued, it must be signed by the personwho has taken the decision to issue it.

(3) Subsections (1) and (2) are subject to—(a) subsection (4), and(b) section 40 (special rules for certain mutual assistance warrants).

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(4) If it is not reasonably practicable for a warrant to be signed by the person whohas taken the decision to issue it, the warrant may be signed by a senior officialdesignated by the Secretary of State or (as the case may be) the ScottishMinisters for that purpose.

(5) In such a case, the warrant must contain a statement that—(a) it is not reasonably practicable for the warrant to be signed by the

person who took the decision to issue it, and(b) the Secretary of State or (as the case may be) a member of the Scottish

Government has personally and expressly authorised the issue of thewarrant.

(6) In this section “senior official” means—(a) in the case of a warrant to be issued by the Secretary of State, a member

of the Senior Civil Service or a member of the Senior ManagementStructure of Her Majesty’s Diplomatic Service;

(b) in the case of a warrant to be issued by the Scottish Ministers, a memberof the staff of the Scottish Administration who is a member of the SeniorCivil Service.

31 Requirements that must be met by warrants

(1) A warrant under this Chapter must contain a provision stating whether it is atargeted interception warrant, a targeted examination warrant or a mutualassistance warrant.

(2) A warrant issued under this Chapter must be addressed to the person bywhom, or on whose behalf, the application for the warrant was made.

(3) A warrant that relates to a particular person or organisation, or to a single setof premises, must name or describe that person or organisation or thosepremises.

(4) A warrant that relates to a group of persons who share a common purpose orwho carry on (or may carry on) a particular activity must—

(a) describe that purpose or activity, and(b) name or describe as many of those persons as it is reasonably

practicable to name or describe.

(5) A warrant that relates to more than one person or organisation, or more thanone set of premises, where the conduct authorised or required by the warrantis for the purposes of a single investigation or operation, must—

(a) describe the investigation or operation, and(b) name or describe as many of those persons or organisations, or as many

of those sets of premises, as it is reasonably practicable to name ordescribe.

(6) A warrant that relates to any testing or training activities must—(a) describe those activities, and(b) name or describe as many of the persons within subsection (7) as it is

reasonably practicable to name or describe.“Testing or training activities” has the meaning given by section 17(3).

(7) A person is within this subsection if—(a) in the case of a targeted interception warrant—

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(i) communications from, or intended for, the person will or maybe intercepted by an interception authorised or required by thewarrant, or

(ii) secondary data will or may be obtained under the warrant fromcommunications from, or intended for, the person;

(b) in the case of a targeted examination warrant, the content ofcommunications from, or intended for, the person may be selected forexamination under the warrant.

(8) Where— (a) a targeted interception warrant or mutual assistance warrant

authorises or requires the interception of communications described inthe warrant, or the obtaining of secondary data from suchcommunications, or

(b) a targeted examination warrant authorises the selection of the contentof communications for examination,

the warrant must specify the addresses, numbers, apparatus, or other factors,or combination of factors, that are to be used for identifying thecommunications.

(9) Any factor, or combination of factors, specified in accordance with subsection(8) must be one that identifies communications which are likely to be or toinclude—

(a) communications from, or intended for, any person or organisationnamed or described in the warrant, or

(b) communications originating on, or intended for transmission to, anypremises named or described in the warrant.

(10) In this section any reference to communications from, or intended for, a personor organisation includes communications from, or intended for, anythingowned, controlled or operated by that person or organisation.

32 Duration of warrants

(1) A warrant under this Chapter ceases to have effect at the end of the relevantperiod (see subsection (2)), unless—

(a) it is renewed before the end of that period (see section 33), or(b) it is cancelled or otherwise ceases to have effect before the end of that

period (see sections 24 and 39).

(2) In this section “the relevant period”—(a) in the case of an urgent warrant which has not been renewed, means the

period ending with the fifth working day after the day on which thewarrant was issued;

(b) in any other case, means the period of 6 months beginning with— (i) the day on which the warrant was issued, or

(ii) in the case of a warrant that has been renewed, the day after theday at the end of which the warrant would have ceased to haveeffect if it had not been renewed.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2)(a) a warrant is an “urgent warrant” if—(a) the warrant was issued without the approval of a Judicial

Commissioner, and

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(b) the person who decided to issue the warrant considered that there wasan urgent need to issue it.

33 Renewal of warrants

(1) If the renewal conditions are met, a warrant issued under this Chapter may berenewed, at any time during the renewal period, by an instrument issued bythe appropriate person (see subsection (3)).

(2) The renewal conditions are—(a) that the appropriate person considers that the warrant continues to be

necessary on any relevant grounds (see subsection (4)),(b) that the appropriate person considers that the conduct that would be

authorised by the renewed warrant continues to be proportionate towhat is sought to be achieved by that conduct,

(c) that, in the case of a targeted examination warrant, the appropriateperson considers that the warrant continues to be necessary toauthorise the selection of relevant content for examination in breach ofthe prohibition in section 152(4), and

(d) that the decision to renew the warrant has been approved by a JudicialCommissioner.

(3) The appropriate person is—(a) in the case of a warrant issued by the Secretary of State, the Secretary of

State;(b) in the case of a warrant issued by the Scottish Ministers, a member of

the Scottish Government.

(4) “Relevant grounds” means—(a) in the case of a warrant issued by the Secretary of State, grounds falling

within section 20;(b) in the case of a warrant issued by the Scottish Ministers, grounds falling

within section 21(4).

(5) “The renewal period” means—(a) in the case of an urgent warrant which has not been renewed, the

relevant period;(b) in any other case, the period of 30 days ending with the day at the end

of which the warrant would otherwise cease to have effect.

(6) The decision to renew a warrant must be taken personally by the appropriateperson, and the instrument renewing the warrant must be signed by thatperson.

(7) Section 23 (approval of warrants by Judicial Commissioners) applies in relationto a decision to renew a warrant as it applies in relation to a decision to issue awarrant (and accordingly any reference in that section to the person whodecided to issue the warrant is to be read as a reference to the person whodecided to renew it).

(8) Sections 26 to 29 (additional safeguards) apply in relation to a decision torenew a warrant as they apply in relation to a decision to issue a warrant.

(9) In this section—“the relevant period” has the same meaning as in section 32;

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“urgent warrant” is to be read in accordance with subsection (3) of thatsection.

(10) This section is subject to section 40 (special rules for certain mutual assistancewarrants).

34 Modification of warrants

(1) The provisions of a warrant issued under this Chapter may be modified at anytime by an instrument issued by the person making the modification.

(2) The only modifications that may be made under this section are—(a) adding, varying or removing the name or description of a person,

organisation or set of premises to which the warrant relates, and(b) adding, varying or removing any factor specified in the warrant in

accordance with section 31(8).

(3) But a warrant may not be modified as mentioned in subsection (2)(a) if it relatesonly to a particular person or organisation, or to a single set of premises, asmentioned in section 17(1).

(4) The decision to modify the provisions of a warrant must be taken personallyby the person making the modification, and the instrument making themodification must be signed by that person.This is subject to section 36(8).

(5) In this Chapter—(a) a modification adding or varying a name or description as mentioned

in paragraph (a) of subsection (2) is referred to as a “majormodification”, and

(b) any other modification within that subsection is referred to as a “minormodification”.

(6) Nothing in this section applies in relation to modifying the provisions of awarrant in a way which does not affect the conduct authorised or required byit.

(7) Sections 35 to 38 contain further provision about making modifications underthis section.

35 Persons who may make modifications

(1) A major modification may be made by—(a) the Secretary of State, in the case of a warrant issued by the Secretary of

State,(b) a member of the Scottish Government, in the case of a warrant issued

by the Scottish Ministers, or(c) a senior official acting on behalf of the Secretary of State or (as the case

may be) the Scottish Ministers.

(2) A minor modification may be made by—(a) the Secretary of State, in the case of a warrant issued by the Secretary of

State,(b) a member of the Scottish Government, in the case of a warrant issued

by the Scottish Ministers,

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(c) a senior official acting on behalf of the Secretary of State or (as the casemay be) the Scottish Ministers,

(d) the person to whom the warrant is addressed, or(e) a person who holds a senior position in the same public authority as the

person mentioned in paragraph (d).

(3) But if a person within subsection (2)(d) or (e) considers that there is an urgentneed to make a major modification, that person (as well as a person withinsubsection (1)) may do so.Section 38 contains provision about the approval of major modifications madein urgent cases.

(4) Subsections (1) and (3) are subject to section 36(5) and (6) (special rules whereany of sections 26 to 29 applies in relation to the making of a majormodification).

(5) Subsections (2)(d) and (e) and (3) do not apply in the case of a mutual assistancewarrant addressed to a person falling within section 18(1)(h) (competentauthorities of overseas countries or territories).

(6) For the purposes of subsection (2)(e) a person holds a senior position in a publicauthority if—

(a) in the case of any of the intelligence services— (i) the person is a member of the Senior Civil Service or a member

of the Senior Management Structure of Her Majesty’sDiplomatic Service, or

(ii) the person holds a position in the intelligence service ofequivalent seniority to such a person;

(b) in the case of the National Crime Agency, the person is a NationalCrime Agency officer of grade 2 or above;

(c) in the case of the metropolitan police force, the Police Service ofNorthern Ireland or the Police Service of Scotland, a person is of orabove the rank of superintendent;

(d) in the case of Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs, the person is amember of the Senior Civil Service;

(e) in the case of the Ministry of Defence— (i) the person is a member of the Senior Civil Service, or

(ii) the person is of or above the rank of brigadier, commodore orair commodore.

(7) In this section “senior official” means—(a) in the case of a warrant issued by the Secretary of State, a member of the

Senior Civil Service or a member of the Senior Management Structureof Her Majesty’s Diplomatic Service;

(b) in the case of a warrant issued by the Scottish Ministers, a member ofthe staff of the Scottish Administration who is a member of the SeniorCivil Service.

36 Further provision about modifications

(1) A person may make a modification within subsection (2) only if the personconsiders—

(a) that the modification is necessary on any relevant grounds (seesubsection (3)), and

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(b) that the conduct authorised by the modification is proportionate towhat is sought to be achieved by that conduct.

(2) The modifications within this subsection are—(a) a major modification adding the name or description of a person,

organisation or set of premises to which the warrant relates, and(b) a minor modification adding any factor specified in the warrant in

accordance with section 31(8).

(3) In subsection (1)(a) “relevant grounds” means—(a) in the case of a warrant issued by the Secretary of State, grounds falling

within section 20;(b) in the case of a warrant issued by the Scottish Ministers, grounds falling

within section 21(4);and for the purposes of subsection (1) any reference to the Secretary of State insection 20(3)(b) or the Scottish Ministers in section 21(4)(b) is to be read as areference to the person making the modification.

(4) Sections 26 to 29 (additional safeguards) apply in relation to the making of amajor modification within subsection (2)(a) above as they apply in relation tothe issuing of a warrant.

(5) Where section 26 applies in relation to the making of a major modification—(a) the modification must be made by the Secretary of State, and(b) the modification has effect only if the decision to make the modification

has been approved by a Judicial Commissioner.

(6) Where section 27, 28 or 29 applies in relation to the making of a majormodification—

(a) the modification must be made by— (i) the Secretary of State or (in the case of a warrant issued by the

Scottish Ministers) a member of the Scottish Government, or(ii) if a senior official acting on behalf of a person within sub-

paragraph (i) considers that there is an urgent need to make themodification, that senior official, and

(b) except where the person making the modification considers that thereis an urgent need to make it, the modification has effect only if thedecision to make the modification has been approved by a JudicialCommissioner.

(7) In a case where any of sections 26 to 29 applies in relation to the making of amajor modification, section 23 (approval of warrants by JudicialCommissioners) applies in relation to the decision to make the modification asit applies in relation to a decision to issue a warrant, but as if—

(a) the references in subsection (1)(a) and (b) of that section to the warrantwere references to the modification,

(b) any reference to the person who decided to issue the warrant were areference to the person who decided to make the modification, and

(c) subsection (3) of this section applied for the purposes of subsection (1)of that section as it applies for the purposes of subsection (1) of thissection.

Section 38 contains provision about the approval of major modifications madein urgent cases.

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(8) If, in a case where any of sections 26 to 29 applies in relation to the making ofa major modification, it is not reasonably practicable for the instrument makingthe modification to be signed by the Secretary of State or (as the case may be) amember of the Scottish Government in accordance with section 34(4), theinstrument may be signed by a senior official designated by the Secretary ofState or (as the case may be) the Scottish Ministers for that purpose.

(9) In such a case, the instrument making the modification must contain astatement that—

(a) it is not reasonably practicable for the instrument to be signed by theperson who took the decision to make the modification, and

(b) the Secretary of State or (as the case may be) a member of the ScottishGovernment has personally and expressly authorised the making of themodification.

(10) If at any time a person mentioned in section 35(2) considers that any factorspecified in a warrant in accordance with section 31(8) is no longer relevant foridentifying communications which, in the case of that warrant, are likely to be,or to include, communications falling within section 31(9)(a) or (b), the personmust modify the warrant by removing that factor.

(11) In this section “senior official” has the same meaning as in section 35.

37 Notification of major modifications

(1) As soon as is reasonably practicable after a person makes a major modificationof a warrant under this Chapter, a Judicial Commissioner must be notified ofthe modification and the reasons for making it.

(2) But subsection (1) does not apply where—(a) the modification is made by virtue of section 35(3), or(b) any of sections 26 to 29 applies in relation to the making of the

modification.

(3) Where a major modification is made by a senior official in accordance withsection 35(1) or section 36(6)(a)(ii), the Secretary of State or (in the case of awarrant issued by the Scottish Ministers) a member of the Scottish Governmentmust be notified personally of the modification and the reasons for making it.

(4) In this section “senior official” has the same meaning as in section 35.

38 Approval of major modifications made in urgent cases

(1) This section applies where a person makes a major modification of a warrantunder this Chapter by virtue of section 35(3).

(2) This section also applies where—(a) section 27, 28 or 29 applies in relation to the making of a major

modification of a warrant under this Chapter,(b) the person making the modification does so without the approval of a

Judicial Commissioner, and(c) the person considered that there was an urgent need to make the

modification.

(3) The person who made the modification must inform the appropriate personthat it has been made.

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(4) In this section—“the appropriate person” is—

(a) in a case falling within subsection (1), a designated seniorofficial, and

(b) in a case falling within subsection (2), a Judicial Commissioner,“designated senior official” means a senior official who has been

designated by the Secretary of State or (in the case of warrants issuedby the Scottish Ministers) the Scottish Ministers for the purposes of thissection, and

“senior official” has the same meaning as in section 35.

(5) The appropriate person must, before the end of the relevant period— (a) decide whether to approve the decision to make the modification, and(b) notify the person of the appropriate person’s decision.

“The relevant period” means the period ending with the third working dayafter the day on which the modification was made.

(6) As soon as is reasonably practicable after a designated senior official makes adecision under subsection (5)—

(a) a Judicial Commissioner must be notified of— (i) the decision, and

(ii) if the senior official has decided to approve the decision to makethe modification, the modification in question, and

(b) the Secretary of State or (in the case of a warrant issued by the ScottishMinisters) a member of the Scottish Government must be notifiedpersonally of the matters mentioned in paragraph (a)(i) and (ii).

(7) If the appropriate person refuses to approve the decision to make themodification—

(a) the warrant (unless it no longer has effect) has effect as if themodification had not been made, and

(b) the person to whom the warrant is addressed must, so far as isreasonably practicable, secure that anything in the process of beingdone under the warrant by virtue of that modification stops as soon aspossible,

and, in a case falling within subsection (2) above, section 23(5) does not applyin relation to the refusal to approve the decision.

(8) Nothing in this section affects the lawfulness of— (a) anything done under the warrant by virtue of the modification before

the modification ceases to have effect;(b) if anything is in the process of being done under the warrant by virtue

of the modification when the modification ceases to have effect— (i) anything done before that thing could be stopped, or

(ii) anything done which it is not reasonably practicable to stop.

39 Cancellation of warrants

(1) Any of the appropriate persons may cancel a warrant issued under thisChapter at any time.

(2) If any of the appropriate persons considers that—

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(a) a warrant issued under this Chapter is no longer necessary on anyrelevant grounds, or

(b) the conduct authorised by the warrant is no longer proportionate towhat is sought to be achieved by that conduct,

the person must cancel the warrant.

(3) In subsection (2)(a) “relevant grounds” means—(a) in the case of a warrant issued by the Secretary of State, grounds falling

within section 20;(b) in the case of a warrant issued by the Scottish Ministers, grounds falling

within section 21(4).

(4) For the purpose of this section “the appropriate persons” are—(a) in the case of a warrant issued by the Secretary of State, the Secretary of

State or a senior official acting on behalf of the Secretary of State;(b) in the case of a warrant issued by the Scottish Ministers, a member of

the Scottish Government or a senior official acting on behalf of theScottish Ministers.

(5) Where a warrant is cancelled under this section, the person to whom thewarrant was addressed must, so far as is reasonably practicable, secure thatanything in the process of being done under the warrant stops as soon aspossible.

(6) A warrant that has been cancelled under this section may not be renewed.

(7) In this section “senior official” means—(a) in the case of a warrant issued by the Secretary of State, a member of the

Senior Civil Service or a member of the Senior Management Structureof Her Majesty’s Diplomatic Service;

(b) in the case of a warrant issued by the Scottish Ministers, a member ofthe staff of the Scottish Administration who is a member of the SeniorCivil Service.

(8) See also section 40 (which imposes a duty to cancel mutual assistance warrantsin certain circumstances).

40 Special rules for certain mutual assistance warrants

(1) For the purposes of this section a warrant is a “relevant mutual assistancewarrant” if—

(a) the warrant is for the purposes of a request for assistance made underan EU mutual assistance instrument or an international mutualassistance agreement by the competent authorities of a country orterritory outside the United Kingdom, and

(b) either— (i) it appears that the interception subject is outside the United

Kingdom, or(ii) the interception authorised or required by the warrant is to take

place in relation only to premises outside the United Kingdom.

(2) The decision to issue a relevant mutual assistance warrant may be taken by asenior official designated by the Secretary of State for that purpose.

(3) In such a case, the warrant must contain—

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(a) a statement that the warrant is issued for the purposes of a request forassistance made under an EU mutual assistance instrument or aninternational mutual assistance agreement (as the case may be) by thecompetent authorities of a country or territory outside the UnitedKingdom, and

(b) whichever of the following statements is applicable— (i) a statement that the interception subject appears to be outside

the United Kingdom;(ii) a statement that the interception authorised or required by the

warrant is to take place in relation only to premises outside theUnited Kingdom.

(4) A relevant mutual assistance warrant may be renewed by a senior officialdesignated by the Secretary of State for that purpose; and references in section33 to the appropriate person include, in the case of such a warrant, referencesto that senior official.

(5) Where a senior official renews a relevant mutual assistance warrant inaccordance with subsection (4), the instrument renewing the warrant mustcontain—

(a) a statement that the renewal is for the purposes of a request forassistance made under an EU mutual assistance instrument or aninternational mutual assistance agreement (as the case may be) by thecompetent authorities of a country or territory outside the UnitedKingdom, and

(b) whichever of the following statements is applicable— (i) a statement that the interception subject appears to be outside

the United Kingdom;(ii) a statement that the interception authorised or required by the

warrant is to take place in relation only to premises outside theUnited Kingdom.

(6) Subsection (7) applies in a case where— (a) a relevant mutual assistance warrant—

(i) was issued containing the statement set out in subsection(3)(b)(i), or

(ii) has been renewed by an instrument containing the statementset out in subsection (5)(b)(i), and

(b) the last renewal (if any) of the warrant was a renewal by a senior officialin accordance with subsection (4).

(7) If the Secretary of State, or a senior official acting on behalf of the Secretary ofState, believes that the person, group or organisation named or described in thewarrant as the interception subject is in the United Kingdom, that person mustcancel the warrant under section 39.

(8) In this section— “the interception subject”, in relation to a warrant, means the person,

group of persons or organisation to which the warrant relates;“senior official” means a member of the Senior Civil Service or a member

of the Senior Management Structure of Her Majesty’s DiplomaticService.

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Implementation of warrants

41 Implementation of warrants

(1) This section applies to targeted interception warrants and mutual assistancewarrants.

(2) In giving effect to a warrant to which this section applies, the person to whomit is addressed (“the intercepting authority”) may (in addition to acting alone)act through, or together with, such other persons as the intercepting authoritymay require (whether under subsection (3) or otherwise) to provide theauthority with assistance in giving effect to the warrant.

(3) For the purpose of requiring any person to provide assistance in relation to awarrant to which this section applies, the intercepting authority may—

(a) serve a copy of the warrant on any person who the interceptingauthority considers may be able to provide such assistance, or

(b) make arrangements for the service of a copy of the warrant on any suchperson.

(4) A copy of a warrant may be served under subsection (3) on a person outsidethe United Kingdom for the purpose of requiring the person to provide suchassistance in the form of conduct outside the United Kingdom.

(5) For the purposes of this Act, the provision of assistance in giving effect to awarrant to which this section applies includes any disclosure to theintercepting authority, or to persons acting on behalf of the interceptingauthority, of anything obtained under the warrant.

(6) References in this section and sections 42 and 43 to the service of a copy of awarrant include—

(a) the service of a copy of one or more schedules contained in the warrantwith the omission of the remainder of the warrant, and

(b) the service of a copy of the warrant with the omission of any schedulecontained in the warrant.

42 Service of warrants

(1) This section applies to the service of warrants under section 41(3).

(2) A copy of the warrant must be served in such a way as to bring the contents ofthe warrant to the attention of the person who the intercepting authorityconsiders may be able to provide assistance in relation to it.

(3) A copy of a warrant may be served on a person outside the United Kingdom inany of the following ways (as well as by electronic or other means of service)—

(a) by serving it at the person’s principal office within the United Kingdomor, if the person has no such office in the United Kingdom, at any placein the United Kingdom where the person carries on business orconducts activities;

(b) if the person has specified an address in the United Kingdom as one atwhich the person, or someone on the person’s behalf, will acceptservice of documents of the same description as a copy of a warrant, byserving it at that address;

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(c) by making it available for inspection (whether to the person or tosomeone acting on the person’s behalf) at a place in the UnitedKingdom (but this is subject to subsection (4)).

(4) A copy of a warrant may be served on a person outside the United Kingdom inthe way mentioned in subsection (3)(c) only if—

(a) it is not reasonably practicable for a copy to be served by any othermeans (whether as mentioned in subsection (3)(a) or (b) or otherwise),and

(b) the intercepting authority takes such steps as the authority considersappropriate for the purpose of bringing the contents of the warrant, andthe availability of a copy for inspection, to the attention of the person.

(5) The steps mentioned in subsection (4)(b) must be taken as soon as reasonablypracticable after the copy of the warrant is made available for inspection.

(6) In this section “the intercepting authority” has the same meaning as in section41.

43 Duty of operators to assist with implementation

(1) A relevant operator that has been served with a copy of a warrant to whichsection 41 applies by (or on behalf of) the intercepting authority must take allsteps for giving effect to the warrant that are notified to the relevant operatorby (or on behalf of) the intercepting authority.This is subject to subsection (4).

(2) In this section—“relevant operator” means a postal operator or a telecommunications

operator;“the intercepting authority” has the same meaning as in section 41.

(3) Subsection (1) applies whether or not the relevant operator is in the UnitedKingdom.

(4) The relevant operator is not required to take any steps which it is notreasonably practicable for the relevant operator to take.

(5) In determining for the purposes of subsection (4) whether it is reasonablypracticable for a relevant operator outside the United Kingdom to take anysteps in a country or territory outside the United Kingdom for giving effect toa warrant, the matters to be taken into account include the following—

(a) any requirements or restrictions under the law of that country orterritory that are relevant to the taking of those steps, and

(b) the extent to which it is reasonably practicable to give effect to thewarrant in a way that does not breach any of those requirements orrestrictions.

(6) Where obligations have been imposed on a relevant operator (“P”) undersection 253 (technical capability notices), for the purposes of subsection (4) thesteps which it is reasonably practicable for P to take include every step whichit would have been reasonably practicable for P to take if P had complied withall of those obligations.

(7) A person who knowingly fails to comply with subsection (1) is guilty of anoffence and liable—

(a) on summary conviction in England and Wales—

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(i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months (or 6months, if the offence was committed before thecommencement of section 154(1) of the Criminal Justice Act2003), or

(ii) to a fine,or to both;

(b) on summary conviction in Scotland— (i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months, or

(ii) to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum,or to both;

(c) on summary conviction in Northern Ireland— (i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months, or

(ii) to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum,or to both;

(d) on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding2 years or to a fine, or to both.

(8) The duty imposed by subsection (1) is enforceable (whether or not the personis in the United Kingdom) by civil proceedings by the Secretary of State for aninjunction, or for specific performance of a statutory duty under section 45 ofthe Court of Session Act 1988, or for any other appropriate relief.

CHAPTER 2

OTHER FORMS OF LAWFUL INTERCEPTION

Interception with consent

44 Interception with the consent of the sender or recipient

(1) The interception of a communication is authorised by this section if the senderand the intended recipient of the communication have each consented to itsinterception.

(2) The interception of a communication is authorised by this section if— (a) the communication is one sent by, or intended for, a person who has

consented to the interception, and(b) surveillance by means of that interception has been authorised under—

(i) Part 2 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000, or(ii) the Regulation of Investigatory Powers (Scotland) Act 2000

(2000 asp 11).

Interception for administrative or enforcement purposes

45 Interception by providers of postal or telecommunications services

(1) The interception of a communication is authorised by this section if theinterception is carried out—

(a) by, or on behalf of, a person who provides a postal service or atelecommunications service, and

(b) for any of the purposes in subsection (2).

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(2) The purposes referred to in subsection (1) are—(a) purposes relating to the provision or operation of the service;(b) purposes relating to the enforcement, in relation to the service, of any

enactment relating to— (i) the use of postal or telecommunications services, or

(ii) the content of communications transmitted by means of suchservices;

(c) purposes relating to the provision of services or facilities aimed atpreventing or restricting the viewing or publication of the content ofcommunications transmitted by means of postal ortelecommunications services.

(3) A reference in this section to anything carried out for purposes relating to theprovision or operation of a telecommunications service includes, among otherthings, a reference to anything done for the purposes of identifying, combatingor preventing anything which could affect—

(a) any telecommunication system by means of which the service isprovided, or

(b) any apparatus attached to such a system.

46 Interception by businesses etc. for monitoring and record-keeping purposes

(1) Conduct is authorised by this section if it is authorised by regulations madeunder subsection (2).

(2) The Secretary of State may by regulations authorise conduct of a descriptionspecified in the regulations if that conduct appears to the Secretary of State toconstitute a legitimate practice reasonably required for the purpose, inconnection with the carrying on of any relevant activities (see subsection (4)),of monitoring or keeping a record of—

(a) communications by means of which transactions are entered into in thecourse of the relevant activities, or

(b) other communications relating to the relevant activities or taking placein the course of the carrying on of those activities.

(3) But nothing in any regulations under subsection (2) may authorise theinterception of any communication except in the course of its transmissionusing apparatus or services provided by or to the person carrying on therelevant activities for use (whether wholly or partly) in connection with thoseactivities.

(4) In this section “relevant activities” means— (a) any business,(b) any activities of a government department, the Welsh Government, a

Northern Ireland department or any part of the ScottishAdministration,

(c) any activities of a public authority, and(d) any activities of any person or office holder on whom functions are

conferred by or under any enactment.

47 Postal services: interception for enforcement purposes

(1) The interception of a communication in the course of its transmission by meansof a public postal service is authorised by this section if it is carried out by an

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officer of Revenue and Customs under section 159 of the Customs and ExciseManagement Act 1979, as applied by virtue of—

(a) section 105 of the Postal Services Act 2000 (power to open postal itemsetc.), or

(b) that section and another enactment.

(2) The interception of a communication in the course of its transmission by meansof a public postal service is authorised by this section if it is carried out underparagraph 9 of Schedule 7 to the Terrorism Act 2000 (port and border controls).

48 Interception by OFCOM in connection with wireless telegraphy

(1) Conduct falling within subsection (2) is authorised by this section if it is carriedout by OFCOM for purposes connected with a relevant matter (see subsection(3)).

(2) The conduct referred to in subsection (1) is—(a) the interception of a communication in the course of its transmission by

means of a telecommunication system;(b) the obtaining, by or in connection with the interception, of information

about the sender or recipient, or intended recipient, of thecommunication (whether or not a person);

(c) the disclosure of anything obtained by conduct falling withinparagraph (a) or (b).

(3) Each of the following is a relevant matter for the purposes of subsection (1)—(a) the grant of wireless telegraphy licences under the Wireless Telegraphy

Act 2006 (“the 2006 Act”);(b) the prevention or detection of anything which constitutes interference

with wireless telegraphy;(c) the enforcement of—

(i) any provision of Part 2 (other than Chapter 2 and sections 27 to31) or Part 3 of the 2006 Act, or

(ii) any enactment not falling within sub-paragraph (i) that relatesto interference with wireless telegraphy.

(4) In this section— “interference”, in relation to wireless telegraphy, has the same meaning as

in the Wireless Telegraphy Act 2006 (see section 115(3) of that Act);“OFCOM” means the Office of Communications established by section 1

of the Office of Communications Act 2002;“wireless telegraphy” has the same meaning as in the Wireless Telegraphy

Act 2006 (see section 116 of that Act).

Interception taking place in certain institutions

49 Interception in prisons

(1) Conduct taking place in a prison is authorised by this section if it is conduct inexercise of any power conferred by or under prison rules.

(2) In this section “prison rules” means any rules made under— (a) section 47 of the Prison Act 1952,

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(b) section 39 of the Prisons (Scotland) Act 1989, or(c) section 13 of the Prison Act (Northern Ireland) 1953.

(3) In this section “prison” means— (a) any prison, young offender institution, young offenders centre, secure

training centre, secure college or remand centre which— (i) is under the general superintendence of, or is provided by, the

Secretary of State under the Prison Act 1952, or(ii) is under the general superintendence of, or is provided by, the

Department of Justice in Northern Ireland under the Prison Act(Northern Ireland) 1953, or

(b) any prison, young offenders institution or remand centre which isunder the general superintendence of the Scottish Ministers under thePrisons (Scotland) Act 1989,

and includes any contracted out prison, within the meaning of Part 4 of theCriminal Justice Act 1991 or section 106(4) of the Criminal Justice and PublicOrder Act 1994, and any legalised police cells within the meaning of section 14of the Prisons (Scotland) Act 1989.

50 Interception in psychiatric hospitals etc.

(1) Conduct is authorised by this section if— (a) it takes place in any hospital premises where high security psychiatric

services are provided, and(b) it is conduct in pursuance of, and in accordance with, any relevant

direction given to the body providing those services at those premises.

(2) “Relevant direction” means—(a) a direction under section 4(3A)(a) of the National Health Service Act

2006, or(b) a direction under section 19 or 23 of the National Health Service (Wales)

Act 2006.

(3) Conduct is authorised by this section if— (a) it takes place in a state hospital, and(b) it is conduct in pursuance of, and in accordance with, any direction

given to the State Hospitals Board for Scotland under section 2(5) of theNational Health Service (Scotland) Act 1978 (regulations and directionsas to the exercise of their functions by health boards).

The reference to section 2(5) of that Act is to that provision as applied by Article5(1) of, and the Schedule to, the State Hospitals Board for Scotland Order 1995(which applies certain provisions of that Act to the State Hospitals Board).

(4) Conduct is authorised by this section if it is conduct in exercise of any powerconferred by or under—

(a) section 281 of the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act2003 (2003 asp 13) (power to withhold correspondence of certainpersons detained in hospital), or

(b) section 284 of that Act (powers relating to the use of telephones bycertain persons detained in hospital).

(5) In this section—“high security psychiatric services” has the same meaning as in section 4

of the National Health Service Act 2006;

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“hospital premises” has the same meaning as in section 4(3) of that Act;“state hospital” has the same meaning as in the National Health Service

(Scotland) Act 1978.

51 Interception in immigration detention facilities

(1) Conduct taking place in immigration detention facilities is authorised by thissection if it is conduct in exercise of any power conferred by or under relevantrules.

(2) In this section—“immigration detention facilities” means any removal centre, short-term

holding facility or pre-departure accommodation;“removal centre”, “short-term holding facility” and “pre-departure

accommodation” have the meaning given by section 147 of theImmigration and Asylum Act 1999;

“relevant rules” means—(a) in the case of a removal centre, rules made under section 153 of

that Act;(b) in the case of a short-term holding facility, rules made under, or

having effect by virtue of, section 157 of that Act;(c) in the case of pre-departure accommodation, rules made under,

or having effect by virtue of, section 157A of that Act.

Interception in accordance with overseas requests

52 Interception in accordance with overseas requests

(1) The interception of a communication in the course of its transmission by meansof a telecommunication system is authorised by this section if conditions A toD are met.

(2) Condition A is that the interception— (a) is carried out by or on behalf of a telecommunications operator, and(b) relates to the use of a telecommunications service provided by the

telecommunications operator.

(3) Condition B is that the interception is carried out in response to a request madein accordance with a relevant international agreement by the competentauthorities of a country or territory outside the United Kingdom.In this subsection “relevant international agreement” means an internationalagreement to which the United Kingdom is a party and which is designated asa relevant international agreement by regulations made by the Secretary ofState.

(4) Condition C is that the interception is carried out for the purpose of obtaininginformation about the communications of an individual—

(a) who is outside the United Kingdom, or(b) who each of the following persons believes is outside the United

Kingdom—(i) the person making the request;

(ii) the person carrying out the interception.

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(5) Condition D is that any further conditions specified in regulations made by theSecretary of State for the purposes of this section are met.

CHAPTER 3

OTHER PROVISIONS ABOUT INTERCEPTION

Restrictions on use or disclosure of material obtained under warrants etc.

53 Safeguards relating to retention and disclosure of material

(1) The issuing authority must ensure, in relation to every targeted interceptionwarrant or mutual assistance warrant issued by that authority, thatarrangements are in force for securing that the requirements of subsections (2)and (5) are met in relation to the material obtained under the warrant.This is subject to subsection (9).

(2) The requirements of this subsection are met in relation to the material obtainedunder a warrant if each of the following is limited to the minimum that isnecessary for the authorised purposes (see subsection (3))—

(a) the number of persons to whom any of the material is disclosed orotherwise made available;

(b) the extent to which any of the material is disclosed or otherwise madeavailable;

(c) the extent to which any of the material is copied;(d) the number of copies that are made.

(3) For the purposes of this section something is necessary for the authorisedpurposes if, and only if—

(a) it is, or is likely to become, necessary on any of the grounds fallingwithin section 20 on which a warrant under Chapter 1 of this Part maybe necessary,

(b) it is necessary for facilitating the carrying out of any functions underthis Act of the Secretary of State, the Scottish Ministers or the person towhom the warrant is or was addressed,

(c) it is necessary for facilitating the carrying out of any functions of theJudicial Commissioners or the Investigatory Powers Tribunal under orin relation to this Act,

(d) it is necessary to ensure that a person (“P”) who is conducting acriminal prosecution has the information P needs to determine what isrequired of P by P’s duty to secure the fairness of the prosecution, or

(e) it is necessary for the performance of any duty imposed on any personby the Public Records Act 1958 or the Public Records Act (NorthernIreland) 1923.

(4) The arrangements for the time being in force under this section for securingthat the requirements of subsection (2) are met in relation to the materialobtained under the warrant must include arrangements for securing that everycopy made of any of that material is stored, for so long as it is retained, in asecure manner.

(5) The requirements of this subsection are met in relation to the material obtainedunder a warrant if every copy made of any of that material (if not destroyed

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earlier) is destroyed as soon as there are no longer any relevant grounds forretaining it (see subsection (6)).

(6) For the purposes of subsection (5), there are no longer any relevant grounds forretaining a copy of any material if, and only if—

(a) its retention is not necessary, or not likely to become necessary, on anyof the grounds falling within section 20 on which a warrant underChapter 1 of this Part may be necessary, and

(b) its retention is not necessary for any of the purposes mentioned inparagraphs (b) to (e) of subsection (3) above.

(7) Where— (a) a communication which has been intercepted in accordance with a

targeted interception warrant or mutual assistance warrant is retained,following its examination, for purposes other than the destruction ofthe communication, and

(b) it is a communication that contains confidential journalistic material oridentifies a source of journalistic information,

the person to whom the warrant is addressed must inform the InvestigatoryPowers Commissioner as soon as is reasonably practicable.

(8) Subsection (9) applies if— (a) any material obtained under the warrant has been handed over to any

overseas authorities, or(b) a copy of any such material has been given to any overseas authorities.

(9) To the extent that the requirements of subsections (2) and (5) relate to any ofthe material mentioned in subsection (8)(a), or to the copy mentioned insubsection (8)(b), the arrangements made for the purposes of this section arenot required to secure that those requirements are met (see instead section 54).

(10) In this section— “copy”, in relation to material obtained under a warrant, means any of the

following (whether or not in documentary form)— (a) any copy, extract or summary of the material which identifies

the material as having been obtained under the warrant, and(b) any record which—

(i) refers to any interception or to the obtaining of anymaterial, and

(ii) is a record of the identities of the persons to or by whomthe material was sent, or to whom the material relates,

and “copied” is to be read accordingly;“the issuing authority” means—

(a) the Secretary of State, in the case of warrants issued by theSecretary of State;

(b) the Scottish Ministers, in the case of warrants issued by theScottish Ministers;

“overseas authorities” means authorities of a country or territory outsidethe United Kingdom.

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54 Safeguards relating to disclosure of material overseas

(1) The issuing authority must ensure, in relation to every targeted interceptionwarrant or mutual assistance warrant issued by that authority, thatarrangements are in force for securing that—

(a) any material obtained under the warrant is handed over to overseasauthorities only if the requirements of subsection (2) are met, and

(b) copies of any such material are given to overseas authorities only ifthose requirements are met.

(2) The requirements of this subsection are met in the case of a warrant if it appearsto the issuing authority—

(a) that requirements corresponding to the requirements of section 53(2)and (5) will apply, to such extent (if any) as the issuing authorityconsiders appropriate, in relation to any of the material which ishanded over, or any copy of which is given, to the authorities inquestion, and

(b) that restrictions are in force which would prevent, to such extent (ifany) as the issuing authority considers appropriate, the doing ofanything in, for the purposes of or in connection with any proceedingsoutside the United Kingdom which would result in a prohibiteddisclosure.

(3) In subsection (2)(b) “prohibited disclosure” means a disclosure which, if madein the United Kingdom, would breach the prohibition in section 56(1).

(4) In this section— “copy” has the same meaning as in section 53;“the issuing authority” means—

(a) the Secretary of State, in the case of warrants issued by theSecretary of State;

(b) the Scottish Ministers, in the case of warrants issued by theScottish Ministers;

“overseas authorities” means authorities of a country or territory outsidethe United Kingdom.

55 Additional safeguards for items subject to legal privilege

(1) This section applies where an item subject to legal privilege which has beenintercepted in accordance with a targeted interception warrant or mutualassistance warrant is retained, following its examination, for purposes otherthan the destruction of the item.

(2) The person to whom the warrant is addressed must inform the InvestigatoryPowers Commissioner of the retention of the item as soon as is reasonablypracticable.

(3) Unless the Investigatory Powers Commissioner considers that subsection (5)applies to the item, the Commissioner must—

(a) direct that the item is destroyed, or(b) impose one or more conditions as to the use or retention of that item.

(4) If the Investigatory Powers Commissioner considers that subsection (5) appliesto the item, the Commissioner may nevertheless impose such conditions undersubsection (3)(b) as the Commissioner considers necessary for the purpose of

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protecting the public interest in the confidentiality of items subject to legalprivilege.

(5) This subsection applies to an item subject to legal privilege if—(a) the public interest in retaining the item outweighs the public interest in

the confidentiality of items subject to legal privilege, and(b) retaining the item is necessary in the interests of national security or for

the purpose of preventing death or significant injury.

(6) The Investigatory Powers Commissioner—(a) may require an affected party to make representations about how the

Commissioner should exercise any function under subsection (3), and(b) must have regard to any such representations made by an affected

party (whether or not as a result of a requirement imposed underparagraph (a)).

(7) Each of the following is an “affected party” for the purposes of subsection (6)—(a) the person who decided to issue the warrant;(b) the person to whom the warrant is or was addressed.

56 Exclusion of matters from legal proceedings etc.

(1) No evidence may be adduced, question asked, assertion or disclosure made orother thing done in, for the purposes of or in connection with any legalproceedings or Inquiries Act proceedings which (in any manner)—

(a) discloses, in circumstances from which its origin in interception-relatedconduct may be inferred—

(i) any content of an intercepted communication, or(ii) any secondary data obtained from a communication, or

(b) tends to suggest that any interception-related conduct has or may haveoccurred or may be going to occur.

This is subject to Schedule 3 (exceptions).

(2) “Interception-related conduct” means— (a) conduct by a person within subsection (3) that is, or in the absence of

any lawful authority would be, an offence under section 3(1) (offence ofunlawful interception);

(b) a breach of the prohibition imposed by section 9 (restriction onrequesting interception by overseas authorities);

(c) a breach of the prohibition imposed by section 10 (restriction onrequesting assistance under mutual assistance agreements etc.);

(d) the making of an application by any person for a warrant, or the issueof a warrant, under Chapter 1 of this Part;

(e) the imposition of any requirement on any person to provide assistancein giving effect to a targeted interception warrant or mutual assistancewarrant.

(3) The persons referred to in subsection (2)(a) are— (a) any person who is an intercepting authority (see section 18);(b) any person holding office under the Crown;(c) any person deemed to be the proper officer of Revenue and Customs by

virtue of section 8(2) of the Customs and Excise Management Act 1979;(d) any person employed by, or for the purposes of, a police force;

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(e) any postal operator or telecommunications operator;(f) any person employed or engaged for the purposes of the business of a

postal operator or telecommunications operator.

(4) Any reference in subsection (1) to interception-related conduct also includesany conduct taking place before the coming into force of this section andconsisting of—

(a) conduct by a person within subsection (3) that—(i) was an offence under section 1(1) or (2) of the Regulation of

Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (“RIPA”), or(ii) would have been such an offence in the absence of any lawful

authority (within the meaning of section 1(5) of RIPA);(b) conduct by a person within subsection (3) that—

(i) was an offence under section 1 of the Interception ofCommunications Act 1985, or

(ii) would have been such an offence in the absence of subsections(2) and (3) of that section;

(c) a breach by the Secretary of State of the duty under section 1(4) of RIPA(restriction on requesting assistance under mutual assistanceagreements);

(d) the making of an application by any person for a warrant, or the issueof a warrant, under—

(i) Chapter 1 of Part 1 of RIPA, or(ii) the Interception of Communications Act 1985;

(e) the imposition of any requirement on any person to provide assistancein giving effect to a warrant under Chapter 1 of Part 1 of RIPA.

(5) In this section—“Inquiries Act proceedings” means proceedings of an inquiry under the

Inquiries Act 2005;“intercepted communication” means any communication intercepted in

the course of its transmission by means of a postal service ortelecommunication system.

57 Duty not to make unauthorised disclosures

(1) A person to whom this section applies must not make an unauthoriseddisclosure to another person.

(2) A person makes an unauthorised disclosure for the purposes of this section if— (a) the person discloses any of the matters within subsection (4) in relation

to— (i) a warrant under Chapter 1 of this Part, or

(ii) a warrant under Chapter 1 of Part 1 of the Regulation ofInvestigatory Powers Act 2000, and

(b) the disclosure is not an excepted disclosure (see section 58).

(3) This section applies to the following persons— (a) any person who is an intercepting authority (see section 18);(b) any person holding office under the Crown;(c) any person employed by, or for the purposes of, a police force;(d) any postal operator or telecommunications operator;

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(e) any person employed or engaged for the purposes of the business of apostal operator or telecommunications operator;

(f) any person to whom any of the matters within subsection (4) have beendisclosed in relation to a warrant mentioned in subsection (2)(a).

(4) The matters referred to in subsection (2)(a) are— (a) the existence or contents of the warrant;(b) the details of the issue of the warrant or of any renewal or modification

of the warrant;(c) the existence or contents of any requirement to provide assistance in

giving effect to the warrant;(d) the steps taken in pursuance of the warrant or of any such requirement;(e) any of the material obtained under the warrant.

58 Section 57: meaning of “excepted disclosure”

(1) For the purposes of section 57 a disclosure made in relation to a warrant is an“excepted disclosure” if it falls within any of the Heads set out in—

(a) subsection (2) (disclosures authorised by warrant etc.);(b) subsection (4) (oversight bodies);(c) subsection (5) (legal advisers);(d) subsection (8) (disclosures of a general nature).

(2) Head 1 is— (a) a disclosure authorised by the warrant;(b) a disclosure authorised by the person to whom the warrant is or was

addressed or under any arrangements made by that person for thepurposes of this section;

(c) a disclosure authorised by the terms of any requirement to provideassistance in giving effect to the warrant (including any requirementfor disclosure imposed by virtue of section 41(5) or, in the case of awarrant under Chapter 1 of Part 1 of the Regulation of InvestigatoryPowers Act 2000 (“RIPA”), section 11(9) of RIPA).

(3) But subsection (2)(b) does not apply in the case of a mutual assistance warrantthat is or was addressed to a person falling within section 18(1)(h) (competentauthorities of overseas countries or territories).

(4) Head 2 is—(a) in the case of a warrant under Chapter 1 of this Part, a disclosure made

to, or authorised by, a Judicial Commissioner;(b) in the case of a warrant under Chapter 1 of Part 1 of RIPA, a disclosure

made to, or authorised by, the Interception of CommunicationsCommissioner or a Judicial Commissioner;

(c) a disclosure made to the Independent Police Complaints Commissionfor the purposes of facilitating the carrying out of any of its functions;

(d) a disclosure made to the Intelligence and Security Committee ofParliament for the purposes of facilitating the carrying out of any of itsfunctions.

(5) Head 3 is—(a) a disclosure made by a legal adviser—

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(i) in contemplation of, or in connection with, any legalproceedings, and

(ii) for the purposes of those proceedings;(b) a disclosure made—

(i) by a professional legal adviser (“L”) to L’s client or arepresentative of L’s client, or

(ii) by L’s client, or by a representative of L’s client, to L,in connection with the giving, by L to L’s client, of advice about theeffect of the relevant provisions (see subsection (7)).

(6) But a disclosure within Head 3 is not an excepted disclosure if it is made withthe intention of furthering a criminal purpose.

(7) In subsection (5)(b) “the relevant provisions” means—(a) in the case of a warrant under Chapter 1 of this Part, the provisions of

this Part;(b) in the case of a warrant under Chapter 1 of Part 1 of RIPA, the

provisions of that Chapter.

(8) Head 4 is—(a) a disclosure that—

(i) is made by a postal operator or a telecommunications operatorin accordance with a requirement imposed by regulations madeby the Secretary of State, and

(ii) consists of statistical information of a description specified inthe regulations;

(b) a disclosure of information that does not relate to any particularwarrant under Chapter 1 of this Part or under Chapter 1 of Part 1 ofRIPA but relates to any such warrants in general.

(9) Nothing in this section affects the operation of section 56 (which, among otherthings, prohibits the making of certain disclosures in, for the purposes of or inconnection with legal proceedings).

59 Offence of making unauthorised disclosures

(1) A person who fails to comply with section 57(1) commits an offence.

(2) A person who is guilty of an offence under this section is liable— (a) on summary conviction in England and Wales—

(i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months (or 6months, if the offence was committed before thecommencement of section 154(1) of the Criminal Justice Act2003), or

(ii) to a fine,or to both;

(b) on summary conviction in Scotland— (i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months, or

(ii) to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum,or to both;

(c) on summary conviction in Northern Ireland— (i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months, or

(ii) to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum,

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or to both;(d) on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding

5 years or to a fine, or to both.

(3) In proceedings against any person for an offence under this section in respectof any disclosure, it is a defence for the person to show that the person couldnot reasonably have been expected, after first becoming aware of the matterdisclosed, to take steps to prevent the disclosure.

Interpretation

60 Part 2: interpretation

(1) In this Part—“EU mutual assistance instrument” has the meaning given by section

10(3);“intercepting authority” is to be read in accordance with section 18;“international mutual assistance agreement” has the meaning given by

section 10(3);“mutual assistance warrant” has the meaning given by section 15(4);“police force” means any of the following—

(a) any police force maintained under section 2 of the Police Act1996;

(b) the metropolitan police force;(c) the City of London police force;(d) the Police Service of Scotland;(e) the Police Service of Northern Ireland;(f) the Ministry of Defence Police;(g) the Royal Navy Police;(h) the Royal Military Police;(i) the Royal Air Force Police;(j) the British Transport Police Force;

“relevant content”, in relation to a targeted examination warrant, has themeaning given by section 15(3);

“relevant Scottish application” has the meaning given by section 22;“secondary data” has the meaning given by section 16, and references to

obtaining secondary data from a communication are to be read inaccordance with that section;

“targeted examination warrant” has the meaning given by section 15(3).

(2) In this Part references to a member of a police force, in relation to the RoyalNavy Police, the Royal Military Police or the Royal Air Force Police, do notinclude any member of that force who is not for the time being attached to, orserving with, that force or another of those police forces.

(3) See also—section 261 (telecommunications definitions),section 262 (postal definitions),section 263 (general definitions),section 264 (general definitions: “journalistic material” etc.),section 265 (index of defined expressions).

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PART 3

AUTHORISATIONS FOR OBTAINING COMMUNICATIONS DATA

Targeted authorisations for obtaining data

61 Power to grant authorisations

(1) Subsection (2) applies if a designated senior officer of a relevant publicauthority considers—

(a) that it is necessary to obtain communications data for a purpose fallingwithin subsection (7),

(b) that it is necessary to obtain the data—(i) for the purposes of a specific investigation or a specific

operation, or(ii) for the purposes of testing, maintaining or developing

equipment, systems or other capabilities relating to theavailability or obtaining of communications data, and

(c) that the conduct authorised by the authorisation is proportionate towhat is sought to be achieved.

(2) The designated senior officer may authorise any officer of the authority toengage in any conduct which—

(a) is for the purpose of obtaining the data from any person, and(b) relates to—

(i) a telecommunication system, or(ii) data derived from a telecommunication system.

(3) Subsections (1) and (2) are subject to—(a) section 62 (restrictions in relation to internet connection records),(b) section 63 (additional restrictions on grant of authorisations),(c) sections 70 and 73 to 75 and Schedule 4 (restrictions relating to certain

relevant public authorities),(d) section 76 (requirement to consult a single point of contact), and(e) section 77 (Commissioner approval for authorisations to identify or

confirm journalistic sources).

(4) Authorised conduct may, in particular, consist of an authorised officer—(a) obtaining the communications data themselves from any person or

telecommunication system,(b) asking any person whom the authorised officer believes is, or may be,

in possession of the communications data or capable of obtaining it— (i) to obtain the data (if not already in possession of it), and

(ii) to disclose the data (whether already in the person’s possessionor subsequently obtained by that person) to a person identifiedby, or in accordance with, the authorisation, or

(c) requiring by notice a telecommunications operator whom theauthorised officer believes is, or may be, in possession of thecommunications data or capable of obtaining it—

(i) to obtain the data (if not already in possession of it), and

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(ii) to disclose the data (whether already in the operator’spossession or subsequently obtained by the operator) to aperson identified by, or in accordance with, the authorisation.

(5) An authorisation—(a) may relate to data whether or not in existence at the time of the

authorisation,(b) may authorise the obtaining or disclosure of data by a person who is

not an authorised officer, or any other conduct by such a person, whichenables or facilitates the obtaining of the communications dataconcerned, and

(c) may, in particular, require a telecommunications operator who controlsor provides a telecommunication system to obtain or disclose datarelating to the use of a telecommunications service provided by anothertelecommunications operator in relation to that system.

(6) An authorisation—(a) may not authorise any conduct consisting in the interception of

communications in the course of their transmission by means of atelecommunication system, and

(b) may not authorise an authorised officer to ask or require, in thecircumstances mentioned in subsection (4)(b) or (c), a person to disclosethe data to any person other than—

(i) an authorised officer, or(ii) an officer of the same relevant public authority as an authorised

officer.

(7) It is necessary to obtain communications data for a purpose falling within thissubsection if it is necessary to obtain the data—

(a) in the interests of national security,(b) for the purpose of preventing or detecting crime or of preventing

disorder,(c) in the interests of the economic well-being of the United Kingdom so

far as those interests are also relevant to the interests of nationalsecurity,

(d) in the interests of public safety,(e) for the purpose of protecting public health,(f) for the purpose of assessing or collecting any tax, duty, levy or other

imposition, contribution or charge payable to a governmentdepartment,

(g) for the purpose of preventing death or injury or any damage to aperson’s physical or mental health, or of mitigating any injury ordamage to a person’s physical or mental health,

(h) to assist investigations into alleged miscarriages of justice,(i) where a person (“P”) has died or is unable to identify themselves

because of a physical or mental condition—(i) to assist in identifying P, or

(ii) to obtain information about P’s next of kin or other personsconnected with P or about the reason for P’s death or condition,or

(j) for the purpose of exercising functions relating to—(i) the regulation of financial services and markets, or

(ii) financial stability.

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(8) The fact that the communications data which would be obtained in pursuanceof an authorisation relates to the activities in the British Islands of a trade unionis not, of itself, sufficient to establish that it is necessary to obtain the data for apurpose falling within subsection (7).

(9) See—(a) sections 70 and 73 for the meanings of “designated senior officer” and

“relevant public authority”;(b) section 84 for the way in which this Part applies to postal operators and

postal services.

62 Restrictions in relation to internet connection records

(1) A designated senior officer of a local authority may not grant an authorisationfor the purpose of obtaining data which is, or can only be obtained byprocessing, an internet connection record.

(2) A designated senior officer of a relevant public authority which is not a localauthority may not grant an authorisation for the purpose of obtaining datawhich is, or can only be obtained by processing, an internet connection recordunless condition A, B or C is met.

(3) Condition A is that the designated senior officer considers that it is necessary,for a purpose falling within section 61(7), to obtain the data to identify whichperson or apparatus is using an internet service where—

(a) the service and time of use are already known, but(b) the identity of the person or apparatus using the service is not known.

(4) Condition B is that—(a) the purpose for which the data is to be obtained falls within section

61(7) but is not the purpose falling within section 61(7)(b) of preventingor detecting crime, and

(b) the designated senior officer considers that it is necessary to obtain thedata to identify—

(i) which internet communications service is being used, and whenand how it is being used, by a person or apparatus whoseidentity is already known,

(ii) where or when a person or apparatus whose identity is alreadyknown is obtaining access to, or running, a computer file orcomputer program which wholly or mainly involves makingavailable, or acquiring, material whose possession is a crime, or

(iii) which internet service is being used, and when and how it isbeing used, by a person or apparatus whose identity is alreadyknown.

(5) Condition C is that—(a) the purpose for which the data is to be obtained is the purpose falling

within section 61(7)(b) of preventing or detecting crime,(b) the crime to be prevented or detected is serious crime or other relevant

crime, and(c) the designated senior officer considers that it is necessary to obtain the

data to identify—

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(i) which internet communications service is being used, and whenand how it is being used, by a person or apparatus whoseidentity is already known,

(ii) where or when a person or apparatus whose identity is alreadyknown is obtaining access to, or running, a computer file orcomputer program which wholly or mainly involves makingavailable, or acquiring, material whose possession is a crime, or

(iii) which internet service is being used, and when and how it isbeing used, by a person or apparatus whose identity is alreadyknown.

(6) In subsection (5) “other relevant crime” means crime which is not serious crimebut where the offence, or one of the offences, which is or would be constitutedby the conduct concerned is—

(a) an offence for which an individual who has reached the age of 18 (or, inrelation to Scotland or Northern Ireland, 21) is capable of beingsentenced to imprisonment for a term of 12 months or more(disregarding any enactment prohibiting or restricting theimprisonment of individuals who have no previous convictions), or

(b) an offence—(i) by a person who is not an individual, or

(ii) which involves, as an integral part of it, the sending of acommunication or a breach of a person’s privacy.

(7) In this Act “internet connection record” means communications data which—(a) may be used to identify, or assist in identifying, a telecommunications

service to which a communication is transmitted by means of atelecommunication system for the purpose of obtaining access to, orrunning, a computer file or computer program, and

(b) comprises data generated or processed by a telecommunicationsoperator in the process of supplying the telecommunications service tothe sender of the communication (whether or not a person).

63 Additional restrictions on grant of authorisations

(1) A designated senior officer may not grant an authorisation for the purposes ofa specific investigation or a specific operation if the officer is working on thatinvestigation or operation.

(2) But, if the designated senior officer considers that there are exceptionalcircumstances which mean that subsection (1) should not apply in a particularcase, that subsection does not apply in that case.

(3) Examples of exceptional circumstances include—(a) an imminent threat to life or another emergency,(b) the investigation or operation concerned is one where there is an

exceptional need, in the interests of national security, to keepknowledge of it to a minimum,

(c) there is an opportunity to obtain information where—(i) the opportunity is rare,

(ii) the time to act is short, and(iii) the need to obtain the information is significant and in the

interests of national security, or

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(d) the size of the relevant public authority concerned is such that it is notpracticable to have a designated senior officer who is not working onthe investigation or operation concerned.

64 Procedure for authorisations and authorised notices

(1) An authorisation must specify—(a) the office, rank or position held by the designated senior officer

granting it,(b) the matters falling within section 61(7) by reference to which it is

granted,(c) the conduct that is authorised,(d) the data or description of data to be obtained, and(e) the persons or descriptions of persons to whom the data is to be, or may

be, disclosed or how to identify such persons.

(2) An authorisation which authorises a person to impose requirements by noticeon a telecommunications operator must also specify—

(a) the operator concerned, and(b) the nature of the requirements that are to be imposed,

but need not specify the other contents of the notice.

(3) The notice itself—(a) must specify—

(i) the office, rank or position held by the person giving it,(ii) the requirements that are being imposed, and

(iii) the telecommunications operator on whom the requirementsare being imposed, and

(b) must be given in writing or (if not in writing) in a manner that producesa record of its having been given.

(4) An authorisation must be applied for, and granted, in writing or (if not inwriting) in a manner that produces a record of its having been applied for orgranted.

65 Duration and cancellation of authorisations and notices

(1) An authorisation ceases to have effect at the end of the period of one monthbeginning with the date on which it is granted.

(2) An authorisation may be renewed at any time before the end of that period bythe grant of a further authorisation.

(3) Subsection (1) has effect in relation to a renewed authorisation as if the periodof one month mentioned in that subsection did not begin until the end of theperiod of one month applicable to the authorisation that is current at the timeof the renewal.

(4) A designated senior officer who has granted an authorisation—(a) may cancel it at any time, and(b) must cancel it if the designated senior officer considers that the

requirements of this Part would not be satisfied in relation to grantingan equivalent new authorisation.

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(5) The Secretary of State may by regulations provide for the person by whom anyfunction under subsection (4) is to be exercised where the person who wouldotherwise have exercised it is no longer available to do so.

(6) Such regulations may, in particular, provide for the person by whom thefunction is to be exercised to be a person appointed in accordance with theregulations.

(7) A notice given in pursuance of an authorisation (and any requirement imposedby the notice)—

(a) is not affected by the authorisation subsequently ceasing to have effectunder subsection (1), but

(b) is cancelled if the authorisation is cancelled under subsection (4).

66 Duties of telecommunications operators in relation to authorisations

(1) It is the duty of a telecommunications operator on whom a requirement isimposed by notice given in pursuance of an authorisation to comply with thatrequirement.

(2) It is the duty of a telecommunications operator who is obtaining or disclosingcommunications data, in response to a request or requirement for the data inpursuance of an authorisation, to obtain or disclose the data in a way thatminimises the amount of data that needs to be processed for the purposeconcerned.

(3) A person who is under a duty by virtue of subsection (1) or (2) is not requiredto take any steps in pursuance of that duty which it is not reasonablypracticable for that person to take.

(4) For the purposes of subsection (3), where obligations have been imposed on atelecommunications operator (“P”) under section 253 (maintenance oftechnical capability), the steps which it is reasonably practicable for P to takeinclude every step which it would have been reasonably practicable for P totake if P had complied with all of those obligations.

(5) The duty imposed by subsection (1) or (2) is enforceable by civil proceedingsby the Secretary of State for an injunction, or for specific performance of astatutory duty under section 45 of the Court of Session Act 1988, or for anyother appropriate relief.

Filtering arrangements for obtaining data

67 Filtering arrangements for obtaining data

(1) The Secretary of State may establish, maintain and operate arrangements forthe purposes of—

(a) assisting a designated senior officer, who is considering whether togrant an authorisation, to determine whether the requirements of thisPart in relation to granting the authorisation are satisfied, or

(b) facilitating the lawful, efficient and effective obtaining ofcommunications data from any person by relevant public authorities inpursuance of an authorisation.

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(2) Arrangements under subsection (1) (“filtering arrangements”) may, inparticular, involve the obtaining of communications data in pursuance of anauthorisation (“the target data”) by means of—

(a) a request to the Secretary of State to obtain the target data on behalf ofan authorised officer, and

(b) the Secretary of State—(i) obtaining the target data or data from which the target data may

be derived,(ii) processing the target data or the data from which it may be

derived (and retaining data temporarily for that purpose), and(iii) disclosing the target data to the person identified for this

purpose by, or in accordance with, the authorisation.

(3) Filtering arrangements may, in particular, involve the generation or use by theSecretary of State of information—

(a) for the purpose mentioned in subsection (1)(a), or(b) for the purposes of—

(i) the support, maintenance, oversight, operation oradministration of the arrangements, or

(ii) the functions of the Investigatory Powers Commissionermentioned in subsection (4) or (5).

(4) Filtering arrangements must involve the generation and retention of suchinformation or documents as the Investigatory Powers Commissionerconsiders appropriate for the purposes of the functions of the Commissionerunder section 229(1) of keeping under review the exercise by public authoritiesof functions under this Part.

(5) The Secretary of State must consult the Investigatory Powers Commissionerabout the principles on the basis of which the Secretary of State intends toestablish, maintain or operate any arrangements for the purpose mentioned insubsection (1)(a).

68 Use of filtering arrangements in pursuance of an authorisation

(1) This section applies in relation to the use of the filtering arrangements inpursuance of an authorisation.

(2) The filtering arrangements may be used—(a) to obtain and disclose communications data in pursuance of an

authorisation, only if the authorisation specifically authorises the use ofthe arrangements to obtain and disclose the data,

(b) to process data in pursuance of an authorisation (and to retain the datatemporarily for that purpose), only if the authorisation specificallyauthorises processing data of that description under the arrangements(and their temporary retention for that purpose).

(3) An authorisation must record the designated senior officer’s decision as to—(a) whether the communications data to be obtained and disclosed in

pursuance of the authorisation may be obtained and disclosed by useof the filtering arrangements,

(b) whether the processing of data under the filtering arrangements (andits temporary retention for that purpose) is authorised,

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(c) if the processing of data under the filtering arrangements is authorised,the description of data that may be processed.

(4) A designated senior officer must not grant an authorisation which authorises—(a) use of the filtering arrangements, or(b) processing under the filtering arrangements,

unless the condition in subsection (5) is met.

(5) The condition is that the designated senior officer (as well as considering thatthe other requirements of this Part in relation to granting the authorisation aresatisfied) considers that what is authorised in relation to the filteringarrangements is proportionate to what is sought to be achieved.

69 Duties in connection with operation of filtering arrangements

(1) The Secretary of State must secure—(a) that no authorisation data is obtained or processed under the filtering

arrangements except for the purposes of an authorisation,(b) that data which—

(i) has been obtained or processed under the filteringarrangements, and

(ii) is to be disclosed in pursuance of an authorisation or for thepurpose mentioned in section 67(1)(a),

is disclosed only to the person to whom the data is to be disclosed inpursuance of the authorisation or (as the case may be) to the designatedsenior officer concerned,

(c) that any authorisation data which is obtained under the filteringarrangements in pursuance of an authorisation is immediatelydestroyed—

(i) when the purposes of the authorisation have been met, or(ii) if at any time it ceases to be necessary to retain the data for the

purposes or purpose concerned.

(2) The Secretary of State must secure that data (other than authorisation data)which is retained under the filtering arrangements is disclosed only—

(a) for the purpose mentioned in section 67(1)(a),(b) for the purposes of support, maintenance, oversight, operation or

administration of the arrangements,(c) to the Investigatory Powers Commissioner for the purposes of the

functions of the Commissioner mentioned in section 67(4) or (5), or(d) otherwise as authorised by law.

(3) The Secretary of State must secure that—(a) only the Secretary of State and designated individuals are permitted to

read, obtain or otherwise process data for the purposes of support,maintenance, oversight, operation or administration of the filteringarrangements, and

(b) no other persons are permitted to access or use the filteringarrangements except in pursuance of an authorisation or for thepurpose mentioned in section 67(1)(a).

(4) In subsection (3)(a) “designated” means designated by the Secretary of State;and the Secretary of State may designate an individual only if the Secretary of

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State thinks that it is necessary for the individual to be able to act as mentionedin subsection (3)(a).

(5) The Secretary of State must—(a) put in place and maintain an adequate security system to govern access

to, and use of, the filtering arrangements and to protect against anyabuse of the power of access, and

(b) impose measures to protect against unauthorised or unlawful dataretention, processing, access or disclosure.

(6) The Secretary of State must—(a) put in place and maintain procedures (including the regular testing of

relevant software and hardware) to ensure that the filteringarrangements are functioning properly, and

(b) report, as soon as possible after the end of each calendar year, to theInvestigatory Powers Commissioner about the functioning of thefiltering arrangements during that year.

(7) A report under subsection (6)(b) must, in particular, contain information aboutthe destruction of authorisation data during the calendar year concerned.

(8) If the Secretary of State believes that significant processing errors haveoccurred giving rise to a contravention of any of the requirements of this Partwhich relate to the filtering arrangements, the Secretary of State must reportthat fact immediately to the Investigatory Powers Commissioner.

(9) In this section “authorisation data”, in relation to an authorisation, meanscommunications data that is, or is to be, obtained in pursuance of theauthorisation or any data from which that data is, or may be, derived.

Relevant public authorities other than local authorities

70 Relevant public authorities and designated senior officers etc.

(1) Schedule 4 (relevant public authorities and designated senior officers etc.) haseffect.

(2) A public authority listed in column 1 of the table in the Schedule is a relevantpublic authority for the purposes of this Part.

(3) In this Part “designated senior officer”, in relation to a relevant public authoritylisted in column 1 of the table, means an individual who holds with theauthority—

(a) an office, rank or position specified in relation to the authority incolumn 2 of the table, or

(b) an office, rank or position higher than that specified in relation to theauthority in column 2 of the table (subject to subsections (4) and (5)).

(4) Subsection (5) applies where an office, rank or position specified in relation toa relevant public authority in column 2 of the table is specified by referenceto—

(a) a particular branch, agency or other part of the authority, or(b) responsibility for functions of a particular description.

(5) A person is a designated senior officer by virtue of subsection (3)(b) only if theperson—

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(a) holds an office, rank or position in that branch, agency or part, or(b) has responsibility for functions of that description.

(6) A person who is a designated senior officer of a relevant public authority byvirtue of subsection (3) and an entry in column 2 of the table may grant anauthorisation—

(a) only for obtaining communications data of the kind specified in thecorresponding entry in column 3 of the table, and

(b) only if section 61(1)(a) is met in relation to a purpose within one of theparagraphs of section 61(7) specified in the corresponding entry incolumn 4 of the table.

(7) Where there is more than one entry in relation to a relevant public authority incolumn 2 of the table, and a person is a designated senior officer of theauthority by virtue of subsection (3) as it applies to more than one of thoseentries, subsection (6) applies in relation to each entry.

71 Power to modify section 70 and Schedule 4

(1) The Secretary of State may by regulations modify section 70 or Schedule 4.

(2) Regulations under subsection (1) may in particular—(a) add a public authority to, or remove a public authority from, the list in

column 1 of the table,(b) modify an entry in column 2 of the table,(c) impose or remove restrictions on the authorisations that may be

granted by a designated senior officer with a specified public authority,(d) impose or remove restrictions on the circumstances in which or

purposes for which such authorisations may be granted by adesignated senior officer.

(3) The power to make regulations under subsection (1) includes power to makesuch modifications in any enactment (including this Act) as the Secretary ofState considers appropriate in consequence of a person becoming, or ceasing tobe, a relevant public authority because of regulations under that subsection.

72 Certain regulations under section 71: supplementary

(1) This section applies to regulations under section 71 other than regulationswhich do only one or both of the following—

(a) remove a public authority from the list in column 1 of the table inSchedule 4 and make consequential modifications,

(b) modify column 2 of the table in a way that does not involve replacingan office, rank or position specified in that column in relation to aparticular public authority with a lower office, rank or position inrelation to the same authority.

(2) Before making regulations to which this section applies, the Secretary of Statemust consult—

(a) the Investigatory Powers Commissioner, and(b) the public authority to which the modifications relate.

(3) A statutory instrument containing regulations to which this section appliesmay not be made except in accordance with the enhanced affirmativeprocedure.

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Local authorities

73 Local authorities as relevant public authorities

(1) A local authority is a relevant public authority for the purposes of this Part.

(2) In this Part “designated senior officer”, in relation to a local authority, meansan individual who holds with the authority—

(a) the position of director, head of service or service manager (orequivalent), or

(b) a higher position.

(3) A designated senior officer of a local authority may grant an authorisation forobtaining communications data only if section 61(1)(a) is met in relation to apurpose within section 61(7)(b).

(4) The Secretary of State may by regulations amend subsection (2).

(5) Before making regulations under subsection (4) which amend subsection (2) soas to replace an office, rank or position specified in that subsection with a loweroffice, rank or position, the Secretary of State must consult—

(a) the Investigatory Powers Commissioner, and(b) each local authority to which the amendment relates.

(6) A statutory instrument containing regulations under subsection (4) to whichsubsection (5) applies may not be made except in accordance with theenhanced affirmative procedure.

(7) Sections 74 and 75 impose further restrictions in relation to the grant ofauthorisations by local authorities.

74 Requirement to be party to collaboration agreement

(1) A designated senior officer of a local authority may not grant an authorisationunless—

(a) the local authority is a party to a collaboration agreement (whether as asupplying authority or a subscribing authority or both), and

(b) that collaboration agreement is certified by the Secretary of State(having regard to guidance given by virtue of section 79(6) and (7)) asbeing appropriate for the local authority.

(2) A designated senior officer of a local authority may only grant an authorisationto a person within subsection (3).

(3) A person is within this subsection if the person is an officer of a relevant publicauthority which is a supplying authority under a collaboration agreement towhich the local authority is a party.

(4) If the local authority is itself a supplying authority under a collaborationagreement with the result that officers of the local authority are permitted to begranted authorisations by a designated senior officer of a subscribingauthority, the persons within subsection (3) include officers of the localauthority.

(5) In this section “collaboration agreement”, “subscribing authority” and“supplying authority” have the same meaning as in section 78.

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75 Judicial approval for local authority authorisations

(1) This section applies to an authorisation granted by a designated senior officerof a local authority other than an authorisation to which section 77 applies.

(2) The authorisation is not to take effect until such time (if any) as the relevantjudicial authority has made an order under this section approving it.

(3) The local authority may apply to the relevant judicial authority for an orderunder this section approving the authorisation.

(4) The local authority is not required to give notice of the application to—(a) any person to whom the authorisation relates, or(b) that person’s legal representatives.

(5) The relevant judicial authority may approve the authorisation if, and only if,the relevant judicial authority considers that—

(a) at the time of the grant, there were reasonable grounds for consideringthat the requirements of this Part were satisfied in relation to theauthorisation, and

(b) at the time when the relevant judicial authority is considering thematter, there are reasonable grounds for considering that therequirements of this Part would be satisfied if an equivalent newauthorisation were granted at that time.

(6) Where, on an application under this section, the relevant judicial authorityrefuses to approve the grant of the authorisation, the relevant judicial authoritymay make an order quashing the authorisation.

(7) In this section “the relevant judicial authority” means—(a) in relation to England and Wales, a justice of the peace,(b) in relation to Scotland, a sheriff, and(c) in relation to Northern Ireland, a district judge (magistrates’ courts) in

Northern Ireland.

(8) See also sections 77A and 77B of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act2000 (procedure for orders under this section of a sheriff in Scotland or adistrict judge (magistrates’ courts) in Northern Ireland).

Additional protections

76 Use of a single point of contact

(1) Before granting an authorisation, the designated senior officer must consult aperson who is acting as a single point of contact in relation to the granting ofauthorisations.

(2) But, if the designated senior officer considers that there are exceptionalcircumstances which mean that subsection (1) should not apply in a particularcase, that subsection does not apply in that case.

(3) Examples of exceptional circumstances include—(a) an imminent threat to life or another emergency, or(b) the interests of national security.

(4) A person is acting as a single point of contact if that person—

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(a) is an officer of a relevant public authority, and(b) is responsible for advising—

(i) officers of the relevant public authority about applying forauthorisations, or

(ii) designated senior officers of the relevant public authority aboutgranting authorisations.

(5) A person acting as a single point of contact may, in particular, advise an officerof a relevant public authority who is considering whether to apply for anauthorisation about—

(a) the most appropriate methods for obtaining data where the dataconcerned is processed by more than one telecommunicationsoperator,

(b) the cost, and resource implications, for—(i) the relevant public authority concerned of obtaining the data,

and(ii) the telecommunications operator concerned of disclosing the

data,(c) any unintended consequences of the proposed authorisation, and(d) any issues as to the lawfulness of the proposed authorisation.

(6) A person acting as a single point of contact may, in particular, advise adesignated senior officer who is considering whether to grant an authorisationabout—

(a) whether it is reasonably practical to obtain the data sought inpursuance of the proposed authorisation,

(b) the cost, and resource implications, for—(i) the relevant public authority concerned of obtaining the data,

and(ii) the telecommunications operator concerned of disclosing the

data,(c) any unintended consequences of the proposed authorisation, and(d) any issues as to the lawfulness of the proposed authorisation.

(7) A person acting as a single point of contact may also provide advice about—(a) whether requirements imposed by virtue of an authorisation have been

met,(b) the use in support of operations or investigations of communications

data obtained in pursuance of an authorisation, and(c) any other effects of an authorisation.

(8) Nothing in this section prevents a person acting as a single point of contactfrom also applying for, or being granted, an authorisation or, in the case of adesignated senior officer, granting an authorisation.

77 Commissioner approval for authorisations to identify or confirm journalistic sources

(1) Subsection (2) applies if—(a) a designated senior officer has granted an authorisation in relation to

the obtaining by a relevant public authority of communications data forthe purpose of identifying or confirming a source of journalisticinformation, and

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(b) the authorisation is not necessary because of an imminent threat to life.

(2) The authorisation is not to take effect until such time (if any) as a JudicialCommissioner has approved it.

(3) The relevant public authority for which the authorisation has been grantedmay apply to a Judicial Commissioner for approval of the authorisation.

(4) The applicant is not required to give notice of the application to—(a) any person to whom the authorisation relates, or(b) that person’s legal representatives.

(5) A Judicial Commissioner may approve the authorisation if, and only if, theJudicial Commissioner considers that—

(a) at the time of the grant, there were reasonable grounds for consideringthat the requirements of this Part were satisfied in relation to theauthorisation, and

(b) at the time when the Judicial Commissioner is considering the matter,there are reasonable grounds for considering that the requirements ofthis Part would be satisfied if an equivalent new authorisation weregranted at that time.

(6) In considering whether the position is as mentioned in subsection (5)(a) and(b), the Judicial Commissioner must, in particular, have regard to—

(a) the public interest in protecting a source of journalistic information,and

(b) the need for there to be another overriding public interest before arelevant public authority seeks to identify or confirm a source ofjournalistic information.

(7) Where, on an application under this section, the Judicial Commissioner refusesto approve the grant of the authorisation, the Judicial Commissioner mayquash the authorisation.

Collaboration agreements

78 Collaboration agreements

(1) A collaboration agreement is an agreement (other than a police collaborationagreement) under which—

(a) a relevant public authority (“the supplying authority”) puts the servicesof designated senior officers of that authority or other officers of thatauthority at the disposal of another relevant public authority (“thesubscribing authority”) for the purposes of the subscribing authority’sfunctions under this Part, and

(b) either—(i) a designated senior officer of the supplying authority is

permitted to grant authorisations to officers of the subscribingauthority,

(ii) officers of the supplying authority are permitted to be grantedauthorisations by a designated senior officer of the subscribingauthority, or

(iii) officers of the supplying authority act as single points of contactfor officers of the subscribing authority.

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(2) The persons by whom, or to whom, authorisations may be granted (or whomay act as single points of contact) under a collaboration agreement areadditional to those persons by whom, or to whom, authorisations wouldotherwise be granted under this Part (or who could otherwise act as singlepoints of contact).

(3) In a case falling within subsection (1)(b)(i)—(a) section 61 has effect as if—

(i) in subsection (2) the reference to an officer of the authority werea reference to an officer of the subscribing authority, and

(ii) in subsection (6)(b)(ii) the reference to an officer of the samerelevant public authority as an authorised officer included areference to an officer of the supplying authority,

(b) section 63(3)(d) has effect as if the reference to the relevant publicauthority concerned were a reference to both authorities,

(c) this Part has effect as if the designated senior officer of the supplyingauthority had the power to grant an authorisation to officers of thesubscribing authority, and had other functions in relation to theauthorisation, which were the same as (and subject to no greater orlesser restrictions than) the power and other functions which thedesignated senior officer of the subscribing authority who wouldotherwise have dealt with the authorisation would have had, and

(d) section 75(1) applies to the authorisation as if it were granted by adesignated senior officer of the subscribing authority.

(4) In a case falling within subsection (1)(b)(ii)—(a) section 61 has effect as if—

(i) in subsection (2) the reference to an officer of the authority werea reference to an officer of the supplying authority, and

(ii) in subsection (6)(b)(ii) the reference to an officer of the samerelevant public authority as an authorised officer included areference to an officer of the subscribing authority, and

(b) section 63(3)(d) has effect as if the reference to the relevant publicauthority concerned were a reference to both authorities.

(5) In a case falling within subsection (1)(b)(iii), section 76(4)(b) has effect as if thereferences to the relevant public authority were references to the subscribingauthority.

(6) In this section—“force collaboration provision” has the meaning given by paragraph (a) of

section 22A(2) of the Police Act 1996 but as if the reference in thatparagraph to a police force included the National Crime Agency,

“police collaboration agreement” means a collaboration agreement undersection 22A of the Police Act 1996 which contains force collaborationprovision.

79 Collaboration agreements: supplementary

(1) A collaboration agreement may provide for payments to be made betweenparties to the agreement.

(2) A collaboration agreement—(a) must be in writing,

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(b) may be varied by a subsequent collaboration agreement, and(c) may be brought to an end by agreement between the parties to it.

(3) A person who makes a collaboration agreement must—(a) publish the agreement, or(b) publish the fact that the agreement has been made and such other

details about it as the person considers appropriate.

(4) A relevant public authority may enter into a collaboration agreement as asupplying authority, a subscribing authority or both (whether or not it wouldhave power to do so apart from this section).

(5) The Secretary of State may, after consulting a relevant public authority, directit to enter into a collaboration agreement if the Secretary of State considers thatentering into the agreement would assist the effective exercise by the authority,or another relevant public authority, of its functions under this Part.

(6) A code of practice under Schedule 7 must include guidance to relevant publicauthorities about collaboration agreements.

(7) The guidance must include guidance about the criteria the Secretary of Statewill use in considering whether a collaboration agreement is appropriate for arelevant public authority.

80 Police collaboration agreements

(1) This section applies if—(a) the chief officer of police of an England and Wales police force (“force

1”) has entered into a police collaboration agreement for the purposesof a collaborating police force’s functions under this Part, and

(b) under the terms of the agreement—(i) a designated senior officer of force 1 is permitted to grant

authorisations to officers of the collaborating police force,(ii) officers of force 1 are permitted to be granted authorisations by

a designated senior officer of the collaborating police force, or(iii) officers of force 1 act as single points of contact for officers of the

collaborating police force.

(2) The persons by whom, or to whom, authorisations may be granted (or whomay act as single points of contact) under a police collaboration agreement areadditional to those persons by whom, or to whom, authorisations wouldotherwise be granted under this Part (or who could otherwise act as singlepoints of contact).

(3) In a case falling within subsection (1)(b)(i)—(a) section 61 has effect as if—

(i) in subsection (2) the reference to an officer of the authority werea reference to an officer of the collaborating police force, and

(ii) in subsection (6)(b)(ii) the reference to an officer of the samerelevant public authority as an authorised officer included areference to an officer of force 1,

(b) section 63(3)(d) has effect as if the reference to the relevant publicauthority concerned were a reference to force 1 and the collaboratingpolice force, and

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(c) this Part has effect as if the designated senior officer of force 1 had thepower to grant an authorisation to officers of the collaborating policeforce, and had other functions in relation to the authorisation, whichwere the same as (and subject to no greater or lesser restrictions than)the power and other functions which the designated senior officer ofthe collaborating police force who would otherwise have dealt with theauthorisation would have had.

(4) In a case falling within subsection (1)(b)(ii)—(a) section 61 has effect as if—

(i) in subsection (2) the reference to an officer of the authority werea reference to an officer of force 1, and

(ii) in subsection (6)(b)(ii) the reference to an officer of the samerelevant public authority as an authorised officer included areference to an officer of the collaborating police force, and

(b) section 63(3)(d) has effect as if the reference to the relevant publicauthority concerned were a reference to force 1 and the collaboratingpolice force.

(5) In a case falling within subsection (1)(b)(iii), section 76(4)(b) has effect as if thereferences to the relevant public authority were references to the collaboratingpolice force.

(6) In this section—“collaborating police force”, in relation to a police collaboration

agreement, means a police force (other than force 1) whose chief officerof police is a party to the agreement,

“England and Wales police force” means—(a) any police force maintained under section 2 of the Police Act

1996 (police forces in England and Wales outside London),(b) the metropolitan police force, or(c) the City of London police force,

“police collaboration agreement” has the same meaning as in section 78(see subsection (6) of that section),

and references in this section to an England and Wales police force or a policeforce include the National Crime Agency (and references to the chief officer ofpolice include the Director General of the National Crime Agency).

Further and supplementary provision

81 Lawfulness of conduct authorised by this Part

(1) Conduct is lawful for all purposes if—(a) it is conduct in which any person is authorised to engage by an

authorisation or required to undertake by virtue of a notice given inpursuance of an authorisation, and

(b) the conduct is in accordance with, or in pursuance of, the authorisationor notice.

(2) A person (whether or not the person so authorised or required) is not to besubject to any civil liability in respect of conduct that—

(a) is incidental to, or is reasonably undertaken in connection with,conduct that is lawful by virtue of subsection (1), and

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(b) is not itself conduct for which an authorisation or warrant—(i) is capable of being granted under any of the enactments

mentioned in subsection (3), and(ii) might reasonably have been expected to have been sought in

the case in question.

(3) The enactments referred to in subsection (2)(b)(i) are—(a) an enactment contained in this Act,(b) an enactment contained in the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act

2000,(c) an enactment contained in Part 3 of the Police Act 1997 (powers of the

police and of customs officers), or(d) section 5 of the Intelligence Services Act 1994 (warrants for the

intelligence services).

82 Offence of making unauthorised disclosure

(1) It is an offence for a telecommunications operator, or any person employed orengaged for the purposes of the business of a telecommunications operator, todisclose, without reasonable excuse, to any person the existence of—

(a) any requirement imposed on the operator by virtue of this Part todisclose communications data relating to that person, or

(b) any request made in pursuance of an authorisation for the operator todisclose such data.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1), it is, in particular, a reasonable excuse if thedisclosure is made with the permission of the relevant public authority whichis seeking to obtain the data from the operator (whether the permission iscontained in any notice requiring the operator to disclose the data orotherwise).

(3) A person guilty of an offence under this section is liable—(a) on summary conviction in England and Wales—

(i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months (or 6months, if the offence was committed before thecommencement of section 154(1) of the Criminal Justice Act2003), or

(ii) to a fine,or to both;

(b) on summary conviction in Scotland— (i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months, or

(ii) to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum,or to both;

(c) on summary conviction in Northern Ireland— (i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months, or

(ii) to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum,or to both;

(d) on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding2 years or to a fine, or to both.

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83 Certain transfer and agency arrangements with public authorities

(1) The Secretary of State may by regulations provide for—(a) any function under sections 67 to 69 which is exercisable by the

Secretary of State to be exercisable instead by another public authority,or

(b) any function under sections 67 to 69 which is exercisable by a publicauthority by virtue of paragraph (a) to be exercisable instead by theSecretary of State.

(2) The Secretary of State may by regulations modify any enactment about a publicauthority for the purpose of enabling or otherwise facilitating any functionexercisable by the Secretary of State under this Part to be exercisable on behalfof the Secretary of State by the authority concerned.

(3) Regulations under subsection (2) do not affect the Secretary of State’sresponsibility for the exercise of the functions concerned.

(4) Subsection (2) does not apply in relation to any function of the Secretary ofState of making regulations.

(5) Schedule 5 (which contains further safeguards and provisions supplementingthis section) has effect.

84 Application of Part 3 to postal operators and postal services

(1) This Part applies to postal operators and postal services as it applies totelecommunications operators and telecommunications services.

(2) In its application by virtue of subsection (1), this Part has effect as if—(a) any reference to a telecommunications operator were a reference to a

postal operator,(b) any reference to a telecommunications service were a reference to a

postal service,(c) any reference to a telecommunication system were a reference to a

postal service, (d) sections 61(3)(a) and 62 were omitted, and(e) in Part 2 of Schedule 4, for “which is entity data” there were substituted

“within paragraph (c) of the definition of “communications data” insection 262(3)”.

85 Extra-territorial application of Part 3

(1) An authorisation may relate to conduct outside the United Kingdom andpersons outside the United Kingdom.

(2) A notice given in pursuance of an authorisation may relate to conduct outsidethe United Kingdom and persons outside the United Kingdom.

(3) Where such a notice is to be given to a person outside the United Kingdom, thenotice may be given to the person in any of the following ways (as well as byelectronic or other means of service)—

(a) by delivering it to the person’s principal office within the UnitedKingdom or, if the person has no such office in the United Kingdom, toany place in the United Kingdom where the person carries on businessor conducts activities,

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(b) if the person has specified an address in the United Kingdom as one atwhich the person, or someone on the person’s behalf, will acceptdocuments of the same description as a notice, by delivering it to thataddress,

(c) by notifying the person by such other means as the authorised officerconsiders appropriate (which may include notifying the person orally).

(4) In determining for the purposes of subsection (3) of section 66 whether it isreasonably practicable for a telecommunications operator outside the UnitedKingdom to take any steps in a country or territory outside the UnitedKingdom for the purpose of complying with a duty imposed by virtue ofsubsection (1) or (2) of that section, the matters to be taken into account includethe following—

(a) any requirements or restrictions under the law of that country orterritory that are relevant to the taking of those steps, and

(b) the extent to which it is reasonably practicable to comply with the dutyin a way that does not breach any of those requirements or restrictions.

(5) Nothing in the definition of “telecommunications operator” limits the type ofcommunications data in relation to which an authorisation, or a request orrequirement of a kind which gives rise to a duty under section 66(1) or (2), mayapply.

86 Part 3: interpretation

(1) In this Part—“authorisation” means an authorisation under section 61 (including that

section as modified by sections 78 and 80),“designated senior officer”—

(a) in relation to a relevant public authority which is a localauthority, has the meaning given by section 73(2), and

(b) in relation to any other relevant public authority, has themeaning given by section 70(3),

“filtering arrangements” means any arrangements under section 67(1),“officer”, in relation to a relevant public authority, means a person

holding an office, rank or position with that authority,“relevant public authority” means a public authority which is a relevant

public authority for the purposes of this Part by virtue of section 70(2)or 73(1).

(2) In this Part “local authority” means—(a) a district or county council in England,(b) a London borough council,(c) the Common Council of the City of London in its capacity as a local

authority,(d) the Council of the Isles of Scilly,(e) a county council or county borough council in Wales,(f) a council constituted under section 2 of the Local Government etc.

(Scotland) Act 1994, and(g) a district council in Northern Ireland.

(3) See also—section 261 (telecommunications definitions),

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section 262 (postal definitions),section 263 (general definitions),section 265 (index of defined expressions).

PART 4

RETENTION OF COMMUNICATIONS DATA

General

87 Powers to require retention of certain data

(1) The Secretary of State may, by notice (a “retention notice”) and subject asfollows, require a telecommunications operator to retain relevantcommunications data if—

(a) the Secretary of State considers that the requirement is necessary andproportionate for one or more of the purposes falling withinparagraphs (a) to (j) of section 61(7) (purposes for whichcommunications data may be obtained), and

(b) the decision to give the notice has been approved by a JudicialCommissioner.

(2) A retention notice may—(a) relate to a particular operator or any description of operators,(b) require the retention of all data or any description of data,(c) identify the period or periods for which data is to be retained,(d) contain other requirements, or restrictions, in relation to the retention

of data,(e) make different provision for different purposes,(f) relate to data whether or not in existence at the time of the giving, or

coming into force, of the notice.

(3) A retention notice must not require any data to be retained for more than 12months beginning with—

(a) in the case of communications data relating to a specificcommunication, the day of the communication concerned,

(b) in the case of entity data which does not fall within paragraph (a) abovebut does fall within paragraph (a)(i) of the definition of“communications data” in section 261(5), the day on which the entityconcerned ceases to be associated with the telecommunications serviceconcerned or (if earlier) the day on which the data is changed, and

(c) in any other case, the day on which the data is first held by the operatorconcerned.

(4) A retention notice must not require an operator who controls or provides atelecommunication system (“the system operator”) to retain data which—

(a) relates to the use of a telecommunications service provided by anothertelecommunications operator in relation to that system,

(b) is (or is capable of being) processed by the system operator as a resultof being comprised in, included as part of, attached to or logicallyassociated with a communication transmitted by means of the systemas a result of the use mentioned in paragraph (a),

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(c) is not needed by the system operator for the functioning of the systemin relation to that communication, and

(d) is not retained or used by the system operator for any other lawfulpurpose,

and which it is reasonably practicable to separate from other data which issubject to the notice.

(5) A retention notice which relates to data already in existence when the noticecomes into force imposes a requirement to retain the data for only so much ofa period of retention as occurs on or after the coming into force of the notice.

(6) A retention notice comes into force—(a) when the notice is given to the operator (or description of operators)

concerned, or(b) (if later) at the time or times specified in the notice.

(7) A retention notice is given to an operator (or description of operators) bygiving, or publishing, it in such manner as the Secretary of State considersappropriate for bringing it to the attention of the operator (or description ofoperators) to whom it relates.

(8) A retention notice must specify—(a) the operator (or description of operators) to whom it relates,(b) the data which is to be retained,(c) the period or periods for which the data is to be retained,(d) any other requirements, or any restrictions, in relation to the retention

of the data,(e) the information required by section 249(7) (the level or levels of

contribution in respect of costs incurred as a result of the notice).

(9) The requirements or restrictions mentioned in subsection (8)(d) may, inparticular, include—

(a) a requirement to retain the data in such a way that it can be transmittedefficiently and effectively in response to requests,

(b) requirements or restrictions in relation to the obtaining (whether bycollection, generation or otherwise), generation or processing of—

(i) data for retention, or(ii) retained data.

(10) The fact that the data which would be retained under a retention notice relatesto the activities in the British Islands of a trade union is not, of itself, sufficientto establish that the requirement to retain the data is necessary for one or moreof the purposes falling within paragraphs (a) to (j) of section 61(7).

(11) In this Part “relevant communications data” means communications datawhich may be used to identify, or assist in identifying, any of the following—

(a) the sender or recipient of a communication (whether or not a person),(b) the time or duration of a communication,(c) the type, method or pattern, or fact, of communication,(d) the telecommunication system (or any part of it) from, to or through

which, or by means of which, a communication is or may betransmitted, or

(e) the location of any such system,

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and this expression therefore includes, in particular, internet connectionrecords.

Safeguards

88 Matters to be taken into account before giving retention notices

(1) Before giving a retention notice, the Secretary of State must, among othermatters, take into account—

(a) the likely benefits of the notice,(b) the likely number of users (if known) of any telecommunications

service to which the notice relates,(c) the technical feasibility of complying with the notice,(d) the likely cost of complying with the notice, and(e) any other effect of the notice on the telecommunications operator (or

description of operators) to whom it relates.

(2) Before giving such a notice, the Secretary of State must take reasonable steps toconsult any operator to whom it relates.

89 Approval of retention notices by Judicial Commissioners

(1) In deciding whether to approve a decision to give a retention notice, a JudicialCommissioner must review the Secretary of State’s conclusions as to whetherthe requirement to be imposed by the notice to retain relevant communicationsdata is necessary and proportionate for one or more of the purposes fallingwithin paragraphs (a) to (j) of section 61(7).

(2) In doing so, the Judicial Commissioner must—(a) apply the same principles as would be applied by a court on an

application for judicial review, and(b) consider the matters referred to in subsection (1) with a sufficient

degree of care as to ensure that the Judicial Commissioner complieswith the duties imposed by section 2 (general duties in relation toprivacy).

(3) Where a Judicial Commissioner refuses to approve a decision to give aretention notice, the Judicial Commissioner must give the Secretary of Statewritten reasons for the refusal.

(4) Where a Judicial Commissioner, other than the Investigatory PowersCommissioner, refuses to approve a decision to give a retention notice, theSecretary of State may ask the Investigatory Powers Commissioner to decidewhether to approve the decision to give the notice.

90 Review by the Secretary of State

(1) A telecommunications operator to whom a retention notice is given may,within such period or circumstances as may be provided for by regulationsmade by the Secretary of State, refer the notice back to the Secretary of State.

(2) Such a reference may be in relation to the whole of a notice or any aspect of it.

(3) In the case of a notice given to a description of operators—

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(a) each operator falling within that description may make a referenceunder subsection (1), but

(b) each such reference may only be in relation to the notice, or aspect ofthe notice, so far as it applies to that operator.

(4) There is no requirement for an operator who has referred a retention noticeunder subsection (1) to comply with the notice, so far as referred, until theSecretary of State has reviewed the notice in accordance with subsection (5).

(5) The Secretary of State must review any notice so far as referred to the Secretaryof State under subsection (1).

(6) Before deciding the review, the Secretary of State must consult—(a) the Technical Advisory Board, and(b) a Judicial Commissioner.

(7) The Board must consider the technical requirements and the financialconsequences, for the operator who has made the reference, of the notice so faras referred.

(8) The Commissioner must consider whether the notice so far as referred isproportionate.

(9) The Board and the Commissioner must—(a) give the operator concerned and the Secretary of State the opportunity

to provide evidence, or make representations, to them before reachingtheir conclusions, and

(b) report their conclusions to—(i) the operator, and

(ii) the Secretary of State.

(10) The Secretary of State may, after considering the conclusions of the Board andthe Commissioner—

(a) vary or revoke the retention notice under section 94, or(b) give a notice under this section to the operator concerned confirming its

effect.

(11) But the Secretary of State may vary the notice, or give a notice under subsection(10)(b) confirming its effect, only if the Secretary of State’s decision to do so hasbeen approved by the Investigatory Powers Commissioner.

(12) A report or notice under this section is given to an operator by giving orpublishing it in such manner as the Secretary of State considers appropriate forbringing it to the attention of the operator.

(13) The Secretary of State must keep a retention notice under review (whether ornot referred under subsection (1)).

91 Approval of notices following review under section 90

(1) In deciding whether to approve a decision to vary a retention notice asmentioned in section 90(10)(a), or to give a notice under section 90(10)(b)confirming the effect of a retention notice, the Investigatory PowersCommissioner must review the Secretary of State’s conclusions as to whetherthe requirement to be imposed by the notice as varied or confirmed to retainrelevant communications data is necessary and proportionate for one or moreof the purposes falling within paragraphs (a) to (j) of section 61(7).

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(2) In doing so, the Investigatory Powers Commissioner must—(a) apply the same principles as would be applied by a court on an

application for judicial review, and(b) consider the matters referred to in subsection (1) with a sufficient

degree of care as to ensure that the Investigatory Powers Commissionercomplies with the duties imposed by section 2 (general duties inrelation to privacy).

(3) Where the Investigatory Powers Commissioner refuses to approve a decisionto vary a retention notice as mentioned in section 90(10)(a), or to give a noticeunder section 90(10)(b) confirming the effect of a retention notice, theInvestigatory Powers Commissioner must give the Secretary of State writtenreasons for the refusal.

92 Data integrity and security

(1) A telecommunications operator who retains relevant communications data byvirtue of this Part must—

(a) secure that the data is of the same integrity, and subject to at least thesame security and protection, as the data on any system from which itis derived,

(b) secure, by appropriate technical and organisational measures, that thedata can be accessed only by specially authorised personnel, and

(c) protect, by appropriate technical and organisational measures, the dataagainst accidental or unlawful destruction, accidental loss or alteration,or unauthorised or unlawful retention, processing, access or disclosure.

(2) A telecommunications operator who retains relevant communications data byvirtue of this Part must destroy the data if the retention of the data ceases to beauthorised by virtue of this Part and is not otherwise authorised by law.

(3) The destruction of the data may take place at such monthly or shorter intervalsas appear to the operator to be practicable.

93 Disclosure of retained data

A telecommunications operator must put in place adequate security systems(including technical and organisational measures) governing access to relevantcommunications data retained by virtue of this Part in order to protect againstany unlawful disclosure.

Variation or revocation of notices

94 Variation or revocation of notices

(1) The Secretary of State may vary a retention notice.

(2) The Secretary of State must give, or publish, notice of the variation in suchmanner as the Secretary of State considers appropriate for bringing thevariation to the attention of the telecommunications operator (or description ofoperators) to whom it relates.

(3) A variation comes into force—(a) when notice of it is given or published in accordance with subsection

(2), or

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(b) (if later) at the time or times specified in the notice of variation.

(4) A retention notice may not be varied so as to require the retention of additionalrelevant communications data unless—

(a) the Secretary of State considers that the requirement is necessary andproportionate for one or more of the purposes falling withinparagraphs (a) to (j) of section 61(7), and

(b) subject to subsection (6), the decision to vary the notice has beenapproved by a Judicial Commissioner.

(5) The fact that additional relevant communications data which would beretained under a retention notice as varied relates to the activities in the BritishIslands of a trade union is not, of itself, sufficient to establish that therequirement to retain the data is necessary for one or more of the purposesfalling within paragraphs (a) to (j) of section 61(7).

(6) Subsection (4)(b) does not apply to a variation to which section 90(11) applies.

(7) Section 87(2) and (5) apply in relation to a retention notice as varied as theyapply in relation to a retention notice, but as if the references to the noticecoming into force included references to the variation coming into force.

(8) Sections 87(3), (4) and (8), 95 and 97, and subsections (1), (4), (13) and (16) ofthis section, apply in relation to a retention notice as varied as they apply inrelation to a retention notice.

(9) Section 88 applies in relation to the making of a variation as it applies inrelation to the giving of a retention notice (and, accordingly, the references tothe notice in section 88(1)(a) to (e) are to be read as references to the variation).

(10) Section 89 applies in relation to a decision to vary to which subsection (4)(b)above applies as it applies in relation to a decision to give a retention notice(and, accordingly, the reference in subsection (1) of that section to therequirement to be imposed by the notice is to be read as a reference to therequirement to be imposed by the variation).

(11) Section 90 applies (but only so far as the variation is concerned) in relation to aretention notice as varied (other than one varied as mentioned in subsection(10)(a) of that section) as it applies in relation to a retention notice.

(12) Section 91 applies in relation to a decision under section 90(10) to vary orconfirm a variation as it applies in relation to a decision to vary or confirm aretention notice (and, accordingly, the reference in subsection (1) of that sectionto the requirement to be imposed by the notice as varied or confirmed is to beread as a reference to the requirement to be imposed by the variation as variedor confirmed).

(13) The Secretary of State may revoke (whether wholly or in part) a retentionnotice.

(14) The Secretary of State must give or publish notice of the revocation in suchmanner as the Secretary of State considers appropriate for bringing therevocation to the attention of the operator (or description of operators) towhom it relates.

(15) A revocation comes into force—(a) when notice of it is given or published in accordance with subsection

(14), or

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(b) (if later) at the time or times specified in the notice of revocation.

(16) The fact that a retention notice has been revoked in relation to a particulardescription of communications data and a particular operator (or descriptionof operators) does not prevent the giving of another retention notice in relationto the same description of data and the same operator (or description ofoperators).

Enforcement

95 Enforcement of notices and certain other requirements and restrictions

(1) It is the duty of a telecommunications operator on whom a requirement orrestriction is imposed by—

(a) a retention notice, or(b) section 92 or 93,

to comply with the requirement or restriction.

(2) A telecommunications operator, or any person employed or engaged for thepurposes of the business of a telecommunications operator, must not disclosethe existence or contents of a retention notice to any other person.

(3) The Information Commissioner, or any member of staff of the InformationCommissioner, must not disclose the existence or contents of a retention noticeto any other person.

(4) Subsections (2) and (3) do not apply to a disclosure made with the permissionof the Secretary of State.

(5) The duty under subsection (1) or (2) is enforceable by civil proceedings by theSecretary of State for an injunction, or for specific performance of a statutoryduty under section 45 of the Court of Session Act 1988, or for any otherappropriate relief.

Further and supplementary provision

96 Application of Part 4 to postal operators and postal services

(1) This Part applies to postal operators and postal services as it applies totelecommunications operators and telecommunications services.

(2) In its application by virtue of subsection (1), this Part has effect as if—(a) any reference to a telecommunications operator were a reference to a

postal operator,(b) any reference to a telecommunications service were a reference to a

postal service,(c) any reference to a telecommunication system were a reference to a

postal service,(d) in section 87(3), for paragraph (b) there were substituted—

“(b) in the case of communications data which does not fallwithin paragraph (a) above but does fall withinparagraph (c) of the definition of “communicationsdata” in section 262(3), the day on which the person

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concerned leaves the postal service concerned or (ifearlier) the day on which the data is changed,”,

(e) for section 87(4) there were substituted—

“(4) A retention notice must not require an operator who provides apostal service (“the network operator”) to retain data which—

(a) relates to the use of a postal service provided by anotherpostal operator in relation to the postal service of thenetwork operator,

(b) is (or is capable of being) processed by the networkoperator as a result of being comprised in, included aspart of, attached to or logically associated with acommunication transmitted by means of the postalservice of the network operator as a result of the usementioned in paragraph (a),

(c) is not needed by the network operator for thefunctioning of the network operator’s postal service inrelation to that communication, and

(d) is not retained or used by the network operator for anyother lawful purpose,

and which it is reasonably practicable to separate from otherdata which is subject to the notice.”, and

(f) in section 87(11), the words from “and this expression” to the end wereomitted.

97 Extra-territorial application of Part 4

(1) A retention notice, and any requirement or restriction imposed by virtue of aretention notice or by section 92, 93 or 95(1) to (3), may relate to conduct outsidethe United Kingdom and persons outside the United Kingdom.

(2) But section 95(5), so far as relating to those requirements or restrictions, doesnot apply to a person outside the United Kingdom.

98 Part 4: interpretation

(1) In this Part—“notice” means notice in writing,“relevant communications data” has the meaning given by section 87(11),“retention notice” has the meaning given by section 87(1).

(2) See also—section 261 (telecommunications definitions),section 262 (postal definitions),section 263 (general definitions),section 265 (index of defined expressions).

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PART 5

EQUIPMENT INTERFERENCE

Warrants under this Part

99 Warrants under this Part: general

(1) There are two kinds of warrants which may be issued under this Part—(a) targeted equipment interference warrants (see subsection (2));(b) targeted examination warrants (see subsection (9)).

(2) A targeted equipment interference warrant is a warrant which authorises orrequires the person to whom it is addressed to secure interference with anyequipment for the purpose of obtaining—

(a) communications (see section 135);(b) equipment data (see section 100);(c) any other information.

(3) A targeted equipment interference warrant—(a) must also authorise or require the person to whom it is addressed to

secure the obtaining of the communications, equipment data or otherinformation to which the warrant relates;

(b) may also authorise that person to secure the disclosure, in any mannerdescribed in the warrant, of anything obtained under the warrant byvirtue of paragraph (a).

(4) The reference in subsections (2) and (3) to the obtaining of communications orother information includes doing so by—

(a) monitoring, observing or listening to a person’s communications orother activities;

(b) recording anything which is monitored, observed or listened to.

(5) A targeted equipment interference warrant also authorises the followingconduct (in addition to the conduct described in the warrant)—

(a) any conduct which it is necessary to undertake in order to do what isexpressly authorised or required by the warrant, including conduct forsecuring the obtaining of communications, equipment data or otherinformation;

(b) any conduct by any person which is conduct in pursuance of arequirement imposed by or on behalf of the person to whom thewarrant is addressed to be provided with assistance in giving effect tothe warrant.

(6) A targeted equipment interference warrant may not, by virtue of subsection(3), authorise or require a person to engage in conduct, in relation to acommunication other than a stored communication, which would (unless donewith lawful authority) constitute an offence under section 3(1) (unlawfulinterception).

(7) Subsection (5)(a) does not authorise a person to engage in conduct which couldnot be expressly authorised under the warrant because of the restrictionimposed by subsection (6).

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(8) In subsection (6), “stored communication” means a communication stored in orby a telecommunication system (whether before or after its transmission).

(9) A targeted examination warrant is a warrant which authorises the person towhom it is addressed to carry out the selection of protected material obtainedunder a bulk equipment interference warrant for examination, in breach of theprohibition in section 193(4) (prohibition on seeking to identifycommunications of, or private information relating to, individuals in theBritish Islands).In this Part, “protected material”, in relation to a targeted examination warrant,means any material obtained under a bulk equipment interference warrantunder Chapter 3 of Part 6, other than material which is—

(a) equipment data;(b) information (other than a communication or equipment data) which is

not private information.

(10) For provision enabling the combination of targeted equipment interferencewarrants with certain other warrants or authorisations (including targetedexamination warrants), see Schedule 8.

(11) Any conduct which is carried out in accordance with a warrant under this Partis lawful for all purposes.

100 Meaning of “equipment data”

(1) In this Part, “equipment data” means—(a) systems data;(b) data which falls within subsection (2).

(2) The data falling within this subsection is identifying data which—(a) is, for the purposes of a relevant system, comprised in, included as part

of, attached to or logically associated with a communication (whetherby the sender or otherwise) or any other item of information,

(b) is capable of being logically separated from the remainder of thecommunication or the item of information, and

(c) if it were so separated, would not reveal anything of what mightreasonably be considered to be the meaning (if any) of thecommunication or the item of information, disregarding any meaningarising from the fact of the communication or the existence of the itemof information or from any data relating to that fact.

(3) In subsection (2), “relevant system” means any system on or by means of whichthe data is held.

(4) For the meaning of “systems data” and “identifying data”, see section 263.

101 Subject-matter of warrants

(1) A targeted equipment interference warrant may relate to any one or more ofthe following matters—

(a) equipment belonging to, used by or in the possession of a particularperson or organisation;

(b) equipment belonging to, used by or in the possession of a group ofpersons who share a common purpose or who carry on, or may carryon, a particular activity;

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(c) equipment belonging to, used by or in the possession of more than oneperson or organisation, where the interference is for the purpose of asingle investigation or operation;

(d) equipment in a particular location;(e) equipment in more than one location, where the interference is for the

purpose of a single investigation or operation;(f) equipment which is being, or may be, used for the purposes of a

particular activity or activities of a particular description;(g) equipment which is being, or may be, used to test, maintain or develop

capabilities relating to interference with equipment for the purpose ofobtaining communications, equipment data or other information;

(h) equipment which is being, or may be, used for the training of personswho carry out, or are likely to carry out, such interference withequipment.

(2) A targeted examination warrant may relate to any one or more of the followingmatters—

(a) a particular person or organisation;(b) a group of persons who share a common purpose or who carry on, or

may carry on, a particular activity;(c) more than one person or organisation, where the conduct authorised by

the warrant is for the purpose of a single investigation or operation;(d) the testing, maintenance or development of capabilities relating to the

selection of protected material for examination;(e) the training of persons who carry out, or are likely to carry out, the

selection of such material for examination.

Power to issue warrants

102 Power to issue warrants to intelligence services: the Secretary of State

(1) The Secretary of State may, on an application made by or on behalf of the headof an intelligence service, issue a targeted equipment interference warrant if—

(a) the Secretary of State considers that the warrant is necessary ongrounds falling within subsection (5),

(b) the Secretary of State considers that the conduct authorised by thewarrant is proportionate to what is sought to be achieved by thatconduct,

(c) the Secretary of State considers that satisfactory arrangements made forthe purposes of sections 129 and 130 (safeguards relating to disclosureetc.) are in force in relation to the warrant, and

(d) except where the Secretary of State considers that there is an urgentneed to issue the warrant, the decision to issue the warrant has beenapproved by a Judicial Commissioner.

(2) But the Secretary of State may not issue a targeted equipment interferencewarrant under subsection (1) if—

(a) the Secretary of State considers that the only ground for considering thewarrant to be necessary is for the purpose of preventing or detectingserious crime, and

(b) the warrant, if issued, would authorise interference only withequipment which would be in Scotland at the time of the issue of the

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warrant or which the Secretary of State believes would be in Scotlandat that time.

For the power of the Scottish Ministers to issue a targeted equipmentinterference warrant, see section 103.

(3) The Secretary of State may, on an application made by or on behalf of the headof an intelligence service, issue a targeted examination warrant if—

(a) the Secretary of State considers that the warrant is necessary ongrounds falling within subsection (5),

(b) the Secretary of State considers that the conduct authorised by thewarrant is proportionate to what is sought to be achieved by thatconduct,

(c) the Secretary of State considers that the warrant is or may be necessaryto authorise the selection of protected material for examination inbreach of the prohibition in section 193(4) (prohibition on seeking toidentify communications of, or private information relating to,individuals in the British Islands), and

(d) except where the Secretary of State considers that there is an urgentneed to issue the warrant, the decision to issue the warrant has beenapproved by a Judicial Commissioner.

(4) But the Secretary of State may not issue a targeted examination warrant undersubsection (3) if the warrant, if issued, would relate only to a person whowould be in Scotland at the time of the issue of the warrant or whom theSecretary of State believes would be in Scotland at that time.For the power of the Scottish Ministers to issue a targeted examinationwarrant, see section 103.

(5) A warrant is necessary on grounds falling within this subsection if it isnecessary—

(a) in the interests of national security,(b) for the purpose of preventing or detecting serious crime, or(c) in the interests of the economic well-being of the United Kingdom so

far as those interests are also relevant to the interests of nationalsecurity.

(6) A warrant may be considered necessary on the ground falling withinsubsection (5)(c) only if the interference with equipment which would beauthorised by the warrant is considered necessary for the purpose of obtaininginformation relating to the acts or intentions of persons outside the BritishIslands.

(7) The fact that the information which would be obtained under a warrant relatesto the activities in the British Islands of a trade union is not, of itself, sufficientto establish that the warrant is necessary on grounds falling within subsection(5).

(8) An application for the issue of a warrant under this section may only be madeon behalf of the head of an intelligence service by a person holding office underthe Crown.

(9) Nothing in subsection (2) or (4) prevents the Secretary of State from doinganything under this section for the purposes specified in section 2(2) of theEuropean Communities Act 1972.

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103 Power to issue warrants to intelligence services: the Scottish Ministers

(1) The Scottish Ministers may, on an application made by or on behalf of the headof an intelligence service, issue a targeted equipment interference warrant if—

(a) the warrant authorises interference only with equipment which is inScotland at the time the warrant is issued or which the ScottishMinisters believe to be in Scotland at that time,

(b) the Scottish Ministers consider that the warrant is necessary for thepurpose of preventing or detecting serious crime,

(c) the Scottish Ministers consider that the conduct authorised by thewarrant is proportionate to what is sought to be achieved by thatconduct,

(d) the Scottish Ministers consider that satisfactory arrangements made forthe purposes of sections 129 and 130 (safeguards relating to disclosureetc.) are in force in relation to the warrant, and

(e) except where the Scottish Ministers consider that there is an urgentneed to issue the warrant, the decision to issue the warrant has beenapproved by a Judicial Commissioner.

(2) The Scottish Ministers may, on an application made by or on behalf of the headof an intelligence service, issue a targeted examination warrant if—

(a) the warrant relates only to a person who is in Scotland, or whom theScottish Ministers believe to be in Scotland, at the time of the issue ofthe warrant,

(b) the Scottish Ministers consider that the warrant is necessary for thepurpose of preventing or detecting serious crime,

(c) the Scottish Ministers consider that the conduct authorised by thewarrant is proportionate to what is sought to be achieved by thatconduct,

(d) the Scottish Ministers consider that the warrant is or may be necessaryto authorise the selection of protected material in breach of theprohibition in section 193(4) (prohibition on seeking to identifycommunications of, or private information relating to, individuals inthe British Islands), and

(e) except where the Scottish Ministers consider that there is an urgentneed to issue the warrant, the decision to issue the warrant has beenapproved by a Judicial Commissioner.

(3) The fact that the information which would be obtained under a warrant relatesto the activities in the British Islands of a trade union is not, of itself, sufficientto establish that the warrant is necessary as mentioned in subsection (1)(b) or(2)(b).

(4) An application for the issue of a warrant under this section may only be madeon behalf of the head of an intelligence service by a person holding office underthe Crown.

104 Power to issue warrants to the Chief of Defence Intelligence

(1) The Secretary of State may, on an application made by or on behalf of the Chiefof Defence Intelligence, issue a targeted equipment interference warrant if—

(a) the Secretary of State considers that the warrant is necessary in theinterests of national security,

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(b) the Secretary of State considers that the conduct authorised by thewarrant is proportionate to what is sought to be achieved by thatconduct,

(c) the Secretary of State considers that satisfactory arrangements made forthe purposes of sections 129 and 130 (safeguards relating to disclosureetc.) are in force in relation to the warrant, and

(d) except where the Secretary of State considers that there is an urgentneed to issue the warrant, the decision to issue the warrant has beenapproved by a Judicial Commissioner.

(2) The fact that the information which would be obtained under a warrant relatesto the activities in the British Islands of a trade union is not, of itself, sufficientto establish that the warrant is necessary as mentioned in subsection (1)(a).

(3) An application for the issue of a warrant under this section may only be madeon behalf of the Chief of Defence Intelligence by a person holding office underthe Crown.

105 Decision to issue warrants under sections 102 to 104 to be taken personally by Ministers

(1) The decision to issue a warrant under section 102 or 104 must be takenpersonally by the Secretary of State.

(2) The decision to issue a warrant under section 103 must be taken personally bya member of the Scottish Government.

(3) Before a warrant under section 102, 103 or 104 is issued, it must be signed bythe person who has taken the decision to issue it (subject to subsection (4)).

(4) If it is not reasonably practicable for a warrant to be signed by the person whohas taken the decision to issue it, the warrant may be signed by a senior officialdesignated by the Secretary of State or (as the case may be) the ScottishMinisters for that purpose.

(5) In such a case, the warrant must contain a statement that—(a) it is not reasonably practicable for the warrant to be signed by the

person who took the decision to issue it, and(b) the Secretary of State or (as the case may be) a member of the Scottish

Government has personally and expressly authorised the issue of thewarrant.

106 Power to issue warrants to law enforcement officers

(1) A law enforcement chief described in Part 1 or 2 of the table in Schedule 6 may,on an application made by a person who is an appropriate law enforcementofficer in relation to the chief, issue a targeted equipment interference warrantif—

(a) the law enforcement chief considers that the warrant is necessary forthe purpose of preventing or detecting serious crime,

(b) the law enforcement chief considers that the conduct authorised by thewarrant is proportionate to what is sought to be achieved by thatconduct,

(c) the law enforcement chief considers that satisfactory arrangementsmade for the purposes of sections 129 and 130 (safeguards relating todisclosure etc.) are in force in relation to the warrant, and

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(d) except where the law enforcement chief considers that there is anurgent need to issue the warrant, the decision to issue the warrant hasbeen approved by a Judicial Commissioner.

(2) The fact that the information which would be obtained under a warrant relatesto the activities in the British Islands of a trade union is not, of itself, sufficientto establish that the warrant is necessary as mentioned in subsection (1)(a).

(3) A law enforcement chief described in Part 1 of the table in Schedule 6 may, onan application made by a person who is an appropriate law enforcement officerin relation to the chief, issue a targeted equipment interference warrant if—

(a) the law enforcement chief considers that the warrant is necessary forthe purpose of preventing death or any injury or damage to a person’sphysical or mental health or of mitigating any injury or damage to aperson’s physical or mental health,

(b) the law enforcement chief considers that the conduct authorised by thewarrant is proportionate to what is sought to be achieved by thatconduct,

(c) the law enforcement chief considers that satisfactory arrangementsmade for the purposes of sections 129 and 130 (safeguards relating todisclosure etc.) are in force in relation to the warrant, and

(d) except where the law enforcement chief considers that there is anurgent need to issue the warrant, the decision to issue the warrant hasbeen approved by a Judicial Commissioner.

(4) If it is not reasonably practicable for a law enforcement chief to consider anapplication under this section, an appropriate delegate may, in an urgent case,exercise the power to issue a targeted equipment interference warrant.

(5) For the purposes of this section—(a) a person is a law enforcement chief if the person is listed in the first

column of the table in Schedule 6;(b) a person is an appropriate delegate in relation to a law enforcement

chief listed in the first column if the person is listed in thecorresponding entry in the second column of that table;

(c) a person is an appropriate law enforcement officer in relation to a lawenforcement chief listed in the first column if the person is listed in thecorresponding entry in the third column of that table.

(6) Where the law enforcement chief is the Chief Constable or the Deputy ChiefConstable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland, the reference in subsection(1)(a) to the purpose of preventing or detecting serious crime includes areference to the interests of national security.

(7) A law enforcement chief who is an immigration officer may consider that thecondition in subsection (1)(a) is satisfied only if the serious crime relates to anoffence which is an immigration or nationality offence (whether or not it alsorelates to other offences).

(8) A law enforcement chief who is an officer of Revenue and Customs mayconsider that the condition in subsection (1)(a) is satisfied only if the seriouscrime relates to an assigned matter within the meaning of section 1(1) of theCustoms and Excise Management Act 1979.

(9) A law enforcement chief who is a designated customs official may considerthat the condition in subsection (1)(a) is satisfied only if the serious crime

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relates to a matter in respect of which a designated customs official hasfunctions.

(10) A law enforcement chief who is the chair of the Competition and MarketsAuthority may consider that the condition in subsection (1)(a) is satisfied onlyif the offence, or all of the offences, to which the serious crime relates areoffences under section 188 of the Enterprise Act 2002.

(11) A law enforcement chief who is the chairman, or a deputy chairman, of theIndependent Police Complaints Commission may consider that the conditionin subsection (1)(a) is satisfied only if the offence, or all of the offences, to whichthe serious crime relates are offences that are being investigated as part of aninvestigation by the Commission under Schedule 3 to the Police Reform Act2002.

(12) A law enforcement chief who is the Police Investigations and ReviewCommissioner may consider that the condition in subsection (1)(a) is satisfiedonly if the offence, or all of the offences, to which the serious crime relates areoffences that are being investigated under section 33A(b)(i) of the Police, PublicOrder and Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 2006.

(13) For the purpose of subsection (7), an offence is an immigration or nationalityoffence if conduct constituting the offence—

(a) relates to the entitlement of one or more persons who are not nationalsof the United Kingdom to enter, transit across, or be in, the UnitedKingdom (including conduct which relates to conditions or othercontrols on any such entitlement), or

(b) is undertaken for the purposes of or otherwise in relation to—(i) the British Nationality Act 1981;

(ii) the Hong Kong Act 1985;(iii) the Hong Kong (War Wives and Widows) Act 1996;(iv) the British Nationality (Hong Kong) Act 1997;(v) the British Overseas Territories Act 2002;

(vi) an instrument made under any of those Acts.

(14) In this section—“designated customs official” has the same meaning as in Part 1 of the

Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009 (see section 14(6) of thatAct);

“immigration officer” means a person appointed as an immigrationofficer under paragraph 1 of Schedule 2 to the Immigration Act 1971.

107 Restriction on issue of warrants to certain law enforcement officers

(1) A law enforcement chief specified in subsection (2) may not issue a targetedequipment interference warrant under section 106 unless the law enforcementchief considers that there is a British Islands connection.

(2) The law enforcement chiefs specified in this subsection are—(a) the Chief Constable of a police force maintained under section 2 of the

Police Act 1996;(b) the Commissioner, or an Assistant Commissioner, of the metropolitan

police force;(c) the Commissioner of Police for the City of London;

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(d) the chief constable of the Police Service of Scotland;(e) the Chief Constable or a Deputy Chief Constable of the Police Service

of Northern Ireland;(f) the Chief Constable of the British Transport Police Force;(g) the Chief Constable of the Ministry for Defence Police;(h) the chairman, or a deputy chairman, of the Independent Police

Complaints Commission;(i) the Police Investigations and Review Commissioner.

(3) The Director General of the National Crime Agency may not issue a targetedequipment interference warrant on the application of a member of acollaborative police force unless the Director General considers that there is aBritish Islands connection.“Collaborative police force” has the meaning given by paragraph 2 of Part 3 ofSchedule 6.

(4) For the purpose of this section, there is a British Islands connection if—(a) any of the conduct authorised by the warrant would take place in the

British Islands (regardless of the location of the equipment that would,or may, be interfered with),

(b) any of the equipment which would, or may, be interfered with would,or may, be in the British Islands at some time while the interference istaking place, or

(c) a purpose of the interference is to obtain—(i) communications sent by, or to, a person who is, or whom the

law enforcement officer believes to be, for the time being in theBritish Islands,

(ii) information relating to an individual who is, or whom the lawenforcement officer believes to be, for the time being in theBritish Islands, or

(iii) equipment data which forms part of, or is connected with,communications or information falling within sub-paragraph(i) or (ii).

(5) Except as provided by subsections (1) to (3), a targeted equipment interferencewarrant may be issued under section 106 whether or not the person who haspower to issue the warrant considers that there is a British Islands connection.

Approval of warrants by Judicial Commissioners

108 Approval of warrants by Judicial Commissioners

(1) In deciding whether to approve a person’s decision to issue a warrant underthis Part, a Judicial Commissioner must review the person’s conclusions as tothe following matters—

(a) whether the warrant is necessary on any relevant grounds (seesubsection (3)), and

(b) whether the conduct which would be authorised by the warrant isproportionate to what is sought to be achieved by that conduct.

(2) In doing so, the Judicial Commissioner must— (a) apply the same principles as would be applied by a court on an

application for judicial review, and

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(b) consider the matters referred to in subsection (1) with a sufficientdegree of care as to ensure that the Judicial Commissioner complieswith the duties imposed by section 2 (general duties in relation toprivacy).

(3) In subsection (1)(a), “relevant grounds” means—(a) in the case of a decision to issue a warrant under section 102, grounds

falling within section 102(5);(b) in the case of a decision to issue a warrant under section 103, the

purpose of preventing or detecting serious crime;(c) in the case of a decision to issue a warrant under section 104, the

interests of national security;(d) in the case of a decision to issue a warrant under section 106(1), the

purpose mentioned in section 106(1)(a);(e) in the case of a decision to issue a warrant under section 106(3), the

purpose mentioned in section 106(3)(a).

(4) Where a Judicial Commissioner refuses to approve a person’s decision to issuea warrant under this Part, the Judicial Commissioner must give the personwritten reasons for the refusal.

(5) Where a Judicial Commissioner, other than the Investigatory PowersCommissioner, refuses to approve a person’s decision to issue a warrant underthis Part, the person may ask the Investigatory Powers Commissioner to decidewhether to approve the decision to issue the warrant.

109 Approval of warrants issued in urgent cases

(1) This section applies where— (a) a warrant under this Part is issued without the approval of a Judicial

Commissioner, and(b) the person who issued the warrant considered that there was an urgent

need to issue it.

(2) The person who issued the warrant must inform a Judicial Commissioner thatit has been issued.

(3) The Judicial Commissioner must, before the end of the relevant period— (a) decide whether to approve the decision to issue the warrant, and(b) notify the person of the Judicial Commissioner’s decision.

“The relevant period” means the period ending with the third working dayafter the day on which the warrant was issued.

(4) If a Judicial Commissioner refuses to approve the decision to issue a warrant,the warrant—

(a) ceases to have effect (unless already cancelled), and(b) may not be renewed,

and section 108(5) does not apply in relation to the refusal to approve thedecision.

(5) Section 110 contains further provision about what happens if a JudicialCommissioner refuses to approve the decision to issue a warrant.

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110 Failure to approve warrant issued in urgent case

(1) This section applies where under section 109(3) a Judicial Commissionerrefuses to approve the decision to issue a warrant.

(2) The person to whom the warrant was addressed must, so far as is reasonablypracticable, secure that anything in the process of being done under thewarrant stops as soon as possible.

(3) Where the refusal relates to a targeted equipment interference warrant, theJudicial Commissioner may—

(a) authorise further interference with equipment for the purpose ofenabling the person to whom the warrant was addressed to secure thatanything in the process of being done under the warrant stops as soonas possible;

(b) direct that any of the material obtained under the warrant is destroyed;(c) impose conditions as to the use or retention of any of that material.

(4) Where the refusal relates to a targeted examination warrant, the JudicialCommissioner may impose conditions as to the use of any protected materialselected for examination under the warrant.

(5) The Judicial Commissioner—(a) may require an affected party to make representations about how the

Judicial Commissioner should exercise any function under subsection(3) or (4), and

(b) must have regard to any such representations made by an affectedparty (whether or not as a result of a requirement imposed underparagraph (a)).

(6) Each of the following is an “affected party” for the purposes of subsection (5)—(a) the person who decided to issue the warrant;(b) the person to whom the warrant was addressed.

(7) The person who decided to issue the warrant may ask the InvestigatoryPowers Commissioner to review a decision made by any other JudicialCommissioner under subsection (3) or (4).

(8) On a review under subsection (7), the Investigatory Powers Commissionermay—

(a) confirm the Judicial Commissioner’s decision, or(b) make a fresh determination.

(9) Nothing in this section or section 109 affects the lawfulness of— (a) anything done under the warrant before it ceases to have effect;(b) if anything is in the process of being done under the warrant when it

ceases to have effect—(i) anything done before that thing could be stopped, or

(ii) anything done that it is not reasonably practicable to stop.

Additional safeguards

111 Members of Parliament etc.

(1) Subsection (3) applies where—

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(a) an application is made to the Secretary of State for a targetedequipment interference warrant, and

(b) the purpose of the warrant is to obtain—(i) communications sent by, or intended for, a person who is a

member of a relevant legislature, or(ii) a member of a relevant legislature’s private information.

(2) Subsection (3) also applies where—(a) an application is made to the Secretary of State for a targeted

examination warrant, and(b) the purpose of the warrant is to authorise the selection for examination

of protected material which consists of—(i) communications sent by, or intended for, a person who is a

member of a relevant legislature, or(ii) a member of a relevant legislature’s private information.

(3) The Secretary of State may not issue the warrant without the approval of thePrime Minister.

(4) Subsection (5) applies where—(a) an application is made under section 106 to a law enforcement chief for

a targeted equipment interference warrant, and(b) the purpose of the warrant is to obtain—

(i) communications sent by, or intended for, a person who is amember of a relevant legislature, or

(ii) a member of a relevant legislature’s private information.

(5) The law enforcement chief may not issue the warrant without the approval ofthe Secretary of State unless the law enforcement chief believes that thewarrant (if issued) would authorise interference only with equipment whichwould be in Scotland at the time of the issue of the warrant or which the lawenforcement chief believes would be in Scotland at that time.

(6) The Secretary of State may give approval for the purposes of subsection (5)only with the approval of the Prime Minister.

(7) In a case where the decision whether to issue a targeted equipment interferencewarrant is to be taken by an appropriate delegate in relation to a lawenforcement chief under section 106(4), the reference in subsection (5) to thelaw enforcement chief is to be read as a reference to the appropriate delegate.

(8) In this section “member of a relevant legislature” means—(a) a member of either House of Parliament;(b) a member of the Scottish Parliament;(c) a member of the National Assembly for Wales;(d) a member of the Northern Ireland Assembly;(e) a member of the European Parliament elected for the United Kingdom.

112 Items subject to legal privilege

(1) Subsections (2) to (5) apply if—(a) an application is made for a warrant under this Part, and(b) the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the warrant is—

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(i) in the case of a targeted equipment interference warrant, toauthorise or require interference with equipment for thepurpose of obtaining items subject to legal privilege, or

(ii) in the case of a targeted examination warrant, to authorise theselection of such items for examination.

(2) The application must contain a statement that the purpose, or one of thepurposes, of the warrant is to authorise or require interference with equipmentfor the purpose of obtaining items subject to legal privilege or (in the case of atargeted examination warrant) the selection for examination of items subject tolegal privilege.

(3) In deciding whether to issue the warrant, the person to whom the applicationis made must have regard to the public interest in the confidentiality of itemssubject to legal privilege.

(4) The person to whom the application is made may issue the warrant only if theperson considers—

(a) that there are exceptional and compelling circumstances which make itnecessary to authorise or require interference with equipment for thepurpose of obtaining items subject to legal privilege or (in the case of atargeted examination warrant) the selection for examination of itemssubject to legal privilege, and

(b) that the arrangements made for the purposes of section 129 or (as thecase may be) section 191 (safeguards relating to retention anddisclosure of material) include specific arrangements for the handling,retention, use and destruction of such items.

(5) But the warrant may not be issued if it is considered necessary only asmentioned in section 102(5)(c).

(6) For the purposes of subsection (4)(a), there cannot be exceptional andcompelling circumstances that make it necessary to authorise or requireinterference with equipment for the purpose of obtaining, or the selection forexamination of, items subject to legal privilege unless—

(a) the public interest in obtaining the information that would be obtainedby the warrant outweighs the public interest in the confidentiality ofitems subject to legal privilege,

(b) there are no other means by which the information may reasonably beobtained, and

(c) in the case of a warrant considered necessary for the purposes ofpreventing or detecting serious crime or as mentioned in section106(3)(a), obtaining the information is necessary for the purpose ofpreventing death or significant injury.

(7) Subsections (8) and (9) apply if— (a) an application is made for a warrant under this Part,(b) the applicant considers that the relevant material is likely to include

items subject to legal privilege, and(c) subsections (2) to (5) do not apply.

(8) The application must contain—(a) a statement that the applicant considers that the relevant material is

likely to include items subject to legal privilege, and(b) an assessment of how likely it is that the relevant material will include

such items.

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(9) The person to whom the application is made may issue the warrant only if theperson considers that the arrangements made for the purposes of section 129or (as the case may be) section 191 include specific arrangements for thehandling, retention, use and destruction of items subject to legal privilege.

(10) In this section, “relevant material” means—(a) in relation to a targeted equipment interference warrant, any material

the obtaining of which is authorised or required under the warrant;(b) in relation to a targeted examination warrant, any protected material

which the warrant authorises to be selected for examination.

(11) Subsections (12) and (13) apply if—(a) an application is made for a warrant under this Part,(b) the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the warrant is—

(i) in the case of a targeted equipment interference warrant, toauthorise or require interference with equipment for thepurpose of obtaining communications or other items ofinformation that, if they were not communications made or (asthe case may be) other items of information created or held withthe intention of furthering a criminal purpose, would be itemssubject to legal privilege, or

(ii) in the case of a targeted examination warrant, to authorise theselection of such communications or other items of informationfor examination, and

(c) the applicant considers that the communications or the other items ofinformation (“the targeted communications or other items ofinformation”) are likely to be communications made or (as the case maybe) other items of information created or held with the intention offurthering a criminal purpose.

(12) The application must—(a) contain a statement that the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the

warrant is—(i) to authorise or require interference with equipment for the

purpose of obtaining communications or other items ofinformation that, if they were not communications made or (asthe case may be) other items of information created or held withthe intention of furthering a criminal purpose, would be itemssubject to legal privilege, or

(ii) (in the case of a targeted examination warrant) to authorise theselection of such communications or other items of informationfor examination, and

(b) set out the reasons for believing that the targeted communications orother items of information are likely to be communications made or (asthe case may be) other items of information created or held with theintention of furthering a criminal purpose.

(13) The person to whom the application is made may issue the warrant only if theperson considers that the targeted communications or other items ofinformation are likely to be communications made or (as the case may be) otheritems of information created or held with the intention of furthering a criminalpurpose.

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113 Confidential journalistic material

(1) This section applies if an application is made for a warrant under this Part andthe purpose, or one of the purposes, of the warrant—

(a) in the case of a targeted equipment interference warrant, to authorise orrequire interference with equipment for the purpose of obtainingcommunications or other items of information which the applicant forthe warrant believes will be communications or other items ofinformation containing confidential journalistic material, or

(b) in the case of a targeted examination warrant, to authorise the selectionfor examination of journalistic material which the applicant for thewarrant believes is confidential journalistic material.

(2) The application must contain a statement that the purpose, or one of thepurposes, of the warrant is—

(a) in the case of a targeted equipment interference warrant, to authorise orrequire interference with equipment for the purpose of obtainingcommunications or other items of information which the applicant forthe warrant believes will be communications or other items ofinformation containing confidential journalistic material, or

(b) in the case of a targeted examination warrant, to authorise the selectionfor examination of journalistic material which the applicant for thewarrant believes is confidential journalistic material.

(3) The person to whom the application is made may issue the warrant only if theperson considers that the arrangements made for the purposes of section 129or (as the case may be) section 191 (safeguards relating to retention anddisclosure of material) include specific arrangements for the handling,retention, use and destruction of communications or other items ofinformation containing confidential journalistic material.

(4) For the meaning of “journalistic material” and “confidential journalisticmaterial”, see section 264.

114 Sources of journalistic information

(1) This section applies if an application is made for a warrant under this Part andthe purpose, or one of the purposes, of the warrant is to identify or confirm asource of journalistic information.(For the meaning of “source of journalistic information”, see section 263(1).)

(2) The application must contain a statement that the purpose, or one of thepurposes, of the warrant is to identify or confirm a source of journalisticinformation.

(3) The person to whom the application is made may issue the warrant only if theperson considers that the arrangements made for the purposes of section 129or (as the case may be) section 191 (safeguards relating to retention anddisclosure of material) include specific arrangements for the handling,retention, use and destruction of communications or other items ofinformation that identify sources of journalistic information.

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Further provision about warrants

115 Requirements that must be met by warrants

(1) A warrant under this Part must contain a provision stating whether it is atargeted equipment interference warrant or a targeted examination warrant.

(2) A warrant under this Part must be addressed—(a) in the case of a warrant issued under section 102 or 103, to the head of

the intelligence service by whom or on whose behalf the application forthe warrant was made;

(b) in the case of a warrant issued under section 104, to the Chief of DefenceIntelligence;

(c) in the case of a warrant issued under section 106 by a law enforcementchief (or by an appropriate delegate in relation to a law enforcementchief), to a person who—

(i) is an appropriate law enforcement officer in relation to the lawenforcement chief, and

(ii) is named or described in the warrant.

(3) In the case of a targeted equipment interference warrant which relates to amatter described in the first column of the Table below, the warrant mustinclude the details specified in the second column.

Matter Details to be included in the warrant

Equipment belonging to,used by or in the possessionof a particular person ororganisation

The name of the person ororganisation or a descriptionof the person or organisation

Equipment belonging to,used by or in the possessionof persons who form agroup which shares acommon purpose or whocarry on, or may carry on, aparticular activity

A description of the purposeor activity and the name of,or a description of, as manyof the persons as it isreasonably practicable toname or describe

Equipment used by or in thepossession of more than oneperson or organisation,where the interference is forthe purpose of a singleinvestigation or operation

A description of the natureof the investigation oroperation and the name of,or a description of, as manyof the persons ororganisations as it isreasonably practicable toname or describe

Equipment in a particularlocation

A description of the location

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(4) A targeted equipment interference warrant must also describe—(a) the type of equipment which is to be interfered with, and(b) the conduct which the person to whom the warrant is addressed is

authorised to take.

(5) In the case of a targeted examination warrant which relates to a matterdescribed in the first column of the Table below, the warrant must include thedetails specified in the second column.

Equipment in more than onelocation, where theinterference is for thepurpose of a singleinvestigation or operation

A description of the natureof the investigation oroperation and a descriptionof as many of the locationsas it is reasonablypracticable to describe

Equipment which is being,or may be, used for thepurposes of a particularactivity or activities of aparticular description

A description of theparticular activity oractivities

Equipment which is being,or may be, used to test,maintain or developcapabilities relating tointerference with equipment

A description of the natureof the testing, maintenanceor development ofcapabilities

Equipment which is being,or may be, used for thetraining of persons whocarry out, or are likely tocarry out, interference withequipment

A description of the natureof the training

Matter Details to be included in the warrant

A particular person ororganisation

The name of the person ororganisation or a descriptionof the person or organisation

A group of persons whoshare a common purpose orwho carry on or may carryon a particular activity

A description of the purposeor activity and the name of,or a description of, as manyof the persons as it isreasonably practicable toname or describe

Matter Details to be included in the warrant

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116 Duration of warrants

(1) A warrant issued under this Part ceases to have effect at the end of the relevantperiod (see subsection (2)), unless—

(a) it is renewed before the end of that period (see section 117), or(b) it is cancelled or otherwise ceases to have effect before the end of that

period (see sections 109 and 125).

(2) In this section, “the relevant period”—(a) in the case of an urgent warrant which has not been renewed, means the

period ending with the fifth working day after the day on which thewarrant was issued;

(b) in any other case, means the period of 6 months beginning with—(i) the day on which the warrant was issued, or

(ii) in the case of a warrant which has been renewed, the day afterthe day at the end of which the warrant would have ceased tohave effect if it had not been renewed.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2)(a), a warrant is an “urgent warrant” if—(a) the warrant was issued without the approval of a Judicial

Commissioner, and(b) the person who decided to issue the warrant considered that there was

an urgent need to issue it.

117 Renewal of warrants

(1) If the renewal conditions are met, a warrant issued under this Part may berenewed, at any time during the renewal period, by an instrument issued bythe appropriate person (see subsection (3)).

More than one person ororganisation, where theinterference is for thepurpose of a singleinvestigation or operation

A description of the natureof the investigation oroperation and the name of,or a description of, as manyof the persons ororganisations as it isreasonably practicable toname or describe

The testing, maintenance ordevelopment of capabilitiesrelating to the selection ofprotected material forexamination

A description of the natureof the testing, maintenanceor development ofcapabilities

The training of persons whocarry out, or are likely tocarry out, the selection ofprotected material forexamination

A description of the natureof the training

Matter Details to be included in the warrant

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(2) The renewal conditions are—(a) that the appropriate person considers that the warrant continues to be

necessary on any relevant grounds,(b) that the appropriate person considers that the conduct that would be

authorised by the renewed warrant continues to be proportionate towhat is sought to be achieved by that conduct,

(c) that, in the case of a targeted examination warrant, the appropriateperson considers that the warrant continues to be necessary toauthorise the selection of protected material for examination in breachof the prohibition in section 193(4), and

(d) that the decision to renew the warrant has been approved by a JudicialCommissioner.

(3) The appropriate person is—(a) in the case of a warrant issued under section 102 or 104, the Secretary of

State;(b) in the case of a warrant issued under section 103, a member of the

Scottish Government;(c) in the case of a warrant issued under section 106 by a law enforcement

chief or by an appropriate delegate in relation to the law enforcementchief, either—

(i) the law enforcement chief, or(ii) if the warrant was issued by an appropriate delegate, that

person.

(4) In subsection (2)(a), “relevant grounds” means—(a) in the case of a warrant issued under section 102, grounds falling within

section 102(5),(b) in the case of a warrant issued under section 103, the purpose of

preventing or detecting serious crime,(c) in the case of a warrant issued under section 104, the interests of

national security,(d) in the case of a warrant issued under section 106(1), the purpose

mentioned in section 106(1)(a), or(e) in the case of a warrant issued under section 106(3), the purpose

mentioned in section 106(3)(a).

(5) “The renewal period” means—(a) in the case of an urgent warrant which has not been renewed, the

relevant period;(b) in any other case, the period of 30 days ending with the day at the end

of which the warrant would otherwise cease to have effect.

(6) The decision to renew a warrant issued under section 102 or 104 must be takenpersonally by the Secretary of State, and the instrument renewing the warrantmust be signed by the Secretary of State.

(7) The decision to renew a warrant issued under section 103 must be takenpersonally by a member of the Scottish Government, and the instrumentrenewing the warrant must be signed by the person who took that decision.

(8) The instrument renewing a warrant issued under section 106 must be signedby the person who renews it.

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(9) Section 108 (approval of warrants by Judicial Commissioners) applies inrelation to a decision to renew a warrant under this Part as it applies in relationto a decision to issue such a warrant (and accordingly any reference in thatsection to the person who decided to issue the warrant is to be read as areference to the person who decided to renew it).

(10) Sections 111 to 114 (additional safeguards) apply in relation to a decision torenew a warrant under this Part as they apply in relation to a decision to issuesuch a warrant.

(11) In this section—“relevant period” has the same meaning as in section 116;“urgent warrant” is to be read in accordance with subsection (3) of that

section.

118 Modification of warrants issued by the Secretary of State or Scottish Ministers

(1) The provisions of a warrant issued under section 102, 103 or 104 may bemodified at any time by an instrument issued by the person making themodification.

(2) The only modifications which may be made under this section are—(a) adding to the matters to which the warrant relates (see section 101(1)

and (2)), by including the details required in relation to that matter bysection 115(3) or (5);

(b) removing a matter to which the warrant relates;(c) adding (in relation to a matter to which the warrant relates) a name or

description to the names or descriptions included in the warrant inaccordance with section 115(3) or (5);

(d) varying or removing (in relation to a matter to which the warrantrelates) a name or description included in the warrant in accordancewith section 115(3) or (5);

(e) adding to the descriptions of types of equipment included in thewarrant in accordance with section 115(4)(a);

(f) varying or removing a description of a type of equipment included inthe warrant in accordance with section 115(4)(a).

(3) But—(a) where a targeted equipment interference warrant relates only to a

matter specified in section 101(1)(a), only to a matter specified insection 101(1)(d), or only to both such matters, the details included inthe warrant in accordance with section 115(3) may not be modified;

(b) where a targeted examination warrant relates only to a matter specifiedin section 101(2)(a), the details included in the warrant in accordancewith section 115(5) may not be modified.

(4) The decision to modify the provisions of a warrant must be taken personallyby the person making the modification, and the instrument making themodification must be signed by that person.This is subject to section 120(7).

(5) Nothing in this section applies in relation to modifying the provisions of awarrant in a way which does not affect the conduct authorised or required byit.

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(6) Sections 119 to 122 contain further provision about making modificationsunder this section.

119 Persons who may make modifications under section 118

(1) The persons who may make modifications under section 118 of a warrant are(subject to subsection (2))—

(a) in the case of a warrant issued by the Secretary of State under section102 or 104—

(i) the Secretary of State, or(ii) a senior official acting on behalf of the Secretary of State;

(b) in the case of a warrant issued by the Scottish Ministers under section103—

(i) a member of the Scottish Government, or(ii) a senior official acting on behalf of the Scottish Ministers.

(2) Any of the following persons may also make modifications under section 118of a warrant, but only where the person considers that there is an urgent needto make the modification—

(a) the person to whom the warrant is addressed;(b) a person who holds a senior position in the same public authority as the

person mentioned in paragraph (a).Section 122 contains provision about the approval of modifications made inurgent cases.

(3) Subsection (2) is subject to section 120(4) and (5) (special rules where any ofsections 111 to 114 applies in relation to the making of a modification undersection 118).

(4) For the purposes of subsection (2)(b), a person holds a senior position in apublic authority if—

(a) in the case of any of the intelligence services—(i) the person is a member of the Senior Civil Service or a member

of the Senior Management Structure of Her Majesty’sDiplomatic Service, or

(ii) the person holds a position in the intelligence service ofequivalent seniority to such a person;

(b) in the case of the Ministry of Defence—(i) the person is a member of the Senior Civil Service, or

(ii) the person is of or above the rank of brigadier, commodore orair commodore.

120 Further provision about modifications under section 118

(1) A modification, other than a modification removing any matter, name ordescription, may be made under section 118 only if the person making themodification considers—

(a) that the modification is necessary on any relevant grounds (seesubsection (2)), and

(b) that the conduct authorised by the modification is proportionate towhat is sought to be achieved by that conduct.

(2) In subsection (1)(a), “relevant grounds” means—

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(a) in the case of a warrant issued under section 102, grounds falling withinsection 102(5);

(b) in the case of a warrant issued under section 103, the purpose ofpreventing or detecting serious crime;

(c) in the case of a warrant issued under section 104, the interests ofnational security.

(3) Sections 111 to 114 (additional safeguards) apply in relation to the making of amodification to a warrant under section 118, other than a modificationremoving any matter, name or description, as they apply in relation to theissuing of a warrant.

(4) Where section 111 applies in relation to the making of a modification—(a) the modification must be made by the Secretary of State, and(b) the modification has effect only if the decision to make the modification

has been approved by a Judicial Commissioner.

(5) Where section 112, 113 or 114 applies in relation to the making of amodification—

(a) the modification must be made by —(i) the Secretary of State or (in the case of a warrant issued by the

Scottish Ministers) a member of the Scottish Government, or(ii) if a senior official acting on behalf of a person within sub-

paragraph (i) considers that there is an urgent need to make themodification, that senior official, and

(b) except where the person making the modification considers that thereis an urgent need to make it, the modification has effect only if thedecision to make the modification has been approved by a JudicialCommissioner.

(6) In a case where any of sections 111 to 114 applies in relation to the making of amodification, section 108 (approval of warrants by Judicial Commissioners)applies in relation to the decision to make the modification as it applies inrelation to a decision to issue a warrant, but as if—

(a) the references in subsection (1)(a) and (b) of that section to the warrantwere references to the modification, and

(b) any reference to the person who decided to issue the warrant were areference to the person who decided to make the modification.

Section 122 contains provision about the approval of modifications made inurgent cases.

(7) If, in a case where any of sections 111 to 114 applies in relation to the makingof a modification, it is not reasonably practicable for the instrument making themodification to be signed by the Secretary of State or (as the case may be) amember of the Scottish Government in accordance with section 118(4), theinstrument may be signed by a senior official designated by the Secretary ofState or (as the case may be) the Scottish Ministers for that purpose.

(8) In such a case, the instrument making the modification must contain astatement that—

(a) it is not reasonably practicable for the instrument to be signed by theperson who took the decision to make the modification, and

(b) the Secretary of State or (as the case may be) a member of the ScottishGovernment has personally and expressly authorised the making of themodification.

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121 Notification of modifications

(1) As soon as is reasonably practicable after a person makes a modification of awarrant under section 118, a Judicial Commissioner must be notified of themodification and the reasons for making it.

(2) But subsection (1) does not apply where—(a) the modification is to remove any matter, name or description included

in the warrant in accordance with section 115(3) to (5),(b) the modification is made by virtue of section 119(2), or(c) any of sections 111 to 114 applies in relation to the making of the

modification.

(3) Where a modification is made by a senior official in accordance with section119(1) or section 120(5)(a)(ii), the Secretary of State or (in the case of a warrantissued by the Scottish Ministers) a member of the Scottish Government mustbe notified personally of the modification and the reasons for making it.

122 Approval of modifications under section 118 made in urgent cases

(1) This section applies where a person makes a modification of a warrant byvirtue of section 119(2).

(2) This section also applies where—(a) section 112, 113 or 114 applies in relation to the making of a

modification under section 118,(b) the person making the modification does so without the approval of a

Judicial Commissioner, and(c) the person considered that there was an urgent need to make the

modification.

(3) The person who made the modification must inform the appropriate personthat it has been made.

(4) In this section—“the appropriate person” is—

(a) in a case falling within subsection (1), a designated seniorofficial, and

(b) in a case falling within subsection (2), a Judicial Commissioner;“designated senior official” means a senior official who has been

designated by the Secretary of State or (in the case of warrants issuedby the Scottish Ministers) the Scottish Ministers for the purposes of thissection.

(5) The appropriate person must, before the end of the relevant period— (a) decide whether to approve the decision to make the modification, and(b) notify the person of the appropriate person’s decision.

“The relevant period” means the period ending with the third working dayafter the day on which the modification was made.

(6) As soon as is reasonably practicable after a designated senior official makes adecision under subsection (5)—

(a) a Judicial Commissioner must be notified of— (i) the decision, and

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(ii) if the senior official has decided to approve the decision to makethe modification, the modification in question, and

(b) the Secretary of State or (in the case of a warrant issued by the ScottishMinisters) a member of the Scottish Government must be notifiedpersonally of the matters mentioned in paragraph (a)(i) and (ii).

(7) If the appropriate person refuses to approve the decision to make themodification—

(a) the warrant (unless it no longer has effect) has effect as if themodification had not been made, and

(b) the person to whom the warrant is addressed must, so far as isreasonably practicable, secure that anything in the process of beingdone under the warrant by virtue of that modification stops as soon aspossible;

and, in a case falling within subsection (2) above, section 108(5) does not applyin relation to the refusal to approve the decision.

(8) In a case where the appropriate person refuses to approve a decision to makea modification of a targeted equipment interference warrant, the appropriateperson may authorise further interference with equipment for the purpose ofenabling the person to whom the warrant is addressed to secure that anythingin the process of being done under the warrant by virtue of the modificationstops as soon as possible.

(9) If the appropriate person authorises further interference with equipmentunder subsection (8), the Secretary of State or (in the case of a warrant issuedby the Scottish Ministers) a member of the Scottish Government must benotified personally of the authorisation.

(10) Nothing in this section affects the lawfulness of— (a) anything done under the warrant by virtue of the modification before

the modification ceases to have effect;(b) if anything is in the process of being done under the warrant by virtue

of the modification when the modification ceases to have effect— (i) anything done before that thing could be stopped, or

(ii) anything done which it is not reasonably practicable to stop.

123 Modification of warrants issued by law enforcement chiefs

(1) The provisions of a warrant issued under section 106 by a law enforcementchief, or by an appropriate delegate in relation to that chief, may be modifiedat any time—

(a) by the law enforcement chief, or(b) if the warrant was issued by an appropriate delegate, by that person.

(2) The only modifications which may be made under this section are—(a) adding to the matters to which the warrant relates (see section 101(1)

and (2)), by including the details required in relation to that matter bysection 115(3) or (5);

(b) removing a matter to which the warrant relates;(c) adding (in relation to a matter to which the warrant relates) a name or

description to the names or descriptions included in the warrant inaccordance with section 115(3) or (5);

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(d) varying or removing (in relation to a matter to which the warrantrelates) a name or description included in the warrant in accordancewith section 115(3) or (5);

(e) adding to the descriptions of types of equipment included in thewarrant in accordance with section 115(4)(a);

(f) varying or removing a description of a type of equipment included inthe warrant in accordance with section 115(4)(a).

(3) But where a warrant relates only to a matter specified in section 101(1)(a), onlyto a matter specified in section 101(1)(d), or only to both such matters, thedetails included in the warrant in accordance with section 115(3) may not bemodified.

(4) A modification may be made only if—(a) except in the case of a modification removing any matter, name or

description, the person making the modification considers that—(i) the modification is necessary on any relevant grounds (see

subsection (5)), and(ii) the conduct authorised by the modification is proportionate to

what is sought to be achieved by that conduct, and(b) except where the person making the modification considers that there

is an urgent need to make it, the decision to make the modification hasbeen approved by a Judicial Commissioner.

(5) In subsection (4)(a), “relevant grounds” means—(a) in the case of a warrant issued under section 106(1), the purpose

mentioned in section 106(1)(a);(b) in the case of a warrant issued under section 106(3), the purpose

mentioned in section 106(3)(a).

(6) The decision to make any modification must be taken personally by the personmaking the modification, and the instrument making the modification must besigned by that person.

(7) Section 108 (approval of warrants by Judicial Commissioners) applies inrelation to a decision to make a modification of a warrant issued under section106 as it applies in relation to a decision to issue such a warrant, but as if—

(a) the references in subsection (1)(a) and (b) of that section to the warrantwere references to the modification, and

(b) any reference to the person who decided to issue the warrant were areference to the person who decided to make the modification.

(8) Sections 111 to 114 (additional safeguards) apply in relation to the making of amodification to a warrant under this section, other than a modificationremoving any matter, name or description, as they apply in relation to theissuing of a warrant.

(9) In the application of section 111 in accordance with subsection (8), subsection(5) is to be read as if for the words from “unless” to the end of the subsectionthere were substituted “unless the law enforcement chief believes that thewarrant (as modified) would authorise interference only with equipmentwhich would be in Scotland at the time of the making of the modification orwhich the law enforcement chief believes would be in Scotland at that time”.

(10) Where section 111 applies in relation to the making of a modification to awarrant under this section, subsection (4)(b) of this section has effect in relation

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to the making of the modification as if the words “except where the personmaking the modification considers that there is an urgent need to make it”were omitted.

(11) Nothing in this section applies in relation to modifying the provisions of awarrant in a way which does not affect the conduct authorised or required byit.

124 Approval of modifications under section 123 in urgent cases

(1) This section applies where— (a) a modification is made under section 123 without the approval of a

Judicial Commissioner, and(b) the person who made the modification considered that there was an

urgent need to make it.

(2) The person who made the modification must inform a Judicial Commissionerthat it has been made.

(3) The Judicial Commissioner must, before the end of the relevant period— (a) decide whether to approve the decision to make the modification, and(b) notify the person of the Judicial Commissioner’s decision.

“The relevant period” means the period ending with the third working dayafter the day on which the modification was made.

(4) If the Judicial Commissioner refuses to approve the decision to make themodification—

(a) the person who issued the warrant must be notified of the refusal,(b) the warrant (unless it no longer has effect) has effect as if the

modification had not been made, and(c) the person to whom the warrant is addressed must, so far as is

reasonably practicable, secure that anything in the process of beingdone under the warrant by virtue of that modification stops as soon aspossible;

and section 108(5) does not apply in relation to the refusal to approve thedecision.

(5) In a case where a Judicial Commissioner refuses to approve a decision to makea modification of a targeted equipment interference warrant, the JudicialCommissioner may authorise further interference with equipment for thepurpose of enabling the person to whom the warrant is addressed to securethat anything in the process of being done under the warrant by virtue of themodification stops as soon as possible.

(6) If the Judicial Commissioner authorises further interference with equipmentunder subsection (5), the person who issued the warrant must be informed ofthe authorisation.

(7) Nothing in this section affects the lawfulness of— (a) anything done under the warrant by virtue of the modification before

the modification ceases to have effect;(b) if anything is in the process of being done under the warrant by virtue

of the modification when the modification ceases to have effect— (i) anything done before that thing could be stopped, or

(ii) anything done which it is not reasonably practicable to stop.

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125 Cancellation of warrants

(1) Any of the appropriate persons may cancel a warrant issued under this Part atany time.

(2) If any of the appropriate persons considers that—(a) a warrant issued under this Part is no longer necessary on any relevant

grounds, or(b) the conduct authorised by a warrant issued under this Part is no longer

proportionate to what is sought to be achieved by the conduct,the person must cancel the warrant.

(3) In subsection (2)(a), “relevant grounds” means—(a) in the case of a warrant issued under section 102, grounds falling within

section 102(5);(b) in the case of a warrant issued under section 103, the purpose of

preventing or detecting serious crime;(c) in the case of a warrant issued under section 104, the interests of

national security;(d) in the case of a warrant issued under section 106(1), the purpose

mentioned in section 106(1)(a);(e) in the case of a warrant issued under section 106(3), the purpose

mentioned in section 106(3)(a).

(4) For the purposes of this section, “the appropriate persons” are—(a) in the case of a warrant issued by the Secretary of State under section

102 or 104, the Secretary of State or a senior official acting on behalf ofthe Secretary of State;

(b) in the case of a warrant issued by the Scottish Ministers under section103, a member of the Scottish Government or a senior official acting onbehalf of the Scottish Ministers;

(c) in the case of a warrant issued under section 106 by a law enforcementchief or by an appropriate delegate in relation to the law enforcementchief, either—

(i) the law enforcement chief, or(ii) if the warrant was issued by an appropriate delegate, that

person.

(5) Where a warrant is cancelled under this section, the person to whom thewarrant was addressed must, so far as is reasonably practicable, secure thatanything in the process of being done under the warrant stops as soon aspossible.

(6) A warrant that has been cancelled under this section may not be renewed.

Implementation of warrants

126 Implementation of warrants

(1) In giving effect to a targeted equipment interference warrant, the person towhom it is addressed (“the implementing authority”) may (in addition toacting alone) act through, or together with, such other persons as theimplementing authority may require (whether under subsection (2) or

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otherwise) to provide the authority with assistance in giving effect to thewarrant.

(2) For the purpose of requiring any person to provide assistance in relation to atargeted equipment interference warrant, the implementing authority may—

(a) serve a copy of the warrant on any person whom the implementingauthority considers may be able to provide such assistance, or

(b) make arrangements for the service of a copy of the warrant on any suchperson.

(3) A copy of a warrant may be served under subsection (2) on a person outsidethe United Kingdom for the purpose of requiring the person to provide suchassistance in the form of conduct outside the United Kingdom.

(4) For the purposes of this Act, the provision of assistance in giving effect to atargeted equipment interference warrant includes any disclosure to theimplementing authority, or to persons acting on that person’s behalf, ofmaterial obtained under the warrant.

(5) The references in subsections (2) and (3) and sections 127 and 128 to the serviceof a copy of a warrant include—

(a) the service of a copy of one or more schedules contained in the warrantwith the omission of the remainder of the warrant, and

(b) the service of a copy of the warrant with the omission of any schedulecontained in it.

127 Service of warrants

(1) This section applies to the service of warrants under section 126(2).

(2) A copy of the warrant must be served in such a way as to bring the contents ofthe warrant to the attention of the person who the implementing authorityconsiders may be able to provide assistance in relation to it.

(3) A copy of a warrant may be served on a person outside the United Kingdom inany of the following ways (as well as by electronic or other means of service)—

(a) by serving it at the person’s principal office within the United Kingdomor, if the person has no such office in the United Kingdom, at any placein the United Kingdom where the person carries on business orconducts activities;

(b) if the person has specified an address in the United Kingdom as one atwhich the person, or someone on the person’s behalf, will acceptservice of documents of the same description as a copy of a warrant, byserving it at that address;

(c) by making it available for inspection (whether to the person or tosomeone acting on the person’s behalf) at a place in the UnitedKingdom (but this is subject to subsection (4)).

(4) A copy of a warrant may be served on a person outside the United Kingdom inthe way mentioned in subsection (3)(c) only if—

(a) it is not reasonably practicable for a copy to be served by any othermeans (whether as mentioned in subsection (3)(a) or (b) or otherwise),and

(b) the implementing authority takes such steps as it considers appropriatefor the purpose of bringing the contents of the warrant, and theavailability of a copy for inspection, to the attention of the person.

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(5) The steps mentioned in subsection (4)(b) must be taken as soon as reasonablypracticable after the copy of the warrant is made available for inspection.

(6) In this section, “the implementing authority” has the same meaning as insection 126.

128 Duty of telecommunications operators to assist with implementation

(1) A telecommunications operator that has been served with a copy of a targetedequipment interference warrant issued by the Secretary of State under section102 or 104, or by the Scottish Ministers under section 103, must take all stepsfor giving effect to the warrant which are notified to the telecommunicationsoperator by or on behalf of the person to whom the warrant is addressed.

(2) A telecommunications operator that has been served with a copy of a targetedequipment interference warrant issued under section 106 and addressed to alaw enforcement officer mentioned in subsection (3) must take all steps forgiving effect to the warrant which—

(a) were approved by the Secretary of State or, in the case of a warrantaddressed to a constable of the Police Service of Scotland, by theScottish Ministers, before the warrant was served, and

(b) are notified to the telecommunications operator by or on behalf of thelaw enforcement officer.

(3) The law enforcement officers mentioned in this subsection are—(a) a National Crime Agency officer;(b) an officer of Revenue and Customs;(c) a constable of the Police Service of Scotland;(d) a member of the Police Service of Northern Ireland;(e) a member of the metropolitan police force.

(4) The Secretary of State or the Scottish Ministers may give approval for thepurposes of subsection (2)(a) if the Secretary of State or (as the case may be) theScottish Ministers consider that—

(a) it is necessary for the telecommunications operator to be required totake the steps, and

(b) the steps are proportionate to what is sought to be achieved by them.

(5) A telecommunications operator is not required to take any steps which it is notreasonably practicable for the telecommunications operator to take.

(6) Where obligations have been imposed on a telecommunications operator (“P”)under section 253 (technical capability notices), for the purposes of subsection(5) the steps which it is reasonably practicable for P to take include every stepwhich it would have been reasonably practicable for P to take if P hadcomplied with all of those obligations.

(7) The duty imposed by subsection (1) or (2) is enforceable against a person in theUnited Kingdom by civil proceedings by the Secretary of State for aninjunction, or for specific performance of a statutory duty under section 45 ofthe Court of Session Act 1988, or for any other appropriate relief.

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Supplementary provision

129 Safeguards relating to retention and disclosure of material

(1) The issuing authority must ensure, in relation to every targeted equipmentinterference warrant issued by that authority, that arrangements are in forcefor securing that the requirements of subsections (2) and (5) are met in relationto the material obtained under the warrant.This is subject to subsection (10).

(2) The requirements of this subsection are met in relation to the material obtainedunder a warrant if each of the following is limited to the minimum that isnecessary for the authorised purposes (see subsection (3))—

(a) the number of persons to whom any of the material is disclosed orotherwise made available;

(b) the extent to which any of the material is disclosed or otherwise madeavailable;

(c) the extent to which any of the material is copied;(d) the number of copies that are made.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2), something is necessary for the authorisedpurposes if, and only if—

(a) it is, or is likely to become, necessary on any relevant grounds (seesubsection (7)),

(b) it is necessary for facilitating the carrying out of any functions underthis Act of the Secretary of State, the Scottish Ministers or the person towhom the warrant is or was addressed,

(c) it is necessary for facilitating the carrying out of any functions of theJudicial Commissioners or of the Investigatory Powers Tribunal underor in relation to this Act,

(d) it is necessary for the purpose of legal proceedings, or(e) it is necessary for the performance of the functions of any person under

any enactment.

(4) The arrangements for the time being in force under this section for securingthat the requirements of subsection (2) are met in relation to the materialobtained under the warrant must include arrangements for securing that everycopy made of any of that material is stored, for so long as it is retained, in asecure manner.

(5) The requirements of this subsection are met in relation to the material obtainedunder a warrant if every copy made of any of that material (if not destroyedearlier) is destroyed as soon as there are no longer any grounds for retaining it(see subsection (6)).

(6) For the purposes of subsection (5), there are no longer any grounds forretaining a copy of any material if, and only if—

(a) its retention is not necessary, or not likely to become necessary, on anyrelevant grounds (see subsection (7)), and

(b) its retention is not necessary for any of the purposes mentioned inparagraphs (b) to (e) of subsection (3) above.

(7) In subsections (3) and (6), “relevant grounds” means—(a) in relation to a warrant issued under section 102, grounds falling within

section 102(5);

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(b) in relation to a warrant issued under section 103, the purpose ofpreventing or detecting serious crime;

(c) in relation to a warrant issued under section 104, the interests ofnational security;

(d) in the case of a warrant issued under section 106(1), the purposementioned in section 106(1)(a);

(e) in the case of a warrant issued under section 106(3), the purposementioned in section 106(3)(a).

(8) Where— (a) material obtained under a targeted equipment interference warrant is

retained, following its examination, for purposes other than thedestruction of the material, and

(b) it is material that contains confidential journalistic material or identifiesa source of journalistic material,

the person to whom the warrant is addressed must inform the InvestigatoryPowers Commissioner as soon as is reasonably practicable.

(9) Subsection (10) applies if—(a) any material obtained under the warrant has been handed over to any

overseas authorities, or(b) a copy of any such material has been given to any overseas authorities.

(10) To the extent that the requirements of subsections (2) and (5) relate to any ofthe material mentioned in subsection (9)(a), or to the copy mentioned insubsection (9)(b), the arrangements made for the purpose of this section are notrequired to secure that those requirements are met (see instead section 130).

(11) In this section— “copy”, in relation to material obtained under a warrant, means any of the

following (whether or not in documentary form)— (a) any copy, extract or summary of the material which identifies

the material as having been obtained under the warrant, and(b) any record which is a record of the identities of persons who

owned, used or were in possession of the equipment which wasinterfered with to obtain that material,

and “copied” is to be read accordingly;“the issuing authority” means—

(a) in the case of a warrant issued under section 102 or 104, theSecretary of State;

(b) in the case of a warrant issued under section 103, the ScottishMinisters;

(c) in the case of a warrant issued under section 106, the lawenforcement chief who issued the warrant (or on whose behalfit was issued);

“overseas authorities” means authorities of a country or territory outsidethe United Kingdom.

130 Safeguards relating to disclosure of material overseas

(1) The issuing authority must ensure, in relation to every targeted equipmentinterference warrant, that arrangements are in force for securing that—

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(a) any material obtained under the warrant is handed over to overseasauthorities only if the requirements of subsection (2) are met, and

(b) copies of any such material are given to overseas authorities only ifthose requirements are met.

(2) The requirements of this subsection are met in the case of a warrant if it appearsto the issuing authority that requirements corresponding to the requirementsof section 129(2) and (5) will apply, to such extent (if any) as the issuingauthority considers appropriate, in relation to any of the material which ishanded over, or any copy of which is given, to the authorities in question.

(3) In this section— “copy” has the same meaning as in section 129;“issuing authority” also has the same meaning as in that section;“overseas authorities” means authorities of a country or territory outside

the United Kingdom.

131 Additional safeguards for items subject to legal privilege

(1) This section applies where an item subject to legal privilege which has beenobtained under a targeted equipment interference warrant is retained,following its examination, for purposes other than the destruction of the item.

(2) The person to whom the warrant is addressed must inform the InvestigatoryPowers Commissioner of the retention of the item as soon as is reasonablypracticable.

(3) Unless the Investigatory Powers Commissioner considers that subsection (5)applies to the item, the Commissioner must—

(a) direct that the item is destroyed, or(b) impose one or more conditions as to the use or retention of that item.

(4) If the Investigatory Powers Commissioner considers that subsection (5) appliesto the item, the Commissioner may nevertheless impose such conditions undersubsection (3)(b) as the Commissioner considers necessary for the purpose ofprotecting the public interest in the confidentiality of items subject to legalprivilege.

(5) This subsection applies to an item subject to legal privilege if—(a) the public interest in retaining the item outweighs the public interest in

the confidentiality of items subject to legal privilege, and(b) retaining the item is necessary in the interests of national security or for

the purpose of preventing death or significant injury.

(6) The Investigatory Powers Commissioner—(a) may require an affected party to make representations about how the

Commissioner should exercise any function under subsection (3), and(b) must have regard to any such representations made by an affected

party (whether or not as a result of a requirement imposed underparagraph (a)).

(7) Each of the following is an “affected party” for the purposes of subsection (6)—(a) the issuing authority (within the meaning given by section 129(11));(b) the person to whom the warrant is or was addressed.

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132 Duty not to make unauthorised disclosures

(1) A person to whom this section applies must not make an unauthoriseddisclosure to another person.

(2) A person makes an unauthorised disclosure for the purposes of this section if— (a) the person discloses any of the matters within subsection (4) in relation

to a warrant under this Part, and(b) the disclosure is not an excepted disclosure (see section 133).

(3) This section applies to the following persons—(a) any person who may apply for a warrant under this Part;(b) any person holding office under the Crown;(c) any person employed by, or for the purposes of, a police force;(d) any telecommunications operator;(e) any person employed or engaged for the purposes of any business of a

telecommunications operator;(f) any person to whom any of the matters within subsection (4) have been

disclosed in relation to a warrant under this Part.

(4) The matters referred to in subsection (2)(a) are— (a) the existence or contents of the warrant;(b) the details of the issue of the warrant or of any renewal or modification

of the warrant;(c) the existence or contents of any requirement to provide assistance in

giving effect to the warrant;(d) the steps taken in pursuance of the warrant or of any such requirement;(e) any of the material obtained under the warrant in a form which

identifies it as having been obtained under a warrant under this Part.

133 Section 132: meaning of “excepted disclosure”

(1) For the purposes of section 132, a disclosure made in relation to a warrant is anexcepted disclosure if it falls within any of the Heads set out in—

(a) subsection (2) (disclosures authorised by warrant etc.);(b) subsection (3) (oversight bodies);(c) subsection (4) (legal proceedings);(d) subsection (6) (disclosures of a general nature).

(2) Head 1 is— (a) a disclosure authorised by the warrant;(b) a disclosure authorised by the person to whom the warrant is or was

addressed or under any arrangements made by that person for thepurposes of this section;

(c) a disclosure authorised by the terms of any requirement to provideassistance in giving effect to the warrant (including any requirementfor disclosure imposed by virtue of section 126(4)).

(3) Head 2 is—(a) a disclosure made to, or authorised by, a Judicial Commissioner;(b) a disclosure made to the Independent Police Complaints Commission

for the purposes of facilitating the carrying out of any of its functions;

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(c) a disclosure made to the Intelligence and Security Committee ofParliament for the purposes of facilitating the carrying out of any of itsfunctions.

(4) Head 3 is—(a) a disclosure made—

(i) in contemplation of, or in connection with, any legalproceedings, and

(ii) for the purposes of those proceedings;(b) a disclosure made—

(i) by a professional legal adviser (“L”) to L’s client or arepresentative of L’s client, or

(ii) by L’s client, or by a representative of L’s client, to L,in connection with the giving, by L to L’s client, of advice about theeffect of the provisions of this Part.

(5) But a disclosure within Head 3 is not an excepted disclosure if it is made withthe intention of furthering a criminal purpose.

(6) Head 4 is—(a) a disclosure which—

(i) is made by a telecommunications operator in accordance with arequirement imposed by regulations made by the Secretary ofState, and

(ii) consists of statistical information of a description specified inthe regulations;

(b) a disclosure of information that does not relate to any particularwarrant under this Part but relates to such warrants in general.

134 Offence of making unauthorised disclosure

(1) A person commits an offence if—(a) the person discloses any matter in breach of section 132(1), and(b) the person knew that the disclosure was in breach of that section.

(2) A person who is guilty of an offence under this section is liable— (a) on summary conviction in England and Wales—

(i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months (or 6months, if the offence was committed before thecommencement of section 154(1) of the Criminal Justice Act2003), or

(ii) to a fine,or to both;

(b) on summary conviction in Scotland— (i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months, or

(ii) to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum,or to both;

(c) on summary conviction in Northern Ireland— (i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months, or

(ii) to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum,or to both;

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(d) on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding5 years or to a fine, or to both.

(3) In proceedings against any person for an offence under this section in respectof any disclosure, it is a defence for the person to show that the person couldnot reasonably have been expected, after first becoming aware of the matterdisclosed, to take steps to prevent the disclosure.

135 Part 5: interpretation

(1) In this Part—“communication” includes—

(a) anything comprising speech, music, sounds, visual images ordata of any description, and

(b) signals serving either for the impartation of anything betweenpersons, between a person and a thing or between things or forthe actuation or control of any apparatus;

“equipment” means equipment producing electromagnetic, acoustic orother emissions or any device capable of being used in connection withsuch equipment;

“equipment data” has the meaning given by section 100;“private information” includes information relating to a person’s private

or family life;“protected material”, in relation to a targeted examination warrant, has

the meaning given by section 99(9); “senior official” means—

(a) in the case of a targeted equipment interference warrant whichis or may be issued by the Secretary of State or a lawenforcement chief, or in the case of a targeted examinationwarrant which is or may be issued by the Secretary of State, amember of the Senior Civil Service or a member of the SeniorManagement Structure of Her Majesty’s Diplomatic Service;

(b) in the case of a targeted equipment interference warrant or atargeted examination warrant which is or may be issued by theScottish Ministers, a member of the staff of the ScottishAdministration who is a member of the Senior Civil Service;

“targeted examination warrant” has the meaning given by section 99(9).

(2) See also—section 261 (telecommunications definitions),section 263 (general definitions),section 264 (general definitions: “journalistic material” etc.),section 265 (index of defined expressions).

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PART 6

BULK WARRANTS

CHAPTER 1

BULK INTERCEPTION WARRANTS

Bulk interception warrants

136 Bulk interception warrants

(1) For the purposes of this Act a “bulk interception warrant” is a warrant issuedunder this Chapter which meets conditions A and B.

(2) Condition A is that the main purpose of the warrant is one or more of thefollowing—

(a) the interception of overseas-related communications (see subsection(3));

(b) the obtaining of secondary data from such communications (see section137).

(3) In this Chapter “overseas-related communications” means—(a) communications sent by individuals who are outside the British

Islands, or(b) communications received by individuals who are outside the British

Islands.

(4) Condition B is that the warrant authorises or requires the person to whom it isaddressed to secure, by any conduct described in the warrant, any one or moreof the following activities—

(a) the interception, in the course of their transmission by means of atelecommunication system, of communications described in thewarrant;

(b) the obtaining of secondary data from communications transmitted bymeans of such a system and described in the warrant;

(c) the selection for examination, in any manner described in the warrant,of intercepted content or secondary data obtained under the warrant;

(d) the disclosure, in any manner described in the warrant, of anythingobtained under the warrant to the person to whom the warrant isaddressed or to any person acting on that person’s behalf.

(5) A bulk interception warrant also authorises the following conduct (in additionto the conduct described in the warrant)—

(a) any conduct which it is necessary to undertake in order to do what isexpressly authorised or required by the warrant, including—

(i) the interception of communications not described in thewarrant, and

(ii) conduct for obtaining secondary data from suchcommunications;

(b) conduct by any person which is conduct in pursuance of a requirementimposed by or on behalf of the person to whom the warrant isaddressed to be provided with assistance in giving effect to thewarrant;

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(c) any conduct for obtaining related systems data from anytelecommunications operator.

(6) For the purposes of subsection (5)(c)— “related systems data”, in relation to a warrant, means systems data

relating to a relevant communication or to the sender or recipient, orintended recipient, of a relevant communication (whether or not aperson), and

“relevant communication”, in relation to a warrant, means—(a) any communication intercepted in accordance with the warrant

in the course of its transmission by means of atelecommunication system, or

(b) any communication from which secondary data is obtainedunder the warrant.

137 Obtaining secondary data

(1) This section has effect for the purposes of this Chapter.

(2) References to obtaining secondary data from a communication transmitted bymeans of a telecommunication system are references to obtaining such data—

(a) while the communication is being transmitted, or(b) at any time when the communication is stored in or by the system

(whether before or after its transmission),and references to secondary data obtained under a bulk interception warrantare to be read accordingly.

(3) “Secondary data”, in relation to a communication transmitted by means of atelecommunication system, means any data falling within subsection (4) or (5).

(4) The data falling within this subsection is systems data which is comprised in,included as part of, attached to or logically associated with the communication(whether by the sender or otherwise).

(5) The data falling within this subsection is identifying data which—(a) is comprised in, included as part of, attached to or logically associated

with the communication (whether by the sender or otherwise),(b) is capable of being logically separated from the remainder of the

communication, and(c) if it were so separated, would not reveal anything of what might

reasonably be considered to be the meaning (if any) of thecommunication, disregarding any meaning arising from the fact of thecommunication or from any data relating to the transmission of thecommunication.

(6) For the meaning of “systems data” and “identifying data”, see section 263.

138 Power to issue bulk interception warrants

(1) The Secretary of State may, on an application made by or on behalf of the headof an intelligence service, issue a bulk interception warrant if—

(a) the Secretary of State considers that the main purpose of the warrant isone or more of the following—

(i) the interception of overseas-related communications, and(ii) the obtaining of secondary data from such communications,

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(b) the Secretary of State considers that the warrant is necessary— (i) in the interests of national security, or

(ii) on that ground and on any other grounds falling withinsubsection (2),

(c) the Secretary of State considers that the conduct authorised by thewarrant is proportionate to what is sought to be achieved by thatconduct,

(d) the Secretary of State considers that— (i) each of the specified operational purposes (see section 142) is a

purpose for which the examination of intercepted content orsecondary data obtained under the warrant is or may benecessary, and

(ii) the examination of intercepted content or secondary data foreach such purpose is necessary on any of the grounds on whichthe Secretary of State considers the warrant to be necessary,

(e) the Secretary of State considers that satisfactory arrangements made forthe purposes of sections 150 and 151 (safeguards relating to disclosureetc.) are in force in relation to the warrant,

(f) in a case where the Secretary of State considers that atelecommunications operator outside the United Kingdom is likely tobe required to provide assistance in giving effect to the warrant if it isissued, the Secretary of State has complied with section 139, and

(g) the decision to issue the warrant has been approved by a JudicialCommissioner.

For the meaning of “head of an intelligence service”, see section 263.

(2) A warrant is necessary on grounds falling within this subsection if it isnecessary—

(a) for the purpose of preventing or detecting serious crime, or(b) in the interests of the economic well-being of the United Kingdom so

far as those interests are also relevant to the interests of nationalsecurity (but see subsection (3)).

(3) A warrant may be considered necessary on the ground falling withinsubsection (2)(b) only if the information which it is considered necessary toobtain is information relating to the acts or intentions of persons outside theBritish Islands.

(4) A warrant may not be considered necessary in the interests of national securityor on any other grounds falling within subsection (2) if it is considerednecessary only for the purpose of gathering evidence for use in any legalproceedings.

(5) An application for the issue of a bulk interception warrant may only be madeon behalf of the head of an intelligence service by a person holding office underthe Crown.

139 Additional requirements in respect of warrants affecting overseas operators

(1) This section applies where— (a) an application for a bulk interception warrant has been made, and(b) the Secretary of State considers that a telecommunications operator

outside the United Kingdom is likely to be required to provideassistance in giving effect to the warrant if it is issued.

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(2) Before issuing the warrant, the Secretary of State must consult the operator.

(3) Before issuing the warrant, the Secretary of State must, among other matters,take into account—

(a) the likely benefits of the warrant,(b) the likely number of users (if known) of any telecommunications

service which is provided by the operator and to which the warrantrelates,

(c) the technical feasibility of complying with any requirement that may beimposed on the operator to provide assistance in giving effect to thewarrant,

(d) the likely cost of complying with any such requirement, and(e) any other effect of the warrant on the operator.

140 Approval of warrants by Judicial Commissioners

(1) In deciding whether to approve a decision to issue a warrant under section 138,a Judicial Commissioner must review the Secretary of State’s conclusions as tothe following matters—

(a) whether the warrant is necessary as mentioned in subsection (1)(b) ofthat section,

(b) whether the conduct that would be authorised by the warrant isproportionate to what is sought to be achieved by that conduct,

(c) whether— (i) each of the specified operational purposes (see section 142) is a

purpose for which the examination of intercepted content orsecondary data obtained under the warrant is or may benecessary, and

(ii) the examination of intercepted content or secondary data foreach such purpose is necessary as mentioned in section138(1)(d)(ii), and

(d) any matters taken into account in accordance with section 139.

(2) In doing so, the Judicial Commissioner must— (a) apply the same principles as would be applied by a court on an

application for judicial review, and(b) consider the matters referred to in subsection (1) with a sufficient

degree of care as to ensure that the Judicial Commissioner complieswith the duties imposed by section 2 (general duties in relation toprivacy).

(3) Where a Judicial Commissioner refuses to approve a decision to issue awarrant under section 138, the Judicial Commissioner must give the Secretaryof State written reasons for the refusal.

(4) Where a Judicial Commissioner, other than the Investigatory PowersCommissioner, refuses to approve a decision to issue a warrant under section138, the Secretary of State may ask the Investigatory Powers Commissioner todecide whether to approve the decision to issue the warrant.

141 Decisions to issue warrants to be taken personally by Secretary of State

(1) The decision to issue a bulk interception warrant must be taken personally bythe Secretary of State.

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(2) Before a bulk interception warrant is issued, it must be signed by the Secretaryof State.

142 Requirements that must be met by warrants

(1) A bulk interception warrant must contain a provision stating that it is a bulkinterception warrant.

(2) A bulk interception warrant must be addressed to the head of the intelligenceservice by whom, or on whose behalf, the application for the warrant wasmade.

(3) A bulk interception warrant must specify the operational purposes for whichany intercepted content or secondary data obtained under the warrant may beselected for examination.

(4) The operational purposes specified in the warrant must be ones specified, in alist maintained by the heads of the intelligence services (“the list of operationalpurposes”), as purposes which they consider are operational purposes forwhich intercepted content or secondary data obtained under bulk interceptionwarrants may be selected for examination.

(5) The warrant may, in particular, specify all of the operational purposes which,at the time the warrant is issued, are specified in the list of operationalpurposes.

(6) An operational purpose may be specified in the list of operational purposesonly with the approval of the Secretary of State.

(7) The Secretary of State may give such approval only if satisfied that theoperational purpose is specified in a greater level of detail than the descriptionscontained in section 138(1)(b) or (2).

(8) At the end of each relevant three-month period the Secretary of State must givea copy of the list of operational purposes to the Intelligence and SecurityCommittee of Parliament.

(9) In subsection (8) “relevant three-month period” means—(a) the period of three months beginning with the day on which this

section comes into force, and(b) each successive period of three months.

(10) The Prime Minister must review the list of operational purposes at least once ayear.

(11) In this Chapter “the specified operational purposes”, in relation to a bulkinterception warrant, means the operational purposes specified in the warrantin accordance with this section.

Duration, modification and cancellation of warrants

143 Duration of warrants

(1) A bulk interception warrant (unless already cancelled) ceases to have effect atthe end of the period of 6 months beginning with—

(a) the day on which the warrant was issued, or

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(b) in the case of a warrant that has been renewed, the day after the day atthe end of which the warrant would have ceased to have effect if it hadnot been renewed.

(2) For provision about the renewal of warrants, see section 144.

144 Renewal of warrants

(1) If the renewal conditions are met, a bulk interception warrant may be renewed,at any time during the renewal period, by an instrument issued by theSecretary of State.This is subject to subsection (6).

(2) The renewal conditions are—(a) that the Secretary of State considers that the warrant continues to be

necessary— (i) in the interests of national security, or

(ii) on that ground and on any other grounds falling within section138(2),

(b) that the Secretary of State considers that the conduct that would beauthorised by the renewed warrant continues to be proportionate towhat is sought to be achieved by that conduct,

(c) that the Secretary of State considers that— (i) each of the specified operational purposes (see section 142) is a

purpose for which the examination of intercepted content orsecondary data obtained under the warrant continues to be, ormay be, necessary, and

(ii) the examination of intercepted content or secondary data foreach such purpose continues to be necessary on any of thegrounds on which the Secretary of State considers that thewarrant continues to be necessary, and

(d) that the decision to renew the warrant has been approved by a JudicialCommissioner.

(3) “The renewal period” means the period of 30 days ending with the day at theend of which the warrant would otherwise cease to have effect.

(4) The decision to renew a bulk interception warrant must be taken personally bythe Secretary of State, and the instrument renewing the warrant must be signedby the Secretary of State.

(5) Section 140 (approval of warrants by Judicial Commissioners) applies inrelation to a decision to renew a bulk interception warrant as it applies inrelation to a decision to issue a bulk interception warrant, but with theomission of paragraph (d) of subsection (1).This is subject to subsection (6).

(6) In the case of the renewal of a bulk interception warrant that has been modifiedso that it no longer authorises or requires the interception of communicationsor the obtaining of secondary data—

(a) the renewal condition in subsection (2)(a) is to be disregarded,(b) the reference in subsection (2)(c)(ii) to the grounds on which the

Secretary of State considers the warrant to be necessary is to be read asa reference to any grounds falling within section 138(1)(b) or (2), and

(c) section 140 has effect as if—

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(i) paragraph (a) of subsection (1) were omitted, and(ii) the reference in subsection (1)(c)(ii) to the grounds on which the

Secretary of State considers the warrant to be necessary were areference to any grounds falling within section 138(1)(b) or (2).

145 Modification of warrants

(1) The provisions of a bulk interception warrant may be modified at any time byan instrument issued by the person making the modification.

(2) The only modifications that may be made under this section are— (a) adding, varying or removing any operational purpose specified in the

warrant as a purpose for which any intercepted content or secondarydata obtained under the warrant may be selected for examination, and

(b) providing that the warrant no longer authorises or requires (to theextent that it did so previously)—

(i) the interception of any communications in the course of theirtransmission by means of a telecommunication system, or

(ii) the obtaining of any secondary data from communicationstransmitted by means of such a system.

(3) In this section—(a) a modification adding or varying any operational purpose as

mentioned in paragraph (a) of subsection (2) is referred to as a “majormodification”, and

(b) any other modification within that subsection is referred to as a “minormodification”.

(4) A major modification—(a) must be made by the Secretary of State, and(b) may be made only if the Secretary of State considers that it is necessary

on any of the grounds on which the Secretary of State considers thewarrant to be necessary (see section 138(1)(b)).

(5) Except where the Secretary of State considers that there is an urgent need tomake the modification, a major modification has effect only if the decision tomake the modification is approved by a Judicial Commissioner.

(6) A minor modification may be made by—(a) the Secretary of State, or(b) a senior official acting on behalf of the Secretary of State.

(7) Where a minor modification is made by a senior official, the Secretary of Statemust be notified personally of the modification and the reasons for making it.

(8) If at any time a person mentioned in subsection (6) considers that anyoperational purpose specified in a warrant is no longer a purpose for which theexamination of intercepted content or secondary data obtained under thewarrant is or may be necessary, the person must modify the warrant byremoving that operational purpose.

(9) The decision to modify the provisions of a warrant must be taken personallyby the person making the modification, and the instrument making themodification must be signed by that person.This is subject to subsection (10).

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(10) If it is not reasonably practicable for an instrument making a majormodification to be signed by the Secretary of State, the instrument may besigned by a senior official designated by the Secretary of State for that purpose.

(11) In such a case, the instrument making the modification must contain astatement that—

(a) it is not reasonably practicable for the instrument to be signed by theSecretary of State, and

(b) the Secretary of State has personally and expressly authorised themaking of the modification.

(12) Despite section 136(2), the modification of a bulk interception warrant asmentioned in subsection (2)(b) above does not prevent the warrant from beinga bulk interception warrant.

(13) Nothing in this section applies in relation to modifying the provisions of awarrant in a way which does not affect the conduct authorised or required byit.

146 Approval of major modifications by Judicial Commissioners

(1) In deciding whether to approve a decision to make a major modification of abulk interception warrant, a Judicial Commissioner must review the Secretaryof State’s conclusions as to whether the modification is necessary on any of thegrounds on which the Secretary of State considers the warrant to be necessary.

(2) In doing so, the Judicial Commissioner must—(a) apply the same principles as would be applied by a court on an

application for judicial review, and(b) consider the matter referred to in subsection (1) with a sufficient degree

of care as to ensure that the Judicial Commissioner complies with theduties imposed by section 2 (general duties in relation to privacy).

(3) Where a Judicial Commissioner refuses to approve a decision to make a majormodification under section 145, the Judicial Commissioner must give theSecretary of State written reasons for the refusal.

(4) Where a Judicial Commissioner, other than the Investigatory PowersCommissioner, refuses to approve a decision to make a major modificationunder section 145, the Secretary of State may ask the Investigatory PowersCommissioner to decide whether to approve the decision to make themodification.

147 Approval of major modifications made in urgent cases

(1) This section applies where— (a) the Secretary of State makes a major modification of a bulk interception

warrant without the approval of a Judicial Commissioner, and(b) the Secretary of State considered that there was an urgent need to make

the modification.

(2) The Secretary of State must inform a Judicial Commissioner that themodification has been made.

(3) The Judicial Commissioner must, before the end of the relevant period— (a) decide whether to approve the decision to make the modification, and

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(b) notify the Secretary of State of the Judicial Commissioner’s decision.“The relevant period” means the period ending with the third working dayafter the day on which the modification was made.

(4) If the Judicial Commissioner refuses to approve the decision to make themodification—

(a) the warrant (unless it no longer has effect) has effect as if themodification had not been made, and

(b) the person to whom the warrant is addressed must, so far as isreasonably practicable, secure that anything in the process of beingdone under the warrant by virtue of that modification stops as soon aspossible,

and section 146(4) does not apply in relation to the refusal to approve thedecision.

(5) Nothing in this section affects the lawfulness of— (a) anything done under the warrant by virtue of the modification before

the modification ceases to have effect;(b) if anything is in the process of being done under the warrant by virtue

of the modification when the modification ceases to have effect— (i) anything done before that thing could be stopped, or

(ii) anything done which it is not reasonably practicable to stop.

148 Cancellation of warrants

(1) The Secretary of State, or a senior official acting on behalf of the Secretary ofState, may cancel a bulk interception warrant at any time.

(2) If the Secretary of State, or a senior official acting on behalf of the Secretary ofState, considers that any of the cancellation conditions are met in relation to abulk interception warrant, the person must cancel the warrant.

(3) The cancellation conditions are— (a) that the warrant is no longer necessary in the interests of national

security;(b) that the conduct authorised by the warrant is no longer proportionate

to what is sought to be achieved by that conduct;(c) that the examination of intercepted content or secondary data obtained

under the warrant is no longer necessary for any of the specifiedoperational purposes (see section 142).

(4) But the condition in subsection (3)(a) does not apply where the warrant hasbeen modified so that it no longer authorises or requires the interception ofcommunications or the obtaining of secondary data.

(5) Where a warrant is cancelled under this section, the person to whom thewarrant was addressed must, so far as is reasonably practicable, secure thatanything in the process of being done under the warrant stops as soon aspossible.

(6) A warrant that has been cancelled under this section may not be renewed.

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Implementation of warrants

149 Implementation of warrants

(1) In giving effect to a bulk interception warrant, the person to whom it isaddressed (“the implementing authority”) may (in addition to acting alone) actthrough, or together with, such other persons as the implementing authoritymay require (whether under subsection (2) or otherwise) to provide theauthority with assistance in giving effect to the warrant.

(2) For the purpose of requiring any person to provide assistance in relation to abulk interception warrant, the implementing authority may—

(a) serve a copy of the warrant on any person who the implementingauthority considers may be able to provide such assistance, or

(b) make arrangements for the service of a copy of the warrant on any suchperson.

(3) A copy of a warrant may be served under subsection (2) on a person outsidethe United Kingdom for the purpose of requiring the person to provide suchassistance in the form of conduct outside the United Kingdom.

(4) For the purposes of this Act, the provision of assistance in giving effect to abulk interception warrant includes any disclosure to the implementingauthority, or to persons acting on behalf of the implementing authority, ofanything obtained under the warrant.

(5) Sections 42 (service of warrants) and 43 (duty of operators to assist withimplementation) apply in relation to a bulk interception warrant as they applyin relation to a targeted interception warrant.

(6) References in this section (and in sections 42 and 43 as they apply in relation tobulk interception warrants) to the service of a copy of a warrant include—

(a) the service of a copy of one or more schedules contained in the warrantwith the omission of the remainder of the warrant, and

(b) the service of a copy of the warrant with the omission of any schedulecontained in the warrant.

Restrictions on use or disclosure of material obtained under warrants etc.

150 Safeguards relating to retention and disclosure of material

(1) The Secretary of State must ensure, in relation to every bulk interceptionwarrant, that arrangements are in force for securing—

(a) that the requirements of subsections (2) and (5) are met in relation to thematerial obtained under the warrant, and

(b) that the requirements of section 152 are met in relation to theintercepted content or secondary data obtained under the warrant.

This is subject to subsection (8).

(2) The requirements of this subsection are met in relation to the material obtainedunder a warrant if each of the following is limited to the minimum that isnecessary for the authorised purposes (see subsection (3))—

(a) the number of persons to whom any of the material is disclosed orotherwise made available;

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(b) the extent to which any of the material is disclosed or otherwise madeavailable;

(c) the extent to which any of the material is copied;(d) the number of copies that are made.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2) something is necessary for the authorisedpurposes if, and only if—

(a) it is, or is likely to become, necessary in the interests of national securityor on any other grounds falling within section 138(2),

(b) it is necessary for facilitating the carrying out of any functions underthis Act of the Secretary of State, the Scottish Ministers or the head ofthe intelligence service to whom the warrant is or was addressed,

(c) it is necessary for facilitating the carrying out of any functions of theJudicial Commissioners or the Investigatory Powers Tribunal under orin relation to this Act,

(d) it is necessary to ensure that a person (“P”) who is conducting acriminal prosecution has the information P needs to determine what isrequired of P by P’s duty to secure the fairness of the prosecution, or

(e) it is necessary for the performance of any duty imposed on any personby the Public Records Act 1958 or the Public Records Act (NorthernIreland) 1923.

(4) The arrangements for the time being in force under this section for securingthat the requirements of subsection (2) are met in relation to the materialobtained under the warrant must include arrangements for securing that everycopy made of any of that material is stored, for so long as it is retained, in asecure manner.

(5) The requirements of this subsection are met in relation to the material obtainedunder a warrant if every copy made of any of that material (if not destroyedearlier) is destroyed as soon as there are no longer any relevant grounds forretaining it (see subsection (6)).

(6) For the purposes of subsection (5), there are no longer any relevant grounds forretaining a copy of any material if, and only if—

(a) its retention is not necessary, or not likely to become necessary, in theinterests of national security or on any other grounds falling withinsection 138(2), and

(b) its retention is not necessary for any of the purposes mentioned inparagraphs (b) to (e) of subsection (3) above.

(7) Subsection (8) applies if— (a) any material obtained under the warrant has been handed over to any

overseas authorities, or(b) a copy of any such material has been given to any overseas authorities.

(8) To the extent that the requirements of subsections (2) and (5) and section 152relate to any of the material mentioned in subsection (7)(a), or to the copymentioned in subsection (7)(b), the arrangements made for the purposes of thissection are not required to secure that those requirements are met (see insteadsection 151).

(9) In this section— “copy”, in relation to material obtained under a warrant, means any of the

following (whether or not in documentary form)—

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(a) any copy, extract or summary of the material which identifiesthe material as having been obtained under the warrant, and

(b) any record which—(i) refers to any interception or to the obtaining of any

material, and (ii) is a record of the identities of the persons to or by whom

the material was sent, or to whom the material relates,and “copied” is to be read accordingly;

“overseas authorities” means authorities of a country or territory outsidethe United Kingdom.

151 Safeguards relating to disclosure of material overseas

(1) The Secretary of State must ensure, in relation to every bulk interceptionwarrant, that arrangements are in force for securing that—

(a) any material obtained under the warrant is handed over to overseasauthorities only if the requirements of subsection (2) are met, and

(b) copies of any such material are given to overseas authorities only ifthose requirements are met.

(2) The requirements of this subsection are met in the case of a warrant if it appearsto the Secretary of State—

(a) that requirements corresponding to the requirements of section 150(2)and (5) and section 152 will apply, to such extent (if any) as theSecretary of State considers appropriate, in relation to any of thematerial which is handed over, or any copy of which is given, to theauthorities in question, and

(b) that restrictions are in force which would prevent, to such extent (ifany) as the Secretary of State considers appropriate, the doing ofanything in, for the purposes of or in connection with any proceedingsoutside the United Kingdom which would result in a prohibiteddisclosure.

(3) In subsection (2)(b) “prohibited disclosure” means a disclosure which, if madein the United Kingdom, would breach the prohibition in section 56(1) (seesection 156).

(4) In this section— “copy” has the same meaning as in section 150;“overseas authorities” means authorities of a country or territory outside

the United Kingdom.

152 Safeguards relating to examination of material

(1) For the purposes of section 150 the requirements of this section are met inrelation to the intercepted content and secondary data obtained under awarrant if—

(a) the selection of any of the intercepted content or secondary data forexamination is carried out only for the specified purposes (seesubsection (2)),

(b) the selection of any of the intercepted content or secondary data forexamination is necessary and proportionate in all the circumstances,and

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(c) the selection of any of the intercepted content for examination meetsany of the selection conditions (see subsection (3)).

(2) The selection of intercepted content or secondary data for examination iscarried out only for the specified purposes if the intercepted content orsecondary data is selected for examination only so far as is necessary for theoperational purposes specified in the warrant in accordance with section 142.In this subsection “specified in the warrant” means specified in the warrant atthe time of the selection of the intercepted content or secondary data forexamination.

(3) The selection conditions referred to in subsection (1)(c) are—(a) that the selection of the intercepted content for examination does not

breach the prohibition in subsection (4);(b) that the person to whom the warrant is addressed considers that the

selection of the intercepted content for examination would not breachthat prohibition;

(c) that the selection of the intercepted content for examination in breachof that prohibition is authorised by subsection (5);

(d) that the selection of the intercepted content for examination in breachof that prohibition is authorised by a targeted examination warrantissued under Chapter 1 of Part 2.

(4) The prohibition referred to in subsection (3)(a) is that intercepted content maynot at any time be selected for examination if—

(a) any criteria used for the selection of the intercepted content forexamination are referable to an individual known to be in the BritishIslands at that time, and

(b) the purpose of using those criteria is to identify the content ofcommunications sent by, or intended for, that individual.

It does not matter for the purposes of this subsection whether the identity ofthe individual is known.

(5) The selection of intercepted content (“the relevant content”) for examination isauthorised by this subsection if—

(a) criteria referable to an individual have been, or are being, used for theselection of intercepted content for examination in circumstancesfalling within subsection (3)(a) or (b),

(b) at any time it appears to the person to whom the warrant is addressedthat there has been a relevant change of circumstances in relation to theindividual (see subsection (6)) which would mean that the selection ofthe relevant content for examination would breach the prohibition insubsection (4),

(c) since that time, a written authorisation to examine the relevant contentusing those criteria has been given by a senior officer, and

(d) the selection of the relevant content for examination is made before theend of the permitted period (see subsection (7)).

(6) For the purposes of subsection (5)(b) there is a relevant change ofcircumstances in relation to an individual if—

(a) the individual has entered the British Islands, or(b) a belief by the person to whom the warrant is addressed that the

individual was outside the British Islands was in fact mistaken.

(7) In subsection (5)—

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“senior officer”, in relation to a warrant addressed to the head of anintelligence service, means a member of the intelligence service who—

(a) is a member of the Senior Civil Service or a member of theSenior Management Structure of Her Majesty’s DiplomaticService, or

(b) holds a position in the intelligence service of equivalentseniority to such a member;

“the permitted period” means the period ending with the fifth workingday after the time mentioned in subsection (5)(b).

(8) In a case where the selection of intercepted content for examination isauthorised by subsection (5), the person to whom the warrant is addressedmust notify the Secretary of State that the selection is being carried out.

153 Additional safeguards for items subject to legal privilege

(1) Subsection (2) applies if, in a case where intercepted content obtained under abulk interception warrant is to be selected for examination—

(a) the selection of the intercepted content for examination meets any ofthe selection conditions in section 152(3)(a) to (c), and

(b) either—(i) the purpose, or one of the purposes, of using the criteria to be

used for the selection of the intercepted content for examination(“the relevant criteria”) is to identify any items subject to legalprivilege, or

(ii) the use of the relevant criteria is likely to identify such items.

(2) The intercepted content may be selected for examination using the relevantcriteria only if a senior official acting on behalf of the Secretary of State hasapproved the use of those criteria.

(3) In deciding whether to give an approval under subsection (2) in a case wheresubsection (1)(b)(i) applies, a senior official must have regard to the publicinterest in the confidentiality of items subject to legal privilege.

(4) A senior official may give an approval under subsection (2) only if—(a) the official considers that the arrangements made for the purposes of

section 150 (safeguards relating to retention and disclosure of material)include specific arrangements for the handling, retention, use anddestruction of items subject to legal privilege, and

(b) where subsection (1)(b)(i) applies, the official considers that there areexceptional and compelling circumstances that make it necessary toauthorise the use of the relevant criteria.

(5) For the purposes of subsection (4)(b), there cannot be exceptional andcompelling circumstances that make it necessary to authorise the use of therelevant criteria unless—

(a) the public interest in obtaining the information that would be obtainedby the selection of the intercepted content for examination outweighsthe public interest in the confidentiality of items subject to legalprivilege,

(b) there are no other means by which the information may reasonably beobtained, and

(c) obtaining the information is necessary in the interests of nationalsecurity or for the purpose of preventing death or significant injury.

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(6) Subsection (7) applies if, in a case where intercepted content obtained under abulk interception warrant is to be selected for examination—

(a) the selection of the intercepted content for examination meets any ofthe selection conditions in section 152(3)(a) to (c),

(b) the purpose, or one of the purposes, of using the criteria to be used forthe selection of the intercepted content for examination (“the relevantcriteria”) is to identify communications that, if they were not made withthe intention of furthering a criminal purpose, would be items subjectto legal privilege, and

(c) the person to whom the warrant is addressed considers that thecommunications (“the targeted communications”) are likely to becommunications made with the intention of furthering a criminalpurpose.

(7) The intercepted content may be selected for examination using the relevantcriteria only if a senior official acting on behalf of the Secretary of State hasapproved the use of those criteria.

(8) A senior official may give an approval under subsection (7) only if the officialconsiders that the targeted communications are likely to be communicationsmade with the intention of furthering a criminal purpose.

(9) Where an item subject to legal privilege which has been intercepted inaccordance with a bulk interception warrant is retained following itsexamination, for purposes other than the destruction of the item, the person towhom the warrant is addressed must inform the Investigatory PowersCommissioner as soon as is reasonably practicable.(For provision about the grounds for retaining material obtained under awarrant, see section 150.)

(10) Unless the Investigatory Powers Commissioner considers that subsection (12)applies to the item, the Commissioner must—

(a) direct that the item is destroyed, or(b) impose one or more conditions as to the use or retention of that item.

(11) If the Investigatory Powers Commissioner considers that subsection (12)applies to the item, the Commissioner may nevertheless impose suchconditions under subsection (10)(b) as the Commissioner considers necessaryfor the purpose of protecting the public interest in the confidentiality of itemssubject to legal privilege.

(12) This subsection applies to an item subject to legal privilege if—(a) the public interest in retaining the item outweighs the public interest in

the confidentiality of items subject to legal privilege, and(b) retaining the item is necessary in the interests of national security or for

the purpose of preventing death or significant injury.

(13) The Investigatory Powers Commissioner—(a) may require an affected party to make representations about how the

Commissioner should exercise any function under subsection (10), and(b) must have regard to any such representations made by an affected

party (whether or not as a result of a requirement imposed underparagraph (a)).

(14) Each of the following is an “affected party” for the purposes of subsection(13)—

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(a) the Secretary of State;(b) the person to whom the warrant is or was addressed.

154 Additional safeguard for confidential journalistic material

Where—(a) a communication which has been intercepted in accordance with a bulk

interception warrant is retained, following its examination, forpurposes other than the destruction of the communication, and

(b) it is a communication containing confidential journalistic material,the person to whom the warrant is addressed must inform the InvestigatoryPowers Commissioner as soon as is reasonably practicable.(For provision about the grounds for retaining material obtained under awarrant, see section 150.)

155 Offence of breaching safeguards relating to examination of material

(1) A person commits an offence if—(a) the person selects for examination any intercepted content or

secondary data obtained under a bulk interception warrant,(b) the person knows or believes that the selection of that intercepted

content or secondary data for examination does not comply with arequirement imposed by section 152 or 153, and

(c) the person deliberately selects that intercepted content or secondarydata for examination in breach of that requirement.

(2) A person guilty of an offence under this section is liable—(a) on summary conviction in England and Wales—

(i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months (or 6months, if the offence was committed before thecommencement of section 154(1) of the Criminal Justice Act2003), or

(ii) to a fine,or to both;

(b) on summary conviction in Scotland— (i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months, or

(ii) to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum,or to both;

(c) on summary conviction in Northern Ireland— (i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months, or

(ii) to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum,or to both;

(d) on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding2 years or to a fine, or to both.

(3) No proceedings for any offence which is an offence by virtue of this sectionmay be instituted—

(a) in England and Wales, except by or with the consent of the Director ofPublic Prosecutions;

(b) in Northern Ireland, except by or with the consent of the Director ofPublic Prosecutions for Northern Ireland.

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156 Application of other restrictions in relation to warrants

(1) Section 56 and Schedule 3 (exclusion of matters from legal proceedings etc.)apply in relation to bulk interception warrants as they apply in relation totargeted interception warrants.

(2) Sections 57 to 59 (duty not to make unauthorised disclosures) apply in relationto bulk interception warrants as they apply in relation to targeted interceptionwarrants, but as if the reference in section 58(2)(c) to a requirement fordisclosure imposed by virtue of section 41(5) were a reference to such arequirement imposed by virtue of section 149(4).

Interpretation

157 Chapter 1: interpretation

(1) In this Chapter—“intercepted content”, in relation to a bulk interception warrant, means

any content of communications intercepted by an interceptionauthorised or required by the warrant;

“overseas-related communications” has the meaning given by section 136;“secondary data” has the meaning given by section 137, and references to

obtaining secondary data from a communication are to be read inaccordance with that section;

“senior official” means a member of the Senior Civil Service or a memberof the Senior Management Structure of Her Majesty’s DiplomaticService;

“the specified operational purposes” has the meaning given by section142(11).

(2) See also—section 261 (telecommunications definitions),section 263 (general definitions),section 264 (general definitions: “journalistic material” etc.),section 265 (index of defined expressions).

CHAPTER 2

BULK ACQUISITION WARRANTS

Bulk acquisition warrants

158 Power to issue bulk acquisition warrants

(1) The Secretary of State may, on an application made by or on behalf of the headof an intelligence service, issue a bulk acquisition warrant if—

(a) the Secretary of State considers that the warrant is necessary—(i) in the interests of national security, or

(ii) on that ground and on any other grounds falling withinsubsection (2),

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(b) the Secretary of State considers that the conduct authorised by thewarrant is proportionate to what is sought to be achieved by thatconduct,

(c) the Secretary of State considers that—(i) each of the specified operational purposes (see section 161) is a

purpose for which the examination of communications dataobtained under the warrant is or may be necessary, and

(ii) the examination of such data for each such purpose is necessaryon any of the grounds on which the Secretary of State considersthe warrant to be necessary,

(d) the Secretary of State considers that satisfactory arrangements made forthe purposes of section 171 (safeguards relating to the retention anddisclosure of data) are in force in relation to the warrant, and

(e) the decision to issue the warrant has been approved by a JudicialCommissioner.

For the meaning of “head of an intelligence service”, see section 263.

(2) A warrant is necessary on grounds falling within this subsection if it isnecessary—

(a) for the purpose of preventing or detecting serious crime, or(b) in the interests of the economic well-being of the United Kingdom so

far as those interests are also relevant to the interests of nationalsecurity (but see subsection (3)).

(3) A warrant may be considered necessary on the ground falling withinsubsection (2)(b) only if the communications data which it is considerednecessary to obtain is communications data relating to the acts or intentions ofpersons outside the British Islands.

(4) The fact that the communications data which would be obtained under awarrant relates to the activities in the British Islands of a trade union is not, ofitself, sufficient to establish that the warrant is necessary in the interests ofnational security or on that ground and a ground falling within subsection (2).

(5) A bulk acquisition warrant is a warrant which authorises or requires theperson to whom it is addressed to secure, by any conduct described in thewarrant, any one or more of the activities in subsection (6).

(6) The activities are—(a) requiring a telecommunications operator specified in the warrant—

(i) to disclose to a person specified in the warrant anycommunications data which is specified in the warrant and is inthe possession of the operator,

(ii) to obtain any communications data specified in the warrantwhich is not in the possession of the operator but which theoperator is capable of obtaining, or

(iii) to disclose to a person specified in the warrant any dataobtained as mentioned in sub-paragraph (ii),

(b) the selection for examination, in any manner described in the warrant,of communications data obtained under the warrant,

(c) the disclosure, in any manner described in the warrant, ofcommunications data obtained under the warrant to the person towhom the warrant is addressed or to any person acting on that person’sbehalf.

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(7) A bulk acquisition warrant also authorises the following conduct (in additionto the conduct described in the warrant)—

(a) any conduct which it is necessary to undertake in order to do what isexpressly authorised or required by the warrant, and

(b) conduct by any person which is conduct in pursuance of a requirementimposed by or on behalf of the person to whom the warrant isaddressed to be provided with assistance in giving effect to thewarrant.

(8) A bulk acquisition warrant may relate to data whether or not in existence at thetime of the issuing of the warrant.

(9) An application for the issue of a bulk acquisition warrant may only be made onbehalf of the head of an intelligence service by a person holding office underthe Crown.

159 Approval of warrants by Judicial Commissioners

(1) In deciding whether to approve a decision to issue a warrant under section 158,a Judicial Commissioner must review the Secretary of State’s conclusions as tothe following matters—

(a) whether the warrant is necessary as mentioned in subsection (1)(a) ofthat section,

(b) whether the conduct that would be authorised by the warrant isproportionate to what is sought to be achieved by that conduct, and

(c) whether—(i) each of the specified operational purposes (see section 161) is a

purpose for which the examination of communications dataobtained under the warrant is or may be necessary, and

(ii) the examination of such data for each such purpose is necessaryas mentioned in section 158(1)(c)(ii).

(2) In doing so, the Judicial Commissioner must—(a) apply the same principles as would be applied by a court on an

application for judicial review, and(b) consider the matters referred to in subsection (1) with a sufficient

degree of care as to ensure that the Judicial Commissioner complieswith the duties imposed by section 2 (general duties in relation toprivacy).

(3) Where a Judicial Commissioner refuses to approve a decision to issue awarrant under section 158, the Judicial Commissioner must give the Secretaryof State written reasons for the refusal.

(4) Where a Judicial Commissioner, other than the Investigatory PowersCommissioner, refuses to approve a decision to issue a warrant under section158, the Secretary of State may ask the Investigatory Powers Commissioner todecide whether to approve the decision to issue the warrant.

160 Decisions to issue warrants to be taken personally by Secretary of State

(1) The decision to issue a bulk acquisition warrant must be taken personally bythe Secretary of State.

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(2) Before a bulk acquisition warrant is issued, it must be signed by the Secretaryof State.

161 Requirements that must be met by warrants

(1) A bulk acquisition warrant must contain a provision stating that it is a bulkacquisition warrant.

(2) A bulk acquisition warrant must be addressed to the head of the intelligenceservice by whom, or on whose behalf, the application for the warrant wasmade.

(3) A bulk acquisition warrant must specify the operational purposes for whichany communications data obtained under the warrant may be selected forexamination.

(4) The operational purposes specified in the warrant must be ones specified, in alist maintained by the heads of the intelligence services (“the list of operationalpurposes”), as purposes which they consider are operational purposes forwhich communications data obtained under bulk acquisition warrants may beselected for examination.

(5) The warrant may, in particular, specify all of the operational purposes which,at the time the warrant is issued, are specified in the list of operationalpurposes.

(6) An operational purpose may be specified in the list of operational purposesonly with the approval of the Secretary of State.

(7) The Secretary of State may give such approval only if satisfied that theoperational purpose is specified in a greater level of detail than the descriptionscontained in section 158(1)(a) or (2).

(8) At the end of each relevant three-month period the Secretary of State must givea copy of the list of operational purposes to the Intelligence and SecurityCommittee of Parliament.

(9) In subsection (8) “relevant three-month period” means—(a) the period of three months beginning with the day on which this

section comes into force, and(b) each successive period of three months.

(10) The Prime Minister must review the list of operational purposes at least once ayear.

(11) In this Chapter “the specified operational purposes”, in relation to a bulkacquisition warrant, means the operational purposes specified in the warrantin accordance with this section.

Duration, modification and cancellation of warrants

162 Duration of warrants

(1) A bulk acquisition warrant (unless already cancelled) ceases to have effect atthe end of the period of 6 months beginning with—

(a) the day on which the warrant was issued, or

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(b) in the case of a warrant that has been renewed, the day after the day atthe end of which the warrant would have ceased to have effect if it hadnot been renewed.

(2) For provision about the renewal of warrants, see section 163.

163 Renewal of warrants

(1) If the renewal conditions are met, a bulk acquisition warrant may be renewed,at any time during the renewal period, by an instrument issued by theSecretary of State.This is subject to subsection (6).

(2) The renewal conditions are—(a) that the Secretary of State considers that the warrant continues to be

necessary— (i) in the interests of national security, or

(ii) on that ground and on any other grounds falling within section158(2),

(b) that the Secretary of State considers that the conduct that would beauthorised by the renewed warrant continues to be proportionate towhat is sought to be achieved by that conduct,

(c) that the Secretary of State considers that—(i) each of the specified operational purposes (see section 161) is a

purpose for which the examination of communications dataobtained under the warrant continues to be, or may be,necessary, and

(ii) the examination of such data for each such purpose continues tobe necessary on any of the grounds on which the Secretary ofState considers that the warrant continues to be necessary, and

(d) that the decision to renew the warrant has been approved by a JudicialCommissioner.

(3) “The renewal period” means the period of 30 days ending with the day at theend of which the warrant would otherwise cease to have effect.

(4) The decision to renew a bulk acquisition warrant must be taken personally bythe Secretary of State, and the instrument renewing the warrant must be signedby the Secretary of State.

(5) Section 159 (approval of warrants by Judicial Commissioners) applies inrelation to a decision to renew a bulk acquisition warrant as it applies inrelation to a decision to issue a bulk acquisition warrant.This is subject to subsection (6).

(6) In the case of the renewal of a bulk acquisition warrant that has been modifiedso that it no longer authorises or requires the carrying out of activities fallingwithin section 158(6)(a)—

(a) the renewal condition in subsection (2)(a) is to be disregarded,(b) the reference in subsection (2)(c)(ii) to the grounds on which the

Secretary of State considers the warrant to be necessary is to be read asa reference to any grounds falling within section 158(1)(a) or (2), and

(c) section 159 has effect as if— (i) paragraph (a) of subsection (1) were omitted, and

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(ii) the reference in subsection (1)(c)(ii) to the grounds on which theSecretary of State considers the warrant to be necessary were areference to any grounds falling within section 158(1)(a) or (2).

164 Modification of warrants

(1) The provisions of a bulk acquisition warrant may be modified at any time byan instrument issued by the person making the modification.

(2) The only modifications that may be made under this section are—(a) adding, varying or removing any operational purpose specified in the

warrant as a purpose for which any communications data obtainedunder the warrant may be selected for examination, and

(b) providing that the warrant no longer authorises or requires thecarrying out of activities falling within section 158(6)(a).

(3) In this section—(a) a modification adding or varying any operational purpose as

mentioned in paragraph (a) of subsection (2) is referred to as a “majormodification”, and

(b) any other modification within that subsection is referred to as a “minormodification”.

(4) A major modification—(a) must be made by the Secretary of State, and(b) may be made only if the Secretary of State considers that it is necessary

on any of the grounds on which the Secretary of State considers thewarrant to be necessary (see section 158(1)(a)).

(5) Except where the Secretary of State considers that there is an urgent need tomake the modification, a major modification has effect only if the decision tomake the modification is approved by a Judicial Commissioner.

(6) A minor modification may be made by—(a) the Secretary of State, or(b) a senior official acting on behalf of the Secretary of State.

(7) Where a minor modification is made by a senior official, the Secretary of Statemust be notified personally of the modification and the reasons for making it.

(8) If at any time a person mentioned in subsection (6) considers that anyoperational purpose specified in a warrant is no longer a purpose for which theexamination of communications data obtained under the warrant is or may benecessary, the person must modify the warrant by removing that operationalpurpose.

(9) The decision to modify the provisions of a warrant must be taken personallyby the person making the modification, and the instrument making themodification must be signed by that person.This is subject to subsection (10).

(10) If it is not reasonably practicable for an instrument making a majormodification to be signed by the Secretary of State, the instrument may besigned by a senior official designated by the Secretary of State for that purpose.

(11) In such a case, the instrument making the modification must contain astatement that—

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(a) it is not reasonably practicable for the instrument to be signed by theSecretary of State, and

(b) the Secretary of State has personally and expressly authorised themaking of the modification.

(12) Nothing in this section applies in relation to modifying the provisions of awarrant in a way which does not affect the conduct authorised or required byit.

165 Approval of major modifications by Judicial Commissioners

(1) In deciding whether to approve a decision to make a major modification of abulk acquisition warrant, a Judicial Commissioner must review the Secretaryof State’s conclusions as to whether the modification is necessary on any of thegrounds on which the Secretary of State considers the warrant to be necessary.

(2) In doing so, the Judicial Commissioner must—(a) apply the same principles as would be applied by a court on an

application for judicial review, and(b) consider the matter referred to in subsection (1) with a sufficient degree

of care as to ensure that the Judicial Commissioner complies with theduties imposed by section 2 (general duties in relation to privacy).

(3) Where a Judicial Commissioner refuses to approve a decision to make a majormodification under section 164, the Judicial Commissioner must give theSecretary of State written reasons for the refusal.

(4) Where a Judicial Commissioner, other than the Investigatory PowersCommissioner, refuses to approve a decision to make a major modificationunder section 164, the Secretary of State may ask the Investigatory PowersCommissioner to decide whether to approve the decision to make themodification.

166 Approval of major modifications made in urgent cases

(1) This section applies where— (a) the Secretary of State makes a major modification of a bulk acquisition

warrant without the approval of a Judicial Commissioner, and(b) the Secretary of State considered that there was an urgent need to make

the modification.

(2) The Secretary of State must inform a Judicial Commissioner that themodification has been made.

(3) The Judicial Commissioner must, before the end of the relevant period— (a) decide whether to approve the decision to make the modification, and(b) notify the Secretary of State of the Judicial Commissioner’s decision.

“The relevant period” means the period ending with the third working dayafter the day on which the modification was made.

(4) If the Judicial Commissioner refuses to approve the decision to make themodification—

(a) the warrant (unless it no longer has effect) has effect as if themodification had not been made, and

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(b) the person to whom the warrant is addressed must, so far as isreasonably practicable, secure that anything in the process of beingdone under the warrant by virtue of that modification stops as soon aspossible,

and section 165(4) does not apply in relation to the refusal to approve thedecision.

(5) Nothing in this section affects the lawfulness of— (a) anything done under the warrant by virtue of the modification before

the modification ceases to have effect,(b) if anything is in the process of being done under the warrant by virtue

of the modification when the modification ceases to have effect— (i) anything done before that thing could be stopped, or

(ii) anything done which it is not reasonably practicable to stop.

167 Cancellation of warrants

(1) The Secretary of State, or a senior official acting on behalf of the Secretary ofState, may cancel a bulk acquisition warrant at any time.

(2) If the Secretary of State, or a senior official acting on behalf of the Secretary ofState, considers that any of the cancellation conditions are met in relation to abulk acquisition warrant, the person must cancel the warrant.

(3) The cancellation conditions are—(a) that the warrant is no longer necessary in the interests of national

security,(b) that the conduct authorised by the warrant is no longer proportionate

to what is sought to be achieved by that conduct,(c) that the examination of communications data obtained under the

warrant is no longer necessary for any of the specified operationalpurposes (see section 161).

(4) But the condition in subsection (3)(a) does not apply where the warrant hasbeen modified so that it no longer authorises or requires the carrying out ofactivities falling within section 158(6)(a).

(5) Where a warrant is cancelled under this section, the person to whom thewarrant was addressed must, so far as is reasonably practicable, secure thatanything in the process of being done under the warrant stops as soon aspossible.

(6) A warrant that has been cancelled under this section may not be renewed.

Implementation of warrants

168 Implementation of warrants

(1) In giving effect to a bulk acquisition warrant, the person to whom it isaddressed (“the implementing authority”) may (in addition to acting alone) actthrough, or together with, such other persons as the implementing authoritymay require (whether under subsection (2) or otherwise) to provide theauthority with assistance in giving effect to the warrant.

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(2) For the purpose of requiring any person to provide assistance in relation to abulk acquisition warrant, the implementing authority may—

(a) serve a copy of the warrant on any person whom the implementingauthority considers may be able to provide such assistance, or

(b) make arrangements for the service of a copy of the warrant on any suchperson.

(3) A copy of a warrant may be served under subsection (2) on a person outsidethe United Kingdom for the purpose of requiring the person to provide suchassistance in the form of conduct outside the United Kingdom.

(4) For the purposes of this Act, the provision of assistance in giving effect to abulk acquisition warrant includes any disclosure to the implementingauthority, or to persons acting on behalf of the implementing authority, ofcommunications data as authorised or required under the warrant.

(5) References in this section and in sections 169 and 170 to the service of a copy ofa warrant include—

(a) the service of a copy of one or more schedules contained in the warrantwith the omission of the remainder of the warrant, and

(b) the service of a copy of the warrant with the omission of any schedulecontained in the warrant.

169 Service of warrants

(1) This section applies to the service of bulk acquisition warrants under section168(2).

(2) A copy of the warrant must be served in such a way as to bring the contents ofthe warrant to the attention of the person whom the implementing authorityconsiders may be able to provide assistance in relation to it.

(3) A copy of a warrant may be served on a person outside the United Kingdom inany of the following ways (as well as by electronic or other means of service)—

(a) by serving it at the person’s principal office within the United Kingdomor, if the person has no such office in the United Kingdom, at any placein the United Kingdom where the person carries on business orconducts activities;

(b) if the person has specified an address in the United Kingdom as one atwhich the person, or someone on the person’s behalf, will acceptservice of documents of the same description as a copy of a warrant, byserving it at that address;

(c) by making it available for inspection (whether to the person or tosomeone acting on the person’s behalf) at a place in the UnitedKingdom (but this is subject to subsection (4)).

(4) A copy of a warrant may be served on a person outside the United Kingdom inthe way mentioned in subsection (3)(c) only if—

(a) it is not reasonably practicable for a copy to be served by any othermeans (whether as mentioned in subsection (3)(a) or (b) or otherwise),and

(b) the implementing authority takes such steps as the authority considersappropriate for the purpose of bringing the contents of the warrant, andthe availability of a copy for inspection, to the attention of the person.

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(5) The steps mentioned in subsection (4)(b) must be taken as soon as reasonablypracticable after the copy of the warrant is made available for inspection.

(6) In this section “the implementing authority” has the same meaning as insection 168.

170 Duty of operators to assist with implementation

(1) A telecommunications operator that has been served with a copy of a bulkacquisition warrant by (or on behalf of) the implementing authority must takeall steps for giving effect to the warrant that are notified to the operator by (oron behalf of) the implementing authority.This is subject to subsection (3).

(2) Subsection (1) applies whether or not the operator is in the United Kingdom.

(3) The operator is not required to take any steps which it is not reasonablypracticable for the operator to take.

(4) Where obligations have been imposed on a telecommunications operator (“P”)under section 253 (technical capability notices), for the purposes of subsection(3) the steps which it is reasonably practicable for P to take include every stepwhich it would have been reasonably practicable for P to take if P hadcomplied with all of those obligations.

(5) The duty imposed by subsection (1) is enforceable against a person in theUnited Kingdom by civil proceedings by the Secretary of State for aninjunction, or for specific performance of a statutory duty under section 45 ofthe Court of Session Act 1988, or for any other appropriate relief.

(6) In this section “the implementing authority” has the same meaning as insection 168.

Restrictions on use or disclosure of data obtained under warrants etc.

171 Safeguards relating to the retention and disclosure of data

(1) The Secretary of State must ensure, in relation to every bulk acquisitionwarrant, that arrangements are in force for securing—

(a) that the requirements of subsections (2) and (5) are met in relation to thecommunications data obtained under the warrant, and

(b) that the requirements of section 172 are met in relation to that data.This is subject to subsection (8).

(2) The requirements of this subsection are met in relation to the communicationsdata obtained under a warrant if each of the following is limited to theminimum that is necessary for the authorised purposes (see subsection (3))—

(a) the number of persons to whom any of the data is disclosed orotherwise made available,

(b) the extent to which any of the data is disclosed or otherwise madeavailable,

(c) the extent to which any of the data is copied,(d) the number of copies that are made.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2) something is necessary for the authorisedpurposes if, and only if—

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(a) it is, or is likely to become, necessary in the interests of national securityor on any other grounds falling within section 158(2),

(b) it is necessary for facilitating the carrying out of any functions underthis Act of the Secretary of State, the Scottish Ministers or the head ofthe intelligence service to whom the warrant is or was addressed,

(c) it is necessary for facilitating the carrying out of any functions of theJudicial Commissioners or the Investigatory Powers Tribunal under orin relation to this Act,

(d) it is necessary to ensure that a person (“P”) who is conducting acriminal prosecution has the information P needs to determine what isrequired of P by P’s duty to secure the fairness of the prosecution,

(e) it is necessary for use as evidence in legal proceedings, or(f) it is necessary for the performance of any duty imposed on any person

by the Public Records Act 1958 or the Public Records Act (NorthernIreland) 1923.

(4) The arrangements for the time being in force under subsection (1) for securingthat the requirements of subsection (2) are met in relation to thecommunications data obtained under the warrant must include arrangementsfor securing that every copy made of any of that data is stored, for so long as itis retained, in a secure manner.

(5) The requirements of this subsection are met in relation to the communicationsdata obtained under a warrant if every copy made of any of that data (if notdestroyed earlier) is destroyed as soon as there are no longer any relevantgrounds for retaining it (see subsection (6)).

(6) For the purposes of subsection (5), there are no longer any relevant grounds forretaining a copy of any data if, and only if—

(a) its retention is not necessary, or not likely to become necessary, in theinterests of national security or on any other grounds falling withinsection 158(2), and

(b) its retention is not necessary for any of the purposes mentioned inparagraphs (b) to (f) of subsection (3) above.

(7) Subsection (8) applies if—(a) any communications data obtained under the warrant has been handed

over to any overseas authorities, or(b) a copy of any such data has been given to any overseas authorities.

(8) To the extent that the requirements of subsections (2) and (5) and section 172relate to any of the data mentioned in subsection (7)(a), or to the copymentioned in subsection (7)(b), the arrangements made for the purposes ofsubsection (1) are not required to secure that those requirements are met.

(9) But the Secretary of State must instead ensure that arrangements are in forcefor securing that communications data obtained under a bulk acquisitionwarrant, or any copy of such data, is handed over or given to an overseasauthority only if the Secretary of State considers that requirementscorresponding to the requirements of subsections (2) and (5) and section 172will apply, to such extent (if any) as the Secretary of State considersappropriate, in relation to such data or copy.

(10) In this section—“copy”, in relation to communications data obtained under a warrant,

means any of the following (whether or not in documentary form)—

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(a) any copy, extract or summary of the data which identifies thedata as having been obtained under the warrant, and

(b) any record referring to the obtaining of the data which is arecord of the identities of the persons to whom the data relates,

and “copied” is to be read accordingly,“overseas authorities” means authorities of a country or territory outside

the United Kingdom.

172 Safeguards relating to examination of data

(1) For the purposes of section 171 the requirements of this section are met inrelation to the communications data obtained under a warrant if—

(a) any selection of the data for examination is carried out only for thespecified purposes (see subsection (2)), and

(b) the selection of any of the data for examination is necessary andproportionate in all the circumstances.

(2) The selection of communications data for examination is carried out only forthe specified purposes if the data is selected for examination only so far as isnecessary for the operational purposes specified in the warrant in accordancewith section 161.

(3) In subsection (2) “specified in the warrant” means specified in the warrant atthe time of the selection of the data for examination.

173 Offence of breaching safeguards relating to examination of data

(1) A person commits an offence if—(a) the person selects for examination any communications data obtained

under a bulk acquisition warrant,(b) the person knows or believes that the selection of that data for

examination does not comply with a requirement imposed by section172, and

(c) the person deliberately selects that data for examination in breach ofthat requirement.

(2) A person guilty of an offence under this section is liable—(a) on summary conviction in England and Wales—

(i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months (or 6months, if the offence was committed before thecommencement of section 154(1) of the Criminal Justice Act2003), or

(ii) to a fine,or to both;

(b) on summary conviction in Scotland— (i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months, or

(ii) to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum,or to both;

(c) on summary conviction in Northern Ireland— (i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months, or

(ii) to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum,or to both;

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(d) on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding2 years or to a fine, or to both.

(3) No proceedings for any offence which is an offence by virtue of this sectionmay be instituted—

(a) in England and Wales, except by or with the consent of the Director ofPublic Prosecutions;

(b) in Northern Ireland, except by or with the consent of the Director ofPublic Prosecutions for Northern Ireland.

Supplementary provision

174 Offence of making unauthorised disclosure

(1) It is an offence for—(a) a telecommunications operator who is under a duty by virtue of section

170 to assist in giving effect to a bulk acquisition warrant, or(b) any person employed or engaged for the purposes of the business of

such an operator,to disclose to any person, without reasonable excuse, the existence or contentsof the warrant.

(2) For the purposes of subsection (1), it is, in particular, a reasonable excuse if thedisclosure is made with the permission of the Secretary of State.

(3) A person guilty of an offence under this section is liable—(a) on summary conviction in England and Wales—

(i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months (or 6months, if the offence was committed before thecommencement of section 154(1) of the Criminal Justice Act2003), or

(ii) to a fine,or to both;

(b) on summary conviction in Scotland— (i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months, or

(ii) to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum,or to both;

(c) on summary conviction in Northern Ireland— (i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months, or

(ii) to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum,or to both;

(d) on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding2 years or to a fine, or to both.

175 Chapter 2: interpretation

(1) In this Chapter—“communications data” does not include communications data within the

meaning given by section 262(3),“senior official” means—

(a) a member of the Senior Civil Service, or

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(b) a member of the Senior Management Structure of Her Majesty’sDiplomatic Service,

“the specified operational purposes” has the meaning given by section161(11).

(2) See also—section 261 (telecommunications definitions),section 263 (general definitions),section 265 (index of defined expressions).

CHAPTER 3

BULK EQUIPMENT INTERFERENCE WARRANTS

Bulk equipment interference warrants

176 Bulk equipment interference warrants: general

(1) For the purposes of this Act, a warrant is a “bulk equipment interferencewarrant” if—

(a) it is issued under this Chapter;(b) it authorises or requires the person to whom it is addressed to secure

interference with any equipment for the purpose of obtaining—(i) communications (see section 198);

(ii) equipment data (see section 177);(iii) any other information; and

(c) the main purpose of the warrant is to obtain one or more of thefollowing—

(i) overseas-related communications;(ii) overseas-related information;

(iii) overseas-related equipment data.

(2) In this Chapter—“overseas-related communications” means—

(a) communications sent by individuals who are outside the BritishIslands, or

(b) communications received by individuals who are outside theBritish Islands;

“overseas-related information” means information of individuals who areoutside the British Islands.

(3) For the purpose of this Chapter, equipment data is “overseas-relatedequipment data” if—

(a) it forms part of, or is connected with, overseas-related communicationsor overseas-related information;

(b) it would or may assist in establishing the existence of overseas-relatedcommunications or overseas-related information or in obtaining suchcommunications or information;

(c) it would or may assist in developing capabilities in relation to obtainingoverseas-related communications or overseas-related information.

(4) A bulk equipment interference warrant—

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(a) must authorise or require the person to whom it is addressed to securethe obtaining of the communications, equipment data or otherinformation to which the warrant relates;

(b) may also authorise or require the person to whom it is addressed tosecure—

(i) the selection for examination, in any manner described in thewarrant, of any material obtained under the warrant by virtueof paragraph (a);

(ii) the disclosure, in any manner described in the warrant, of anysuch material to the person to whom the warrant is addressedor to any person acting on that person’s behalf.

(5) A bulk equipment interference warrant also authorises the following conduct(in addition to the conduct described in the warrant)—

(a) any conduct which it is necessary to undertake in order to do what isexpressly authorised or required by the warrant, including conduct forsecuring the obtaining of communications, equipment data or otherinformation;

(b) any conduct by any person which is conduct in pursuance of arequirement imposed by or on behalf of the person to whom thewarrant is addressed to be provided with assistance in giving effect tothe warrant.

(6) A bulk equipment interference warrant may not, by virtue of subsection (4)(a),authorise a person to engage in conduct, in relation to a communication otherthan a stored communication, which would (unless done with lawfulauthority) constitute an offence under section 3(1) (unlawful interception).

(7) Subsection (5)(a) does not authorise a person to engage in conduct which couldnot be expressly authorised under the warrant because of the restrictionimposed by subsection (6).

(8) In subsection (6), “stored communication” means a communication stored in orby a telecommunication system (whether before or after its transmission).

(9) Any conduct which is carried out in accordance with a bulk equipmentinterference warrant is lawful for all purposes.

177 Meaning of “equipment data”

(1) In this Chapter, “equipment data” means—(a) systems data;(b) data which falls within subsection (2).

(2) The data falling within this subsection is identifying data which—(a) is, for the purposes of a relevant system, comprised in, included as part

of, attached to or logically associated with a communication (whetherby the sender or otherwise) or any other item of information,

(b) is capable of being logically separated from the remainder of thecommunication or the item of information, and

(c) if it were so separated, would not reveal anything of what mightreasonably be considered to be the meaning (if any) of thecommunication or the item of information, disregarding any meaningarising from the fact of the communication or the existence of the itemof information or from any data relating to that fact.

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(3) In subsection (2), “relevant system” means any system on or by means of whichthe data is held.

(4) For the meaning of “systems data” and “identifying data”, see section 263.

178 Power to issue bulk equipment interference warrants

(1) The Secretary of State may, on an application made by or on behalf of the headof an intelligence service, issue a bulk equipment interference warrant if—

(a) the Secretary of State considers that the main purpose of the warrant isto obtain overseas-related communications, overseas-relatedinformation or overseas-related equipment data,

(b) the Secretary of State considers that the warrant is necessary— (i) in the interests of national security, or

(ii) on that ground and on any other grounds falling withinsubsection (2),

(c) the Secretary of State considers that the conduct authorised by thewarrant is proportionate to what is sought to be achieved by thatconduct,

(d) the Secretary of State considers that—(i) each of the specified operational purposes (see section 183) is a

purpose for which the examination of material obtained underthe warrant is or may be necessary, and

(ii) the examination of such material for each such purpose isnecessary on any of the grounds on which the Secretary of Stateconsiders the warrant to be necessary,

(e) the Secretary of State considers that satisfactory arrangements made forthe purposes of sections 191 and 192 (safeguards relating to disclosureetc.) are in force in relation to the warrant, and

(f) except where the Secretary of State considers that there is an urgentneed to issue the warrant, the decision to issue the warrant has beenapproved by a Judicial Commissioner.

For the meaning of “head of an intelligence service”, see section 263.

(2) A warrant is necessary on grounds falling within this subsection if it isnecessary—

(a) for the purpose of preventing or detecting serious crime, or(b) in the interests of the economic well-being of the United Kingdom so

far as those interests are also relevant to the interests of nationalsecurity (but see subsection (3)).

(3) A warrant may be considered necessary on the ground falling withinsubsection (2)(b) only if the interference with equipment which would beauthorised by the warrant is considered necessary for the purpose of obtaininginformation relating to the acts or intentions of persons outside the BritishIslands.

(4) An application for the issue of a bulk equipment interference warrant may onlybe made on behalf of the head of an intelligence service by a person holdingoffice under the Crown.

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179 Approval of warrants by Judicial Commissioners

(1) In deciding whether to approve a decision to issue a warrant under section 178,a Judicial Commissioner must review the Secretary of State’s conclusions as tothe following matters—

(a) whether the warrant is necessary as mentioned in subsection (1)(b) ofthat section,

(b) whether the conduct that would be authorised by the warrant isproportionate to what is sought to be achieved by that conduct, and

(c) whether—(i) each of the specified operational purposes (see section 183) is a

purpose for which the examination of material obtained underthe warrant is or may be necessary, and

(ii) the examination of such material for each such purpose isnecessary as mentioned in section 178(1)(d)(ii).

(2) In doing so, the Judicial Commissioner must—(a) apply the same principles as would be applied by a court on an

application for judicial review, and(b) consider the matters referred to in subsection (1) with a sufficient

degree of care as to ensure that the Judicial Commissioner complieswith the duties imposed by section 2 (general duties in relation toprivacy).

(3) Where a Judicial Commissioner refuses to approve a decision to issue awarrant under section 178, the Judicial Commissioner must give the Secretaryof State written reasons for the refusal.

(4) Where a Judicial Commissioner, other than the Investigatory PowersCommissioner, refuses to approve a decision to issue a warrant under section178, the Secretary of State may ask the Investigatory Powers Commissioner todecide whether to approve the decision to issue the warrant.

180 Approval of warrants issued in urgent cases

(1) This section applies where— (a) a warrant under section 178 is issued without the approval of a Judicial

Commissioner, and(b) the Secretary of State considered that there was an urgent need to issue

it.

(2) The Secretary of State must inform a Judicial Commissioner that it has beenissued.

(3) The Judicial Commissioner must, before the end of the relevant period— (a) decide whether to approve the decision to issue the warrant, and(b) notify the Secretary of State of the Judicial Commissioner’s decision.

“The relevant period” means the period ending with the third working dayafter the day on which the warrant was issued.

(4) If a Judicial Commissioner refuses to approve the decision to issue a warrant,the warrant—

(a) ceases to have effect (unless already cancelled), and(b) may not be renewed,

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and section 179(4) does not apply in relation to the refusal to approve thedecision.

(5) Section 181 contains further provision about what happens if a JudicialCommissioner refuses to approve a decision to issue a warrant.

181 Failure to approve warrant issued in urgent case

(1) This section applies where under section 180(3) a Judicial Commissionerrefuses to approve a decision to issue a warrant.

(2) The person to whom the warrant was addressed must, so far as is reasonablypracticable, secure that anything in the process of being done under thewarrant stops as soon as possible.

(3) The Judicial Commissioner may— (a) authorise further interference with equipment for the purpose of

enabling the person to whom the warrant was addressed to secure thatanything in the process of being done under the warrant stops as soonas possible;

(b) direct that any material obtained under the warrant is destroyed;(c) impose conditions as to the use or retention of any of that material.

(4) The Judicial Commissioner—(a) may require an affected party to make representations about how the

Judicial Commissioner should exercise any function under subsection(3), and

(b) must have regard to any such representations made by an affectedparty (whether or not as a result of a requirement imposed underparagraph (a)).

(5) Each of the following is an “affected party” for the purposes of subsection (4)—(a) the Secretary of State;(b) the person to whom the warrant was addressed.

(6) The Secretary of State may ask the Investigatory Powers Commissioner toreview a decision made by any other Judicial Commissioner under subsection(3).

(7) On a review under subsection (6), the Investigatory Powers Commissionermay—

(a) confirm the Judicial Commissioner’s decision, or(b) make a fresh determination.

(8) Nothing in this section or section 180 affects the lawfulness of— (a) anything done under the warrant before it ceases to have effect;(b) if anything is in the process of being done under the warrant when it

ceases to have effect—(i) anything done before that thing could be stopped, or

(ii) anything done that it is not reasonably practicable to stop.

182 Decisions to issue warrants to be taken personally by Secretary of State

(1) The decision to issue a bulk equipment interference warrant must be takenpersonally by the Secretary of State.

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(2) Before a bulk equipment interference warrant is issued, it must be signed bythe Secretary of State.

(3) If it is not reasonably practicable for a warrant to be signed by the Secretary ofState, the warrant may be signed by a senior official designated by theSecretary of State for that purpose.

(4) In such a case, the warrant must contain a statement that—(a) it is not reasonably practicable for the warrant to be signed by the

Secretary of State, and(b) the Secretary of State has personally and expressly authorised the issue

of the warrant.

183 Requirements that must be met by warrants

(1) A bulk equipment interference warrant must contain a provision stating that itis a bulk equipment interference warrant.

(2) A bulk equipment interference warrant must be addressed to the head of theintelligence service by whom, or on whose behalf, the application for thewarrant was made.

(3) A bulk equipment interference warrant must describe the conduct that isauthorised by the warrant.

(4) A bulk equipment interference warrant must specify the operational purposesfor which any material obtained under the warrant may be selected forexamination.

(5) The operational purposes specified in the warrant must be ones specified, in alist maintained by the heads of the intelligence services (“the list of operationalpurposes”), as purposes which they consider are operational purposes forwhich material obtained under bulk equipment interference warrants may beselected for examination.

(6) The warrant may, in particular, specify all of the operational purposes which,at the time the warrant is issued, are specified in the list of operationalpurposes.

(7) An operational purpose may be specified in the list of operational purposesonly with the approval of the Secretary of State.

(8) The Secretary of State may give such approval only if satisfied that theoperational purpose is specified in a greater level of detail than the descriptionscontained in section 178(1)(b) or (2).

(9) At the end of each relevant three-month period, the Secretary of State mustgive a copy of the list of operational purposes to the Intelligence and SecurityCommittee of Parliament.

(10) In subsection (9), “relevant three-month period” means—(a) the period of three months beginning with the day on which this

section comes into force, and(b) each successive period of three months.

(11) The Prime Minister must review the list of operational purposes at least once ayear.

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(12) In this Chapter, “the specified operational purposes”, in relation to a bulkequipment interference warrant, means the operational purposes specified inthe warrant in accordance with this section.

Duration, modification and cancellation of warrants

184 Duration of warrants

(1) A bulk equipment interference warrant ceases to have effect at the end of therelevant period (see subsection (2)), unless—

(a) it is renewed before the end of that period (see section 185), or(b) it is cancelled or otherwise ceases to have effect before the end of that

period (see sections 180 and 189).

(2) In this section, “the relevant period”—(a) in the case of an urgent warrant (see subsection (3)), means the period

ending with the fifth working day after the day on which the warrantwas issued;

(b) in any other case, means the period of 6 months beginning with—(i) the day on which the warrant was issued, or

(ii) in the case of a warrant which has been renewed, the day afterthe day at the end of which the warrant would have ceased tohave effect if it had not been renewed.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2)(a), a warrant is an “urgent warrant” if—(a) the warrant was issued without the approval of a Judicial

Commissioner, and(b) the person who decided to issue the warrant considered that there was

an urgent need to issue it.

185 Renewal of warrants

(1) If the renewal conditions are met, a bulk equipment interference warrant maybe renewed, at any time during the renewal period, by an instrument issued bythe Secretary of State.This is subject to subsection (6).

(2) The renewal conditions are—(a) that the Secretary of State considers that the warrant continues to be

necessary— (i) in the interests of national security, or

(ii) on that ground and on any other grounds falling within section178(2),

(b) that the Secretary of State considers that the conduct that would beauthorised by the renewed warrant continues to be proportionate towhat is sought to be achieved by that conduct,

(c) that the Secretary of State considers that—(i) each of the specified operational purposes (see section 183) is a

purpose for which the examination of material obtained underthe warrant continues to be, or may be, necessary, and

(ii) the examination of such material for each such purposecontinues to be necessary on any of the grounds on which the

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Secretary of State considers that the warrant continues to benecessary, and

(d) that the decision to renew the warrant has been approved by a JudicialCommissioner.

(3) “The renewal period” means—(a) in the case of an urgent warrant which has not been renewed, the

relevant period;(b) in any other case, the period of 30 days ending with the day at the end

of which the warrant would otherwise cease to have effect.

(4) The decision to renew a bulk equipment interference warrant must be takenpersonally by the Secretary of State, and the instrument renewing the warrantmust be signed by the Secretary of State.

(5) Section 179 (approval of warrants by Judicial Commissioners) applies inrelation to a decision to renew a bulk equipment interference warrant as itapplies in relation to a decision to issue a bulk equipment interference warrant.This is subject to subsection (6).

(6) In the case of a bulk equipment interference warrant which has been modifiedso that it no longer authorises or requires the securing of interference with anyequipment or the obtaining of any communications, equipment data or otherinformation—

(a) the renewal condition in subsection (2)(a) is to be disregarded,(b) the reference in subsection (2)(c)(ii) to the grounds on which the

Secretary of State considers the warrant to be necessary is to be read asa reference to any grounds falling within section 178(1)(b) or (2), and

(c) section 179 has effect as if—(i) paragraph (a) of subsection (1) were omitted, and

(ii) the reference in subsection (1)(c)(ii) to the grounds on which theSecretary of State considers the warrant to be necessary were areference to any grounds falling within section 178(1)(b) or (2).

(7) In this section—“the relevant period” has the same meaning as in section 184;“urgent warrant” is to be read in accordance with subsection (3) of that

section.

186 Modification of warrants

(1) The provisions of a bulk equipment interference warrant may be modified atany time by an instrument issued by the person making the modification.

(2) The modifications which may be made under this section are—(a) adding, varying or removing any operational purpose specified in the

warrant as a purpose for which any material obtained under thewarrant may be selected for examination, and

(b) adding, varying or removing any description of conduct authorised bythe warrant.

(3) In this section—(a) a modification adding or varying any operational purpose, or any

description of conduct, as mentioned in subsection (2) is referred to asa “major modification”, and

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(b) any other modification within that subsection is referred to as a “minormodification”.

(4) A major modification adding or varying any operational purpose—(a) must be made by the Secretary of State, and(b) may be made only if the Secretary of State considers that it is necessary

on any of the grounds on which the Secretary of State considers thewarrant to be necessary (see section 178(1)(b)).

(5) A major modification adding or varying any description of conduct—(a) must be made by the Secretary of State, and(b) may be made only if the Secretary of State considers—

(i) that the modification is necessary on any of the grounds onwhich the Secretary of State considers the warrant to benecessary (see section 178(1)(b)), and

(ii) that the conduct authorised by the modification isproportionate to what is sought to be achieved by that conduct.

(6) Except where the Secretary of State considers that there is an urgent need tomake the modification, a major modification has effect only if the decision tomake the modification is approved by a Judicial Commissioner.

(7) A minor modification may be made by—(a) the Secretary of State, or(b) a senior official acting on behalf of the Secretary of State.

(8) Where a minor modification is made by a senior official, the Secretary of Statemust be notified personally of the modification and the reasons for making it.

(9) If at any time a person mentioned in subsection (7) considers that anyoperational purpose specified in a warrant is no longer a purpose for which theexamination of material obtained under the warrant is or may be necessary, theperson must modify the warrant by removing that operational purpose.

(10) The decision to modify the provisions of a warrant must be taken personallyby the person making the modification, and the instrument making themodification must be signed by that person.This is subject to subsection (11).

(11) If it is not reasonably practicable for an instrument making a majormodification to be signed by the Secretary of State, the instrument may besigned by a senior official designated by the Secretary of State for that purpose.

(12) In such a case, the instrument making the modification must contain astatement that—

(a) it is not reasonably practicable for the instrument to be signed by theSecretary of State, and

(b) the Secretary of State has personally and expressly authorised themaking of the modification.

(13) Despite section 176(1)(b) and (4)(a), the modification of a bulk equipmentinterference warrant so that it no longer authorises or requires the securing ofinterference with any equipment or the obtaining of any communications,equipment data or other information does not prevent the warrant from beinga bulk equipment interference warrant.

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(14) Nothing in this section applies in relation to modifying the provisions of awarrant in a way which does not affect the conduct authorised by it.

187 Approval of major modifications by Judicial Commissioners

(1) In deciding whether to approve a decision to make a major modification of abulk equipment interference warrant, a Judicial Commissioner must reviewthe Secretary of State’s conclusions as to the following matters—

(a) whether the modification is necessary on any of the grounds on whichthe Secretary of State considers the warrant to be necessary, and

(b) in the case of a major modification adding or varying any descriptionof conduct authorised by the warrant, whether the conduct authorisedby the modification is proportionate to what is sought to be achievedby that conduct.

(2) In doing so, the Judicial Commissioner must—(a) apply the same principles as would be applied by a court on an

application for judicial review, and(b) consider the matters referred to in subsection (1) with a sufficient

degree of care as to ensure that the Judicial Commissioner complieswith the duties imposed by section 2 (general duties in relation toprivacy).

(3) Where a Judicial Commissioner refuses to approve a decision to make a majormodification under section 186, the Judicial Commissioner must give theSecretary of State written reasons for the refusal.

(4) Where a Judicial Commissioner, other than the Investigatory PowersCommissioner, refuses to approve a decision to make a major modificationunder section 186, the Secretary of State may ask the Investigatory PowersCommissioner to decide whether to approve the decision to make themodification.

188 Approval of major modifications made in urgent cases

(1) This section applies where— (a) the Secretary of State makes a major modification of a bulk equipment

interference warrant without the approval of a Judicial Commissioner,and

(b) the Secretary of State considered that there was an urgent need to makethe modification.

(2) The Secretary of State must inform a Judicial Commissioner that themodification has been made.

(3) The Judicial Commissioner must, before the end of the relevant period— (a) decide whether to approve the decision to make the modification, and(b) notify the Secretary of State of the Judicial Commissioner’s decision.

“The relevant period” means the period ending with the third working dayafter the day on which the modification was made.

(4) If the Judicial Commissioner refuses to approve the decision to make themodification—

(a) the warrant (unless it no longer has effect) has effect as if themodification had not been made, and

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(b) the person to whom the warrant is addressed must, so far as isreasonably practicable, secure that anything in the process of beingdone under the warrant by virtue of that modification stops as soon aspossible,

and section 187(4) does not apply in relation to the refusal to approve thedecision.

(5) The Judicial Commissioner may authorise further interference with equipmentfor the purpose of enabling the person to whom the warrant is addressed tosecure that anything in the process of being done under the warrant by virtueof the modification stops as soon as possible.

(6) Nothing in this section affects the lawfulness of— (a) anything done under the warrant by virtue of the modification before

the modification ceases to have effect;(b) if anything is in the process of being done under the warrant by virtue

of the modification when the modification ceases to have effect— (i) anything done before that thing could be stopped, or

(ii) anything done which it is not reasonably practicable to stop.

189 Cancellation of warrants

(1) The Secretary of State, or a senior official acting on behalf of the Secretary ofState, may cancel a bulk equipment interference warrant at any time.

(2) If the Secretary of State, or a senior official acting on behalf of the Secretary ofState, considers that any of the cancellation conditions are met in relation to abulk equipment interference warrant, the person must cancel the warrant.

(3) The cancellation conditions are—(a) that the warrant is no longer necessary in the interests of national

security;(b) that the conduct authorised by the warrant is no longer proportionate

to what is sought to be achieved by that conduct;(c) that the examination of material obtained under the warrant is no

longer necessary for any of the specified operational purposes (seesection 183).

(4) But the condition in subsection (3)(a) does not apply where the warrant hasbeen modified so that it no longer authorises or requires the securing ofinterference with any equipment or the obtaining of any communications,equipment data or other information.

(5) Where a warrant is cancelled under this section, the person to whom thewarrant was addressed must, so far as is reasonably practicable, secure thatanything in the process of being done under the warrant stops as soon aspossible.

(6) A warrant that has been cancelled under this section may not be renewed.

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Implementation of warrants

190 Implementation of warrants

(1) In giving effect to a bulk equipment interference warrant, the person to whomit is addressed (“the implementing authority”) may (in addition to actingalone) act through, or together with, such other persons as the implementingauthority may require (whether under subsection (2) or otherwise) to providethe authority with assistance in giving effect to the warrant.

(2) For the purpose of requiring any person to provide assistance in relation to abulk equipment interference warrant, the implementing authority may—

(a) serve a copy of the warrant on any person who the implementingauthority considers may be able to provide such assistance, or

(b) make arrangements for the service of a copy of the warrant on any suchperson.

(3) A copy of a warrant may be served under subsection (2) on a person outsidethe United Kingdom for the purpose of requiring the person to provide suchassistance in the form of conduct outside the United Kingdom.

(4) For the purposes of this Act, the provision of assistance in giving effect to abulk equipment interference warrant includes any disclosure to theimplementing authority, or to persons acting on behalf of the implementingauthority, of material obtained under the warrant.

(5) Sections 127 (service of warrants) and 128 (duty of telecommunicationsoperators to assist with implementation) apply in relation to a bulk equipmentinterference warrant as they apply in relation to a targeted equipmentinterference warrant issued under section 102 by the Secretary of State.

(6) References in this section (and in sections 127 and 128 as they apply in relationto bulk equipment interference warrants) to the service of a copy of a warrantinclude—

(a) the service of a copy of one or more schedules contained in the warrantwith the omission of the remainder of the warrant, and

(b) the service of a copy of the warrant with the omission of any schedulecontained in the warrant.

Restrictions on use or disclosure of material obtained under warrants etc.

191 Safeguards relating to retention and disclosure of material

(1) The Secretary of State must ensure, in relation to every bulk equipmentinterference warrant, that arrangements are in force for securing—

(a) that the requirements of subsections (2) and (5) are met in relation to thematerial obtained under the warrant, and

(b) that the requirements of section 193 are met in relation to that material.This is subject to subsection (8).

(2) The requirements of this subsection are met in relation to the material obtainedunder the warrant if each of the following is limited to the minimum that isnecessary for the authorised purposes (see subsection (3))—

(a) the number of persons to whom any of the material is disclosed orotherwise made available;

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(b) the extent to which any of the material is disclosed or otherwise madeavailable;

(c) the extent to which any of the material is copied;(d) the number of copies that are made.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2) something is necessary for the authorisedpurposes if, and only if—

(a) it is, or is likely to become, necessary in the interests of national securityor on any other grounds falling within section 178(2),

(b) it is necessary for facilitating the carrying out of any functions underthis Act of the Secretary of State, the Scottish Ministers or the head ofthe intelligence service to whom the warrant is or was addressed,

(c) it is necessary for facilitating the carrying out of any functions of theJudicial Commissioners or of the Investigatory Powers Tribunal underor in relation to this Act,

(d) it is necessary for the purpose of legal proceedings, or(e) it is necessary for the performance of the functions of any person under

any enactment.

(4) The arrangements for the time being in force under this section for securingthat the requirements of subsection (2) are met in relation to the materialobtained under the warrant must include arrangements for securing that everycopy made of any of that material is stored, for so long as it is retained, in asecure manner.

(5) The requirements of this subsection are met in relation to the material obtainedunder the warrant if every copy made of any of that material (if not destroyedearlier) is destroyed as soon as there are no longer any relevant grounds forretaining it (see subsection (6)).

(6) For the purposes of subsection (5), there are no longer any relevant grounds forretaining a copy of any material if, and only if—

(a) its retention is not necessary, or not likely to become necessary, in theinterests of national security or on any other grounds falling withinsection 178(2), and

(b) its retention is not necessary for any of the purposes mentioned inparagraphs (b) to (e) of subsection (3) above.

(7) Subsection (8) applies if—(a) any material obtained under the warrant has been handed over to any

overseas authorities, or(b) a copy of any such material has been given to any overseas authorities.

(8) To the extent that the requirements of subsections (2) and (5) and section 193relate to any of the material mentioned in subsection (7)(a), or to the copymentioned in subsection (7)(b), the arrangements made for the purpose of thissection are not required to secure that those requirements are met (see insteadsection 192).

(9) In this section— “copy”, in relation to any material obtained under a warrant, means any

of the following (whether or not in documentary form)—(a) any copy, extract or summary of the material which identifies

the material as having been obtained under the warrant, and

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(b) any record which is a record of the identities of persons whoowned, used or were in possession of the equipment which wasinterfered with to obtain that material,

and “copied” is to be read accordingly;“overseas authorities” means authorities of a country or territory outside

the United Kingdom.

192 Safeguards relating to disclosure of material overseas

(1) The Secretary of State must ensure, in relation to every bulk equipmentinterference warrant, that arrangements are in force for securing that—

(a) any material obtained under the warrant is handed over to overseasauthorities only if the requirements of subsection (2) are met, and

(b) copies of any such material are given to overseas authorities only ifthose requirements are met.

(2) The requirements of this subsection are met in the case of a warrant if it appearsto the Secretary of State that requirements corresponding to the requirementsof section 191(2) and (5) and section 193 will apply, to such extent (if any) as theSecretary of State considers appropriate, in relation to any of the materialwhich is handed over, or any copy of which is given, to the authorities inquestion.

(3) In this section— “copy” has the same meaning as in section 191;“overseas authorities” means authorities of a country or territory outside

the United Kingdom.

193 Safeguards relating to examination of material etc.

(1) For the purposes of section 191, the requirements of this section are met inrelation to the material obtained under a warrant if—

(a) the selection of any of the material obtained under the warrant forexamination is carried out only for the specified purposes (seesubsection (2)),

(b) the selection of any of the material for examination is necessary andproportionate in all the circumstances, and

(c) where any such material is protected material, the selection of thematerial for examination meets any of the selection conditions (seesubsection (3)).

(2) The selection of material obtained under the warrant for examination is carriedout only for the specified purposes if the material is selected for examinationonly so far as is necessary for the operational purposes specified in the warrantin accordance with section 183.In this subsection “specified in the warrant” means specified in the warrant atthe time of the selection of the material for examination.

(3) The selection conditions referred to in subsection (1)(c) are—(a) that the selection of the protected material for examination does not

breach the prohibition in subsection (4);(b) that the person to whom the warrant is addressed reasonably considers

that the selection of the protected material for examination would notbreach that prohibition;

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(c) that the selection of the protected material for examination in breach ofthat prohibition is authorised by subsection (5);

(d) that the selection of the protected material for examination in breach ofthat prohibition is authorised by a targeted examination warrant issuedunder Part 5.

(4) The prohibition referred to in subsection (3)(a) is that the protected materialmay not at any time be selected for examination if—

(a) any criteria used for the selection of the material for examination arereferable to an individual known to be in the British Islands at that time,and

(b) the purpose of using those criteria is to identify protected materialconsisting of communications sent by, or intended for, that individualor private information relating to that individual.

It does not matter for the purposes of this subsection whether the identity ofthe individual is known.

(5) The selection of protected material (“the relevant material”) for examination isauthorised by this subsection if—

(a) criteria referable to an individual have been, or are being, used for theselection of material for examination in circumstances falling withinsubsection (3)(a) or (b),

(b) at any time it appears to the person to whom the warrant is addressedthat there has been a relevant change of circumstances in relation to theindividual (see subsection (6)) which would mean that the selection ofthe relevant material for examination would breach the prohibition insubsection (4),

(c) since that time, a written authorisation to examine the relevant materialusing those criteria has been given by a senior officer, and

(d) the selection of the relevant material for examination is made before theend of the permitted period (see subsection (7)).

(6) For the purposes of subsection (5)(b) there is a relevant change ofcircumstances in relation to an individual if—

(a) the individual has entered the British Islands, or(b) a belief by the person to whom the warrant is addressed that the

individual was outside the British Islands was in fact mistaken.

(7) In subsection (5)—“senior officer”, in relation to a warrant addressed to the head of an

intelligence service, means a member of the intelligence service who—(a) is a member of the Senior Civil Service or a member of the

Senior Management Structure of Her Majesty’s DiplomaticService, or

(b) holds a position in the intelligence service of equivalentseniority to such a member;

“the permitted period” means the period ending with the fifth workingday after the time mentioned in subsection (5)(b).

(8) In a case where the selection of protected material for examination isauthorised by subsection (5), the person to whom the warrant is addressedmust notify the Secretary of State that the selection is being carried out.

(9) In this Part, “protected material” means any material obtained under thewarrant other than material which is—

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(a) equipment data;(b) information (other than a communication or equipment data) which is

not private information.

194 Additional safeguards for items subject to legal privilege

(1) Subsection (2) applies if, in a case where protected material obtained under abulk equipment interference warrant is to be selected for examination—

(a) the selection of the material for examination meets any of the selectionconditions in section 193(3)(a) to (c), and

(b) either—(i) the purpose, or one of the purposes, of using the criteria to be

used for the selection of the material for examination (“therelevant criteria”) is to identify any items subject to legalprivilege, or

(ii) the use of the relevant criteria is likely to identify such items.

(2) The material may be selected for examination using the relevant criteria only ifa senior official acting on behalf of the Secretary of State has approved the useof those criteria.

(3) In deciding whether to give an approval under subsection (2) in a case wheresubsection (1)(b)(i) applies, a senior official must have regard to the publicinterest in the confidentiality of items subject to legal privilege.

(4) A senior official may give an approval under subsection (2) only if—(a) the official considers that the arrangements made for the purposes of

section 191 (safeguards relating to retention and disclosure of material)include specific arrangements for the handling, retention, use anddestruction of items subject to legal privilege, and

(b) where subsection (1)(b)(i) applies, the official considers that there areexceptional and compelling circumstances that make it necessary toauthorise the use of the relevant criteria.

(5) For the purposes of subsection (4)(b), there cannot be exceptional andcompelling circumstances that make it necessary to authorise the use of therelevant criteria unless—

(a) the public interest in obtaining the information that would be obtainedby the selection of the material for examination outweighs the publicinterest in the confidentiality of items subject to legal privilege,

(b) there are no other means by which the information may reasonably beobtained, and

(c) obtaining the information is necessary in the interests of nationalsecurity or for the purpose of preventing death or significant injury.

(6) Subsection (7) applies if, in a case where protected material obtained under abulk equipment interference warrant is to be selected for examination—

(a) the selection of the material for examination meets any of the selectionconditions in section 193(3)(a) to (c),

(b) the purpose, or one of the purposes, of using the criteria to be used forthe selection of the material for examination (“the relevant criteria”) isto identify communications or other items of information that, if theywere not communications made or (as the case may be) other items ofinformation created or held with the intention of furthering a criminalpurpose, would be items subject to legal privilege, and

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(c) the person to whom the warrant is addressed considers that thecommunications or other items of information (“the targetedcommunications or other items of information”) are likely to becommunications made or (as the case may be) other items ofinformation created or held with the intention of furthering a criminalpurpose.

(7) The material may be selected for examination using the relevant criteria only ifa senior official acting on behalf of the Secretary of State has approved the useof those criteria.

(8) A senior official may give an approval under subsection (7) only if the officialconsiders that the targeted communications or other items of information arelikely to be communications made or (as the case may be) other items ofinformation created or held with the intention of furthering a criminal purpose.

(9) Where an item subject to legal privilege which has been obtained under a bulkequipment interference warrant is retained following its examination, forpurposes other than the destruction of the item, the person to whom thewarrant is addressed must inform the Investigatory Powers Commissioner assoon as is reasonably practicable.(For provision about the grounds for retaining material obtained under a bulkequipment interference warrant, see section 191.)

(10) Unless the Investigatory Powers Commissioner considers that subsection (12)applies to the item, the Commissioner must—

(a) direct that the item is destroyed, or(b) impose one or more conditions as to the use or retention of that item.

(11) If the Investigatory Powers Commissioner considers that subsection (12)applies to the item, the Commissioner may nevertheless impose suchconditions under subsection (10)(b) as the Commissioner considers necessaryfor the purpose of protecting the public interest in the confidentiality of itemssubject to legal privilege.

(12) This subsection applies to an item subject to legal privilege if—(a) the public interest in retaining the item outweighs the public interest in

the confidentiality of items subject to legal privilege, and(b) retaining the item is necessary in the interests of national security or for

the purpose of preventing death or significant injury.

(13) The Investigatory Powers Commissioner—(a) may require an affected party to make representations about how the

Commissioner should exercise any function under subsection (10), and(b) must have regard to any such representations made by an affected

party (whether or not as a result of a requirement imposed underparagraph (a)).

(14) Each of the following is an “affected party” for the purposes of subsection(13)—

(a) the Secretary of State;(b) the person to whom the warrant is or was addressed.

195 Additional safeguard for confidential journalistic material

Where—

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(a) material obtained under a bulk equipment interference warrant isretained, following its examination, for purposes other than thedestruction of the material, and

(b) it is material containing confidential journalistic material,the person to whom the warrant is addressed must inform the InvestigatoryPowers Commissioner as soon as is reasonably practicable.(For provision about the grounds for retaining material obtained under a bulkequipment interference warrant, see section 191.)

196 Offence of breaching safeguards relating to examination of material

(1) A person commits an offence if—(a) the person selects for examination any material obtained under a bulk

equipment interference warrant,(b) the person knows or believes that the selection of that material does not

comply with a requirement imposed by section 193 or 194, and(c) the person deliberately selects that material in breach of that

requirement.

(2) A person guilty of an offence under this section is liable—(a) on summary conviction in England and Wales—

(i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months (or 6months, if the offence was committed before thecommencement of section 154(1) of the Criminal Justice Act2003), or

(ii) to a fine,or to both;

(b) on summary conviction in Scotland— (i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months, or

(ii) to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum,or to both;

(c) on summary conviction in Northern Ireland— (i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months, or

(ii) to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum,or to both;

(d) on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding2 years or to a fine, or to both.

(3) No proceedings for any offence which is an offence by virtue of this sectionmay be instituted—

(a) in England and Wales, except by or with the consent of the Director ofPublic Prosecutions;

(b) in Northern Ireland, except by or with the consent of the Director ofPublic Prosecutions for Northern Ireland.

197 Application of other restrictions in relation to warrants

Sections 132 to 134 (duty not to make unauthorised disclosures) apply inrelation to bulk equipment interference warrants as they apply in relation totargeted equipment interference warrants, but as if the reference in section133(2)(c) to a requirement for disclosure imposed by virtue of section 126(4)were a reference to such a requirement imposed by virtue of section 190(4).

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Interpretation

198 Chapter 3: interpretation

(1) In this Chapter—“communication” includes—

(a) anything comprising speech, music, sounds, visual images ordata of any description, and

(b) signals serving either for the impartation of anything betweenpersons, between a person and a thing or between things or forthe actuation or control of any apparatus;

“equipment” means equipment producing electromagnetic, acoustic orother emissions or any device capable of being used in connection withsuch equipment;

“equipment data” has the meaning given by section 177; “private information” includes information relating to a person’s private

or family life;“protected material”, in relation to a bulk equipment interference warrant,

has the meaning given by section 193(9);“senior official” means a member of the Senior Civil Service or a member

of the Senior Management Structure of Her Majesty’s DiplomaticService;

“the specified operational purposes” has the meaning given by section183(12).

(2) See also—section 261 (telecommunications definitions);section 263 (general definitions);section 264 (general definitions: “journalistic material” etc.);section 265 (index of defined expressions).

PART 7

BULK PERSONAL DATASET WARRANTS

Bulk personal datasets: interpretation

199 Bulk personal datasets: interpretation

(1) For the purposes of this Part, an intelligence service retains a bulk personaldataset if—

(a) the intelligence service obtains a set of information that includespersonal data relating to a number of individuals,

(b) the nature of the set is such that the majority of the individuals are not,and are unlikely to become, of interest to the intelligence service in theexercise of its functions,

(c) after any initial examination of the contents, the intelligence serviceretains the set for the purpose of the exercise of its functions, and

(d) the set is held, or is to be held, electronically for analysis in the exerciseof those functions.

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(2) In this Part, “personal data” has the same meaning as in the Data Protection Act1998 except that it also includes data relating to a deceased individual wherethe data would be personal data within the meaning of that Act if it related toa living individual.

Requirement for warrant

200 Requirement for authorisation by warrant: general

(1) An intelligence service may not exercise a power to retain a bulk personaldataset unless the retention of the dataset is authorised by a warrant under thisPart.

(2) An intelligence service may not exercise a power to examine a bulk personaldataset retained by it unless the examination is authorised by a warrant underthis Part.

(3) For the purposes of this Part, there are two kinds of warrant—(a) a warrant, referred to in this Part as “a class BPD warrant”, authorising

an intelligence service to retain, or to retain and examine, any bulkpersonal dataset of a class described in the warrant;

(b) a warrant, referred to in this Part as “a specific BPD warrant”,authorising an intelligence service to retain, or to retain and examine,any bulk personal dataset described in the warrant.

(4) Section 201 sets out exceptions to the restrictions imposed by subsections (1)and (2) of this section.

201 Exceptions to section 200(1) and (2)

(1) Section 200(1) or (2) does not apply to the exercise of a power of an intelligenceservice to retain or (as the case may be) examine a bulk personal dataset if theintelligence service obtained the bulk personal dataset under a warrant orother authorisation issued or given under this Act.

(2) Section 200(1) or (2) does not apply at any time when a bulk personal datasetis being retained or (as the case may be) examined for the purpose of enablingany of the information contained in it to be destroyed.

(3) Sections 210(8), 219(8) and 220(5) provide for other exceptions to section 200(1)or (2) (in connection with cases where a Judicial Commissioner refuses toapprove a specific BPD warrant, the non-renewal or cancellation of BPDwarrants and initial examinations).

202 Restriction on use of class BPD warrants

(1) An intelligence service may not retain, or retain and examine, a bulk personaldataset in reliance on a class BPD warrant if the head of the intelligence serviceconsiders that the bulk personal dataset consists of, or includes, protected data.For the meaning of “protected data”, see section 203.

(2) An intelligence service may not retain, or retain and examine, a bulk personaldataset in reliance on a class BPD warrant if the head of the intelligence serviceconsiders—

(a) that the bulk personal dataset consists of, or includes, health records, or

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(b) that a substantial proportion of the bulk personal dataset consists ofsensitive personal data.

(3) An intelligence service may not retain, or retain and examine, a bulk personaldataset in reliance on a class BPD warrant if the head of the intelligence serviceconsiders that the nature of the bulk personal dataset, or the circumstances inwhich it was created, is or are such that its retention, or retention andexamination, by the intelligence service raises novel or contentious issueswhich ought to be considered by the Secretary of State and a JudicialCommissioner on an application by the head of the intelligence service for aspecific BPD warrant.

(4) In subsection (2)—“health records” has the same meaning as in section 206;“sensitive personal data” means personal data consisting of information

about an individual (whether living or deceased) which is of a kindmentioned in section 2(a) to (f) of the Data Protection Act 1998.

203 Meaning of “protected data”

(1) In this Part, “protected data” means any data contained in a bulk personaldataset other than data which is one or more of the following—

(a) systems data;(b) data which falls within subsection (2);(c) data which is not private information.

(2) The data falling within this subsection is identifying data which—(a) is contained in the bulk personal dataset,(b) is capable of being logically separated from the bulk personal dataset,

and(c) if it were so separated, would not reveal anything of what might

reasonably be considered to be the meaning (if any) of any of the datawhich would remain in the bulk personal dataset or of the bulkpersonal dataset itself, disregarding any meaning arising from theexistence of that data or (as the case may be) the existence of the bulkpersonal dataset or from any data relating to that fact.

(3) For the meaning of “systems data” see section 263(4).

(4) In this section, “private information” includes information relating to aperson’s private or family life.

Issue of warrants

204 Class BPD warrants

(1) The head of an intelligence service, or a person acting on his or her behalf, mayapply to the Secretary of State for a class BPD warrant.

(2) The application must include—(a) a description of the class of bulk personal datasets to which the

application relates, and(b) in a case where the intelligence service is seeking authorisation for the

examination of bulk personal datasets of that class, the operational

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purposes which it is proposing should be specified in the warrant (seesection 212).

(3) The Secretary of State may issue the warrant if—(a) the Secretary of State considers that the warrant is necessary—

(i) in the interests of national security,(ii) for the purposes of preventing or detecting serious crime, or

(iii) in the interests of the economic well-being of the UnitedKingdom so far as those interests are also relevant to theinterests of national security,

(b) the Secretary of State considers that the conduct authorised by thewarrant is proportionate to what is sought to be achieved by theconduct,

(c) where the warrant authorises the examination of bulk personal datasetsof the class described in the warrant, the Secretary of State considersthat—

(i) each of the specified operational purposes (see section 212) is apurpose for which the examination of bulk personal datasets ofthat class is or may be necessary, and

(ii) the examination of bulk personal datasets of that class for eachsuch purpose is necessary on any of the grounds on which theSecretary of State considers the warrant to be necessary,

(d) the Secretary of State considers that the arrangements made by theintelligence service for storing bulk personal datasets of the class towhich the application relates and for protecting them fromunauthorised disclosure are satisfactory, and

(e) the decision to issue the warrant has been approved by a JudicialCommissioner.

(4) The fact that a class BPD warrant would authorise the retention, or theretention and examination, of bulk personal datasets relating to activities in theBritish Islands of a trade union is not, of itself, sufficient to establish that thewarrant is necessary on grounds falling within subsection (3)(a).

(5) An application for a class BPD warrant may only be made on behalf of the headof an intelligence service by a person holding office under the Crown.

205 Specific BPD warrants

(1) The head of an intelligence service, or a person acting on his or her behalf, mayapply to the Secretary of State for a specific BPD warrant in the following cases.

(2) Case 1 is where—(a) the intelligence service is seeking authorisation to retain, or to retain

and examine, a bulk personal dataset, and(b) the bulk personal dataset does not fall within a class described in a class

BPD warrant.

(3) Case 2 is where—(a) the intelligence service is seeking authorisation to retain, or to retain

and examine, a bulk personal dataset, and(b) the bulk personal dataset falls within a class described in a class BPD

warrant but either—

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(i) the intelligence service is prevented by section 202(1), (2) or (3)from retaining, or retaining and examining, the bulk personaldataset in reliance on the class BPD warrant, or

(ii) the intelligence service at any time considers that it would beappropriate to seek a specific BPD warrant.

(4) The application must include—(a) a description of the bulk personal dataset to which the application

relates, and(b) in a case where the intelligence service is seeking authorisation for the

examination of the bulk personal dataset, the operational purposeswhich it is proposing should be specified in the warrant (see section212).

(5) Where subsection (3)(b)(i) applies, the application must include an explanationof why the intelligence service is prevented by section 202(1), (2) or (3) fromretaining, or retaining and examining, the bulk personal dataset in reliance ona class BPD warrant.

(6) The Secretary of State may issue the warrant if—(a) the Secretary of State considers that the warrant is necessary—

(i) in the interests of national security,(ii) for the purposes of preventing or detecting serious crime, or

(iii) in the interests of the economic well-being of the UnitedKingdom so far as those interests are also relevant to theinterests of national security,

(b) the Secretary of State considers that the conduct authorised by thewarrant is proportionate to what is sought to be achieved by theconduct,

(c) where the warrant authorises the examination of a bulk personaldataset, the Secretary of State considers that—

(i) each of the specified operational purposes (see section 212) is apurpose for which the examination of the bulk personal datasetis or may be necessary, and

(ii) the examination of the bulk personal dataset for each suchpurpose is necessary on any of the grounds on which theSecretary of State considers the warrant to be necessary,

(d) the Secretary of State considers that the arrangements made by theintelligence service for storing the bulk personal dataset and forprotecting it from unauthorised disclosure are satisfactory, and

(e) except where the Secretary of State considers that there is an urgentneed to issue the warrant, the decision to issue it has been approved bya Judicial Commissioner.

(7) The fact that a specific BPD warrant would authorise the retention, or theretention and examination, of bulk personal datasets relating to activities in theBritish Islands of a trade union is not, of itself, sufficient to establish that thewarrant is necessary on grounds falling within subsection (6)(a).

(8) A specific BPD warrant relating to a bulk personal dataset (“dataset A”) mayalso authorise the retention or examination of other bulk personal datasets(“replacement datasets”) that do not exist at the time of the issue of the warrantbut may reasonably be regarded as replacements for dataset A.

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(9) An application for a specific BPD warrant may only be made on behalf of thehead of an intelligence service by a person holding office under the Crown.

206 Additional safeguards for health records

(1) Subsections (2) and (3) apply if—(a) an application is made by or on behalf of the head of an intelligence

service for the issue of a specific BPD warrant, and(b) the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the warrant is to authorise the

retention, or the retention and examination, of health records.

(2) The application must contain a statement that the purpose, or one of thepurposes, of the warrant is to authorise the retention, or the retention andexamination, of health records.

(3) The Secretary of State may issue the warrant only if the Secretary of Stateconsiders that there are exceptional and compelling circumstances that make itnecessary to authorise the retention, or the retention and examination, ofhealth records.

(4) Subsection (5) applies if—(a) an application is made by or on behalf of the head of an intelligence

service for a specific BPD warrant,(b) the head of the intelligence service considers that the bulk personal

dataset includes, or is likely to include, health records, and(c) subsections (2) and (3) do not apply.

(5) The application must contain either—(a) a statement that the head of the intelligence service considers that the

bulk personal dataset includes health records, or(b) a statement that the head of the intelligence service considers that it is

likely that the bulk personal dataset includes health records and anassessment of how likely this is.

(6) In this section, “health record” means a record, or a copy of a record, which—(a) consists of information relating to the physical or mental health or

condition of an individual,(b) was made by or on behalf of a health professional in connection with

the care of that individual, and(c) was obtained by the intelligence service from a health professional or a

health service body or from a person acting on behalf of a healthprofessional or a health service body in relation to the record or thecopy.

(7) In subsection (6)—“health professional” has the same meaning as in the Data Protection Act

1998 (see section 69 of that Act);“health service body” has the meaning given by section 69(3) of that Act.

207 Protected data: power to impose conditions

Where the Secretary of State decides to issue a specific BPD warrant, theSecretary of State may impose conditions which must be satisfied beforeprotected data retained in reliance on the warrant may be selected for

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examination on the basis of criteria which are referable to an individual knownto be in the British Islands at the time of the selection.

208 Approval of warrants by Judicial Commissioners

(1) In deciding whether to approve a decision to issue a class BPD warrant or aspecific BPD warrant, a Judicial Commissioner must review the Secretary ofState’s conclusions as to the following matters—

(a) whether the warrant is necessary on grounds falling within section204(3)(a) or (as the case may be) section 205(6)(a),

(b) whether the conduct that would be authorised by the warrant isproportionate to what is sought to be achieved by that conduct, and

(c) where the warrant authorises examination of bulk personal datasets ofa class described in the warrant or (as the case may be) of a bulkpersonal dataset described in the warrant, whether—

(i) each of the specified operational purposes (see section 212) is apurpose for which the examination of bulk personal datasets ofthat class or (as the case may be) the bulk personal dataset is ormay be necessary, and

(ii) the examination of bulk personal datasets of that class or (as thecase may be) the bulk personal dataset is necessary asmentioned in section 204(3)(c)(ii) or (as the case may be) section205(6)(c)(ii).

(2) In doing so, the Judicial Commissioner must—(a) apply the same principles as would be applied by a court on an

application for judicial review, and(b) consider the matters referred to in subsection (1) with a sufficient

degree of care as to ensure that the Judicial Commissioner complieswith the duties imposed by section 2 (general duties in relation toprivacy).

(3) Where a Judicial Commissioner refuses to approve a decision to issue a classBPD warrant or a specific BPD warrant, the Judicial Commissioner must givethe Secretary of State written reasons for the refusal.

(4) Where a Judicial Commissioner, other than the Investigatory PowersCommissioner, refuses to approve a decision to issue a class BPD warrant or aspecific BPD warrant, the Secretary of State may ask the Investigatory PowersCommissioner to decide whether to approve the decision to issue the warrant.

209 Approval of specific BPD warrants issued in urgent cases

(1) This section applies where— (a) a specific BPD warrant is issued without the approval of a Judicial

Commissioner, and(b) the Secretary of State considered that there was an urgent need to issue

it.

(2) The Secretary of State must inform a Judicial Commissioner that it has beenissued.

(3) The Judicial Commissioner must, before the end of the relevant period— (a) decide whether to approve the decision to issue the warrant, and(b) notify the Secretary of State of the Judicial Commissioner’s decision.

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“The relevant period” means the period ending with the third working dayafter the day on which the warrant was issued.

(4) If a Judicial Commissioner refuses to approve the decision to issue a specificBPD warrant, the warrant—

(a) ceases to have effect (unless already cancelled), and(b) may not be renewed,

and section 208(4) does not apply in relation to the refusal to approve thedecision.

(5) Section 210 contains further provision about what happens if a JudicialCommissioner refuses to approve a decision to issue a warrant.

210 Failure to approve specific BPD warrant issued in urgent case

(1) This section applies where under section 209(3) a Judicial Commissionerrefuses to approve the decision to issue a warrant.

(2) The head of the intelligence service to whom the warrant was addressed must,so far as is reasonably practicable, secure that anything in the process of beingdone in reliance on the warrant stops as soon as possible.

(3) The Judicial Commissioner may— (a) direct that the whole or part of a bulk personal dataset retained in

reliance on the warrant is destroyed;(b) impose conditions as to the use or retention of the whole or part of any

such bulk personal dataset.

(4) The Judicial Commissioner—(a) may require an affected party to make representations about how the

Judicial Commissioner should exercise any function under subsection(3), and

(b) must have regard to any such representations made by an affectedparty (whether or not as a result of a requirement imposed underparagraph (a)).

(5) Each of the following is an “affected party” for the purposes of subsection (4)—(a) the Secretary of State;(b) the head of the intelligence service to whom the warrant was

addressed.

(6) The Secretary of State may ask the Investigatory Powers Commissioner toreview a decision made by any other Judicial Commissioner under subsection(3).

(7) On a review under subsection (6), the Investigatory Powers Commissionermay—

(a) confirm the Judicial Commissioner’s decision, or(b) make a fresh determination.

(8) An intelligence service is not to be regarded as in breach of section 200(1) or (2)where it retains or (as the case may be) examines a bulk personal dataset inaccordance with conditions imposed under subsection (3)(b).

(9) Nothing in this section or section 209 affects the lawfulness of— (a) anything done in reliance on the warrant before it ceases to have effect;

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(b) if anything is in the process of being done in reliance on the warrantwhen it ceases to have effect—

(i) anything done before that thing could be stopped, or(ii) anything done that it is not reasonably practicable to stop.

211 Decisions to issue warrants to be taken personally by Secretary of State

(1) The decision to issue a class BPD warrant or a specific BPD warrant must betaken personally by the Secretary of State.

(2) Before a class BPD warrant is issued, it must be signed by the Secretary of State.

(3) Before a specific BPD warrant is issued, it must be signed by the Secretary ofState (subject to subsection (4)).

(4) If it is not reasonably practicable for a specific BPD warrant to be signed by theSecretary of State, it may be signed by a senior official designated by theSecretary of State for that purpose.

(5) In such a case, the warrant must contain a statement that—(a) it is not reasonably practicable for the warrant to be signed by the

Secretary of State, and(b) the Secretary of State has personally and expressly authorised the issue

of the warrant.

212 Requirements that must be met by warrants

(1) A class BPD warrant or a specific BPD warrant must contain a provision statingwhether it is a class BPD warrant or (as the case may be) a specific BPDwarrant.

(2) A class BPD warrant or a specific BPD warrant must be addressed to the headof the intelligence service by whom, or on whose behalf, the application for thewarrant was made.

(3) A class BPD warrant must—(a) include a description of the class of bulk personal datasets to which the

warrant relates, and(b) where the warrant authorises examination of bulk personal datasets of

that class, specify the operational purposes for which data contained inbulk personal datasets of that class may be selected for examination.

(4) A specific BPD warrant must—(a) describe the bulk personal dataset to which the warrant relates,(b) where the warrant authorises the retention or examination of

replacement datasets, include a description that will enable thosedatasets to be identified,

(c) where the warrant authorises the examination of the bulk personaldataset or replacement datasets, specify the operational purposes forwhich data contained in the bulk personal dataset and any replacementdatasets may be selected for examination, and

(d) where the Secretary of State has imposed conditions under section 207,specify those conditions.

(5) The operational purposes specified in a class BPD warrant or a specific BPDwarrant must be ones specified, in a list maintained by the heads of the

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intelligence services (“the list of operational purposes”), as purposes whichthey consider are operational purposes for which data contained in bulkpersonal datasets retained in reliance on class BPD warrants or specific BPDwarrants may be selected for examination.

(6) A class BPD warrant or a specific BPD warrant may, in particular, specify all ofthe operational purposes which, at the time the warrant is issued, are specifiedin the list of operational purposes.

(7) An operational purpose may be specified in the list of operational purposesonly with the approval of the Secretary of State.

(8) The Secretary of State may give such approval only if satisfied that theoperational purpose is specified in a greater level of detail than the descriptionscontained in section 204(3)(a) or (as the case may be) section 205(6)(a).

(9) At the end of each relevant three-month period, the Secretary of State mustgive a copy of the list of operational purposes to the Intelligence and SecurityCommittee of Parliament.

(10) In subsection (9), “relevant three-month period” means—(a) the period of three months beginning with the day on which this

section comes into force, and(b) each successive period of three months.

(11) The Prime Minister must review the list of operational purposes at least once ayear.

(12) In this Part, “the specified operational purposes”, in relation to a class BPDwarrant or a specific BPD warrant, means the operational purposes specifiedin the warrant in accordance with this section.

Duration, modification and cancellation

213 Duration of warrants

(1) A class BPD warrant or a specific BPD warrant ceases to have effect at the endof the relevant period (see subsection (2)) unless—

(a) it is renewed before the end of that period (see section 214), or(b) it is cancelled or (in the case of a specific BPD warrant) otherwise ceases

to have effect before the end of that period (see sections 209 and 218).

(2) In this section, “the relevant period”—(a) in the case of an urgent specific BPD warrant (see subsection (3)), means

the period ending with the fifth working day after the day on which thewarrant was issued;

(b) in any other case, means the period of 6 months beginning with—(i) the day on which the warrant was issued, or

(ii) in the case of a warrant that has been renewed, the day after theday at the end of which the warrant would have ceased to haveeffect if it had not been renewed.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2)(a), a specific BPD warrant is an “urgentspecific BPD warrant” if—

(a) the warrant was issued without the approval of a JudicialCommissioner, and

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(b) the Secretary of State considered that there was an urgent need to issueit.

(4) For provision about the renewal of warrants, see section 214.

214 Renewal of warrants

(1) If the renewal conditions are met, a class BPD warrant or a specific BPDwarrant may be renewed, at any time during the renewal period, by aninstrument issued by the Secretary of State.

(2) The renewal conditions are—(a) that the Secretary of State considers that the warrant continues to be

necessary on grounds falling within section 204(3)(a) or (as the casemay be) section 205(6)(a),

(b) that the Secretary of State considers that the conduct that would beauthorised by the renewed warrant continues to be proportionate towhat is sought to be achieved by the conduct,

(c) where the warrant authorises examination of bulk personal datasets ofa class described in the warrant or (as the case may be) of a bulkpersonal dataset described in the warrant, that the Secretary of Stateconsiders that—

(i) each of the specified operational purposes (see section 212) is apurpose for which the examination of bulk personal datasets ofthat class or (as the case may be) the bulk personal datasetcontinues to be, or may be, necessary, and

(ii) the examination of bulk personal datasets of that class or (as thecase may be) the bulk personal dataset continues to benecessary on any of the grounds on which the Secretary of Stateconsiders that the warrant continues to be necessary, and

(d) that the decision to renew the warrant has been approved by a JudicialCommissioner.

(3) “The renewal period” means—(a) in the case of an urgent specific BPD warrant which has not been

renewed, the relevant period;(b) in any other case, the period of 30 days ending with the day at the end

of which the warrant would otherwise cease to have effect.

(4) The decision to renew a class BPD warrant or a specific BPD warrant must betaken personally by the Secretary of State, and the instrument renewing thewarrant must be signed by the Secretary of State.

(5) Section 207 (protected data: power to impose conditions) applies in relation tothe renewal of a specific BPD warrant as it applies in relation to the issue ofsuch a warrant (whether or not any conditions have previously been imposedin relation to the warrant under that section).

(6) Section 208 (approval of warrants by Judicial Commissioner) applies inrelation to a decision to renew a warrant as it applies in relation to a decisionto issue a warrant.

(7) In this section—“the relevant period” has the same meaning as in section 213;“urgent specific BPD warrant” is to be read in accordance with subsection

(3) of that section.

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215 Modification of warrants

(1) The provisions of a class BPD warrant or a specific BPD warrant may bemodified at any time by an instrument issued by the person making themodification.

(2) The only modifications which may be made under this section are—(a) in the case of a class BPD warrant, adding, varying or removing any

operational purpose specified in the warrant as a purpose for whichbulk personal datasets of a class described in the warrant may beexamined;

(b) in the case of a specific BPD warrant, adding, varying or removing anyoperational purpose specified in the warrant as a purpose for which thebulk personal dataset described in the warrant may be examined.

(3) In this section—(a) a modification adding or varying any operational purpose is referred to

as a “major modification”, and(b) a modification removing any operational purpose is referred to as a

“minor modification”.

(4) A major modification—(a) must be made by the Secretary of State, and(b) may be made only if the Secretary of State considers that it is necessary

on any of the grounds on which the Secretary of State considers thewarrant to be necessary (see section 204(3)(a) or (as the case may be)section 205(6)(a)).

(5) Except where the Secretary of State considers that there is an urgent need tomake the modification, a major modification has effect only if the decision tomake the modification is approved by a Judicial Commissioner.

(6) A minor modification may be made by—(a) the Secretary of State, or(b) a senior official acting on behalf of the Secretary of State.

(7) Where a minor modification is made by a senior official, the Secretary of Statemust be notified personally of the modification and the reasons for making it.

(8) If at any time a person mentioned in subsection (6) considers that anyoperational purpose specified in a warrant is no longer a purpose for which theexamination of any bulk personal datasets to which the warrant relates is ormay be necessary, the person must modify the warrant by removing thatoperational purpose.

(9) The decision to modify the provisions of a class BPD warrant or a specific BPDwarrant must be taken personally by the person making the modification, andthe instrument making the modification must be signed by that person.This is subject to subsection (10).

(10) If it is not reasonably practicable for an instrument making a majormodification to be signed by the Secretary of State, the instrument may besigned by a senior official designated by the Secretary of State for that purpose.

(11) In such a case, the instrument making the modification must contain astatement that—

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(a) it is not reasonably practicable for the instrument to be signed by theSecretary of State, and

(b) the Secretary of State has personally and expressly authorised themaking of the modification.

216 Approval of major modifications by Judicial Commissioners

(1) In deciding whether to approve a decision to make a major modification of aclass BPD warrant or a specific BPD warrant, a Judicial Commissioner mustreview the Secretary of State’s conclusions as to whether the modification isnecessary on any of the grounds on which the Secretary of State considers thewarrant to be necessary.

(2) In doing so, the Judicial Commissioner must—(a) apply the same principles as would be applied by a court on an

application for judicial review, and(b) consider the matter referred to in subsection (1) with a sufficient degree

of care as to ensure that the Judicial Commissioner complies with theduties imposed by section 2 (general duties in relation to privacy).

(3) Where a Judicial Commissioner refuses to approve a decision to make a majormodification under section 215, the Judicial Commissioner must give theSecretary of State written reasons for the refusal.

(4) Where a Judicial Commissioner, other than the Investigatory PowersCommissioner, refuses to approve a decision to make a major modificationunder section 215, the Secretary of State may ask the Investigatory PowersCommissioner to decide whether to approve the decision to make themodification.

217 Approval of major modifications made in urgent cases

(1) This section applies where— (a) the Secretary of State makes a major modification of a class BPD

warrant or a specific BPD warrant without the approval of a JudicialCommissioner, and

(b) the Secretary of State considered that there was an urgent need to makethe modification.

(2) The Secretary of State must inform a Judicial Commissioner that themodification has been made.

(3) The Judicial Commissioner must, before the end of the relevant period— (a) decide whether to approve the decision to make the modification, and(b) notify the Secretary of State of the Judicial Commissioner’s decision.

“The relevant period” means the period ending with the third working dayafter the day on which the modification was made.

(4) If the Judicial Commissioner refuses to approve the decision to make themodification—

(a) the warrant (unless it no longer has effect) has effect as if themodification had not been made, and

(b) the person to whom the warrant is addressed must, so far as isreasonably practicable, secure that anything in the process of being

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done in reliance on the warrant by virtue of that modification stops assoon as possible,

and section 216(4) does not apply in relation to the refusal to approve thedecision.

(5) Nothing in this section affects the lawfulness of— (a) anything done in reliance on the warrant by virtue of the modification

before the modification ceases to have effect;(b) if anything is in the process of being done in reliance on the warrant by

virtue of the modification when the modification ceases to have effect— (i) anything done before that thing could be stopped, or

(ii) anything done which it is not reasonably practicable to stop.

218 Cancellation of warrants

(1) The Secretary of State, or a senior official acting on behalf of the Secretary ofState, may cancel a class BPD warrant or a specific BPD warrant at any time.

(2) If the Secretary of State, or a senior official acting on behalf of the Secretary ofState, considers that any of the cancellation conditions are met in relation to aclass BPD warrant or a specific BPD warrant, the person must cancel thewarrant.

(3) The cancellation conditions are—(a) that the warrant is no longer necessary on any grounds falling within

section 204(3)(a) or (as the case may be) section 205(6)(a);(b) that the conduct authorised by the warrant is no longer proportionate

to what is sought to be achieved by that conduct;(c) where the warrant authorises examination of bulk personal datasets of

a class described in the warrant or (as the case may be) of a bulkpersonal dataset described in the warrant, that the examination of bulkpersonal datasets of that class or (as the case may be) of the bulkpersonal dataset is no longer necessary for any of the specifiedoperational purposes (see section 212).

219 Non-renewal or cancellation of BPD warrants

(1) This section applies where a class BPD warrant or a specific BPD warrantceases to have effect because it expires without having been renewed orbecause it is cancelled.

(2) The head of the intelligence service to whom the warrant was addressed may,before the end of the period of 5 working days beginning with the day onwhich the warrant ceases to have effect—

(a) apply for—(i) a specific BPD warrant authorising the retention, or the

retention and examination, of the whole or any part of thematerial retained by the intelligence service in reliance on thewarrant which has ceased to have effect;

(ii) a class BPD warrant authorising the retention or (as the casemay be) the retention and examination of bulk personaldatasets of a class that is described in a way that wouldauthorise the retention or (as the case may be) the retention andexamination of the whole or any part of such material, or

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(b) where the head of the intelligence service wishes to give furtherconsideration to whether to apply for a warrant of a kind mentioned inparagraph (a)(i) or (ii), apply to the Secretary of State for authorisationto retain, or to retain and examine, the whole or any part of the materialretained by the intelligence service in reliance on the warrant.

(3) On an application under subsection (2)(b), the Secretary of State may—(a) direct that any of the material to which the application relates be

destroyed;(b) with the approval of a Judicial Commissioner, authorise the retention

or (as the case may be) the retention and examination of any of thatmaterial, subject to such conditions as the Secretary of State considersappropriate, for a period specified by the Secretary of State which maynot exceed 3 months.

(4) In deciding whether to give approval for the purposes of subsection (3)(b), theJudicial Commissioner must—

(a) apply the same principles as would be applied by a court on anapplication for judicial review, and

(b) consider the matter with a sufficient degree of care as to ensure that theJudicial Commissioner complies with the duties imposed by section 2(general duties in relation to privacy).

(5) Where a Judicial Commissioner refuses to approve a decision by the Secretaryof State to authorise the retention or (as the case may be) the retention andexamination of any material under subsection (3)(b), the JudicialCommissioner must give the Secretary of State written reasons for the decision.

(6) Where a Judicial Commissioner, other than the Investigatory PowersCommissioner, refuses to approve such a decision, the Secretary of State mayask the Investigatory Powers Commissioner to decide whether to approve thedecision.

(7) If, during the period specified by the Secretary of State under subsection (3)(b),the head of the intelligence service decides to apply for a warrant of a kindmentioned in subsection (2)(a)(i) or (ii), the head of the intelligence servicemust make the application as soon as reasonably practicable and before the endof the period specified by the Secretary of State.

(8) Where a class BPD warrant or a specific BPD warrant ceases to have effectbecause it expires without having been renewed or it is cancelled, anintelligence service is not to be regarded as in breach of section 200(1) or (2) byvirtue of its retention or examination of any material to which the warrantrelated during any of the following periods.

First periodThe period of 5 working days beginning with the day on which the warrantceases to have effect.

Second periodThe period beginning with the day on which the head of the intelligenceservice makes an application under subsection (2)(a) or (b) in relation to thematerial and ending with the determination of the application.

Third period

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The period during which the retention or examination of the material isauthorised under subsection (3)(b).

Fourth periodWhere authorisation under subsection (3)(b) is given and the head of theintelligence service subsequently makes, in accordance with subsection (7), anapplication for a specific BPD warrant or a class BPD warrant in relation to thematerial, the period (if any) beginning with the expiry of the authorisationunder subsection (3)(b) and ending with the determination of the applicationfor the warrant.

Further and supplementary provision

220 Initial examinations: time limits

(1) This section applies where—(a) an intelligence service obtains a set of information otherwise than in the

exercise of a power conferred by a warrant or other authorisationissued or given under this Act, and

(b) the head of the intelligence service believes that—(i) the set includes, or may include, personal data relating to a

number of individuals, and(ii) the nature of the set is, or may be, such that the majority of the

individuals are not, and are unlikely to become, of interest tothe intelligence service in the exercise of its functions.

(2) The head of the intelligence service must take the following steps before theend of the permitted period.

Step 1Carry out an initial examination of the set for the purpose of deciding whether,if the intelligence service were to retain it after that initial examination andhold it electronically for analysis for the purposes of the exercise of itsfunctions, the intelligence service would be retaining a bulk personal dataset(see section 199).

Step 2If the intelligence service would be retaining a bulk personal dataset asmentioned in step 1, decide whether to retain the set and hold it electronicallyfor analysis for the purposes of the exercise of the functions of the intelligenceservice.

Step 3If the head of the intelligence service decides to retain the set and hold itelectronically for analysis as mentioned in step 2, apply for a specific BPDwarrant as soon as reasonably practicable after making that decision (unlessthe retention of the dataset is authorised by a class BPD warrant).

(3) The permitted period begins when the head of the intelligence service firstforms the beliefs mentioned in subsection (1)(b).

(4) The permitted period ends—

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(a) where the set of information was created in the United Kingdom, 3months after the day on which it begins;

(b) where the set of information was created outside the United Kingdom,6 months after the day on which it begins.

(5) If the head of the intelligence service applies for a specific BPD warrant inaccordance with step 3 (set out in subsection (2))—

(a) the intelligence service is not to be regarded as in breach of section200(1) by virtue of retaining the bulk personal dataset during the periodbetween the taking of the decision mentioned in step 2 and thedetermination of the application for the specific BPD warrant, and

(b) the intelligence service is not to be regarded as in breach of section200(2) by virtue of examining the bulk personal dataset during thatperiod if the examination is necessary for the purposes of the making ofthe application for the warrant.

221 Safeguards relating to examination of bulk personal datasets

(1) The Secretary of State must ensure, in relation to every class BPD warrant orspecific BPD warrant which authorises examination of bulk personal datasetsof a class described in the warrant or (as the case may be) of a bulk personaldataset described in the warrant, that arrangements are in force for securingthat—

(a) any selection of data contained in the datasets (or dataset) forexamination is carried out only for the specified purposes (seesubsection (2)), and

(b) the selection of any such data for examination is necessary andproportionate in all the circumstances.

(2) The selection of data contained in bulk personal datasets for examination iscarried out only for the specified purposes if the data is selected forexamination only so far as is necessary for the operational purposes specifiedin the warrant in accordance with section 212.

(3) The Secretary of State must also ensure, in relation to every specific BPDwarrant which specifies conditions imposed under section 207, thatarrangements are in force for securing that any selection for examination ofprotected data on the basis of criteria which are referable to an individualknown to be in the British Islands at the time of the selection is in accordancewith the conditions specified in the warrant.

(4) In this section “specified in the warrant” means specified in the warrant at thetime of the selection of the data for examination.

222 Additional safeguards for items subject to legal privilege: examination

(1) Subsections (2) and (3) apply if, in a case where protected data retained inreliance on a specific BPD warrant is to be selected for examination—

(a) the purpose, or one of the purposes, of using the criteria to be used forthe selection of the data for examination (“the relevant criteria”) is toidentify any items subject to legal privilege, or

(b) the use of the relevant criteria is likely to identify such items.

(2) If the relevant criteria are referable to an individual known to be in the BritishIslands at the time of the selection, the data may be selected for examination

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using the relevant criteria only if the Secretary of State has approved the use ofthose criteria.

(3) In any other case, the data may be selected for examination using the relevantcriteria only if a senior official acting on behalf of the Secretary of State hasapproved the use of those criteria.

(4) The Secretary of State may give approval for the purposes of subsection (2)only with the approval of a Judicial Commissioner.

(5) Approval may be given under subsection (2) or (3) only if—(a) the Secretary of State or (as the case may be) the senior official considers

that the arrangements mentioned in section 205(6)(d) include specificarrangements in respect of items subject to legal privilege, and

(b) where subsection (1)(a) applies, the Secretary of State or (as the casemay be) the senior official considers that there are exceptional andcompelling circumstances that make it necessary to authorise the use ofthe relevant criteria.

(6) In deciding whether to give an approval under subsection (2) or (3) in a casewhere subsection (1)(a) applies, the Secretary of State or (as the case may be)the senior official must have regard to the public interest in the confidentialityof items subject to legal privilege.

(7) For the purposes of subsection (5)(b), there cannot be exceptional andcompelling circumstances that make it necessary to authorise the use of therelevant criteria unless—

(a) the public interest in obtaining the information that would be obtainedby the selection of the data for examination outweighs the publicinterest in the confidentiality of items subject to legal privilege,

(b) there are no other means by which the information may reasonably beobtained, and

(c) obtaining the information is necessary in the interests of nationalsecurity or for the purpose of preventing death or significant injury.

(8) In deciding whether to give approval for the purposes of subsection (4), theJudicial Commissioner must—

(a) apply the same principles as would be applied by a court on anapplication for judicial review, and

(b) consider the matter with a sufficient degree of care as to ensure that theJudicial Commissioner complies with the duties imposed by section 2(general duties in relation to privacy).

(9) Subsections (10) and (11) apply if, in a case where protected data retained inreliance on a specific BPD warrant is to be selected for examination—

(a) the purpose, or one of the purposes, of using the criteria to be used forthe selection of the data for examination (“the relevant criteria”) is toidentify data that, if the data or any underlying material were notcreated or held with the intention of furthering a criminal purpose,would be an item subject to legal privilege, and

(b) the person to whom the warrant is addressed considers that the data(“the targeted data”) or any underlying material is likely to be data orunderlying material created or held with the intention of furthering acriminal purpose.

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(10) If the relevant criteria are referable to an individual known to be in the BritishIslands at the time of the selection, the data may be selected for examinationusing the relevant criteria only if the Secretary of State has approved the use ofthose criteria.

(11) In any other case, the data may be selected for examination using the relevantcriteria only if a senior official acting on behalf of the Secretary of State hasapproved the use of those criteria.

(12) Approval may be given under subsection (10) or (11) only if the Secretary ofState or (as the case may be) the senior official considers that the targeted dataor the underlying material is likely to be data or underlying material created orheld with the intention of furthering a criminal purpose.

(13) In this section, “underlying material”, in relation to data retained in reliance ona specific BPD warrant, means any communications or other items ofinformation from which the data was produced.

223 Additional safeguards for items subject to legal privilege: retention following examination

(1) Where an item subject to legal privilege is retained following its examinationin reliance on a specific BPD warrant, for purposes other than the destructionof the item, the person to whom the warrant is addressed must inform theInvestigatory Powers Commissioner as soon as is reasonably practicable.

(2) Unless the Investigatory Powers Commissioner considers that subsection (4)applies to the item, the Commissioner must—

(a) direct that the item is destroyed, or(b) impose one or more conditions as to the use or retention of that item.

(3) If the Investigatory Powers Commissioner considers that subsection (4) appliesto the item, the Commissioner may nevertheless impose such conditions undersubsection (2)(b) as the Commissioner considers necessary for the purpose ofprotecting the public interest in the confidentiality of items subject to legalprivilege.

(4) This subsection applies to an item subject to legal privilege if—(a) the public interest in retaining the item outweighs the public interest in

the confidentiality of items subject to legal privilege, and(b) retaining the item is necessary in the interests of national security or for

the purpose of preventing death or significant injury.

(5) The Investigatory Powers Commissioner—(a) may require an affected party to make representations about how the

Commissioner should exercise any function under subsection (2), and(b) must have regard to any such representations made by an affected

party (whether or not as a result of a requirement imposed underparagraph (a)).

(6) Each of the following is an “affected party” for the purposes of subsection (5)—(a) the Secretary of State;(b) the person to whom the warrant is or was addressed.

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224 Offence of breaching safeguards relating to examination of material

(1) A person commits an offence if—(a) the person selects for examination any data contained in a bulk

personal dataset retained in reliance on a class BPD warrant or aspecific BPD warrant,

(b) the person knows or believes that the selection of that data is in breachof a requirement specified in subsection (2), and

(c) the person deliberately selects that data in breach of that requirement.

(2) The requirements specified in this subsection are that any selection forexamination of the data—

(a) is carried out only for the specified purposes (see subsection (3)),(b) is necessary and proportionate, and(c) if the data is protected data, satisfies any conditions imposed under

section 207.

(3) The selection for examination of the data is carried out only for the specifiedpurposes if the data is selected for examination only so far as is necessary forthe operational purposes specified in the warrant in accordance with section212.In this subsection, “specified in the warrant” means specified in the warrant atthe time of the selection of the data for examination.

(4) A person guilty of an offence under this section is liable—(a) on summary conviction in England and Wales—

(i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months (or 6months, if the offence was committed before thecommencement of section 154(1) of the Criminal Justice Act2003), or

(ii) to a fine,or to both;

(b) on summary conviction in Scotland— (i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months, or

(ii) to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum,or to both;

(c) on summary conviction in Northern Ireland— (i) to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 6 months, or

(ii) to a fine not exceeding the statutory maximum,or to both;

(d) on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding2 years or to a fine, or to both.

(5) No proceedings for any offence which is an offence by virtue of this sectionmay be instituted—

(a) in England and Wales, except by or with the consent of the Director ofPublic Prosecutions;

(b) in Northern Ireland, except by or with the consent of the Director ofPublic Prosecutions for Northern Ireland.

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225 Application of Part to bulk personal datasets obtained under this Act

(1) Subject to subsection (2), this section applies where a bulk personal dataset hasbeen obtained by an intelligence service under a warrant or other authorisationissued or given under this Act (and, accordingly, section 200(1) and (2) do notapply by virtue of section 201(1)).

(2) This section does not apply where the bulk personal dataset was obtained bythe intelligence service under a bulk acquisition warrant issued under Chapter2 of Part 6.

(3) Where this section applies, the Secretary of State may, on the application of thehead of the intelligence service, give a direction that—

(a) the intelligence service may retain, or retain and examine, the bulkpersonal dataset by virtue of the direction,

(b) any other power of the intelligence service to retain or examine the bulkpersonal dataset, and any associated regulatory provision, ceases toapply in relation to the bulk personal dataset (subject to subsection (5)),and

(c) section 201(1) also ceases to apply in relation to the bulk personaldataset.

(4) Accordingly, where a direction is given under subsection (3), the intelligenceservice may exercise its power by virtue of the direction to retain, or to retainand examine, the bulk personal dataset only if authorised to do so by a classBPD warrant or a specific BPD warrant under this Part.

(5) A direction under subsection (3) may provide for any associated regulatoryprovision specified in the direction to continue to apply in relation to the bulkpersonal dataset, with or without modifications specified in the direction.

(6) The power conferred by subsection (5) must be exercised to ensure that—(a) where section 56 and Schedule 3 applied in relation to the bulk personal

dataset immediately before the giving of the direction, they continue toapply in relation to it (without modification);

(b) where sections 57 to 59 applied in relation to the bulk personal datasetimmediately before the giving of the direction, they continue to applyin relation to it with the modification that the reference in section58(7)(a) to the provisions of Part 2 is to be read as including a referenceto the provisions of this Part.

(7) The Secretary of State may only give a direction under subsection (3) with theapproval of a Judicial Commissioner.

(8) In deciding whether to give approval for the purposes of subsection (7), theJudicial Commissioner must apply the same principles as would be applied bya court on an application for judicial review.

(9) Where a Judicial Commissioner refuses to approve a decision by the Secretaryof State to give a direction under subsection (3), the Judicial Commissionermust give the Secretary of State written reasons for the decision.

(10) Where a Judicial Commissioner, other than the Investigatory PowersCommissioner, refuses to approve such a decision, the Secretary of State mayask the Investigatory Powers Commissioner to decide whether to approve thedecision.

(11) A direction under subsection (3)—

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(a) may not be revoked;(b) may be varied but only for the purpose of altering or removing any

provision included in the direction under subsection (5).

(12) Subsections (7) to (10) apply in relation to the variation of a direction undersubsection (3) as they apply in relation to the giving of a direction under thatsubsection.

(13) The head of an intelligence service may, at the same time as applying for adirection under subsection (3), apply for a specific BPD warrant under section205 (and the Secretary of State may issue such a warrant at the same time asgiving the direction).

(14) In this section, “associated regulatory provision”, in relation to a power of anintelligence service to retain or examine a bulk personal dataset, means anyprovision which—

(a) is made by or for the purposes of this Act (other than this Part), and(b) applied in relation to the retention, examination, disclosure or other use

of the bulk personal dataset immediately before the giving of adirection under subsection (3).

226 Part 7: interpretation

(1) In this Part—“class BPD warrant” has the meaning given by section 200(3)(a);“personal data” has the meaning given by section 199(2);“senior official” means a member of the Senior Civil Service or a member

of the Senior Management Structure of Her Majesty’s DiplomaticService;

“specific BPD warrant” has the meaning given by section 200(3)(b);“the specified operational purposes” has the meaning given by section

212(12).

(2) See also—section 263 (general definitions),section 265 (index of defined expressions).

PART 8

OVERSIGHT ARRANGEMENTS

CHAPTER 1

INVESTIGATORY POWERS COMMISSIONER AND OTHER JUDICIAL COMMISSIONERS

The Commissioners

227 Investigatory Powers Commissioner and other Judicial Commissioners

(1) The Prime Minister must appoint—(a) the Investigatory Powers Commissioner, and

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(b) such number of other Judicial Commissioners as the Prime Ministerconsiders necessary for the carrying out of the functions of the JudicialCommissioners.

(2) A person is not to be appointed as the Investigatory Powers Commissioner oranother Judicial Commissioner unless the person holds or has held a highjudicial office (within the meaning of Part 3 of the Constitutional Reform Act2005).

(3) A person is not to be appointed as the Investigatory Powers Commissionerunless recommended jointly by—

(a) the Lord Chancellor,(b) the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales,(c) the Lord President of the Court of Session, and(d) the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland.

(4) A person is not to be appointed as a Judicial Commissioner under subsection(1)(b) unless recommended jointly by—

(a) the Lord Chancellor,(b) the Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales,(c) the Lord President of the Court of Session,(d) the Lord Chief Justice of Northern Ireland, and(e) the Investigatory Powers Commissioner.

(5) Before appointing any person under subsection (1), the Prime Minister mustconsult the Scottish Ministers.

(6) The Prime Minister must have regard to a memorandum of understandingagreed between the Prime Minister and the Scottish Ministers when exercisingfunctions under subsection (1) or (5).

(7) The Investigatory Powers Commissioner is a Judicial Commissioner and theInvestigatory Powers Commissioner and the other Judicial Commissioners areto be known, collectively, as the Judicial Commissioners.

(8) The Investigatory Powers Commissioner may, to such extent as theInvestigatory Powers Commissioner may decide, delegate the exercise offunctions of the Investigatory Powers Commissioner to any other JudicialCommissioner.

(9) Subsection (8) does not apply to the function of the Investigatory PowersCommissioner of making a recommendation under subsection (4)(e) or makingan appointment under section 247(1).

(10) The delegation under subsection (8) to any extent of functions by theInvestigatory Powers Commissioner does not prevent the exercise of thefunctions to that extent by that Commissioner.

(11) Any function exercisable by a Judicial Commissioner or any description ofJudicial Commissioners is exercisable by any of the Judicial Commissioners or(as the case may be) any of the Judicial Commissioners of that description.

(12) Subsection (11) does not apply to—(a) any function conferred on the Investigatory Powers Commissioner by

name (except so far as its exercise by any of the Judicial Commissionersor any description of Judicial Commissioners is permitted by adelegation under subsection (8)), or

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(b) any function conferred on, or delegated under subsection (8) to, anyother particular named Judicial Commissioner.

(13) References in any enactment—(a) to a Judicial Commissioner are to be read as including the Investigatory

Powers Commissioner, and(b) to the Investigatory Powers Commissioner are to be read, so far as

necessary for the purposes of subsection (8), as references to theInvestigatory Powers Commissioner or any other JudicialCommissioner.

228 Terms and conditions of appointment

(1) Subject as follows, each Judicial Commissioner holds and vacates office inaccordance with the Commissioner’s terms and conditions of appointment.

(2) Each Judicial Commissioner is to be appointed for a term of three years.

(3) A person who ceases to be a Judicial Commissioner (otherwise than undersubsection (5)) may be re-appointed under section 227(1).

(4) A Judicial Commissioner may not, subject to subsection (5), be removed fromoffice before the end of the term for which the Commissioner is appointedunless a resolution approving the removal has been passed by each House ofParliament.

(5) A Judicial Commissioner may be removed from office by the Prime Minister if,after the appointment of the Commissioner—

(a) a bankruptcy order is made against the Commissioner or theCommissioner’s estate is sequestrated or the Commissioner makes acomposition or arrangement with, or grants a trust deed for, theCommissioner’s creditors,

(b) any of the following orders is made against the Commissioner—(i) a disqualification order under the Company Directors

Disqualification Act 1986 or the Company DirectorsDisqualification (Northern Ireland) Order 2002,

(ii) an order under section 429(2)(b) of the Insolvency Act 1986(failure to pay under county court administration order),

(iii) an order under section 429(2) of the Insolvency Act 1986(disabilities on revocation of county court administrationorder),

(c) the Commissioner’s disqualification undertaking is accepted undersection 7 or 8 of the Company Directors Disqualification Act 1986 orunder the Company Directors Disqualification (Northern Ireland)Order 2002, or

(d) the Commissioner is convicted in the United Kingdom, the ChannelIslands or the Isle of Man of an offence and receives a sentence ofimprisonment (whether suspended or not).

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Main functions of Commissioners

229 Main oversight functions

(1) The Investigatory Powers Commissioner must keep under review (includingby way of audit, inspection and investigation) the exercise by publicauthorities of statutory functions relating to—

(a) the interception of communications,(b) the acquisition or retention of communications data,(c) the acquisition of secondary data or related systems data under

Chapter 1 of Part 2 or Chapter 1 of Part 6, or(d) equipment interference.

(2) Such statutory functions include, in particular, functions relating to thedisclosure, retention or other use of—

(a) any content of communications intercepted by an interceptionauthorised or required by a warrant under Chapter 1 of Part 2 orChapter 1 of Part 6,

(b) acquired or retained communications data,(c) data acquired as mentioned in subsection (1)(c), or(d) communications, equipment data or other information acquired by

means of equipment interference.

(3) The Investigatory Powers Commissioner must keep under review (includingby way of audit, inspection and investigation)—

(a) the acquisition, retention, use or disclosure of bulk personal datasets byan intelligence service,

(b) the giving and operation of notices under section 252 (national securitynotices),

(c) the exercise of functions by virtue of section 80 of the Serious Crime Act2015 (prevention or restriction of use of communication devices byprisoners etc.),

(d) the exercise of functions by virtue of sections 1 to 4 of the Prisons(Interference with Wireless Telegraphy) Act 2012,

(e) the exercise of functions by virtue of Part 2 or 3 of the Regulation ofInvestigatory Powers Act 2000 (surveillance, covert human intelligencesources and investigation of electronic data protected by encryptionetc.),

(f) the adequacy of the arrangements by virtue of which the dutiesimposed by section 55 of that Act are sought to be discharged,

(g) the exercise of functions by virtue of the Regulation of InvestigatoryPowers (Scotland) Act 2000 (2000 asp 11) (surveillance and coverthuman intelligence sources),

(h) the exercise of functions under Part 3 of the Police Act 1997(authorisation of action in respect of property),

(i) the exercise by the Secretary of State of functions under sections 5 to 7of the Intelligence Services Act 1994 (warrants for interference withwireless telegraphy, entry and interference with property etc.), and

(j) the exercise by the Scottish Ministers (by virtue of provision madeunder section 63 of the Scotland Act 1998) of functions under sections 5and 6(3) and (4) of the Act of 1994.

(4) But the Investigatory Powers Commissioner is not to keep under review—

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(a) the exercise of any function of a relevant Minister to make subordinatelegislation,

(b) the exercise of any function by a judicial authority,(c) the exercise of any function by virtue of Part 3 of the Regulation of

Investigatory Powers Act 2000 which is exercisable with the permissionof a judicial authority,

(d) the exercise of any function which—(i) is for the purpose of obtaining information or taking possession

of any document or other property in connection withcommunications stored in or by a telecommunication system, or

(ii) is carried out in accordance with an order made by a judicialauthority for that purpose,

and is not exercisable by virtue of this Act, the Regulation ofInvestigatory Powers Act 2000, the Regulation of Investigatory Powers(Scotland) Act 2000 or an enactment mentioned in subsection (3)(c), (h),(i) or (j) above,

(e) the exercise of any function where the conduct concerned is—(i) conduct authorised by section 45, 47 or 50, or

(ii) conduct authorised by section 46 which is not conduct by or onbehalf of an intercepting authority (within the meaning givenby section 18(1)), or

(f) the exercise of any function which is subject to review by theInformation Commissioner or the Investigatory Powers Commissionerfor Northern Ireland.

(5) In keeping matters under review in accordance with this section, theInvestigatory Powers Commissioner must, in particular, keep under reviewthe operation of safeguards to protect privacy.

(6) In exercising functions under this Act, a Judicial Commissioner must not act ina way which the Commissioner considers to be contrary to the public interestor prejudicial to—

(a) national security,(b) the prevention or detection of serious crime, or(c) the economic well-being of the United Kingdom.

(7) A Judicial Commissioner must, in particular, ensure that the Commissionerdoes not—

(a) jeopardise the success of an intelligence or security operation or a lawenforcement operation,

(b) compromise the safety or security of those involved, or(c) unduly impede the operational effectiveness of an intelligence service,

a police force, a government department or Her Majesty’s forces.

(8) Subsections (6) and (7) do not apply in relation to any of the followingfunctions of a Judicial Commissioner—

(a) deciding—(i) whether to serve, vary or cancel a monetary penalty notice

under section 7 or paragraph 16 of Schedule 1, a notice of intentunder paragraph 4 of that Schedule or an information noticeunder Part 2 of that Schedule, or

(ii) the contents of any such notice,

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(b) deciding whether to approve the issue, modification or renewal of awarrant,

(c) deciding whether to direct the destruction of material or how otherwiseto deal with the situation where—

(i) a warrant issued, or modification made, for what wasconsidered to be an urgent need is not approved, or

(ii) an item subject to legal privilege is retained, following itsexamination, for purposes other than the destruction of theitem,

(d) deciding whether to—(i) approve the grant, modification or renewal of an authorisation,

or(ii) quash or cancel an authorisation or renewal,

(e) deciding whether to approve—(i) the giving or varying of a retention notice under Part 4 or a

notice under section 252 or 253, or(ii) the giving of a notice under section 90(10)(b) or 257(9)(b),

(f) participating in a review under section 90 or 257,(g) deciding whether to approve an authorisation under section 219(3)(b),(h) deciding whether to give approval under section 222(4),(i) deciding whether to approve the giving or varying of a direction under

section 225(3),(j) making a decision under section 231(1),

(k) deciding whether to order the destruction of records under section 103of the Police Act 1997, section 37 of the Regulation of InvestigatoryPowers Act 2000 or section 15 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers(Scotland) Act 2000,

(l) deciding whether to make an order under section 103(6) of the PoliceAct 1997 (order enabling the taking of action to retrieve anything left onproperty in pursuance of an authorisation),

(m) deciding—(i) an appeal against, or a review of, a decision by another Judicial

Commissioner, and(ii) any action to take as a result.

(9) In this section—“bulk personal dataset” is to be read in accordance with section 199,“equipment data” has the same meaning as in Part 5 (see section 100),“judicial authority” means a judge, court or tribunal or any person

exercising the functions of a judge, court or tribunal (but does notinclude a Judicial Commissioner),

“police force” has the same meaning as in Part 2 (see section 60(1)),“related systems data” has the meaning given by section 15(6),“relevant Minister” means a Minister of the Crown or government

department, the Scottish Ministers, the Welsh Ministers or a NorthernIreland department,

“secondary data” has the same meaning as in Part 2 (see section 16).

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230 Additional directed oversight functions

(1) So far as directed to do so by the Prime Minister and subject to subsection (2),the Investigatory Powers Commissioner must keep under review the carryingout of any aspect of the functions of—

(a) an intelligence service,(b) a head of an intelligence service, or(c) any part of Her Majesty’s forces, or of the Ministry of Defence, so far as

engaging in intelligence activities.

(2) Subsection (1) does not apply in relation to anything which is required to bekept under review by the Investigatory Powers Commissioner under section229.

(3) The Prime Minister may give a direction under this section at the request of theInvestigatory Powers Commissioner or the Intelligence and SecurityCommittee of Parliament or otherwise.

(4) The Prime Minister must publish, in a manner which the Prime Ministerconsiders appropriate, any direction under this section (and any revocation ofsuch a direction) except so far as it appears to the Prime Minister that suchpublication would be contrary to the public interest or prejudicial to—

(a) national security,(b) the prevention or detection of serious crime,(c) the economic well-being of the United Kingdom, or(d) the continued discharge of the functions of any public authority whose

activities include activities that are subject to review by theInvestigatory Powers Commissioner.

231 Error reporting

(1) The Investigatory Powers Commissioner must inform a person of any relevanterror relating to that person of which the Commissioner is aware if theCommissioner considers that—

(a) the error is a serious error, and(b) it is in the public interest for the person to be informed of the error.

(2) In making a decision under subsection (1)(a), the Investigatory PowersCommissioner may not decide that an error is a serious error unless theCommissioner considers that the error has caused significant prejudice orharm to the person concerned.

(3) Accordingly, the fact that there has been a breach of a person’s Conventionrights (within the meaning of the Human Rights Act 1998) is not sufficient byitself for an error to be a serious error.

(4) In making a decision under subsection (1)(b), the Investigatory PowersCommissioner must, in particular, consider—

(a) the seriousness of the error and its effect on the person concerned, and(b) the extent to which disclosing the error would be contrary to the public

interest or prejudicial to—(i) national security,

(ii) the prevention or detection of serious crime,(iii) the economic well-being of the United Kingdom, or

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(iv) the continued discharge of the functions of any of theintelligence services.

(5) Before making a decision under subsection (1)(a) or (b), the InvestigatoryPowers Commissioner must ask the public authority which has made the errorto make submissions to the Commissioner about the matters concerned.

(6) When informing a person under subsection (1) of an error, the InvestigatoryPowers Commissioner must—

(a) inform the person of any rights that the person may have to apply to theInvestigatory Powers Tribunal, and

(b) provide such details of the error as the Commissioner considers to benecessary for the exercise of those rights, having regard in particular tothe extent to which disclosing the details would be contrary to thepublic interest or prejudicial to anything falling within subsection(4)(b)(i) to (iv).

(7) The Investigatory Powers Commissioner may not inform the person to whomit relates of a relevant error except as provided by this section.

(8) A report under section 234(1) must include information about—(a) the number of relevant errors of which the Investigatory Powers

Commissioner has become aware during the year to which the reportrelates,

(b) the number of relevant errors which the Commissioner has decidedduring that year were serious errors, and

(c) the number of persons informed under subsection (1) during that year.

(9) In this section “relevant error” means an error—(a) by a public authority in complying with any requirements which are

imposed on it by virtue of this Act or any other enactment and whichare subject to review by a Judicial Commissioner, and

(b) of a description identified for this purpose in a code of practice underSchedule 7,

and the Investigatory Powers Commissioner must keep under review thedefinition of “relevant error”.

232 Additional functions under this Part

(1) A Judicial Commissioner must give the Investigatory Powers Tribunal all suchdocuments, information and other assistance (including the Commissioner’sopinion as to any issue falling to be determined by the Tribunal) as the Tribunalmay require—

(a) in connection with the investigation of any matter by the Tribunal, or(b) otherwise for the purposes of the Tribunal’s consideration or

determination of any matter.

(2) A Judicial Commissioner may provide advice or information to any publicauthority or other person in relation to matters for which a JudicialCommissioner is responsible.

(3) But a Judicial Commissioner must consult the Secretary of State beforeproviding any advice or information under subsection (2) if it appears to theCommissioner that providing the advice or information might be contrary tothe public interest or prejudicial to—

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(a) national security,(b) the prevention or detection of serious crime,(c) the economic well-being of the United Kingdom, or(d) the continued discharge of the functions of any public authority whose

activities include activities that are subject to review by theInvestigatory Powers Commissioner.

(4) In addition to consulting the Secretary of State under subsection (3), theJudicial Commissioner must also consult the Scottish Ministers if it appears tothe Commissioner that providing the advice or information might beprejudicial to—

(a) the prevention or detection of serious crime by a Scottish publicauthority, or

(b) the continued discharge of any devolved functions of a Scottish publicauthority whose activities include activities that are subject to reviewby the Investigatory Powers Commissioner.

(5) In subsection (4)—“devolved function” means a function that does not relate to reserved

matters (within the meaning of the Scotland Act 1998), and“Scottish public authority” has the same meaning as in the Scotland Act

1998.

(6) Subsections (3) and (4) do not apply to any advice or information providedunder subsection (2) to the Investigatory Powers Tribunal.

233 Functions under other Parts and other enactments

(1) The Investigatory Powers Commissioner and the other JudicialCommissioners have the functions that are exercisable by them by virtue of anyother Part of this Act or by virtue of any other enactment.

(2) In Part 3 of the Police Act 1997 (authorisations of action in respect of property:approval by Commissioners)—

(a) in sections 96(1), 103(7)(b) and (8), 104(3) to (8) and 105(1) and (2) for“Chief Commissioner” substitute “Investigatory PowersCommissioner”,

(b) in sections 96(1), 97(1)(a) and 103(1), (2), (4) and (5)(b) for “aCommissioner appointed under section 91(1)(b)” substitute “a JudicialCommissioner”,

(c) in sections 96(4), 97(4) and (6) and 103(3) and (6) for “a Commissioner”substitute “a Judicial Commissioner”,

(d) in section 103(7) for “a Commissioner” substitute “a JudicialCommissioner (other than the Investigatory Powers Commissioner)”,

(e) in section 104(1) for “Chief Commissioner” substitute “InvestigatoryPowers Commissioner (except where the original decision was madeby that Commissioner)”,

(f) in section 104(3) and (8)(a) for “the Commissioner” substitute “theJudicial Commissioner concerned”,

(g) in section 105(1)(a)(ii) and (b)(ii) for “the Commissioner” substitute “theJudicial Commissioner”, and

(h) in sections 97(5) and 103(9) for “A Commissioner” substitute “A JudicialCommissioner”.

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(3) In Part 2 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (surveillance andcovert human intelligence sources: approval by Commissioners)—

(a) in sections 35(1) and (4), 36(2)(a) and (5) and 37(2) to (6) and (8) for “anordinary Surveillance Commissioner”, wherever it appears, substitute“a Judicial Commissioner”,

(b) in sections 35(2)(b), 36(6)(g), 37(9)(b), 38(1) and (4) to (6) and 39(1), (2)and (4) and in the heading of section 39 for “Chief SurveillanceCommissioner”, wherever it appears, substitute “Investigatory PowersCommissioner”,

(c) in sections 35(3)(a) and 36(4)(a) and (b) for “SurveillanceCommissioner” substitute “Judicial Commissioner”,

(d) in section 37(8)(b) for “Chief Surveillance Commissioner” substitute“Investigatory Powers Commissioner (if he is not that Commissioner)”,

(e) in section 38(1)(a) for “an ordinary Surveillance Commissioner”substitute “a Judicial Commissioner (other than the InvestigatoryPowers Commissioner)”,

(f) in sections 38(5)(b) and 39(1)(b) for “ordinary SurveillanceCommissioner” substitute “Judicial Commissioner”, and

(g) in the heading of section 38 for “Surveillance Commissioners”substitute “Judicial Commissioners”.

(4) In Part 3 of the Act of 2000 (investigation of electronic data protected byencryption etc.)—

(a) in section 51(6) (notification to Intelligence Services Commissioner orChief Surveillance Commissioner of certain directions relating to thedisclosure of a key to protected information) for the words from “doneso” to the end substitute “done so to the Investigatory PowersCommissioner”,

(b) in section 54(9) (tipping-off: protected disclosures to a relevantCommissioner) for “relevant Commissioner” substitute “JudicialCommissioner”,

(c) in section 55(7) (court to have regard to opinion of a relevantCommissioner in certain circumstances relating to a disclosed key) for“relevant Commissioner” substitute “Judicial Commissioner or theInvestigatory Powers Commissioner for Northern Ireland”, and

(d) omit sections 54(11) and 55(8) (definitions of “relevant Commissioner”).

(5) In the Regulation of Investigatory Powers (Scotland) Act 2000 (2000 asp 11)(surveillance and covert human intelligence sources: approval byCommissioners and review by the Chief Commissioner)—

(a) in sections 13(1) and (4), 14(1)(a) and (4) and 15(1) to (5) and (7) for “anordinary Surveillance Commissioner”, wherever it appears, substitute“a Judicial Commissioner”,

(b) in sections 13(2)(b), 15(8)(b), 16(1) and (4) to (6) and 17 and in theheading of section 17 for “Chief Surveillance Commissioner”, whereverit appears, substitute “Investigatory Powers Commissioner”,

(c) in sections 13(3)(a) and 14(3)(a) and (b) for “SurveillanceCommissioner” substitute “Judicial Commissioner”,

(d) in section 15(7)(b) for “Chief Surveillance Commissioner” substitute“Investigatory Powers Commissioner (if the Commissioner is not thatCommissioner)”,

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(e) in section 16(1)(a) for “an ordinary Surveillance Commissioner”substitute “a Judicial Commissioner (other than the InvestigatoryPowers Commissioner)”,

(f) in sections 16(5)(b) and 17(1)(b) for “ordinary SurveillanceCommissioner” substitute “Judicial Commissioner”, and

(g) in section 16(5) for “ordinary Surveillance Commissioner’s” substitute“Judicial Commissioner’s”.

(6) In Part 2 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers (Covert Human IntelligenceSources: Relevant Sources) Order 2013 (S.I. 2013/2788) (notification of certainauthorisations to, and approval of certain authorisations by, ordinarySurveillance Commissioner)—

(a) in article 4(1), for “an ordinary Surveillance Commissioner” substitute“a Judicial Commissioner”,

(b) in article 5(8) and the heading of Part 2, for “ordinary SurveillanceCommissioner” substitute “Judicial Commissioner”,

(c) in article 6(1) and (3) for “Chief Surveillance Commissioner” substitute“Investigatory Powers Commissioner”,

(d) in article 6(1) for “an ordinary Surveillance Commissioner” substitute“a Judicial Commissioner (other than the Investigatory PowersCommissioner)”, and

(e) in the heading of article 6 for “Surveillance Commissioners” substitute“Judicial Commissioners”.

Reports and investigation and information powers

234 Annual and other reports

(1) The Investigatory Powers Commissioner must, as soon as reasonablypracticable after the end of each calendar year, make a report to the PrimeMinister about the carrying out of the functions of the Judicial Commissioners.

(2) A report under subsection (1) must, in particular, include—(a) statistics on the use of the investigatory powers which are subject to

review by the Investigatory Powers Commissioner (including thenumber of warrants or authorisations issued, given, considered orapproved during the year),

(b) information about the results of such use (including its impact),(c) information about the operation of the safeguards conferred by this Act

in relation to items subject to legal privilege, confidential journalisticmaterial and sources of journalistic information,

(d) information about the following kinds of warrants issued, consideredor approved during the year—

(i) targeted interception warrants or targeted examinationwarrants of the kind referred to in section 17(2),

(ii) targeted equipment interference warrants relating to matterswithin paragraph (b), (c), (e), (f), (g) or (h) of section 101(1), and

(iii) targeted examination warrants under Part 5 relating to matterswithin any of paragraphs (b) to (e) of section 101(2),

(e) information about the operational purposes specified during the yearin warrants issued under Part 6 or 7,

(f) the information on errors required by virtue of section 231(8),

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(g) information about the work of the Technology Advisory Panel,(h) information about the funding, staffing and other resources of the

Judicial Commissioners, and(i) details of public engagements undertaken by the Judicial

Commissioners or their staff.

(3) The Investigatory Powers Commissioner must, at any time, make any report tothe Prime Minister which has been requested by the Prime Minister.

(4) The Investigatory Powers Commissioner may, at any time, make any suchreport to the Prime Minister, on any matter relating to the functions of theJudicial Commissioners, as the Investigatory Powers Commissioner considersappropriate.

(5) A report under subsection (1) or (4) may, in particular, include suchrecommendations as the Investigatory Powers Commissioner considersappropriate about any matter relating to the functions of the JudicialCommissioners.

(6) On receiving a report from the Investigatory Powers Commissioner undersubsection (1), the Prime Minister must—

(a) publish the report, and(b) lay a copy of the published report before Parliament together with a

statement as to whether any part of the report has been excluded frompublication under subsection (7).

(7) The Prime Minister may, after consultation with the Investigatory PowersCommissioner and (so far as the report relates to functions under Part 3 of thePolice Act 1997) the Scottish Ministers, exclude from publication any part of areport under subsection (1) if, in the opinion of the Prime Minister, thepublication of that part would be contrary to the public interest or prejudicialto—

(a) national security,(b) the prevention or detection of serious crime,(c) the economic well-being of the United Kingdom, or(d) the continued discharge of the functions of any public authority whose

activities include activities that are subject to review by theInvestigatory Powers Commissioner.

(8) The Prime Minister must send a copy of every report and statement as laidbefore Parliament under subsection (6)(b) to the Scottish Ministers and theScottish Ministers must lay the copy report and statement before the ScottishParliament.

(9) The Investigatory Powers Commissioner may publish any report undersubsection (3) or (4), or any part of such a report, if requested to do so by thePrime Minister.

(10) Subsection (11) applies if the Prime Minister receives a report from theInvestigatory Powers Commissioner under subsection (1) or (4) which relatesto an investigation, inspection or audit carried out by the Commissionerfollowing a decision to do so of which the Intelligence and Security Committeeof Parliament was informed under section 236(2).

(11) The Prime Minister must send to the Intelligence and Security Committee ofParliament a copy of the report so far as it relates to—

(a) the investigation, inspection or audit concerned, and

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(b) the functions of the Committee falling within section 2 of the Justiceand Security Act 2013.

235 Investigation and information powers

(1) A Judicial Commissioner may carry out such investigations, inspections andaudits as the Commissioner considers appropriate for the purposes of theCommissioner’s functions.

(2) Every relevant person must disclose or provide to a Judicial Commissioner allsuch documents and information as the Commissioner may require for thepurposes of the Commissioner’s functions.

(3) Every relevant person must provide a Judicial Commissioner with suchassistance as the Commissioner may require in carrying out any investigation,inspection or audit for the purposes of the Commissioner’s functions.

(4) Assistance under subsection (3) may, in particular, include such access toapparatus, systems or other facilities or services as the Judicial Commissionerconcerned may require in carrying out any investigation, inspection or auditfor the purposes of the Commissioner’s functions.

(5) A public authority may report to the Investigatory Powers Commissioner anyrefusal by a telecommunications operator or postal operator to comply withany requirements imposed by virtue of this Act.

(6) A public authority, telecommunications operator or postal operator mustreport to the Investigatory Powers Commissioner any relevant error (withinthe meaning given by section 231(9)) of which it is aware.

(7) In this section “relevant person” means—(a) any person who holds, or has held, an office, rank or position with a

public authority,(b) any telecommunications operator or postal operator who is, has been or

may become subject to a requirement imposed by virtue of this Act,(c) any person who is, has been or may become subject to a requirement to

provide assistance by virtue of section 41, 43, 126, 128, 149, 168, 170 or190, or

(d) any person to whom a notice is given under section 49 of the Regulationof Investigatory Powers Act 2000.

236 Referrals by the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament

(1) Subsection (2) applies if the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliamentrefers a matter to the Investigatory Powers Commissioner with a view to theCommissioner carrying out an investigation, inspection or audit into it.

(2) The Investigatory Powers Commissioner must inform the Intelligence andSecurity Committee of Parliament of the Commissioner’s decision as towhether to carry out the investigation, inspection or audit.

237 Information gateway

(1) A disclosure of information to the Investigatory Powers Commissioner oranother Judicial Commissioner for the purposes of any function of theCommissioner does not breach—

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(a) an obligation of confidence owed by the person making the disclosure,or

(b) any other restriction on the disclosure of information (whetherimposed by virtue of this Act or otherwise).

(2) But subsection (1) does not apply to a disclosure, in contravention of anyprovisions of the Data Protection Act 1998, of personal data which is notexempt from those provisions.

Supplementary provision

238 Funding, staff and facilities etc.

(1) There is to be paid to the Judicial Commissioners out of money provided byParliament such remuneration and allowances as the Treasury may determine.

(2) The Secretary of State must, after consultation with the Investigatory PowersCommissioner and subject to the approval of the Treasury as to numbers ofstaff, provide the Judicial Commissioners with—

(a) such staff, and(b) such accommodation, equipment and other facilities and services,

as the Secretary of State considers necessary for the carrying out of theCommissioners’ functions.

(3) The Scottish Ministers may pay to the Judicial Commissioners such allowancesas the Scottish Ministers consider appropriate in respect of the exercise by theCommissioners of functions which relate to the exercise by Scottish publicauthorities of devolved functions.

(4) In subsection (3)—“devolved function” means a function that does not relate to reserved

matters (within the meaning of the Scotland Act 1998), and“Scottish public authority” has the same meaning as in the Scotland Act

1998.

(5) The Investigatory Powers Commissioner or any other Judicial Commissionermay, to such extent as the Commissioner concerned may decide, delegate theexercise of functions of that Commissioner to any member of staff of theJudicial Commissioners or any other person acting on behalf of theCommissioners.

(6) Subsection (5) does not apply to—(a) the function of the Investigatory Powers Commissioner of making a

recommendation under section 227(4)(e) or making an appointmentunder section 247(1),

(b) any function which falls within section 229(8), or(c) any function under section 58(4) or 133(3) of authorising a disclosure,

but, subject to this and the terms of the delegation, does include functionswhich have been delegated to a Judicial Commissioner by the InvestigatoryPowers Commissioner.

(7) The delegation under subsection (5) to any extent of functions by theInvestigatory Powers Commissioner or any other Judicial Commissioner doesnot prevent the exercise of the functions to that extent by the Commissionerconcerned.

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239 Power to modify functions

(1) The Secretary of State may by regulations modify the functions of theInvestigatory Powers Commissioner or any other Judicial Commissioner.

(2) But such regulations may not modify any function conferred by virtue of thisAct on a Judicial Commissioner to approve, quash or cancel—

(a) an authorisation or warrant, or(b) the variation or renewal of an authorisation or warrant.

(3) The power to make regulations under this section (including that power asextended by section 267(1)(c)) may, in particular, be exercised by modifyingany provision made by or under an enactment (including this Act).

240 Abolition of existing oversight bodies

(1) The offices of the following are abolished—(a) the Interception of Communications Commissioner,(b) the Intelligence Services Commissioner,(c) the Chief Surveillance Commissioner,(d) the other Surveillance Commissioners,(e) the Scottish Chief Surveillance Commissioner, and(f) the other Scottish Surveillance Commissioners.

(2) Accordingly, the following enactments are repealed—(a) sections 57 and 58 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000

(the Interception of Communications Commissioner),(b) sections 59, 59A and 60 of that Act (the Intelligence Services

Commissioner),(c) sections 62 and 63 of that Act and sections 91 and 107 of the Police Act

1997 (the Surveillance Commissioners), and(d) sections 2(1) to (9), 3 and 4 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers

(Scotland) Act 2000 (2000 asp 11) (the Scottish SurveillanceCommissioners).

(3) The Secretary of State may by regulations, with the consent of the NorthernIreland Assembly, provide for the abolition of the office of the InvestigatoryPowers Commissioner for Northern Ireland.

(4) The power to make regulations under subsection (3) (including that power asextended by section 267(1)(c)) may, in particular, be exercised by modifyingany provision made by or under an enactment (including this Act).

(5) Regulations made by virtue of subsection (4) may, in particular, repeal—(a) section 61 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (the

Investigatory Powers Commissioner for Northern Ireland), and(b) the words “or the Investigatory Powers Commissioner for Northern

Ireland” in section 229(4)(f) of this Act.

(6) In this section—“the Chief Surveillance Commissioner” means the Chief Commissioner

appointed under section 91(1)(a) of the Police Act 1997,“the other Scottish Surveillance Commissioners” means—

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(a) the Surveillance Commissioners appointed under section2(1)(b) of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers (Scotland) Act2000, and

(b) the Assistant Surveillance Commissioners appointed undersection 3 of that Act,

“the other Surveillance Commissioners” means—(a) the Commissioners appointed under section 91(1)(b) of the

Police Act 1997, and(b) the Assistant Surveillance Commissioners appointed under

section 63(1) of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act2000,

“the Scottish Chief Surveillance Commissioner” means the ChiefSurveillance Commissioner appointed under section 2(1)(a) of theRegulation of Investigatory Powers (Scotland) Act 2000.

CHAPTER 2

OTHER ARRANGEMENTS

Codes of practice

241 Codes of practice

Schedule 7 (codes of practice) has effect.

Investigatory Powers Tribunal

242 Right of appeal from Tribunal

(1) After section 67 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 insert—

“67A Appeals from the Tribunal

(1) A relevant person may appeal on a point of law against anydetermination of the Tribunal of a kind mentioned in section 68(4) orany decision of the Tribunal of a kind mentioned in section 68(4C).

(2) Before making a determination or decision which might be the subjectof an appeal under this section, the Tribunal must specify the courtwhich is to have jurisdiction to hear the appeal (the “relevant appellatecourt”).

(3) This court is whichever of the following courts appears to the Tribunalto be the most appropriate—

(a) the Court of Appeal in England and Wales,(b) the Court of Session.

(4) The Secretary of State may by regulations, with the consent of theNorthern Ireland Assembly, amend subsection (3) so as to add theCourt of Appeal in Northern Ireland to the list of courts mentionedthere.

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(5) The Secretary of State may by regulations specify criteria to be appliedby the Tribunal in making decisions under subsection (2) as to theidentity of the relevant appellate court.

(6) An appeal under this section—(a) is to be heard by the relevant appellate court, but(b) may not be made without the leave of the Tribunal or, if that is

refused, of the relevant appellate court.

(7) The Tribunal or relevant appellate court must not grant leave to appealunless it considers that—

(a) the appeal would raise an important point of principle orpractice, or

(b) there is another compelling reason for granting leave.

(8) In this section—“relevant appellate court” has the meaning given by subsection

(2),“relevant person”, in relation to any proceedings, complaint or

reference, means the complainant or—(a) in the case of proceedings, the respondent,(b) in the case of a complaint, the person complained

against, and(c) in the case of a reference, any public authority to whom

the reference relates.”

(2) In section 67 of that Act (no appeal from the Investigatory Powers Tribunalexcept as provided by order of the Secretary of State)—

(a) in subsection (8) for “Except to such extent as the Secretary of State mayby order otherwise provide,” substitute “Except as provided by virtueof section 67A,”, and

(b) omit subsections (9) to (12).

(3) After section 68(4) of that Act (requirement to give notice of determinations tocomplainant) insert—

“(4A) Where the Tribunal make any determination of a kind mentioned insubsection (4), they must also give notice to—

(a) in the case of proceedings, the respondent,(b) in the case of a complaint, the person complained against, and(c) in the case of a reference, any public authority to whom the

reference relates.

(4B) A notice under subsection (4A) is (subject to any rules made by virtueof section 69(2)(j)) to be confined, as the case may be, to either—

(a) a statement that they have made a determination in thecomplainant’s favour, or

(b) a statement that no determination has been made in thecomplainant’s favour.

(4C) Where the Tribunal make any decision which—(a) is a final decision of a preliminary issue in relation to any

proceedings, complaint or reference brought before or made tothem, and

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(b) is neither a determination of a kind mentioned in subsection (4)nor a decision relating to a procedural matter,

they must give notice of that decision to every person who would beentitled to receive notice of the determination under subsection (4) or(4A).

(4D) A notice under subsection (4C) is (subject to any rules made by virtueof section 69(2)(i) or (j)) to be confined to a statement as to what thedecision is.

(4E) Subsections (4C) and (4D) do not apply so far as—(a) the Tribunal are prevented from giving notice of a decision to a

person by rules made by virtue of section 69(4) or decide undersuch rules not to give such a notice, or

(b) the giving of such a notice is inconsistent with such rules.”

(4) In section 69(2) of that Act (Tribunal rules)—(a) in paragraph (i), after “section 68(4)” insert “or notice under section

68(4C)”, and(b) after paragraph (i), insert “;

(j) require information about any determination, award,order or other decision made by the Tribunal in relationto any proceedings, complaint or reference to beprovided (in addition to any statement under section68(4A) or notice under section 68(4C)) to—

(i) in the case of proceedings, the respondent,(ii) in the case of a complaint, the person

complained against, and(iii) in the case of a reference, any public authority to

whom the reference relates,or to the person representing their interests;

(k) make provision about the making and determination ofapplications to the Tribunal for permission to appeal”.

(5) In section 78 of that Act (orders, regulations and rules)—(a) in subsection (4), after “applies” insert “(other than regulations under

section 67A(5))”, and(b) after subsection (4) insert—

“(4A) A statutory instrument containing regulations under section67A(5) may not be made unless a draft of the instrument hasbeen laid before, and approved by a resolution of, each Houseof Parliament.”

243 Functions of Tribunal in relation to this Act etc.

(1) In section 65 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (theInvestigatory Powers Tribunal)—

(a) in subsection (2)(c) (jurisdiction of the Investigatory Powers Tribunalwhere possible detriment due to evidential bar) for “section 17”substitute “section 56 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016”,

(b) in subsection (5) (conduct in relation to which the Tribunal has

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jurisdiction) after paragraph (b) insert—“(ba) conduct for or in connection with the obtaining of

secondary data from communications transmitted bymeans of such a service or system;

(bb) the issue, modification, renewal or service of a warrantunder Part 2 or Chapter 1 of Part 6 of the InvestigatoryPowers Act 2016 (interception of communications);”,

(c) in subsection (5) for paragraph (c) substitute—“(c) conduct of a kind which may be permitted or required

by an authorisation or notice under Part 3 of that Act ora warrant under Chapter 2 of Part 6 of that Act(acquisition of communications data);

(cza) the giving of an authorisation or notice under Part 3 ofthat Act or the issue, modification, renewal or service ofa warrant under Chapter 2 of Part 6 of that Act;

(czb) conduct of a kind which may be required or permittedby a retention notice under Part 4 of that Act (retentionof communications data) but excluding any conductwhich is subject to review by the InformationCommissioner;

(czc) the giving or varying of a retention notice under thatPart of that Act;

(czd) conduct of a kind which may be required or permittedby a warrant under Part 5 or Chapter 3 of Part 6 of thatAct (equipment interference);

(cze) the issue, modification, renewal or service of a warrantunder Part 5 or Chapter 3 of Part 6 of that Act;

(czf) the issue, modification, renewal or service of a warrantunder Part 7 of that Act (bulk personal datasetwarrants);

(czg) the giving of an authorisation under section 219(3)(b)(authorisation for the retention, or retention andexamination, of material following expiry of bulkpersonal dataset warrant);

(czh) the giving or varying of a direction under section 225 ofthat Act (directions where no bulk personal datasetwarrant required);

(czi) conduct of a kind which may be required by a noticeunder section 252 or 253 of that Act (national security ortechnical capability notices);

(czj) the giving or varying of such a notice;(czk) the giving of an authorisation under section 152(5)(c) or

193(5)(c) of that Act (certain authorisations to examineintercepted content or protected material);

(czl) any failure to—(i) cancel a warrant under Part 2, 5, 6 or 7 of that Act

or an authorisation under Part 3 of that Act;(ii) cancel a notice under Part 3 of that Act;

(iii) revoke a notice under Part 4, or section 252 or253, of that Act; or

(iv) revoke a direction under section 225 of that Act;

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(czm) any conduct in connection with any conduct fallingwithin paragraph (c), (czb), (czd) or (czi);”,

(d) in subsection (6) (limitation for certain purposes of what is conductfalling within subsection (5))—

(i) after “on behalf of” insert “an immigration officer or”, and(ii) after paragraph (d) insert—

“(dza) the Competition and Markets Authority;”,(e) after subsection (6) insert—

“(6A) Subsection (6) does not apply to anything mentioned inparagraph (d) or (f) of subsection (5) which also falls withinparagraph (czd) of that subsection.”,

(f) in subsection (7) after “if” insert “it is conduct of a public authorityand”,

(g) in subsection (7ZA) (role for Tribunal where judicial authorityinvolved) for “under section 23A or 32A” substitute “by a JudicialCommissioner or under section 32A of this Act or section 75 of theInvestigatory Powers Act 2016”,

(h) after subsection (7ZA) insert—

“(7ZB) For the purposes of this section conduct also takes place inchallengeable circumstances if it is, or purports to be, conductfalling within subsection (5)(bb), (cza), (czc), (cze), (czf), (czg),(czh), (czj), (czk) or (czl) or (so far as the conduct is, or purportsto be, the giving of a notice under section 49) subsection (5)(e).”,

(i) in subsection (8) (matters that may be challenged before the Tribunal)for paragraphs (a) and (b) substitute—

“(a) a warrant under Part 2, 5, 6 or 7 of the InvestigatoryPowers Act 2016;

(b) an authorisation or notice under Part 3 of that Act;(ba) a retention notice under Part 4 of that Act;(bb) a direction under section 225 of that Act;(bc) a notice under section 252 or 253 of that Act;”, and

(j) after subsection (9) insert—

“(9A) In subsection (5)(ba) the reference to obtaining secondary datafrom communications transmitted by means of a postal serviceor telecommunication system is to be read in accordance withsection 16 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016.”

(2) In section 67(7) of the Act of 2000 (powers of the Tribunal)—(a) after paragraph (a) insert—

“(aza) an order quashing or cancelling a notice under Part 3 ofthe Investigatory Powers Act 2016 or a retention noticeunder Part 4 of that Act;

(azb) an order quashing or revoking a direction under section225 of that Act;

(azc) an order quashing or revoking a notice under section252 or 253 of that Act;”,

(b) in paragraph (aa) for “section 23A or 32A” substitute “section 75 of theInvestigatory Powers Act 2016 or section 32A of this Act”, and

(c) in paragraph (b)(i) after “authorisation” insert “or by a notice underPart 3 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016”.

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(3) In section 68(5)(b) of the Act of 2000 (report of certain findings to the PrimeMinister) after “permission” insert “, or notice under Part 4 of the InvestigatoryPowers Act 2016 or under section 252 or 253 of that Act or direction undersection 225 of that Act,”.

(4) In section 68(6)(b) of the Act of 2000 (disclosures etc. to the Tribunal to enablethe exercise of functions conferred by or under that Act) after “this Act” insert“or the Investigatory Powers Act 2016”.

(5) In section 68(7) of the Act of 2000 (persons subject to duty to co-operate withthe Tribunal)—

(a) in paragraph (e)—(i) for “section 11” substitute “section 41, 126, 149, 168 or 190 of the

Investigatory Powers Act 2016”, and(ii) for “an interception warrant” substitute “a warrant”,

(b) in paragraph (f) for “section 12” substitute “section 252 or 253 of thatAct”,

(c) for paragraphs (g) and (h) substitute—“(g) every person by or to whom an authorisation under Part

3 of that Act has been granted;(h) every person to whom a notice under Part 3 of that Act

has been given;(ha) every person to whom a retention notice under Part 4 of

that Act or a notice under section 252 or 253 of that Acthas been given;”,

(d) in paragraph (k), for the words from “an authorisation” to the endsubstitute “—

(i) an authorisation under Part 3 of theInvestigatory Powers Act 2016, Part 2 of this Actor Part 3 of the Police Act 1997, or

(ii) a warrant under Chapter 2 of Part 6 of theInvestigatory Powers Act 2016;”,

(e) in paragraph (l) after “authorisation” insert “or warrant”, and(f) in paragraph (n) after “(h)” insert “, (ha)”.

(6) In section 68(8) of the Act of 2000 (meaning of “relevant Commissioner”) for thewords from “Interception” to the end substitute “Investigatory PowersCommissioner or any other Judicial Commissioner or the Investigatory PowersCommissioner for Northern Ireland”.

Information Commissioner

244 Oversight by Information Commissioner in relation to Part 4

The Information Commissioner must audit compliance with requirements orrestrictions imposed by virtue of Part 4 in relation to the integrity, security ordestruction of data retained by virtue of that Part.

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Advisory bodies

245 Technical Advisory Board

(1) There is to continue to be a Technical Advisory Board consisting of suchnumber of persons appointed by the Secretary of State as the Secretary of Statemay by regulations provide.

(2) The regulations providing for the membership of the Technical AdvisoryBoard must also make provision which is calculated to ensure—

(a) that the membership of the Board includes persons likely effectively torepresent the interests of persons on whom obligations may beimposed by virtue of retention notices under Part 4, national securitynotices under section 252 or technical capability notices under section253,

(b) that the membership of the Board includes persons likely effectively torepresent the interests of persons entitled to apply for warrants underPart 2, 5, 6 or 7 or authorisations under Part 3,

(c) that such other persons (if any) as the Secretary of State considersappropriate may be appointed to be members of the Board, and

(d) that the Board is so constituted as to produce a balance between therepresentation of the interests mentioned in paragraph (a) and therepresentation of those mentioned in paragraph (b).

(3) Regulations under this section may also make provision about quorum and thefilling of vacancies.

246 Technology Advisory Panel

(1) The Investigatory Powers Commissioner must ensure that there is aTechnology Advisory Panel to provide advice to the Investigatory PowersCommissioner, the Secretary of State and the Scottish Ministers about—

(a) the impact of changing technology on the exercise of investigatorypowers whose exercise is subject to review by the Commissioner, and

(b) the availability and development of techniques to use such powerswhile minimising interference with privacy.

(2) The Technology Advisory Panel must provide advice to the InvestigatoryPowers Commissioner about such matters falling within subsection (1)(a) or(b) as the Commissioner may direct.

(3) Subject to this, the Panel may provide advice to the Investigatory PowersCommissioner about such matters falling within subsection (1)(a) or (b) as itconsiders appropriate (whether or not requested to do so).

(4) The Panel may provide advice to the Secretary of State or the Scottish Ministersabout such matters falling within subsection (1)(a) or (b) as it considersappropriate (whether or not requested to do so) but such advice to the ScottishMinisters may only relate to matters for which the Scottish Ministers areresponsible.

(5) The Panel must, as soon as reasonably practicable after the end of eachcalendar year, make a report to the Investigatory Powers Commissioner aboutthe carrying out of the functions of the Panel.

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(6) The Panel must, at the same time, send a copy of the report to the Secretary ofState and (so far as relating to matters for which the Scottish Ministers areresponsible) the Scottish Ministers.

247 Members of the Panel

(1) The Investigatory Powers Commissioner must appoint such number ofpersons as members of the Technology Advisory Panel as the Commissionerconsiders necessary for the carrying out of the functions of the Panel.

(2) Subject as follows, each member of the Panel holds and vacates office inaccordance with the member’s terms and conditions of appointment.

(3) A member of the Panel must not act in a way which the member considers tobe contrary to the public interest or prejudicial to—

(a) national security,(b) the prevention or detection of serious crime, or(c) the economic well-being of the United Kingdom.

(4) A member of the Panel must, in particular, ensure that the member does not—(a) jeopardise the success of an intelligence or security operation or a law

enforcement operation,(b) compromise the safety or security of those involved, or(c) unduly impede the operational effectiveness of an intelligence service,

a police force, a government department or Her Majesty’s forces.

(5) Section 235(2) and (7) (information powers) apply to a member of the Panel asthey apply to a Judicial Commissioner.

PART 9

MISCELLANEOUS AND GENERAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER 1

MISCELLANEOUS

Combined warrants and authorisations

248 Combination of warrants and authorisations

Schedule 8 (which makes provision for the combination of certain warrantsand authorisations in a single instrument) has effect.

Compliance with Act

249 Payments towards certain compliance costs

(1) The Secretary of State must ensure that arrangements are in force for securingthat telecommunications operators and postal operators receive anappropriate contribution in respect of such of their relevant costs as theSecretary of State considers appropriate.

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(2) In subsection (1) “relevant costs” means costs incurred, or likely to be incurred,by telecommunications operators and postal operators in complying with thisAct.

(3) The arrangements may provide for payment of a contribution to be subject toterms and conditions determined by the Secretary of State.

(4) Such terms and conditions may, in particular, include a condition on theoperator concerned to comply with any audit that may reasonably be requiredto monitor the claim for costs.

(5) The arrangements may provide for the Secretary of State to determine—(a) the scope and extent of the arrangements, and(b) the appropriate level of contribution which should be made in each

case.

(6) Different levels of contribution may apply for different cases or descriptions ofcase but the appropriate contribution must never be nil.

(7) A retention notice under Part 4 given to a telecommunications operator or apostal operator, or a national security notice under section 252 given to atelecommunications operator, must specify the level or levels of contributionwhich the Secretary of State has determined should be made in respect of thecosts incurred, or likely to be incurred, by the operator as a result of the noticein complying with that Part or (as the case may be) with the national securitynotice.

(8) For the purpose of complying with this section the Secretary of State maymake, or arrange for the making of, payments out of money provided byParliament.

250 Power to develop compliance systems etc.

(1) The Secretary of State may—(a) develop, provide, maintain or improve, or(b) enter into financial or other arrangements with any person for the

development, provision, maintenance or improvement of,such apparatus, systems or other facilities or services as the Secretary of Stateconsiders appropriate for enabling or otherwise facilitating compliance by theSecretary of State, another public authority or any other person with this Act.

(2) Arrangements falling within subsection (1)(b) may, in particular, includearrangements consisting of the giving of financial assistance by the Secretaryof State.

(3) Such financial assistance—(a) may, in particular, be given by way of—

(i) grant,(ii) loan,

(iii) guarantee or indemnity,(iv) investment, or(v) incurring expenditure for the benefit of the person assisted, and

(b) may be given subject to terms and conditions determined by theSecretary of State.

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(4) Terms and conditions imposed by virtue of subsection (3)(b) may includeterms and conditions as to repayment with or without interest.

Additional powers

251 Amendments of the Intelligence Services Act 1994

(1) The Intelligence Services Act 1994 is amended as follows.

(2) In section 3 (the Government Communications Headquarters)—(a) in subsection (1)(a), after “monitor” insert “, make use of”, and(b) in the words following subsection (1)(b)(ii), for the words from “or to

any other organisation” to the end substitute “or, in such cases as itconsiders appropriate, to other organisations or persons, or to thegeneral public, in the United Kingdom or elsewhere.”

(3) In section 5 (warrants: general)—(a) in subsection (2), omit “, subject to subsection (3) below,”,(b) omit subsection (3), and(c) in subsection (3A), after “1989” insert “, or on the application of the

Intelligence Service or GCHQ for the purposes of the exercise of theirfunctions by virtue of section 1(2)(c) or 3(2)(c),”.

252 National security notices

(1) The Secretary of State may give any telecommunications operator in the UnitedKingdom a national security notice under this section if—

(a) the Secretary of State considers that the notice is necessary in theinterests of national security,

(b) the Secretary of State considers that the conduct required by the noticeis proportionate to what is sought to be achieved by that conduct, and

(c) the decision to give the notice has been approved by a JudicialCommissioner.

(2) A “national security notice” is a notice requiring the operator to take suchspecified steps as the Secretary of State considers necessary in the interests ofnational security.

(3) A national security notice may, in particular, require the operator to whom itis given—

(a) to carry out any conduct, including the provision of services orfacilities, for the purpose of—

(i) facilitating anything done by an intelligence service under anyenactment other than this Act, or

(ii) dealing with an emergency (within the meaning of Part 1 of theCivil Contingencies Act 2004);

(b) to provide services or facilities for the purpose of assisting anintelligence service to carry out its functions more securely or moreeffectively.

(4) In a case where— (a) a national security notice would require the taking of any steps, and

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(b) in the absence of such a notice requiring the taking of those steps, thetaking of those steps would be lawful only if a warrant or authorisationunder a relevant enactment had been obtained,

the notice may require the taking of those steps only if such a warrant orauthorisation has been obtained.

(5) But the Secretary of State may not give any telecommunications operator anational security notice the main purpose of which is to require the operator todo something for which a warrant or authorisation under a relevant enactmentis required.

(6) In this section “relevant enactment” means—(a) this Act;(b) the Intelligence Services Act 1994;(c) the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000;(d) the Regulation of Investigatory Powers (Scotland) Act 2000 (2000 asp

11).

(7) A national security notice must specify such period as appears to the Secretaryof State to be reasonable as the period within which the steps specified in thenotice are to be taken.

(8) Conduct required by a national security notice is to be treated as lawful for allpurposes (to the extent that it would not otherwise be so treated).

(9) Sections 254 to 258 contain further provision about national security notices.

253 Technical capability notices

(1) The Secretary of State may give a relevant operator a technical capability noticeunder this section if—

(a) the Secretary of State considers that the notice is necessary for securingthat the operator has the capability to provide any assistance which theoperator may be required to provide in relation to any relevantauthorisation,

(b) the Secretary of State considers that the conduct required by the noticeis proportionate to what is sought to be achieved by that conduct, and

(c) the decision to give the notice has been approved by a JudicialCommissioner.

(2) A “technical capability notice” is a notice—(a) imposing on the relevant operator any applicable obligations specified

in the notice, and(b) requiring the person to take all the steps specified in the notice for the

purpose of complying with those obligations.

(3) In this section— “applicable obligation”, in relation to a relevant operator of a particular

description, means an obligation specified by the Secretary of State inregulations as an obligation that may be imposed on relevant operators,or on relevant operators of that description;

“relevant authorisation” means—(a) any warrant issued under Part 2, 5 or 6, or(b) any authorisation or notice given under Part 3;

“relevant operator” means—

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(a) a postal operator,(b) a telecommunications operator, or(c) a person who is proposing to become a postal operator or a

telecommunications operator.

(4) Regulations under this section may specify an obligation that may be imposedon any relevant operators only if the Secretary of State considers it isreasonable to do so for the purpose of securing—

(a) that it is (and remains) practicable to impose requirements on thoserelevant operators to provide assistance in relation to relevantauthorisations, and

(b) that it is (and remains) practicable for those relevant operators tocomply with those requirements.

(5) The obligations that may be specified in regulations under this section include,among other things—

(a) obligations to provide facilities or services of a specified description;(b) obligations relating to apparatus owned or operated by a relevant

operator;(c) obligations relating to the removal by a relevant operator of electronic

protection applied by or on behalf of that operator to anycommunications or data;

(d) obligations relating to the security of any postal or telecommunicationsservices provided by a relevant operator;

(e) obligations relating to the handling or disclosure of any information.

(6) Before making any regulations under this section, the Secretary of State mustconsult the following persons—

(a) the Technical Advisory Board,(b) persons appearing to the Secretary of State to be likely to be subject to

any obligations specified in the regulations,(c) persons representing persons falling within paragraph (b), and(d) persons with statutory functions in relation to persons falling within

that paragraph.

(7) A technical capability notice—(a) must specify such period as appears to the Secretary of State to be

reasonable as the period within which the steps specified in the noticeare to be taken, and

(b) may specify different periods in relation to different steps.

(8) A technical capability notice may be given to persons outside the UnitedKingdom (and may require things to be done, or not to be done, outside theUnited Kingdom).

(9) Sections 254 to 258 contain further provision about technical capability notices.

254 Approval of notices by Judicial Commissioners

(1) In this section “relevant notice” means—(a) a national security notice under section 252, or(b) a technical capability notice under section 253.

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(2) In deciding whether to approve a decision to give a relevant notice, a JudicialCommissioner must review the Secretary of State’s conclusions as to thefollowing matters—

(a) whether the notice is necessary as mentioned in section 252(1)(a) or (asthe case may be) section 253(1)(a), and

(b) whether the conduct that would be required by the notice isproportionate to what is sought to be achieved by that conduct.

(3) In doing so, the Judicial Commissioner must—(a) apply the same principles as would be applied by a court on an

application for judicial review, and(b) consider the matters referred to in subsection (2) with a sufficient

degree of care as to ensure that the Judicial Commissioner complieswith the duties imposed by section 2 (general duties in relation toprivacy).

(4) Where a Judicial Commissioner refuses to approve a decision to give a relevantnotice, the Judicial Commissioner must give the Secretary of State writtenreasons for the refusal.

(5) Where a Judicial Commissioner, other than the Investigatory PowersCommissioner, refuses to approve a decision to give a relevant notice, theSecretary of State may ask the Investigatory Powers Commissioner to decidewhether to approve the decision to give the notice.

255 Further provision about notices under section 252 or 253

(1) In this section “relevant notice” means— (a) a national security notice under section 252, or(b) a technical capability notice under section 253.

(2) Before giving a relevant notice to a person, the Secretary of State must consultthat person.

(3) Before giving a relevant notice, the Secretary of State must, among othermatters, take into account—

(a) the likely benefits of the notice,(b) the likely number of users (if known) of any postal or

telecommunications service to which the notice relates,(c) the technical feasibility of complying with the notice,(d) the likely cost of complying with the notice, and(e) any other effect of the notice on the person (or description of person) to

whom it relates.

(4) In the case of a technical capability notice that would impose any obligationsrelating to the removal by a person of electronic protection applied by or onbehalf of that person to any communications or data, in complying withsubsection (3) the Secretary of State must in particular take into account thetechnical feasibility, and likely cost, of complying with those obligations.

(5) A relevant notice must be in writing.

(6) A technical capability notice may be given to a person outside the UnitedKingdom in any of the following ways (as well as by electronic or other meansof giving a notice)—

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(a) by delivering it to the person’s principal office within the UnitedKingdom or, if the person has no such office in the United Kingdom, toany place in the United Kingdom where the person carries on businessor conducts activities;

(b) if the person has specified an address in the United Kingdom as one atwhich the person, or someone on the person’s behalf, will acceptdocuments of the same description as a notice, by delivering it to thataddress.

(7) The Secretary of State may by regulations make further provision about thegiving of relevant notices.

(8) A person to whom a relevant notice is given, or any person employed orengaged for the purposes of that person’s business, must not disclose theexistence or contents of the notice to any other person without the permissionof the Secretary of State.

(9) A person to whom a relevant notice is given must comply with the notice.

(10) The duty imposed by subsection (9) is enforceable—(a) in relation to a person in the United Kingdom, and(b) so far as relating to a technical capability notice within subsection (11),

in relation to a person outside the United Kingdom,by civil proceedings by the Secretary of State for an injunction, or for specificperformance of a statutory duty under section 45 of the Court of Session Act1988, or for any other appropriate relief.

(11) A technical capability notice is within this subsection if it relates to any of thefollowing—

(a) a targeted interception warrant or mutual assistance warrant underChapter 1 of Part 2;

(b) a bulk interception warrant;(c) an authorisation or notice given under Part 3.

(12) Subsection (9) applies to a person to whom a national security notice is givendespite any other duty imposed on the person by or under Part 1, or Chapter 1of Part 2, of the Communications Act 2003.

256 Variation and revocation of notices

(1) In this section “relevant notice” means—(a) a national security notice under section 252, or(b) a technical capability notice under section 253.

(2) The Secretary of State must keep each relevant notice under review.

(3) The Secretary of State may— (a) vary a relevant notice;(b) revoke a relevant notice (whether wholly or in part).

(4) The Secretary of State may vary a national security notice given to a persononly if—

(a) the Secretary of State considers that the variation is necessary in theinterests of national security,

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(b) the Secretary of State considers that the conduct required by the noticeas varied is proportionate to what is sought to be achieved by thatconduct, and

(c) if the variation would impose further requirements on the person, thedecision to vary the notice has been approved by a JudicialCommissioner (but see subsection (6)).

(5) The Secretary of State may vary a technical capability notice given to a persononly if—

(a) the Secretary of State considers that the variation is necessary forsecuring that the person has the capability to provide any assistancewhich the person may be required to provide in relation to any relevantauthorisation (within the meaning of section 253),

(b) the Secretary of State considers that the conduct required by the noticeas varied is proportionate to what is sought to be achieved by thatconduct, and

(c) if the variation would impose further requirements on the person, thedecision to vary the notice has been approved by a JudicialCommissioner (but see subsection (6)).

(6) The condition in subsection (4)(c) or (as the case may be) subsection (5)(c) doesnot apply in the case of a variation to which section 257(10) applies.

(7) If the Secretary of State varies or revokes a relevant notice given to any person,the Secretary of State must give that person notice of the variation orrevocation.

(8) Section 254 (approval of notices by Judicial Commissioners) applies in relationto a decision to vary a relevant notice (other than a decision to which section257(10) applies) as it applies in relation to a decision to give a relevant notice,but as if—

(a) the reference in section 254(2)(a) to the notice were to the variation, and(b) the reference in section 254(2)(b) to the notice were to the notice as

varied.

(9) Subsections (2) to (4) and (7) of section 255 apply in relation to varying orrevoking a relevant notice as they apply in relation to giving a relevant notice(and in the application of section 255(3) and (4) in relation to varying a relevantnotice, references to the notice are to be read as references to the notice asvaried).

(10) Subsections (5) and (6) of section 255 apply to any notice of the variation orrevocation of a relevant notice as they apply to a relevant notice.

(11) The fact that a relevant notice has been revoked in relation to a particularperson (or description of persons) does not prevent the giving of anotherrelevant notice of the same kind in relation to the same person (or descriptionof persons).

(12) Any reference in this section or section 255(8) to (12) to a notice given undersection 252 or 253 includes a reference to such a notice as varied under thissection.

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257 Review of notices by the Secretary of State

(1) A person who is given a notice under section 252 or 253 may, within suchperiod or circumstances as may be provided for by regulations made by theSecretary of State, refer the notice back to the Secretary of State.

(2) Such a reference may be in relation to the whole of a notice or any aspect of it.

(3) There is no requirement for a person who has referred a notice undersubsection (1) to comply with the notice, so far as referred, until the Secretaryof State has reviewed the notice in accordance with subsection (4).

(4) The Secretary of State must review any notice so far as referred to the Secretaryof State under subsection (1).

(5) Before deciding the review, the Secretary of State must consult—(a) the Technical Advisory Board, and(b) a Judicial Commissioner.

(6) The Board must consider the technical requirements and the financialconsequences, for the person who has made the reference, of the notice so faras referred.

(7) The Commissioner must consider whether the notice so far as referred isproportionate.

(8) The Board and the Commissioner must—(a) give the person concerned and the Secretary of State the opportunity to

provide evidence, or make representations, to them before reachingtheir conclusions, and

(b) report their conclusions to— (i) the person, and

(ii) the Secretary of State.

(9) The Secretary of State may, after considering the conclusions of the Board andthe Commissioner—

(a) vary or revoke the notice under section 256, or(b) give a notice under this section to the person confirming its effect.

(10) But the Secretary of State may vary the notice, or give a notice under subsection(9)(b) confirming its effect, only if the Secretary of State’s decision to do so hasbeen approved by the Investigatory Powers Commissioner.

(11) Subsections (5) to (8) of section 255 apply in relation to a notice undersubsection (9)(b) above as they apply in relation to a notice under section 252or 253.

(12) Any reference in this section or section 258 to a notice under section 252 or 253includes such a notice as varied under section 256, but only so far as thevariation is concerned. But it does not include a notice varied as mentioned in subsection (9)(a) above.

258 Approval of notices following review under section 257

(1) In this section “relevant notice” means—(a) a national security notice under section 252, or(b) a technical capability notice under section 253.

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(2) In deciding whether to approve a decision to vary a relevant notice asmentioned in section 257(9)(a), or to give a notice under section 257(9)(b)confirming the effect of a relevant notice, the Investigatory PowersCommissioner must review the Secretary of State’s conclusions as to thefollowing matters—

(a) whether the relevant notice as varied or confirmed is necessary asmentioned in section 252(1)(a) or (as the case may be) section 253(1)(a),and

(b) whether the conduct required by the relevant notice, as varied orconfirmed, is proportionate to what is sought to be achieved by thatconduct.

(3) In doing so, the Investigatory Powers Commissioner must—(a) apply the same principles as would be applied by a court on an

application for judicial review, and(b) consider the matters referred to in subsection (2) with a sufficient

degree of care as to ensure that the Investigatory Powers Commissionercomplies with the duties imposed by section 2 (general duties inrelation to privacy).

(4) Where the Investigatory Powers Commissioner refuses to approve a decisionto vary a relevant notice as mentioned in section 257(9)(a), or to give a noticeunder section 257(9)(b) confirming the effect of a relevant notice, theInvestigatory Powers Commissioner must give the Secretary of State writtenreasons for the refusal.

Wireless telegraphy

259 Amendments of the Wireless Telegraphy Act 2006

(1) The Wireless Telegraphy Act 2006 is amended as follows.

(2) Section 48 (interception and disclosure of messages) is amended as follows.

(3) In subsection (1), for “otherwise than under the authority of a designatedperson” substitute “without lawful authority”.

(4) After subsection (3) insert—

“(3A) A person does not commit an offence under this section consisting inany conduct if the conduct—

(a) constitutes an offence under section 3(1) of the InvestigatoryPowers Act 2016 (offence of unlawful interception), or

(b) would do so in the absence of any lawful authority (within themeaning of section 6 of that Act).”

(5) Omit subsection (5).

(6) Omit section 49 (interception authorities).

(7) In consequence of the repeal made by subsection (6)—(a) in sections 50(5) and 119(2)(a), for “49” substitute “48”;(b) in section 121(2), omit paragraph (b).

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CHAPTER 2

GENERAL

Review of operation of Act

260 Review of operation of Act

(1) The Secretary of State must, within the period of 6 months beginning with theend of the initial period, prepare a report on the operation of this Act.

(2) In subsection (1) “the initial period” is the period of 5 years and 6 monthsbeginning with the day on which this Act is passed.

(3) In preparing the report under subsection (1), the Secretary of State must, inparticular, take account of any report on the operation of this Act made by aSelect Committee of either House of Parliament (whether acting alone orjointly).

(4) The Secretary of State must—(a) publish the report prepared under subsection (1), and(b) lay a copy of it before Parliament.

Interpretation

261 Telecommunications definitions

(1) The definitions in this section have effect for the purposes of this Act.

Communication

(2) “Communication”, in relation to a telecommunications operator,telecommunications service or telecommunication system, includes—

(a) anything comprising speech, music, sounds, visual images or data ofany description, and

(b) signals serving either for the impartation of anything between persons,between a person and a thing or between things or for the actuation orcontrol of any apparatus.

Entity data

(3) “Entity data” means any data which—(a) is about—

(i) an entity,(ii) an association between a telecommunications service and an

entity, or(iii) an association between any part of a telecommunication system

and an entity,(b) consists of, or includes, data which identifies or describes the entity

(whether or not by reference to the entity’s location), and(c) is not events data.

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Events data

(4) “Events data” means any data which identifies or describes an event (whetheror not by reference to its location) on, in or by means of a telecommunicationsystem where the event consists of one or more entities engaging in a specificactivity at a specific time.

Communications data

(5) “Communications data”, in relation to a telecommunications operator,telecommunications service or telecommunication system, means entity dataor events data—

(a) which is (or is to be or is capable of being) held or obtained by, or onbehalf of, a telecommunications operator and—

(i) is about an entity to which a telecommunications service isprovided and relates to the provision of the service,

(ii) is comprised in, included as part of, attached to or logicallyassociated with a communication (whether by the sender orotherwise) for the purposes of a telecommunication system bymeans of which the communication is being or may betransmitted, or

(iii) does not fall within sub-paragraph (i) or (ii) but does relate tothe use of a telecommunications service or a telecommunicationsystem,

(b) which is available directly from a telecommunication system and fallswithin sub-paragraph (ii) of paragraph (a), or

(c) which—(i) is (or is to be or is capable of being) held or obtained by, or on

behalf of, a telecommunications operator,(ii) is about the architecture of a telecommunication system, and

(iii) is not about a specific person,but does not include any content of a communication or anything which, in theabsence of subsection (6)(b), would be content of a communication.

Content of a communication

(6) “Content”, in relation to a communication and a telecommunications operator,telecommunications service or telecommunication system, means any elementof the communication, or any data attached to or logically associated with thecommunication, which reveals anything of what might reasonably beconsidered to be the meaning (if any) of the communication, but—

(a) any meaning arising from the fact of the communication or from anydata relating to the transmission of the communication is to bedisregarded, and

(b) anything which is systems data is not content.

Other definitions

(7) “Entity” means a person or thing.

(8) “Public telecommunications service” means any telecommunications servicewhich is offered or provided to the public, or a substantial section of the public,in any one or more parts of the United Kingdom.

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(9) “Public telecommunication system” means a telecommunication systemlocated in the United Kingdom—

(a) by means of which any public telecommunications service is provided,or

(b) which consists of parts of any other telecommunication system bymeans of which any such service is provided.

(10) “Telecommunications operator” means a person who—(a) offers or provides a telecommunications service to persons in the

United Kingdom, or(b) controls or provides a telecommunication system which is (wholly or

partly)—(i) in the United Kingdom, or

(ii) controlled from the United Kingdom.

(11) “Telecommunications service” means any service that consists in the provisionof access to, and of facilities for making use of, any telecommunication system(whether or not one provided by the person providing the service).

(12) For the purposes of subsection (11), the cases in which a service is to be takento consist in the provision of access to, and of facilities for making use of, atelecommunication system include any case where a service consists in orincludes facilitating the creation, management or storage of communicationstransmitted, or that may be transmitted, by means of such a system.

(13) “Telecommunication system” means a system (including the apparatuscomprised in it) that exists (whether wholly or partly in the United Kingdomor elsewhere) for the purpose of facilitating the transmission ofcommunications by any means involving the use of electrical orelectromagnetic energy.

(14) “Private telecommunication system” means any telecommunication systemwhich—

(a) is not a public telecommunication system,(b) is attached, directly or indirectly, to a public telecommunication system

(whether or not for the purposes of the communication in question),and

(c) includes apparatus which is both located in the United Kingdom andused (with or without other apparatus) for making the attachment tothat public telecommunication system.

262 Postal definitions

(1) The definitions in this section have effect for the purposes of this Act.

Communication

(2) “Communication”, in relation to a postal operator or postal service (but not inthe definition of “postal service” in this section), includes anything transmittedby a postal service.

Communications data

(3) “Communications data”, in relation to a postal operator or postal service,means—

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(a) postal data comprised in, included as part of, attached to or logicallyassociated with a communication (whether by the sender or otherwise)for the purposes of a postal service by means of which it is being or maybe transmitted,

(b) information about the use made by any person of a postal service (butexcluding any content of a communication (apart from informationwithin paragraph (a)), or

(c) information not within paragraph (a) or (b) that is (or is to be or iscapable of being) held or obtained by or on behalf of a person providinga postal service, is about those to whom the service is provided by thatperson and relates to the service so provided.

Postal data

(4) “Postal data” means data which—(a) identifies, or purports to identify, any person, apparatus or location to

or from which a communication is or may be transmitted,(b) identifies or selects, or purports to identify or select, apparatus through

which, or by means of which, a communication is or may betransmitted,

(c) identifies, or purports to identify, the time at which an event relating toa communication occurs, or

(d) identifies the data or other data as data comprised in, included as partof, attached to or logically associated with a particular communication.

For the purposes of this definition “data”, in relation to a postal item, includesanything written on the outside of the item.

Other definitions

(5) “Postal item” means—(a) any letter, postcard or other such thing in writing as may be used by the

sender for imparting information to the recipient, or(b) any packet or parcel.

(6) “Postal operator” means a person providing a postal service to persons in theUnited Kingdom.

(7) “Postal service” means a service that—(a) consists in the following, or in any one or more of them, namely, the

collection, sorting, conveyance, distribution and delivery (whether inthe United Kingdom or elsewhere) of postal items, and

(b) has as its main purpose, or one of its main purposes, to make available,or to facilitate, a means of transmission from place to place of postalitems containing communications.

(8) “Public postal service” means a postal service that is offered or provided to thepublic, or a substantial section of the public, in any one or more parts of theUnited Kingdom.

263 General definitions

(1) In this Act—“apparatus” includes any equipment, machinery or device (whether

physical or logical) and any wire or cable,

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“civil proceedings” means any proceedings in or before any court ortribunal that are not criminal proceedings,

“crime” means conduct which—(a) constitutes one or more criminal offences, or(b) is, or corresponds to, any conduct which, if it all took place in

any one part of the United Kingdom, would constitute one ormore criminal offences,

“criminal proceedings” includes proceedings before a court in respect ofa service offence within the meaning of the Armed Forces Act 2006 (andreferences to criminal prosecutions are to be read accordingly),

“data” includes data which is not electronic data and any information(whether or not electronic),

“destroy”, in relation to electronic data, means delete the data in such away as to make access to the data impossible (and related expressionsare to be read accordingly),

“enactment” means an enactment whenever passed or made; andincludes—

(a) an enactment contained in subordinate legislation within themeaning of the Interpretation Act 1978,

(b) an enactment contained in, or in an instrument made under, anAct of the Scottish Parliament,

(c) an enactment contained in, or in an instrument made under, aMeasure or Act of the National Assembly for Wales, and

(d) an enactment contained in, or in an instrument made under,Northern Ireland legislation,

“enhanced affirmative procedure” is to be read in accordance with section268,

“functions” includes powers and duties,“GCHQ” has the same meaning as in the Intelligence Services Act 1994,“head”, in relation to an intelligence service, means—

(a) in relation to the Security Service, the Director-General,(b) in relation to the Secret Intelligence Service, the Chief, and(c) in relation to GCHQ, the Director,

“Her Majesty’s forces” has the same meaning as in the Armed Forces Act2006,

“identifying data” has the meaning given by subsection (2),“intelligence service” means the Security Service, the Secret Intelligence

Service or GCHQ,“the Investigatory Powers Commissioner” means the person appointed

under section 227(1)(a) (and the expression is also to be read inaccordance with section 227(13)(b)),

“the Investigatory Powers Tribunal” means the tribunal established undersection 65 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000,

“items subject to legal privilege”—(a) in relation to England and Wales, has the same meaning as in

the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (see section 10 of thatAct),

(b) in relation to Scotland, means—(i) communications between a professional legal adviser

and the adviser’s client, or

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(ii) communications made in connection with, or incontemplation of, legal proceedings and for thepurposes of those proceedings,

which would, by virtue of any rule of law relating to theconfidentiality of communications, be protected in legalproceedings from disclosure, and

(c) in relation to Northern Ireland, has the same meaning as in thePolice and Criminal Evidence (Northern Ireland) Order 1989(S.I. 1989/1341 (N.I. 12)) (see Article 12 of that Order),

“Judicial Commissioner” means a person appointed under section227(1)(a) or (b) (and the expression is therefore to be read in accordancewith section 227(13)(a)),

“legal proceedings” means—(a) civil or criminal proceedings in or before a court or tribunal, or(b) proceedings before an officer in respect of a service offence

within the meaning of the Armed Forces Act 2006,“modify” includes amend, repeal or revoke (and related expressions are

to be read accordingly),“person holding office under the Crown” includes any servant of the

Crown and any member of Her Majesty’s forces,“premises” includes any land, movable structure, vehicle, vessel, aircraft

or hovercraft (and “set of premises” is to be read accordingly),“primary legislation” means—

(a) an Act of Parliament,(b) an Act of the Scottish Parliament,(c) a Measure or Act of the National Assembly for Wales, or(d) Northern Ireland legislation,

“public authority” means a public authority within the meaning of section6 of the Human Rights Act 1998, other than a court or tribunal,

“serious crime” means crime where—(a) the offence, or one of the offences, which is or would be

constituted by the conduct concerned is an offence for which aperson who has reached the age of 18 (or, in relation to Scotlandor Northern Ireland, 21) and has no previous convictions couldreasonably be expected to be sentenced to imprisonment for aterm of 3 years or more, or

(b) the conduct involves the use of violence, results in substantialfinancial gain or is conduct by a large number of persons inpursuit of a common purpose,

“source of journalistic information” means an individual who providesmaterial intending the recipient to use it for the purposes of journalismor knowing that it is likely to be so used,

“specified”, in relation to an authorisation, warrant, notice or regulations,means specified or described in the authorisation, warrant, notice or (asthe case may be) regulations (and “specify” is to be read accordingly),

“statutory”, in relation to any function, means conferred by virtue of thisAct or any other enactment,

“subordinate legislation” means—(a) subordinate legislation within the meaning of the Interpretation

Act 1978, or

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(b) an instrument made under an Act of the Scottish Parliament,Northern Ireland legislation or a Measure or Act of the NationalAssembly for Wales,

“systems data” has the meaning given by subsection (4),“the Technical Advisory Board” means the Board provided for by section

245,“the Technology Advisory Panel” means the panel established in

accordance with section 246(1),“working day” means a day other than a Saturday, a Sunday, Christmas

Day, Good Friday or a bank holiday under the Banking and FinancialDealings Act 1971 in any part of the United Kingdom.

(2) In this Act “identifying data” means—(a) data which may be used to identify, or assist in identifying, any person,

apparatus, system or service,(b) data which may be used to identify, or assist in identifying, any event,

or(c) data which may be used to identify, or assist in identifying, the location

of any person, event or thing.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2), the reference to data which may be used toidentify, or assist in identifying, any event includes—

(a) data relating to the fact of the event;(b) data relating to the type, method or pattern of event;(c) data relating to the time or duration of the event.

(4) In this Act “systems data” means any data that enables or facilitates, oridentifies or describes anything connected with enabling or facilitating, thefunctioning of any of the following—

(a) a postal service;(b) a telecommunication system (including any apparatus forming part of

the system);(c) any telecommunications service provided by means of a

telecommunication system;(d) a relevant system (including any apparatus forming part of the system);(e) any service provided by means of a relevant system.

(5) For the purposes of subsection (4), a system is a “relevant system” if anycommunications or other information are held on or by means of the system.

(6) For the purposes of this Act detecting crime or serious crime is to be taken toinclude—

(a) establishing by whom, for what purpose, by what means and generallyin what circumstances any crime or (as the case may be) serious crimewas committed, and

(b) the apprehension of the person by whom any crime or (as the case maybe) serious crime was committed.

(7) References in this Act to the examination of material obtained under a warrantare references to the material being read, looked at or listened to by the personsto whom it becomes available as a result of the warrant.

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264 General definitions: “journalistic material” etc.

(1) The definitions in this section have effect for the purposes of this Act.

Journalistic material

(2) “Journalistic material” means material created or acquired for the purposes ofjournalism.

(3) For the purposes of this section, where— (a) a person (“R”) receives material from another person (“S”), and(b) S intends R to use the material for the purposes of journalism,

R is to be taken to have acquired it for those purposes.Accordingly, a communication sent by S to R containing such material is to beregarded as a communication containing journalistic material.

(4) For the purposes of determining whether a communication contains materialacquired for the purposes of journalism, it does not matter whether thematerial has been acquired for those purposes by the sender or recipient of thecommunication or by some other person.

(5) For the purposes of this section— (a) material is not to be regarded as created or acquired for the purposes of

journalism if it is created or acquired with the intention of furthering acriminal purpose, and

(b) material which a person intends to be used to further such a purpose isnot to be regarded as intended to be used for the purposes ofjournalism.

Confidential journalistic material

(6) “Confidential journalistic material” means—(a) in the case of material contained in a communication, journalistic

material which the sender of the communication—(i) holds in confidence, or

(ii) intends the recipient, or intended recipient, of thecommunication to hold in confidence;

(b) in any other case, journalistic material which a person holds inconfidence.

(7) A person holds material in confidence for the purposes of this section if—(a) the person holds it subject to an express or implied undertaking to hold

it in confidence, or(b) the person holds it subject to a restriction on disclosure or an obligation

of secrecy contained in an enactment.

265 Index of defined expressions

In this Act, the expressions listed in the left-hand column have the meaninggiven by, or are to be interpreted in accordance with, the provisions listed inthe right-hand column.

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Expression Provision

Apparatus Section 263(1)

Bulk equipment interference warrant Section 176(1)

Bulk interception warrant Section 136(1)

Civil proceedings Section 263(1)

Communication Sections 261(2) and 262(2)

Communications data Sections 261(5) and 262(3)

Confidential journalistic material Section 264(6) and (7)

Content of a communication (in relation to atelecommunications operator, telecommunications serviceor telecommunication system)

Section 261(6)

Crime Section 263(1)

Criminal proceedings Section 263(1)

Criminal prosecution Section 263(1)

Data Section 263(1)

Destroy (in relation to electronic data) and relatedexpressions

Section 263(1)

Detecting crime or serious crime Section 263(6)

Enactment Section 263(1)

Enhanced affirmative procedure Section 263(1)

Entity Section 261(7)

Entity data Section 261(3)

Events data Section 261(4)

Examination (in relation to material obtained under awarrant)

Section 263(7)

Functions Section 263(1)

GCHQ Section 263(1)

Head (in relation to an intelligence service) Section 263(1)

Her Majesty’s forces Section 263(1)

Identifying data Section 263(2) and (3)

Intelligence service Section 263(1)

Interception of communication (postal service) Sections 4(7) and 5

Interception of communication (telecommunication system) Sections 4(1) to (6) and 5(1)

Interception of communication in the United Kingdom Section 4(8)

Internet connection record Section 62(7)

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Investigatory Powers Commissioner Section 263(1)

Investigatory Powers Tribunal Section 263(1)

Items subject to legal privilege Section 263(1)

Journalistic material Section 264(2) to (5)

Judicial Commissioner Section 263(1)

Judicial Commissioners Section 227(7)

Lawful authority (in relation to interception ofcommunication)

Section 6

Legal proceedings Section 263(1)

Modify (and related expressions) Section 263(1)

Person holding office under the Crown Section 263(1)

Postal data Section 262(4)

Postal item Section 262(5)

Postal item in course of transmission by postal service Section 4(7)

Postal operator Section 262(6)

Postal service Section 262(7)

Premises Section 263(1)

Primary legislation Section 263(1)

Private telecommunication system Section 261(14)

Public authority Section 263(1)

Public postal service Section 262(8)

Public telecommunications service Section 261(8)

Public telecommunication system Section 261(9)

Serious crime Section 263(1) (andparagraph 6 of Schedule 9)

Source of journalistic information Section 263(1)

Specified and specify (in relation to an authorisation,warrant, notice or regulations)

Section 263(1)

Statutory (in relation to any function) Section 263(1)

Subordinate legislation Section 263(1)

Systems data Section 263(4) and (5)

Technical Advisory Board Section 263(1)

Technology Advisory Panel Section 263(1)

Telecommunications operator Section 261(10)

Expression Provision

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Supplementary provision

266 Offences by bodies corporate etc.

(1) This section applies if an offence under this Act is committed by a bodycorporate or a Scottish partnership.

(2) If the offence is proved to have been committed with the consent or connivanceof, or to be attributable to any neglect on the part of—

(a) a senior officer of the body corporate or Scottish partnership, or(b) a person purporting to act in such a capacity,

the senior officer or person (as well as the body corporate or partnership) isguilty of the offence and liable to be proceeded against and punishedaccordingly.

(3) In this section—“director”, in relation to a body corporate whose affairs are managed by

its members, means a member of the body corporate,“senior officer” means—

(a) in relation to a body corporate, a director, manager, secretary orother similar officer of the body corporate, and

(b) in relation to a Scottish partnership, a partner in thepartnership.

267 Regulations

(1) Any power of the Secretary of State or the Treasury to make regulations underthis Act—

(a) is exercisable by statutory instrument,(b) may be exercised so as to make different provision for different

purposes or different areas, and(c) includes power to make supplementary, incidental, consequential,

transitional, transitory or saving provision.

(2) See sections 72(3) and 73(6) for the procedure for a statutory instrumentcontaining regulations under section 71 to which section 72 applies or (as thecase may be) regulations under section 73(4) to which section 73(5) applies(enhanced affirmative procedure).

(3) A statutory instrument containing regulations under—(a) section 12(4) or 271(2) which amend or repeal any provision of primary

legislation,(b) section 46(2),(c) section 52(5),

Telecommunications service Section 261(11) and (12)

Telecommunication system Section 261(13)

Working day Section 263(1)

Expression Provision

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(d) section 83,(e) section 90(1),(f) section 239,(g) section 240(3),(h) section 245,(i) section 253,(j) section 257(1), or

(k) paragraph 33 of Schedule 8,may not be made unless a draft of the instrument has been laid before, andapproved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament.

(4) A statutory instrument containing—(a) regulations under section 12(4) or 271(2) to which subsection (3) does

not apply,(b) regulations under section 65(5), or(c) regulations under paragraph 2(1)(b) of Schedule 5,

is (if a draft of the instrument has not been laid before, and approved by aresolution of, each House of Parliament) subject to annulment in pursuance ofa resolution of either House of Parliament.

(5) A statutory instrument containing—(a) regulations under section 10(3),(b) regulations under section 52(3),(c) regulations under section 58(8)(a),(d) regulations under section 71 to which section 72 does not apply,(e) regulations under section 73(4) to which section 73(5) does not apply,(f) regulations under section 133(6)(a), or(g) regulations under section 255(7),

is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of either House ofParliament.

(6) A statutory instrument containing regulations under paragraph 4 of Schedule5 is subject to annulment in pursuance of a resolution of the House ofCommons.

(7) See paragraphs 4(4) and 5(5) of Schedule 7 for the procedure for a statutoryinstrument containing regulations about the coming into force of a code ofpractice under that Schedule or of any revisions to such a code of practice(affirmative procedure or, in the case of the coming into force of revisions, achoice between that procedure and laying before Parliament after being made).

(8) A statutory instrument containing regulations which are subject to a particularparliamentary procedure under this Act may also include regulations whichare subject to a different or no parliamentary procedure under this Act (but thissubsection does not apply to regulations mentioned in subsection (2), (4), (6) or(7)).

(9) A statutory instrument which, by virtue of subsection (8), contains regulationswhich are subject to different parliamentary procedures, or one or moreparliamentary procedure and no parliamentary procedure, is subject towhichever procedure is the higher procedure; and the order is as follows (thehighest first)—

(a) the procedure set out in subsection (3) (the affirmative procedure),

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(b) the procedure set out in subsection (5) above (the negative procedure),(c) no procedure.

(10) Provision is not prevented from being included in regulations made under thisAct merely because the provision could have been included in otherregulations made under this Act which would have been subject to a differentor no parliamentary procedure.

268 Enhanced affirmative procedure

(1) For the purposes of regulations under section 71 to which section 72 appliesand regulations under section 73(4) to which section 73(5) applies, theenhanced affirmative procedure is as follows.

(2) Subsection (3) applies if—(a) the Secretary of State has consulted under section 72(2) or (as the case

may be) 73(5) in relation to making such regulations,(b) a period of at least 12 weeks, beginning with the day on which any such

consultation first began, has elapsed, and(c) the Secretary of State considers it appropriate to proceed with making

such regulations.

(3) The Secretary of State must lay before Parliament—(a) draft regulations, and(b) a document which explains the regulations.

(4) The Secretary of State may make regulations in the terms of the draftregulations laid under subsection (3) if, after the end of the 40-day period, thedraft regulations are approved by a resolution of each House of Parliament.

(5) But subsections (6) to (9) apply instead of subsection (4) if—(a) either House of Parliament so resolves within the 30-day period, or(b) a committee of either House charged with reporting on the draft

regulations so recommends within the 30-day period and the House towhich the recommendation is made does not by resolution reject therecommendation within that period.

(6) The Secretary of State must have regard to—(a) any representations,(b) any resolution of either House of Parliament, and(c) any recommendations of a committee of either House of Parliament

charged with reporting on the draft regulations,made during the 60-day period with regard to the draft regulations.

(7) If after the end of the 60-day period the draft regulations are approved by aresolution of each House of Parliament, the Secretary of State may makeregulations in the terms of the draft regulations.

(8) If after the end of the 60-day period the Secretary of State wishes to proceedwith the draft regulations but with material changes, the Secretary of State maylay before Parliament—

(a) revised draft regulations, and(b) a statement giving a summary of the changes proposed.

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(9) If the revised draft regulations are approved by a resolution of each House ofParliament, the Secretary of State may make regulations in the terms of therevised draft regulations.

(10) For the purposes of this section regulations are made in the terms of draftregulations or revised draft regulations if they contain no material changes tothe provisions of the draft, or revised draft, regulations.

(11) References in this section to the “30-day”, “40-day” and “60-day” periods inrelation to any draft regulations are to the periods of 30, 40 and 60 daysbeginning with the day on which the draft regulations were laid beforeParliament; and, for this purpose, no account is to be taken of any time duringwhich Parliament is dissolved or prorogued or during which either House isadjourned for more than four days.

269 Financial provisions

There is to be paid out of money provided by Parliament—(a) any expenditure incurred by a Minister of the Crown or government

department by virtue of this Act, and(b) any increase attributable to this Act in the sums payable by virtue of

any other Act out of money so provided.

270 Transitional, transitory or saving provision

(1) Schedule 9 (which contains transitional, transitory and saving provisionincluding a general saving for lawful conduct) has effect.

(2) The Secretary of State may by regulations make such transitional, transitory orsaving provision as the Secretary of State considers appropriate in connectionwith the coming into force of any provision of this Act.

271 Minor and consequential provision

(1) Schedule 10 (which contains minor and consequential provision) has effect.

(2) The Secretary of State may by regulations make such provision as the Secretaryof State considers appropriate in consequence of this Act.

(3) The power to make regulations under subsection (2) may, in particular, beexercised by modifying any provision made by or under an enactment.

(4) In subsection (3) “enactment” does not include any primary legislation passedor made after the end of the Session in which this Act is passed.

Final provision

272 Commencement, extent and short title

(1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), this Act comes into force on such day as theSecretary of State may by regulations appoint; and different days may beappointed for different purposes.

(2) Sections 260 to 269, 270(2), 271(2) to (4) and this section come into force on theday on which this Act is passed.

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(3) Sections 227 and 228 come into force at the end of the period of two monthsbeginning with the day on which this Act is passed.

(4) Subject to subsections (5) to (7), this Act extends to England and Wales,Scotland and Northern Ireland.

(5) An amendment, repeal or revocation made by this Act of an enactment has thesame extent within the United Kingdom as the enactment amended, repealedor revoked.

(6) Her Majesty may by Order in Council provide for any of the provisions of thisAct to extend, with or without modifications, to the Isle of Man or any of theBritish overseas territories.

(7) Any power under an Act to extend any provision of that Act by Order inCouncil to any of the Channel Islands may be exercised so as to extend there(with or without modifications) any amendment or repeal of that provisionwhich is made by or under this Act.

(8) This Act may be cited as the Investigatory Powers Act 2016.

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S C H E D U L E S

SCHEDULE 1 Section 7

MONETARY PENALTY NOTICES

PART 1

MONETARY PENALTY NOTICES

Payment of monetary penalties

1 (1) A monetary penalty imposed by a monetary penalty notice must be paid tothe Commissioner within the period specified in the notice.

(2) The period specified under sub-paragraph (1) must not be less than 28 daysbeginning with the day after the day on which the notice is served.

(3) Any sum received by the Commissioner by virtue of a monetary penaltynotice must be paid into the Consolidated Fund.

Contents of monetary penalty notices

2 A monetary penalty notice must, in particular— (a) state the name and address of the person on whom it is to be served,(b) provide details of the notice of intent served on that person (see

paragraph 4),(c) state whether the Commissioner has received written

representations in accordance with that notice of intent,(d) state the grounds on which the Commissioner serves the monetary

penalty notice,(e) state the grounds on which the Commissioner decided the amount of

the monetary penalty imposed by the monetary penalty notice,(f) state the details of how the monetary penalty is to be paid,(g) provide details of the person’s rights of appeal under paragraph 8 in

respect of the monetary penalty notice,(h) provide details of the Commissioner’s rights of enforcement under

paragraph 9 in respect of the monetary penalty notice.

Enforcement obligations

3 (1) The Commissioner may include an enforcement obligation, or enforcementobligations, in a monetary penalty notice if the Commissioner considers thatthe interception to which the notice relates is continuing.

(2) Each of the following is an enforcement obligation—

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(a) a requirement on the person on whom the notice is served to ceasethe interception on a specified day or within a specified period;

(b) (where appropriate for achieving such a cessation) a requirement onthe person to take specified steps within a specified period, or torefrain from taking specified steps after the end of a specified period.

(3) An enforcement obligation may not have effect before the end of the periodof 7 days beginning with the day after the day on which the notice is served.

(4) Where an enforcement obligation is included in a monetary penalty noticeunder this paragraph, the notice must state what the obligation is and thegrounds for including it.

Consultation requirements before service of monetary penalty notices

4 (1) The Commissioner must proceed in accordance with sub-paragraphs (2) to(7) before serving a monetary penalty notice on a person.

(2) The Commissioner must serve a notice of intent on the person.

(3) A notice of intent is a notice that the Commissioner proposes to serve amonetary penalty notice on the person.

(4) A notice of intent served on a person must, in particular— (a) state the name and address of the person,(b) state the grounds on which the Commissioner proposes to serve the

monetary penalty notice,(c) provide an indication of the amount of the monetary penalty that the

Commissioner proposes to impose and the Commissioner’s groundsfor deciding that amount,

(d) state whether the monetary penalty notice is to include anyenforcement obligation and, if so, what the obligation is and thegrounds for including it,

(e) state the date on which the Commissioner proposes to serve themonetary penalty notice,

(f) inform the person that the person may make written representationsin relation to the Commissioner’s proposal within a period specifiedin the notice, and

(g) inform the person that the person may, within a period specified inthe notice, request an oral hearing before the Commissioner in orderto make representations of the kind mentioned in sub-paragraph(6)(b).

(5) No period specified as mentioned in sub-paragraph (4)(f) or (g) may be lessthan 21 days beginning with the day after the day on which the notice isserved.

(6) Where the person has requested an oral hearing within the period specifiedfor the purpose in the notice—

(a) the Commissioner must arrange such a hearing, and(b) the person may make representations at the hearing about—

(i) any matter falling within section 7(3)(c), or(ii) any other matter relating to the Commissioner’s proposal

which, by virtue of section 56, the person would be unable toraise on an appeal under paragraph 8.

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(7) The Commissioner must consider any representations which have beenmade by the person in accordance with the notice or sub-paragraph (6).

(8) If the Commissioner decides not to serve a monetary penalty notice on aperson as a result of any representations which have been made by theperson in accordance with a notice of intent or sub-paragraph (6), theCommissioner must inform the person of that fact.

5 (1) The Commissioner may not vary a notice of intent except as set out in sub-paragraph (2).

(2) The Commissioner may vary a notice of intent by extending the periodmentioned in paragraph 4(4)(f) or (g).

(3) Sub-paragraph (1) does not prevent the Commissioner from serving a newnotice of intent instead of varying such a notice.

(4) The Commissioner may cancel a notice of intent.

(5) A variation or cancellation of a notice of intent is effected by serving on theperson on whom the notice was served a notice setting out the variation orcancellation.

6 (1) The Commissioner must not serve a monetary penalty notice on a person inrespect of an interception if any notice of intent in respect of that interceptionwas served on the person more than 3 months earlier.

(2) But the Commissioner may serve a monetary penalty notice on a personwhere the service of the notice would otherwise be prevented by sub-paragraph (1) if the Commissioner—

(a) considers it reasonable to do so, and(b) includes the reasons for doing so in the monetary penalty notice.

Variation or cancellation of monetary penalty notices

7 (1) The Commissioner may vary or cancel a monetary penalty notice.

(2) But the Commissioner may not vary a monetary penalty notice in a way thatis detrimental to the person on whom it was served (whether by increasingthe amount of the monetary penalty, by reducing the period specified in thenotice as the period within which the penalty must be paid, by imposing anew enforcement obligation or making an existing enforcement obligationeffective earlier or otherwise more onerous, or otherwise).

(3) The Commissioner must— (a) in the case of a variation which reduces the amount of a monetary

penalty, repay any excess already paid in accordance with the notice,and

(b) in the case of a cancellation, repay any amount already paid inaccordance with the notice.

(4) A variation or cancellation of a monetary penalty notice is effected byserving on the person on whom the monetary penalty notice was served anotice setting out the variation or cancellation.

(5) The Commissioner may not serve another monetary penalty notice on aperson in respect of an interception if the Commissioner has cancelled aprevious notice served on the person in respect of the same interception.

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(6) If the Commissioner refuses a request by a person to vary or cancel amonetary penalty notice which has been served on the person, theCommissioner must inform the person of that fact.

Appeals in relation to monetary penalty notices

8 (1) A person on whom a monetary penalty notice is served may appeal to theFirst-tier Tribunal against—

(a) the monetary penalty notice or any provision of it, or(b) any refusal of a request by the person to serve a notice of variation or

cancellation in relation to the monetary penalty notice.

(2) Where there is an appeal under sub-paragraph (1)(a) in relation to amonetary penalty notice or any provision of it, any requirement in the noticeor (as the case may be) provision which does not relate to the imposition ofan enforcement obligation need not be complied with until the appeal iswithdrawn or finally determined.

(3) Sub-paragraphs (4) to (6) apply in relation to an appeal under sub-paragraph(1)(a).

(4) The First-tier Tribunal must allow the appeal or substitute such othermonetary penalty notice as could have been served by the Commissioner ifthe Tribunal considers—

(a) that the notice to which the appeal relates is not in accordance withthe law, or

(b) to the extent that the notice involved an exercise of discretion by theCommissioner, that the Commissioner ought to have exercised thediscretion differently.

(5) In any other case, the First-tier Tribunal must dismiss the appeal.

(6) The First-tier Tribunal may review any determination of fact on which thenotice was based.

(7) Sub-paragraphs (8) to (10) apply in relation to an appeal under sub-paragraph (1)(b).

(8) The First-tier Tribunal must direct the Commissioner to serve, on such termsas the Tribunal considers appropriate, a notice of variation or cancellation inrelation to the monetary penalty notice if the Tribunal considers that themonetary penalty notice ought to be varied or cancelled on those terms.

(9) In any other case, the First-tier Tribunal must dismiss the appeal.

(10) The First-tier Tribunal may review any determination of fact on which therefusal to serve the notice of variation or cancellation was based.

Enforcement of monetary penalty notices

9 (1) This paragraph applies in relation to any penalty payable to theCommissioner by virtue of a monetary penalty notice.

(2) In England and Wales or Northern Ireland, the penalty is recoverable— (a) if the county court in England and Wales or a county court in

Northern Ireland so orders, as if it were payable under an order ofthat court, and

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(b) if the High Court so orders, as if it were payable under an order ofthat court.

(3) In Scotland, the penalty is recoverable as if it were payable under an extractregistered decree arbitral bearing a warrant for execution issued by thesheriff for any sheriffdom in Scotland.

10 (1) A person on whom a monetary penalty notice containing an enforcementobligation is served must comply with the obligation.

(2) The duty imposed by sub-paragraph (1) is enforceable by civil proceedingsby the Commissioner for an injunction, or for specific performance of astatutory duty under section 45 of the Court of Session Act 1988, or for anyother appropriate relief.

Guidance

11 (1) The Commissioner must prepare and issue guidance on how theCommissioner proposes to exercise the Commissioner’s functions undersection 7 and this Schedule.

(2) The guidance must, in particular, deal with— (a) the manner in which the Commissioner is to deal with claims of a

description specified in the guidance which may give rise to groundsfor serving a monetary penalty notice,

(b) the circumstances in which the Commissioner would consider itappropriate to serve a monetary penalty notice,

(c) how the Commissioner will determine the amount of the penalty,and

(d) the circumstances in which the Commissioner would consider itappropriate to impose an enforcement obligation.

(3) The Commissioner may alter or replace the guidance.

(4) If the guidance is altered or replaced, the Commissioner must issue thealtered or replacement guidance.

(5) The Commissioner must arrange for the publication, in such form andmanner as the Commissioner considers appropriate, of any guidance issuedunder this paragraph.

Interpretation of Part 1

12 In this Part of this Schedule—“address” means—

(a) in the case of a registered company, the address of itsregistered office,

(b) in the case of a person (other than a registered company)carrying on a business, the address of the person’s principalplace of business in the United Kingdom, and

(c) in any other case, the person’s last known address;“the Commissioner” means the Investigatory Powers Commissioner;“enforcement obligation” has the meaning given by paragraph 3(2);“monetary penalty notice” means a monetary penalty notice under

section 7;

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“notice” means notice in writing;“notice of intent” has the meaning given by paragraph 4(3);“registered company” means a company registered under the

enactments relating to companies for the time being in force in theUnited Kingdom.

PART 2

INFORMATION PROVISIONS

Information notices

13 (1) The Commissioner may by notice (an “information notice”) request anyperson on whom the Commissioner is considering whether to serve a Part 1notice of intent or a Part 1 monetary penalty notice to provide suchinformation as the Commissioner reasonably requires for the purpose ofdeciding whether to serve it.

(2) Where the Commissioner requests that documents be produced, theCommissioner may take copies of, or extracts from, any document soproduced.

(3) An information notice must— (a) specify or describe the information to be provided,(b) specify the manner in which, and the period within which, the

information is to be provided,(c) state that the Commissioner considers that the information is

information which the Commissioner reasonably requires for thepurpose of deciding whether to serve a Part 1 notice of intent or (asthe case may be) a Part 1 monetary penalty notice,

(d) state the Commissioner’s grounds for this view, and(e) provide details of the rights of appeal under paragraph 15 in respect

of the information notice.

(4) For the purposes of sub-paragraph (3)(b)— (a) specifying the manner in which the information is to be provided

may include specifying the form in which it is to be provided, and(b) the specified period within which the information is to be provided

must not be less than 28 days beginning with the day after the day onwhich the information notice is served.

14 (1) The Commissioner may not vary an information notice except as set out insub-paragraph (2).

(2) The Commissioner may vary an information notice by extending the periodwithin which the information is to be provided if the person on whom thenotice is served appeals under paragraph 15 in relation to the notice.

(3) Sub-paragraph (1) does not prevent the Commissioner from serving a newinformation notice instead of varying such a notice.

(4) The Commissioner may cancel an information notice.

(5) A variation or cancellation of an information notice is effected by serving onthe person on whom the notice was served a notice setting out the variationor cancellation.

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Appeals in relation to information notices

15 (1) A person on whom an information notice is served may appeal to the First-tier Tribunal against—

(a) the information notice or any provision of it, or(b) any refusal of a request by the person to serve a notice of variation or

cancellation in relation to the information notice.

(2) Subject to paragraph 14(2), an appeal under this paragraph does not affectthe need to comply with the information notice while the appeal has notbeen withdrawn or finally determined.

(3) Sub-paragraphs (4) to (6) apply in relation to an appeal under sub-paragraph(1)(a).

(4) The First-tier Tribunal must allow the appeal or substitute such otherinformation notice as could have been served by the Commissioner if theTribunal considers—

(a) that the notice to which the appeal relates is not in accordance withthe law, or

(b) to the extent that the notice involved an exercise of discretion by theCommissioner, that the Commissioner ought to have exercised thediscretion differently.

(5) In any other case, the First-tier Tribunal must dismiss the appeal.

(6) The First-tier Tribunal may review any determination of fact on which thenotice was based.

(7) Sub-paragraphs (8) to (10) apply in relation to an appeal under sub-paragraph (1)(b).

(8) The First-tier Tribunal must direct the Commissioner to issue, on such termsas the Tribunal considers appropriate, a notice of variation or cancellation inrelation to the information notice if the Tribunal considers that theinformation notice ought to be varied or cancelled on those terms.

(9) In any other case, the First-tier Tribunal must dismiss the appeal.

(10) The First-tier Tribunal may review any determination of fact on which therefusal to serve the notice of variation or cancellation was based.

Enforcement of information notices

16 (1) The Commissioner may serve a Part 2 monetary penalty notice on a personif the person—

(a) without reasonable excuse fails to comply with an informationnotice, or

(b) knowingly or recklessly gives any information which is false in amaterial particular in response to an information notice.

(2) A Part 2 monetary penalty notice is a notice requiring the person on whomit is served to pay to the Commissioner a monetary penalty of an amountdetermined by the Commissioner and specified in the notice.

(3) The amount of a monetary penalty determined by the Commissioner underthis paragraph may be—

(a) a fixed amount,

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(b) an amount calculated by reference to a daily rate, or(c) a fixed amount and an amount calculated by reference to a daily rate.

(4) But the total amount payable must not exceed £10,000.

(5) In the case of an amount calculated by reference to a daily rate— (a) no account is to be taken of the day on which the Part 2 monetary

penalty notice is served or any day before that day, and(b) the Part 2 monetary penalty notice must specify—

(i) the day on which the amount first starts to accumulate andthe circumstances in which it is to cease to accumulate, and

(ii) the period or periods within which the amount, or any partor parts so far accumulated, must be paid to theCommissioner.

Any period falling within paragraph (b)(ii) must not be less than 28 daysbeginning with the day after the day on which the notice is served.

17 (1) Part 1 of this Schedule applies in relation to a Part 2 monetary penalty noticeand the penalty that relates to that notice as it applies in relation to a Part 1monetary penalty notice and the penalty that relates to that notice.This is subject to the following modifications.

(2) The provisions in Part 1 of this Schedule so far as relating to enforcementobligations do not apply in relation to a Part 2 monetary penalty notice.

(3) Paragraph 4 has effect in relation to a Part 2 monetary penalty notice as if insub-paragraph (6)(b) the reference to making representations about mattersfalling within sub-paragraph (6)(b)(i) or (ii) were a reference to makingrepresentations about matters falling within sub-paragraph (6)(b)(ii) only.

(4) Paragraph 6 has effect in relation to a Part 2 monetary penalty notice as if thereferences in sub-paragraph (1) to an interception were references toconduct falling within paragraph 16(1)(a) or (b).

(5) Paragraph 7(5) has effect in relation to a Part 2 monetary penalty notice as ifthe references to an interception were references to conduct falling withinparagraph 16(1)(a) or (b).

Technical assistance for the Commissioner

18 (1) OFCOM must comply with any reasonable request made by theCommissioner, in connection with the Commissioner’s functions undersection 7 and this Schedule, for advice on technical and similar mattersrelating to electronic communications.

(2) For this purpose, the Commissioner may disclose to OFCOM anyinformation obtained by the Commissioner under this Schedule.

(3) In this paragraph “OFCOM” means the Office of Communicationsestablished by section 1 of the Office of Communications Act 2002.

Interpretation of Part 2

19 In this Part of this Schedule—“the Commissioner” means the Investigatory Powers Commissioner;“enforcement obligation” has the meaning given by paragraph 3(2);

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“information” includes documents; and any reference to providing orgiving information includes a reference to producing a document;

“information notice” has the meaning given by paragraph 13(1);“notice” means notice in writing;“Part 1 monetary penalty notice” means a monetary penalty notice

under section 7;“Part 1 notice of intent” means a notice of intent (within the meaning of

paragraph 4(3)) relating to a Part 1 monetary penalty notice;“Part 2 monetary penalty notice” means a monetary penalty notice

under paragraph 16.

SCHEDULE 2 Section 12(1)

ABOLITION OF DISCLOSURE POWERS

Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974

1 In section 20 of the Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974 (powers ofinspectors), at end, insert—

“(9) Nothing in this section is to be read as enabling an inspector to securethe disclosure by a telecommunications operator or postal operatorof communications data without the consent of the operator.

(10) In subsection (9) “communications data”, “postal operator” and“telecommunications operator” have the same meanings as in theInvestigatory Powers Act 2016 (see sections 261 and 262 of that Act).”

Criminal Justice Act 1987

2 In section 2 of the Criminal Justice Act 1987 (investigation powers ofDirector of Serious Fraud Office), after subsection (10), insert—

“(10A) Nothing in this section is to be read as enabling a person to secure thedisclosure by a telecommunications operator or postal operator ofcommunications data without the consent of the operator.

(10B) In subsection (10A) “communications data”, “postal operator” and“telecommunications operator” have the same meanings as in theInvestigatory Powers Act 2016 (see sections 261 and 262 of that Act).”

Consumer Protection Act 1987

3 In section 29 of the Consumer Protection Act 1987 (powers of search etc.), atend, insert—

“(8) The officer may not exercise a power under this section to secure thedisclosure by a telecommunications operator or postal operator ofcommunications data without the consent of the operator.

(9) In subsection (8) “communications data”, “postal operator” and“telecommunications operator” have the same meanings as in theInvestigatory Powers Act 2016 (see sections 261 and 262 of that Act).”

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Environmental Protection Act 1990

4 In section 71 of the Environmental Protection Act 1990 (obtaining ofinformation from persons and authorities), at end, insert—

“(5) Nothing in this section is to be read as enabling a person to secure thedisclosure by a telecommunications operator or postal operator ofcommunications data without the consent of the operator.

(6) In subsection (5) “communications data”, “postal operator” and“telecommunications operator” have the same meanings as in theInvestigatory Powers Act 2016 (see sections 261 and 262 of that Act).”

Social Security Administration Act 1992

5 In section 109B of the Social Security Administration Act 1992 (power torequire information)—

(a) in subsection (2A) omit paragraph (j),(b) in subsection (2E) for the words from “for” to the end of the

subsection substitute “so as to secure the disclosure by atelecommunications operator or postal operator of communicationsdata without the consent of the operator.”,

(c) omit subsection (2F), and(d) in subsection (7)—

(i) after the definition of “bank” insert—““communications data” has the same meaning as in the

Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (see sections 261 and262 of that Act);”,

(ii) after the definition of “insurer” insert—““postal operator” has the same meaning as in the

Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (see section 262 of thatAct);”, and

(iii) for the definition of “telecommunications service”substitute—

““telecommunications operator” has the same meaningas in the Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (see section261 of that Act).”

6 In section 109C of the Social Security Administration Act 1992 (powers ofentry) for subsection (6) substitute—

“(6) Subsections (2E) and (5) of section 109B apply for the purposes of thissection as they apply for the purposes of that section.”

Social Security Administration (Northern Ireland) Act 1992

7 In section 103B of the Social Security Administration (Northern Ireland) Act1992 (power to require information)—

(a) in subsection (2A) omit paragraph (i),(b) in subsection (2E) for the words from “for” to the end of the

subsection substitute “so as to secure the disclosure by atelecommunications operator or postal operator of communicationsdata without the consent of the operator.”,

(c) omit subsection (2F), and

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(d) in subsection (7)—(i) after the definition of “bank” insert—

““communications data” has the same meaning as in theInvestigatory Powers Act 2016 (see sections 261 and262 of that Act);”,

(ii) after the definition of “insurer” insert—““postal operator” has the same meaning as in the

Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (see section 262 of thatAct);”, and

(iii) for the definition of “telecommunications service”substitute—

““telecommunications operator” has the same meaningas in the Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (see section261 of that Act).”

8 In section 103C of the Social Security Administration (Northern Ireland) Act1992 (powers of entry) for subsection (6) substitute—

“(6) Subsections (2E) and (5) of section 103B apply for the purposes of thissection as they apply for the purposes of that section.”

Financial Services and Markets Act 2000

9 In section 175 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (informationgathering and investigations: supplemental provision), after subsection (5),insert—

“(5A) Nothing in this Part is to be read as enabling a person to secure thedisclosure by a telecommunications operator or postal operator ofcommunications data without the consent of the operator.

(5B) In subsection (5A) “communications data”, “postal operator” and“telecommunications operator” have the same meanings as in theInvestigatory Powers Act 2016 (see sections 261 and 262 of that Act).”

Finance Act 2008

10 In Schedule 36 to the Finance Act 2008 (information and inspection powers),in paragraph 19 (restrictions on powers: types of information), at end,insert—

“(4) An information notice does not require a telecommunicationsoperator or postal operator to provide or producecommunications data.

(5) In sub-paragraph (4) “communications data”, “postal operator”and “telecommunications operator” have the same meanings as inthe Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (see sections 261 and 262 of thatAct).”

Prevention of Social Housing Fraud (Power to Require Information) (England) Regulations 2014 (S.I. 2014/899)

11 In regulation 4 of the Prevention of Social Housing Fraud (Power to RequireInformation) (England) Regulations 2014 (power to require informationfrom persons who provide telecommunications services etc.)—

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(a) omit sub-paragraph (f) of paragraph (3),(b) in sub-paragraph (g) of that paragraph for “(f)” substitute “(e)”,(c) omit paragraphs (6) and (7),(d) after paragraph (10) insert—

“(10A) Nothing in this regulation is to be read as enabling a personto secure the disclosure by a telecommunications operator orpostal operator of communications data without the consentof the operator.”, and

(e) in paragraph (11)—(i) after the definition of “bank” insert—

““communications data” has the same meaning as in theInvestigatory Powers Act 2016 (see sections 261 and 262of that Act);”,

(ii) after the definition of “family” insert—““postal operator” has the same meaning as in the

Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (see section 262 of thatAct);”, and

(iii) for the definition of “telecommunications service”substitute—

““telecommunications operator” has the same meaning asin the Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (see section 261 ofthat Act).”

SCHEDULE 3 Section 56

EXCEPTIONS TO SECTION 56

Introductory

1 This Schedule contains— (a) exceptions to the exclusion by section 56(1) of certain matters from

legal proceedings, and(b) limitations on those exceptions where that exclusion will still apply.

Disclosures of lawfully intercepted communications

2 (1) Section 56(1)(a) does not prohibit the disclosure of any content of acommunication, or any secondary data obtained from a communication, ifthe interception of that communication was lawful by virtue of any of thefollowing provisions—

(a) sections 6(1)(c) and 44 to 52;(b) sections 1(5)(c), 3 and 4 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act

2000;(c) section 1(2)(b) and (3) of the Interception of Communications Act

1985.

(2) Where any disclosure is proposed to be, or has been, made on the groundsthat it is authorised by sub-paragraph (1), section 56(1) does not prohibit thedoing of anything in, or for the purposes of, so much of any proceedings asrelates to the question whether that disclosure is or was so authorised.

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Disclosures of convictions for certain offences

3 Section 56(1)(b) does not prohibit the doing of anything that discloses anyconduct of a person for which that person has been convicted of—

(a) an offence under section 3(1), 43(7), 59 or 155,(b) an offence under section 1(1) or (2), 11(7) or 19 of the Regulation of

Investigatory Powers Act 2000, or(c) an offence under section 1 of the Interception of Communications

Act 1985.

Proceedings before the Investigatory Powers Tribunal etc.

4 Section 56(1) does not apply in relation to— (a) any proceedings before the Investigatory Powers Tribunal,(b) any proceedings on an appeal under section 67A of the Regulation of

Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (appeal against decisions of theTribunal etc.), or

(c) any proceedings arising out of such an appeal.

Proceedings before Special Immigration Appeals Commission

5 (1) Section 56(1) does not apply in relation to— (a) any proceedings before the Special Immigration Appeals

Commission, or(b) any proceedings arising out of proceedings before that Commission.

(2) But sub-paragraph (1) does not permit the disclosure of anything to—(a) the appellant or (as the case may be) applicant to the Special

Immigration Appeals Commission, or(b) any person who—

(i) represents that appellant or applicant for the purposes of theproceedings, and

(ii) does so otherwise than by virtue of appointment undersection 6 of the Special Immigration Appeals CommissionAct 1997.

Proceedings before Proscribed Organisations Appeal Commission

6 (1) Section 56(1) does not apply in relation to— (a) any proceedings before the Proscribed Organisations Appeal

Commission, or(b) any proceedings arising out of proceedings before that Commission.

(2) But sub-paragraph (1) does not permit the disclosure of anything to any ofthe following—

(a) the applicant to the Commission;(b) the organisation concerned (if different);(c) any person designated under paragraph 6 of Schedule 3 to the

Terrorism Act 2000 to conduct the proceedings on behalf of thatorganisation;

(d) any person who— (i) represents that appellant or that organisation for the

purposes of the proceedings, and

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(ii) does so otherwise than by virtue of an appointment underparagraph 7 of that Schedule.

Closed material proceedings

7 (1) Section 56(1) does not apply in relation to any section 6 proceedings withinthe meaning given by section 14(1) of the Justice and Security Act 2013(certain civil proceedings in which closed material applications may bemade).

(2) But sub-paragraph (1) does not permit a prohibited section 6 disclosure.

(3) In the case of section 6 proceedings where the only relevant person is theSecretary of State, a “prohibited section 6 disclosure” means a disclosure ofanything to—

(a) any person, other than the Secretary of State, who is or was a partyto the proceedings, or

(b) any person who— (i) represents such a person for the purposes of the proceedings,

and(ii) does so otherwise than by virtue of appointment as a special

advocate.

(4) In the case of section 6 proceedings where the Secretary of State is not theonly relevant person, or is not a relevant person but is a party to theproceedings, a “prohibited section 6 disclosure” means a disclosure ofanything to—

(a) any person, other than the relevant person concerned or theSecretary of State, who is or was a party to the proceedings, or

(b) any person who— (i) represents a person within paragraph (a) for the purposes of

the proceedings, and(ii) does so otherwise than by virtue of appointment as a special

advocate.

(5) In this paragraph “relevant person”, in relation to section 6 proceedings, hasthe meaning given by section 14(1) of the Justice and Security Act 2013.

TPIM proceedings

8 (1) Section 56(1) does not apply in relation to— (a) any TPIM proceedings, or(b) any proceedings arising out of any TPIM proceedings.

(2) But sub-paragraph (1) does not permit the disclosure of anything to— (a) any person, other than the Secretary of State, who is or was a party

to the proceedings, or(b) any person who—

(i) represents such a person for the purposes of the proceedings,and

(ii) does so otherwise than by virtue of appointment as a specialadvocate under Schedule 4 to the Terrorism Prevention andInvestigation Measures Act 2011.

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(3) In this paragraph “TPIM proceedings” has the same meaning as in theTerrorism Prevention and Investigation Measures Act 2011.

TEO proceedings

9 (1) Section 56(1) does not apply in relation to— (a) any TEO proceedings, or(b) any proceedings arising out of any TEO proceedings.

(2) But sub-paragraph (1) does not permit the disclosure of anything to— (a) any person, other than the Secretary of State, who is or was a party

to the proceedings, or(b) any person who—

(i) represents such a person for the purposes of the proceedings,and

(ii) does so otherwise than by virtue of appointment as a specialadvocate under Schedule 3 to the Counter-Terrorism andSecurity Act 2015.

(3) In this paragraph “TEO proceedings” has the meaning given by paragraph1 of Schedule 3 to the Counter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015 (temporaryexclusion orders: proceedings).

Proceedings relating to freezing of terrorist assets etc.

10 (1) Section 56(1) does not apply in relation to— (a) any financial restrictions proceedings, or(b) any proceedings arising out of such proceedings.

(2) In this paragraph “financial restrictions proceedings” has the meaning givenby section 65 of the Counter-Terrorism Act 2008.

11 Section 56(1) does not apply in relation to any proceedings— (a) on an appeal under section 26, or an application under section 27, of

the Terrorist Asset-Freezing etc. Act 2010 (appeals and reviews bythe court), or

(b) on a claim arising from any matter to which such an appeal orapplication relates,

or any proceedings arising out of such proceedings.

12 But neither paragraph 10 nor paragraph 11 permits the disclosure ofanything to—

(a) any person, other than the Treasury, who is or was a party to theproceedings, or

(b) any person who— (i) represents such a person for the purposes of the proceedings,

and(ii) does so otherwise than by virtue of appointment as a special

advocate.

Proceedings relating to release of prisoners etc. in Northern Ireland

13 (1) Section 56(1) does not apply in relation to—(a) any proceedings before—

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243

(i) the Parole Commissioners for Northern Ireland, or(ii) any Sentence Review Commissioners appointed under

section 1 of the Northern Ireland (Sentences) Act 1998, or(b) any proceedings arising out of such proceedings.

(2) But sub-paragraph (1) does not permit the disclosure of anything to—(a) any person, other than the Secretary of State, who is or was a party

to the proceedings, or(b) any person who—

(i) represents such a person for the purposes of the proceedings,and

(ii) does so otherwise than by virtue of appointment as a specialadvocate.

Employment or industrial tribunal proceedings

14 (1) Section 56(1) does not apply in relation to any proceedings before anemployment tribunal where the applicant, or the applicant’srepresentatives, are excluded for all or part of the proceedings pursuant to—

(a) a direction to the tribunal by virtue of section 10(5)(b) or (c) of theEmployment Tribunals Act 1996 (exclusion from Crownemployment proceedings by direction of Minister in interests ofnational security), or

(b) a determination of the tribunal by virtue of section 10(6) of that Act(determination by tribunal in interests of national security).

(2) Section 56(1) does not apply in relation to any proceedings before anindustrial tribunal in Northern Ireland where the applicant, or theapplicant’s representatives, are excluded for all or part of the proceedingspursuant to—

(a) a direction to the tribunal by virtue of Article 12(5)(b) or (c) of theIndustrial Tribunals (Northern Ireland) Order 1996 (S.I. 1996/1921(N.I. 18)) (exclusion from Crown employment proceedings bydirection of Minister in interests of national security), or

(b) a determination of the tribunal by virtue of Article 12(6) of that Order(determination by tribunal in interests of national security).

(3) Section 56(1) does not apply in relation to any proceedings arising out ofproceedings within sub-paragraph (1) or (2).

15 But paragraph 14 does not permit the disclosure of anything to—(a) the person who is or was the applicant in the proceedings before the

employment or industrial tribunal, or(b) any person who—

(i) represents that person for the purposes of any proceedingswithin paragraph 14, and

(ii) does so otherwise than by virtue of appointment as a specialadvocate.

Proceedings relating to dismissal for certain offences

16 Section 56(1) does not prohibit anything done in, for the purposes of, or inconnection with, so much of any legal proceedings as relates to the fairnessor unfairness of a dismissal on the following grounds—

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(a) any conduct constituting an offence under section 3(1), 43(7), 59 or155;

(b) any conduct taking place before the coming into force of thisparagraph and constituting—

(i) an offence under section 1(1) or (2), 11(7) or 19 of theRegulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000, or

(ii) an offence under section 1 of the Interception ofCommunications Act 1985.

Proceedings on appeals relating to claims of discrimination in Northern Ireland

17 (1) Section 56(1) does not apply in relation to any proceedings on an appealunder Article 80(2) of the Fair Employment and Treatment (NorthernIreland) Order 1998 (S.I. 1998/3162 (N.I. 21)) where—

(a) the appeal relates to a claim of discrimination in contravention ofPart 3 of that Order (employment cases) and to a certificate of theSecretary of State that the act concerned was justified for the purposeof safeguarding national security, and

(b) a party to the appeal, or the party’s representatives, are excluded forall or part of the proceedings by virtue of section 91(4)(b) of theNorthern Ireland Act 1998.

(2) Section 56(1) does not apply in relation to any proceedings arising out ofproceedings within sub-paragraph (1).

18 But paragraph 17 does not permit the disclosure of anything to— (a) any person who is or was excluded from all or part of the

proceedings mentioned in paragraph 17(1), or(b) any person who—

(i) represents such a person for the purposes of any proceedingswithin paragraph 17, and

(ii) does so otherwise than by virtue of appointment as a specialadvocate.

Civil proceedings for enforcement of duty to assist with implementation of warrants

19 Section 56(1) does not apply in relation to any civil proceedings undersection 43(8) of this Act or section 11(8) of the Regulation of InvestigatoryPowers Act 2000 (enforcement of duty of operators to assist withimplementation of warrants).

Proceedings for certain offences

20 (1) Section 56(1) does not apply in relation to any proceedings for a relevantoffence.

(2) “Relevant offence” means— (a) an offence under any provision of this Act;(b) an offence under section 1 of the Interception of Communications

Act 1985;(c) an offence under any provision of the Regulation of Investigatory

Powers Act 2000;(d) an offence under section 47 or 48 of the Wireless Telegraphy Act

2006;

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(e) an offence under section 83 or 84 of the Postal Services Act 2000;(f) an offence under section 4 of the Official Secrets Act 1989 relating to

any such information, document or article as is mentioned insubsection (3)(a) or (c) of that section;

(g) an offence under section 1 or 2 of the Official Secrets Act 1911 relatingto any sketch, plan, model, article, note, document or informationwhich—

(i) incorporates, or relates to, the content of any interceptedcommunication or any secondary data obtained from acommunication, or

(ii) tends to suggest that any interception-related conduct has ormay have occurred or may be going to occur;

(h) an offence of perjury committed in the course of any relevantproceedings;

(i) an offence of attempting or conspiring to commit an offence fallingwithin any of paragraphs (a) to (h);

(j) an offence under Part 2 of the Serious Crime Act 2007 in relation toan offence falling within any of those paragraphs;

(k) an offence of aiding, abetting, counselling or procuring thecommission of an offence falling within any of those paragraphs;

(l) contempt of court committed in the course of, or in relation to, anyrelevant proceedings.

(3) In this paragraph— “intercepted communication” and “interception-related conduct” have

the same meaning as in section 56;“relevant proceedings” means any proceedings mentioned in

paragraphs 4 to 19.

Disclosures to prosecutors and judges

21 (1) Nothing in section 56(1) prohibits— (a) a disclosure to a person (“P”) conducting a criminal prosecution that

is made for the purpose only of enabling P to determine what isrequired of P by P’s duty to secure the fairness of the prosecution, or

(b) a disclosure to a relevant judge in a case in which the judge hasordered the disclosure to be made to the judge alone.

(2) A relevant judge may order a disclosure under sub-paragraph (1)(b) only ifthe judge considers that the exceptional circumstances of the case make thedisclosure essential in the interests of justice.

(3) Where in any criminal proceedings— (a) a relevant judge orders a disclosure under sub-paragraph (1)(b), and(b) in consequence of that disclosure, the judge considers that there are

exceptional circumstances requiring the judge to make a directionunder this sub-paragraph,

the judge may direct the person conducting the prosecution to make for thepurposes of the proceedings any admission of fact which the judge considersessential in the interests of justice.

(4) But nothing in any direction under sub-paragraph (3) may authorise orrequire anything to be done in contravention of section 56(1).

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(5) In this paragraph “relevant judge” means— (a) any judge of the High Court or of the Crown Court or any Circuit

judge,(b) any judge of the High Court of Justiciary or any sheriff,(c) in relation to proceedings before the Court Martial, the judge

advocate for those proceedings, or(d) any person holding a judicial office that entitles the person to

exercise the jurisdiction of a judge falling within paragraph (a) or (b).

Disclosures to inquiries and inquests

22 (1) Nothing in section 56(1) prohibits— (a) a disclosure to the panel of an inquiry held under the Inquiries Act

2005, or(b) a disclosure to a person appointed as legal adviser to such an inquiry,

where, in the course of the inquiry, the panel has ordered the disclosure tobe made to the panel alone or (as the case may be) to the panel and anyperson appointed as legal adviser to the inquiry.

(2) The panel of an inquiry may order a disclosure under sub-paragraph (1)only if it considers that the exceptional circumstances of the case make thedisclosure essential to enable the inquiry to fulfil its terms of reference.

(3) Any reference in this paragraph to a person appointed as legal adviser to aninquiry is a reference to a person appointed as solicitor or counsel to theinquiry.

23 (1) Section 56(1) does not apply in relation to any restricted proceedings of aninquiry held under the Inquiries Act 2005.

(2) Proceedings of an inquiry held under that Act are “restricted proceedings”for the purposes of this paragraph if restrictions imposed under section 19of that Act are in force prohibiting attendance at the proceedings by anyperson who is not—

(a) a member of the panel of the inquiry,(b) a person appointed as legal adviser to the inquiry,(c) a person who is a relevant party to the proceedings,(d) a person representing such a person for the purposes of the

proceedings, or(e) a person performing functions necessary for the proper functioning

of the proceedings.

(3) But sub-paragraph (1) does not permit any disclosure which has not beenmade in accordance with paragraph 22(1).

(4) In this paragraph “relevant party”, in relation to any proceedings of aninquiry, means—

(a) any person making a disclosure to the panel of the inquiry, or to aperson appointed as legal adviser to the inquiry, in accordance withparagraph 22(1);

(b) any person giving evidence to the inquiry in circumstances where, inthe absence of sub-paragraph (1), the prohibition imposed by section56(1) would be breached;

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247

(c) any person whose conduct is the interception-related conduct(within the meaning of section 56) to which the disclosure orevidence relates (whether or not that conduct has in fact occurred);

(d) any other person to whom the subject-matter of the disclosure orevidence has been lawfully disclosed in accordance with section 58.

(5) Any reference in this paragraph to a person appointed as legal adviser to aninquiry is to be read in accordance with paragraph 22(3).

24 (1) Nothing in section 56(1) prohibits— (a) a disclosure to a person (the “nominated person”) nominated under

paragraph 3(1) of Schedule 10 to the Coroners and Justice Act 2009(investigation by judge or former judge) to conduct an investigationinto a person’s death, or

(b) a disclosure to a person appointed as legal adviser to an inquestforming part of an investigation conducted by the nominated person,

where, in the course of the investigation, the nominated person has orderedthe disclosure to be made to the nominated person alone or (as the case maybe) to the nominated person and any person appointed as legal adviser tothe inquest.

(2) The nominated person may order a disclosure under sub-paragraph (1) onlyif the person considers that the exceptional circumstances of the case makethe disclosure essential in the interests of justice.

(3) In a case where a person who is not a nominated person is or has beenconducting an investigation under Part 1 of the Coroners and Justice Act2009 into a person’s death, nothing in section 56(1) prohibits—

(a) a disclosure to the person that there is intercepted material inexistence which is, or may be, relevant to the investigation;

(b) a disclosure to a person appointed as legal adviser to an inquestforming part of the investigation which is made for the purposes ofdetermining—

(i) whether any intercepted material is, or may be, relevant tothe investigation, and

(ii) if so, whether it is necessary for the material to be disclosedto the person conducting the investigation.

(4) In sub-paragraph (3) “intercepted material” means—(a) any content of an intercepted communication (within the meaning of

section 56), or(b) any secondary data obtained from a communication.

(5) Any reference in this paragraph to a person appointed as legal adviser to aninquest is a reference to a person appointed as solicitor or counsel to theinquest.

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SCHEDULE 4 Section 70(1)

RELEVANT PUBLIC AUTHORITIES AND DESIGNATED SENIOR OFFICERS ETC.

PART 1

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES AND OFFICERS ETC.

Table

(1)Relevant public authority

(2)DSO: minimum office, rank or

position

(3)Type of communications data that may be obtained

by DSO

(4)Paragraphs of section 61(7)

specified for DSO

Police force maintained undersection 2 of the Police Act1996

Inspector Entity data (a), (b), (c), (d),(e), (g) and (i)

Superintendent All (a), (b), (c), (d),(e), (g) and (i)

Metropolitan police force Inspector Entity data (a), (b), (c), (d),(e), (g) and (i)

Superintendent All (a), (b), (c), (d),(e), (g) and (i)

City of London police force Inspector Entity data (a), (b), (c), (d),(e), (g) and (i)

Superintendent All (a), (b), (c), (d),(e), (g) and (i)

Police Service of Scotland Inspector Entity data (a), (b), (c), (d),(e), (g) and (i)

Superintendent All (a), (b), (c), (d),(e), (g) and (i)

Police Service of NorthernIreland

Inspector Entity data (a), (b), (c), (d),(e), (g) and (i)

Superintendent All (a), (b), (c), (d),(e), (g) and (i)

British Transport Police Force Inspector Entity data (a), (b), (c), (d),(e), (g) and (i)

Superintendent All (a), (b), (c), (d),(e), (g) and (i)

Ministry of Defence Police Inspector Entity data (a), (b), (c) and(g)

Superintendent All (a), (b), (c) and(g)

Royal Navy Police Lieutenant Commander Entity data (a), (b), (c) and(g)

Commander All (a), (b), (c) and(g)

Royal Military Police Major Entity data (a), (b), (c) and(g)

Lieutenant Colonel All (a), (b), (c) and(g)

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249

Royal Air Force Police Squadron Leader Entity data (a), (b), (c) and(g)

Wing Commander All (a), (b), (c) and(g)

Security Service General Duties 4 or any otherlevel 4 officer

Entity data (a), (b) and (c)

General Duties 3 or any otherlevel 3 officer

All (a), (b) and (c)

Secret Intelligence Service Grade 6 All (a), (b) and (c)

GCHQ GC8 All (a), (b) and (c)

Ministry of Defence Member of the Senior CivilService or equivalent

All (a)

Grade 7 in the Fraud DefenceUnit

All (b)

Department of Health Grade 7 in the Medicines andHealthcare ProductsRegulatory Agency

All (b), (d) and (e)

Grade 7 in the Anti-FraudUnit

All (b)

Home Office Immigration inspector orequivalent with responsibilityfor investigations or otherfunctions relating toimmigration and bordersecurity

All (b)

Immigration inspector orequivalent with responsibilityfor anti-corruption in relationto investigations or otherfunctions relating toimmigration and bordersecurity

All (b)

Immigration inspector orequivalent with responsibilityfor asylum fraudinvestigations

All (b)

Immigration inspector orequivalent with responsibilityfor security and intelligencein the immigration detentionestate

All (b), (d) and (i)

Ministry of Justice Manager in the securitygroup of the NationalOffender ManagementService responsible forintelligence

Entity data (b) and (d)

Senior manager in thesecurity group of the NationalOffender ManagementService responsible forintelligence

All (b) and (d)

National Crime Agency Grade 3 Entity data (b), (g) and (i)

Grade 2 All (b), (g) and (i)

(1)Relevant public authority

(2)DSO: minimum office, rank or

position

(3)Type of communications data that may be obtained

by DSO

(4)Paragraphs of section 61(7)

specified for DSO

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250

Her Majesty’s Revenue andCustoms

Higher officer Entity data (b) and (f)

Senior officer All (b) and (f)

Department for Transport Enforcement Officer inMaritime and CoastguardAgency

Entity data (b) and (d)

Head of Enforcement inMaritime and CoastguardAgency

All (b) and (d)

Maritime OperationsCommander (grade 7) in theMaritime and CoastguardAgency

All (g)

Principal Inspector in the AirAccident InvestigationBranch, the Marine AccidentInvestigation Branch or theRail Accident InvestigationBranch

All (d)

Department for Work andPensions

Senior Executive Officer inFraud and Error Services

All (b)

Senior Executive Officer inthe Child Maintenance GroupCentral Legal Services

All (b)

An ambulance trust inEngland

Duty Manager of AmbulanceTrust Control Rooms

All (g)

Common Services Agency forthe Scottish Health Service

Head of Counter FraudServices

All (b)

Competition and MarketsAuthority

Member of the Senior CivilService with responsibility forcartels or criminalenforcement

All (b)

Criminal Cases ReviewCommission

Investigations Adviser All (h)

Department for Communitiesin Northern Ireland

Deputy Principal All (b)

Department for the Economyin Northern Ireland

Deputy chief inspector intrading standards services

All (b)

Department of Justice inNorthern Ireland

Governor 4 in the NorthernIreland Prison Service

All (b), (d) and (i)

Financial Conduct Authority Head of department in theEnforcement and MarketOversight Division

All (b) and (j)

A fire and rescue authorityunder the Fire and RescueServices Act 2004

Watch Manager (Control) All (g)

Food Standards Agency Grade 6 All (b)

Food Standards Scotland Head of the Scottish FoodCrime and Incidents Unit

All (b)

Gambling Commission Senior manager All (b)

(1)Relevant public authority

(2)DSO: minimum office, rank or

position

(3)Type of communications data that may be obtained

by DSO

(4)Paragraphs of section 61(7)

specified for DSO

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251

PART 2

INTERPRETATION OF TABLE

1 In the table in Part 1 of this Schedule—“ambulance trust in England” means—

(a) an NHS trust all or most of whose hospitals, establishmentsand facilities are in England and which provides ambulanceservices, or

(b) an NHS foundation trust which provides such services,“entity data” means any communications data which is entity data.

Gangmasters and LabourAbuse Authority

Head of operations All (b)

Health and Safety Executive Band 1 inspector All (b), (d) and (e)

Independent PoliceComplaints Commission

Deputy Chair or Director All (b) and (i)

Information Commissioner Group Manager Entity data (b)

Head of enforcement or anequivalent grade

All (b)

National Health ServiceBusiness Services Authority

Senior manager (of pay band8b) in the Counter Fraud andSecurity ManagementServices Division

All (b)

Northern Ireland AmbulanceService Health and SocialCare Trust

Watch Manager (Control) All (g)

Northern Ireland Fire andRescue Service Board

Watch Manager (Control) All (g)

Northern Ireland Health andSocial Care Regional BusinessServices Organisation

Assistant Director CounterFraud and Probity Services

All (b)

Office of Communications Senior associate All (b)

Office of the PoliceOmbudsman for NorthernIreland

Senior investigating officer All (b)

Police Investigations andReview Commissioner

Commissioner or Director ofOperations

All (b) and (i)

Scottish Ambulance ServiceBoard

Watch Manager (Control) All (g)

Scottish Criminal CasesReview Commission

Investigations Adviser All (h)

Serious Fraud Office Grade 6 All (b)

Welsh Ambulance ServicesNational Health Service Trust

Watch Manager (Control) All (g)

(1)Relevant public authority

(2)DSO: minimum office, rank or

position

(3)Type of communications data that may be obtained

by DSO

(4)Paragraphs of section 61(7)

specified for DSO

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SCHEDULE 5 Section 83(5)

TRANSFER AND AGENCY ARRANGEMENTS WITH PUBLIC AUTHORITIES: FURTHER PROVISIONS

Particular safeguards in connection with operation of section 69

1 (1) The following provisions apply where the functions of the Secretary of Stateunder section 67 are exercisable by a public authority by virtue ofregulations under section 83(1).

(2) The measures adopted or arrangements made by the public authority for thepurpose of complying with the requirements of section 69 must be such asare approved by the Secretary of State.

(3) Any report required by section 69(6)(b) or (8) must be made to the Secretaryof State as well as to the Investigatory Powers Commissioner.

Requirement for public authority to provide reports to Secretary of State

2 (1) A public authority, when exercising functions by virtue of regulations undersection 83(1), must at least once in each calendar year make a report to theSecretary of State on—

(a) the discharge of the functions, and(b) such other matters as the Secretary of State may by regulations

require.

(2) Regulations under section 83(1) may, in particular, modify sub-paragraph(1) as it has effect in relation to the calendar year in which the regulationscome into force or are revoked.

(3) The Secretary of State may agree to a report under this paragraph beingcombined with any other report which the public authority concerned isrequired to, or may, make to the Secretary of State.

Transfer schemes in connection with transfer of functions

3 (1) The Secretary of State may, in connection with regulations under section83(1), make a scheme for the transfer of property, rights or liabilities.

(2) The things that may be transferred under a transfer scheme include—(a) property, rights and liabilities which could not otherwise be

transferred,(b) property acquired, and rights and liabilities arising, after the making

of the scheme.

(3) A transfer scheme may make consequential, supplementary, incidental,transitional, transitory or saving provision and may, in particular—

(a) create rights, or impose liabilities, in relation to property or rightstransferred,

(b) make provision about the continuing effect of things done by, onbehalf of or in relation to the transferor in respect of anythingtransferred,

(c) make provision about the continuation of things (including legalproceedings) in the process of being done by, on behalf of or inrelation to the transferor in respect of anything transferred,

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(d) make provision for references to the transferor in an instrument orother document in respect of anything transferred to be treated asreferences to the transferee,

(e) make provision for the shared ownership or use of property,(f) if the TUPE regulations do not apply in relation to the transfer, make

provision which is the same or similar.

(4) A transfer scheme may provide—(a) for modification by agreement,(b) for modifications to have effect from the date when the original

scheme came into effect.

(5) A transfer scheme may confer a discretion on the Secretary of State to paycompensation to any person whose interests are adversely affected by thescheme.

(6) A transfer scheme may be included in regulations under section 83(1) but, ifnot so included, must be laid before Parliament after being made.

(7) For the purposes of this paragraph references to rights and liabilities includereferences to—

(a) rights and liabilities relating to a contract of employment, and(b) rights and liabilities of the Crown relating to the terms of

employment of individuals in the civil service.

(8) Accordingly, a transfer scheme may, in particular, provide—(a) for—

(i) an individual employed in the civil service to become anemployee of the transferee, or

(ii) an employee of the transferor to become an employee of thetransferee or an individual employed in the civil service,

(b) for—(i) the individual’s terms of employment in the civil service to

have effect (subject to any necessary modifications) as theterms of the individual’s contract of employment with thetransferee, or

(ii) (as the case may be) the individual’s contract of employmentto have effect (subject to any necessary modifications) as theterms of the individual’s contract of employment with thetransferee or, where the transferee is the Secretary of State,the individual’s terms of employment with the civil service,

(c) for the transfer of rights and liabilities of the Crown or another publicauthority under or in connection with the individual’s terms ofemployment.

(9) In this paragraph—“civil service” means the civil service of the State,“TUPE regulations” means the Transfer of Undertakings (Protection of

Employment) Regulations 2006 (S.I. 2006/246),and references to the transfer of property include the grant of a lease.

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Tax in connection with transfer schemes

4 (1) The Treasury may by regulations make provision varying the way in whicha relevant tax has effect in relation to—

(a) anything transferred under a transfer scheme, or(b) anything done for the purposes of, or in relation to, a transfer under

a transfer scheme.

(2) The provision which may be made under sub-paragraph (1)(a) includes, inparticular, provision for—

(a) a tax provision not to apply, or to apply with modifications, inrelation to anything transferred,

(b) anything transferred to be treated in a specified way for the purposesof a tax provision,

(c) the Secretary of State to be required or permitted to determine, orspecify the method for determining, anything which needs to bedetermined for the purposes of any tax provision so far as relating toanything transferred.

(3) The provision which may be made under sub-paragraph (1)(b) includes, inparticular, provision for—

(a) a tax provision not to apply, or to apply with modifications, inrelation to anything done for the purposes of, or in relation to, thetransfer,

(b) anything done for the purposes of, or in relation to, the transfer tohave or not have a specified consequence or be treated in a specifiedway,

(c) the Secretary of State to be required or permitted to determine, orspecify the method for determining, anything which needs to bedetermined for the purposes of any tax provision so far as relating toanything done for the purposes of, or in relation to, the transfer.

(4) In this paragraph—“relevant tax” means income tax, corporation tax, capital gains tax,

stamp duty, stamp duty reserve tax or stamp duty land tax,“tax provision” means any provision—

(a) about a relevant tax, and(b) made by an enactment,

“transfer scheme” means a transfer scheme under paragraph 3,and references to the transfer of property include the grant of a lease.

Supplementary and other general provision

5 The power to make regulations under section 83(1) includes, in particular,power to—

(a) modify any enactment about a public authority for the purpose ofenabling or otherwise facilitating any function under sections 67 to69 to be exercisable by the public authority,

(b) impose requirements or confer other functions on a public authorityin connection with functions transferred by the regulations.

6 The power to make regulations under—(a) section 83, or

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(b) paragraph 4 above,including that power as extended (whether by section 267(1) or otherwise)may, in particular, be exercised by modifying any enactment (including thisAct).

SCHEDULE 6 Section 106

ISSUE OF WARRANTS UNDER SECTION 106 ETC: TABLE

PART 1

TABLE: PART 1

Law enforcement chiefs Appropriate delegates Appropriate law enforcement officers

The Chief Constable of apolice force maintainedunder section 2 of thePolice Act 1996.

The person who is theappropriate deputy chiefconstable for the purposesof section 12A(1) of thePolice Act 1996.

The person holding therank of assistant chiefconstable designated toact under section 12A(2)of that Act.

If it is not reasonablypracticable for either ofthose persons to act, anyother person holding therank of assistant chiefconstable in the force.

A member of the policeforce, a member of acollaborative force or aNational Crime Agencyofficer who is included ina collaboration agreementwith the police force.

The Commissioner, or anAssistant Commissioner,of the metropolitan policeforce.

A person holding the rankof commander in themetropolitan police force.

A member of themetropolitan police force,a member of acollaborative force or aNational Crime Agencyofficer who is included ina collaboration agreementwith the metropolitanpolice force.

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The Commissioner ofPolice for the City ofLondon.

The person authorised toact under section 25 of theCity of London Police Act1839 or, if it is notreasonably practicable forthat person to act, aperson holding the rankof commander in the Cityof London police force.

A member of the City ofLondon police force, amember of a collaborativeforce or a National CrimeAgency officer who isincluded in acollaboration agreementwith the City of Londonpolice force.

The chief constable of thePolice Service of Scotland.

Any deputy chiefconstable or assistantchief constable of thePolice Service of Scotlandwho is designated for thepurpose by the chiefconstable.

A constable of the PoliceService of Scotland.

The Chief Constable or aDeputy Chief Constableof the Police Service ofNorthern Ireland.

A person holding the rankof assistant chiefconstable in the PoliceService of NorthernIreland.

A member of the PoliceService of NorthernIreland.

The Director General ofthe National CrimeAgency.

A senior National CrimeAgency Officerdesignated for thepurpose by the DirectorGeneral of the NationalCrime Agency.

A National Crime Agencyofficer or a member of acollaborative police force.

The Chief Constable ofthe British TransportPolice Force.

A person holding the rankof deputy or assistantchief constable in theBritish Transport PoliceForce.

A member of the BritishTransport Police Force.

The Chief Constable ofthe Ministry of DefencePolice.

A person holding the rankof deputy chief constableor assistant chiefconstable in the Ministryof Defence Police.

A member of the Ministryof Defence Police.

The Provost Marshal ofthe Royal Navy Police.

A person holding theposition of deputyProvost Marshal in theRoyal Navy Police.

A member of the RoyalNavy Police.

The Provost Marshal ofthe Royal Military Police.

A person holding theposition of deputyProvost Marshal in theRoyal Military Police.

A member of the RoyalMilitary Police.

Law enforcement chiefs Appropriate delegates Appropriate law enforcement officers

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PART 2

TABLE: PART 2

The Provost Marshal ofthe Royal Air ForcePolice.

A person holding theposition of deputyProvost Marshal in theRoyal Air Force Police.

A member of the RoyalAir Force Police.

Law enforcement chiefs Appropriate delegates Appropriate law enforcement officers

An immigration officerwho is a senior officialand who is designated forthe purpose by theSecretary of State.

A senior official in thedepartment of theSecretary of State bywhom functions relatingto immigration areexercisable who isdesignated for thepurpose by the Secretaryof State.

An immigration officer.

An officer of Revenue andCustoms who is a seniorofficial and who isdesignated for thepurpose by theCommissioners for HerMajesty’s Revenue andCustoms.

An officer of Revenue andCustoms who is a seniorofficial and who isdesignated for thepurpose by theCommissioners for HerMajesty’s Revenue andCustoms.

An officer of Revenue andCustoms.

A designated customsofficial who is a seniorofficial and who isdesignated for thepurpose by the Secretaryof State.

A designated customsofficial who is a seniorofficial and who isdesignated for thepurpose by the Secretaryof State.

A designated customsofficial.

The Chair of theCompetition and MarketsAuthority.

An officer of theCompetition and MarketsAuthority designated byit for the purpose.

An officer of theCompetition and MarketsAuthority.

Law enforcement chiefs Appropriate delegates Appropriate law enforcement officers

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PART 3

INTERPRETATION OF THE TABLE

1 (1) This paragraph applies for the purposes of the first three entries in Part 1 ofthe table.

(2) A police force (police force 1) is a collaborative force in relation to anotherpolice force (police force 2) if—

(a) the chief officers of both police forces are parties to the sameagreement under section 22A of the Police Act 1996, and

(b) the members of police force 1 are permitted by the terms of theagreement to make applications under section 106 to the chief officerof police force 2.

(3) A National Crime Agency officer is included in a collaboration agreementwith a police force if—

(a) the Director General of the National Crime Agency and the chiefofficer of the police force are parties to the same agreement undersection 22A of the Police Act 1996, and

(b) the National Crime Agency officer is permitted by the terms of theagreement to make applications under section 106 to the chief officerof the police force.

2 (1) This paragraph applies for the purposes of the sixth entry in Part 1 of thetable (which relates to the National Crime Agency).

(2) A police force is a collaborative police force in relation to the National CrimeAgency if—

(a) the chief officer of the police force and the Director General of theNational Crime Agency are parties to the same agreement undersection 22A of the Police Act 1996, and

(b) the members of the police force are permitted by the terms of theagreement to make applications under section 106 to the DirectorGeneral of the National Crime Agency.

The chairman, or adeputy chairman, of theIndependent PoliceComplaints Commission.

A member (other than thechair or a deputychairman) of theIndependent PoliceComplaints Commissionwho is designated by thechairman for the purpose.

A person designatedunder paragraph 19(2) ofSchedule 3 to the PoliceReform Act 2002 to takecharge of, or to assistwith, the investigation towhich the warrant undersection 106(1) relates (orwould relate if issued).

The Police Investigationsand ReviewCommissioner.

A staff officer of the PoliceInvestigations andReview Commissionerwho is designated by theCommissioner for thepurpose.

A staff officer of the PoliceInvestigations andReview Commissioner.

Law enforcement chiefs Appropriate delegates Appropriate law enforcement officers

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3 For the purpose of the sixth entry in Part 2 of the table, the reference to a staffofficer of the Police Investigations and Review Commissioner is a referenceto any person who—

(a) is a member of the Commissioner’s staff appointed under paragraph7A of schedule 4 to the Police, Public Order and Criminal Justice(Scotland) Act 2006 (asp 10), or

(b) is a member of the Commissioner’s staff appointed under paragraph7 of that schedule to whom paragraph 7B(2) of that schedule applies.

4 In this Schedule, “police force” means—(a) any police force maintained under section 2 of the Police Act 1996;(b) the metropolitan police force;(c) the City of London police force.

SCHEDULE 7 Section 241

CODES OF PRACTICE

Scope of codes

1 (1) The Secretary of State must issue one or more codes of practice about theexercise of functions conferred by virtue of this Act.

(2) Sub-paragraph (1) does not apply in relation to—(a) any functions conferred by virtue of this Act on—

(i) the Investigatory Powers Commissioner or any other JudicialCommissioner,

(ii) the Information Commissioner,(iii) the Investigatory Powers Tribunal,(iv) any other court or tribunal,(v) the Technical Advisory Board, or

(vi) the Technology Advisory Panel,(b) any function to make subordinate legislation which is conferred by

virtue of this Act on the Secretary of State or the Treasury.

(3) A code may, in particular, contain provision about the training of peoplewho may exercise functions in relation to which sub-paragraph (1) applies.

2 (1) Each code must include—(a) provision designed to protect the public interest in the

confidentiality of sources of journalistic information, and(b) provision about particular considerations applicable to any data

which relates to a member of a profession which routinely holdsitems subject to legal privilege or relevant confidential information.

(2) A code about the exercise of functions conferred by virtue of Part 2, Part 5 orChapter 1 or 3 of Part 6 must also contain provision about whencircumstances are to be regarded as “exceptional and compellingcircumstances” for the purposes of any provision of that Part or Chapter thatrestricts the exercise of functions in relation to items subject to legal privilegeby reference to the existence of such circumstances.

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(3) The Investigatory Powers Commissioner must keep under review anyprovision included in a code by virtue of sub-paragraph (2).

(4) In this paragraph—“relevant confidential information” means information which is held in

confidence by a member of a profession and consists of—(a) personal records or journalistic material which are (or would

be if held in England and Wales) excluded material asdefined by section 11 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act1984, or

(b) communications between Members of Parliament and theirconstituents,

and the references in this paragraph to a member of a profession includereferences to any person acting in the course of any trade, business,profession or other occupation or for the purposes of any paid or unpaidoffice.

3 (1) A code about the exercise of functions conferred by virtue of Part 3 mustcontain provision about communications data held by public authorities byvirtue of that Part.

(2) Such provision must, in particular, include provision about—(a) why, how and where the data is held,(b) who may access the data on behalf of the authority,(c) to whom, and under what conditions, the data may be disclosed,(d) the processing of the data for purposes otherwise than in connection

with the purposes for which it was obtained or retained,(e) the processing of the data together with other data,(f) the processes for determining how long the data should be held and

for the destruction of the data.

Procedural requirements

4 (1) Before issuing a code the Secretary of State must—(a) prepare and publish a draft of the code, and(b) consider any representations made about it,

and may modify the draft.

(2) The Secretary of State must, in particular, consult the Investigatory PowersCommissioner and, in the case of a code relating to the exercise of functionsconferred by virtue of Part 4, the Information Commissioner.

(3) A code comes into force in accordance with regulations made by theSecretary of State.

(4) A statutory instrument containing such regulations may not be made unlessa draft of the instrument has been laid before, and approved by a resolutionof, each House of Parliament.

(5) When a draft instrument is laid, the code to which it relates must also be laid.

(6) No draft instrument may be laid until the consultation required by sub-paragraphs (1) and (2) has taken place.

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Revision of codes

5 (1) The Secretary of State may from time to time revise the whole or part of acode.

(2) Before issuing any revision of a code the Secretary of State must—(a) prepare and publish a draft, and(b) consider any representations made about it,

and may modify the draft.

(3) The Secretary of State must, in particular, consult the Investigatory PowersCommissioner and, in the case of a code relating to the exercise of functionsconferred by virtue of Part 4, the Information Commissioner.

(4) A revision of a code comes into force in accordance with regulations madeby the Secretary of State.

(5) A statutory instrument containing such regulations must be laid beforeParliament if the regulations have been made without a draft having beenlaid before, and approved by a resolution of, each House of Parliament.

(6) When an instrument or draft instrument is laid, the revision of a code towhich it relates must also be laid.

(7) No instrument or draft instrument may be laid until the consultationrequired by sub-paragraphs (2) and (3) has taken place.

Effect of codes

6 (1) A person must have regard to a code when exercising any functions to whichthe code relates.

(2) A failure on the part of a person to comply with any provision of a code doesnot of itself make that person liable to criminal or civil proceedings.

(3) A code is admissible in evidence in any such proceedings.

(4) A court or tribunal may, in particular, take into account a failure by a personto have regard to a code in determining a question in any such proceedings.

(5) A supervisory authority exercising functions by virtue of this Act may takeinto account a failure by a person to have regard to a code in determining aquestion which arises in connection with the exercise of those functions.

(6) In this paragraph “supervisory authority” means—(a) the Investigatory Powers Commissioner or any other Judicial

Commissioner,(b) the Information Commissioner, or(c) the Investigatory Powers Tribunal.

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SCHEDULE 8 Section 248

COMBINATION OF WARRANTS AND AUTHORISATIONS

PART 1

COMBINATIONS WITH TARGETED INTERCEPTION WARRANTS

Warrants that may be issued by Secretary of State

1 The Secretary of State may, on an application made by or on behalf of thehead of an intelligence service, issue a warrant that combines a targetedinterception warrant which the Secretary of State has power to issue undersection 19(1) with one or more of the following—

(a) a targeted examination warrant which the Secretary of State haspower to issue under section 19(2);

(b) a targeted equipment interference warrant which the Secretary ofState has power to issue under section 102(1);

(c) a targeted examination warrant which the Secretary of State haspower to issue under section 102(3);

(d) a warrant which the Secretary of State has power to issue undersection 5 of the Intelligence Services Act 1994 (warrants for entry orinterference with property or wireless telegraphy);

(e) an authorisation under section 28 of the Regulation of InvestigatoryPowers Act 2000 (authorisation of directed surveillance);

(f) an authorisation under section 32 of that Act (authorisation ofintrusive surveillance).

2 The Secretary of State may, on an application made by or on behalf of theChief of Defence Intelligence, issue a warrant that combines a targetedinterception warrant which the Secretary of State has power to issue undersection 19(1) with one or more of the following—

(a) a targeted equipment interference warrant which the Secretary ofState has power to issue under section 104;

(b) an authorisation under section 28 of the Regulation of InvestigatoryPowers Act 2000 (authorisation of directed surveillance);

(c) an authorisation under section 32 of that Act (authorisation ofintrusive surveillance).

3 (1) The Secretary of State may, on an application made by or on behalf of arelevant intercepting authority, issue a warrant that combines a targetedinterception warrant which the Secretary of State has power to issue undersection 19(1) with one or more of the following—

(a) a targeted equipment interference warrant which a law enforcementchief has power to issue under section 106;

(b) an authorisation under section 93 of the Police Act 1997(authorisations to interfere with property);

(c) an authorisation under section 28 of the Regulation of InvestigatoryPowers Act 2000 (authorisation of directed surveillance);

(d) an authorisation under section 32 of that Act (authorisation ofintrusive surveillance).

(2) For the purposes of sub-paragraph (1), each of the following is a “relevantintercepting authority”—

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(a) the Director General of the National Crime Agency;(b) the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis;(c) the Chief Constable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland;(d) the chief constable of the Police Service of Scotland;(e) the Commissioners for Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs.

Warrants that may be issued by Scottish Ministers

4 The Scottish Ministers may, on an application made by or on behalf of thehead of an intelligence service, issue a warrant that combines a targetedinterception warrant which the Scottish Ministers have power to issue undersection 21(1) with one or more of the following—

(a) a targeted examination warrant which the Scottish Ministers havepower to issue under section 21(2);

(b) a targeted equipment interference warrant which the ScottishMinisters have power to issue under section 103(1);

(c) a targeted examination warrant which the Scottish Ministers havepower to issue under section 103(2);

(d) a warrant which the Scottish Ministers have power to issue undersection 5 of the Intelligence Services Act 1994 (warrants for entry orinterference with property or wireless telegraphy).

5 The Scottish Ministers may, on an application made by or on behalf of thechief constable of the Police Service of Scotland, issue a warrant thatcombines a targeted interception warrant which the Scottish Ministers havepower to issue under section 21(1) with one or more of the following—

(a) a targeted equipment interference warrant which a law enforcementchief has power to issue under section 106;

(b) an authorisation under section 93 of the Police Act 1997(authorisations to interfere with property);

(c) an authorisation under section 28 of the Regulation of InvestigatoryPowers Act 2000 (authorisation of directed surveillance);

(d) an authorisation under section 32 of that Act (authorisation ofintrusive surveillance).

6 The Scottish Ministers may, on an application made by or on behalf of thechief constable of the Police Service of Scotland, issue a warrant thatcombines a targeted interception warrant which the Scottish Ministers havepower to issue under section 21(1) with one or more of the following—

(a) a targeted equipment interference warrant which a law enforcementchief has power to issue under section 106;

(b) an authorisation under section 93 of the Police Act 1997(authorisations to interfere with property);

(c) an authorisation under section 6 of the Regulation of InvestigatoryPowers (Scotland) Act 2000 (2000 asp 11) (authorisation of directedsurveillance);

(d) an authorisation under section 10 of that Act (authorisation ofintrusive surveillance).

7 (1) The Scottish Ministers may, on an application made by or on behalf of arelevant intercepting authority, issue a warrant that combines a targetedinterception warrant which the Scottish Ministers have power to issue undersection 21(1) with one or more of the following—

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(a) a targeted equipment interference warrant which a law enforcementchief has power to issue under section 106;

(b) an authorisation under section 93 of the Police Act 1997(authorisations to interfere with property).

(2) For the purposes of sub-paragraph (1), each of the following is a “relevantintercepting authority”—

(a) the Director General of the National Crime Agency;(b) the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis;(c) the Chief Constable of the Police Service of Northern Ireland;(d) the Commissioners for Her Majesty’s Revenue and Customs.

PART 2

OTHER COMBINATIONS INVOLVING TARGETED EQUIPMENT INTERFERENCE WARRANTS

Warrants that may be issued by Secretary of State

8 The Secretary of State may, on an application made by or on behalf of thehead of an intelligence service, issue a warrant that combines a targetedequipment interference warrant which the Secretary of State has power toissue under section 102(1) with one or more of the following—

(a) a targeted examination warrant which the Secretary of State haspower to issue under section 102(3);

(b) a targeted examination warrant which the Secretary of State haspower to issue under section 19(2);

(c) a warrant which the Secretary of State has power to issue undersection 5 of the Intelligence Services Act 1994 (warrants for entry orinterference with property or wireless telegraphy);

(d) an authorisation under section 28 of the Regulation of InvestigatoryPowers Act 2000 (authorisation of directed surveillance);

(e) an authorisation under section 32 of that Act (authorisation ofintrusive surveillance).

9 The Secretary of State may, on an application made by or on behalf of theChief of Defence Intelligence, issue a warrant that combines a targetedequipment interference warrant which the Secretary of State has power toissue under section 104 with one or more of the following—

(a) an authorisation under section 28 of the Regulation of InvestigatoryPowers Act 2000 (authorisation of directed surveillance);

(b) an authorisation under section 32 of that Act (authorisation ofintrusive surveillance).

Warrants that may be issued by Scottish Ministers

10 The Scottish Ministers may, on an application made by or on behalf of thehead of an intelligence service, issue a warrant that combines a targetedequipment interference warrant which the Scottish Ministers have power toissue under section 103(1) with one or more of the following—

(a) a targeted examination warrant which the Scottish Ministers havepower to issue under section 103(2);

(b) a targeted examination warrant which the Scottish Ministers havepower to issue under section 21(2);

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(c) a warrant which the Scottish Ministers have power to issue undersection 5 of the Intelligence Services Act 1994 (warrants for entry orinterference with property or wireless telegraphy).

Warrants that may be issued by other persons

11 (1) A law enforcement chief may, on an application made by a person who is anappropriate law enforcement officer in relation to the chief, issue a warrantthat combines a targeted equipment interference warrant which the lawenforcement chief has power to issue under section 106 with one or more ofthe following—

(a) an authorisation under section 93 of the Police Act 1997(authorisations to interfere with property);

(b) an authorisation under section 28 of the Regulation of InvestigatoryPowers Act 2000 (authorisation of directed surveillance);

(c) an authorisation under section 32 of that Act (authorisation ofintrusive surveillance).

(2) For the purposes of this paragraph, references to a “law enforcement chief”and an “appropriate law enforcement officer” are to be read in accordancewith section 106(5).

12 (1) A law enforcement chief within sub-paragraph (2) may, on an applicationmade by a person who is an appropriate law enforcement officer in relationto the chief, issue a warrant that combines a targeted equipment interferencewarrant which the law enforcement chief has power to issue under section106 with one or more of the following—

(a) an authorisation under section 93 of the Police Act 1997(authorisations to interfere with property);

(b) an authorisation under section 6 of the Regulation of InvestigatoryPowers (Scotland) Act 2000 (2000 asp 11) (authorisation of directedsurveillance);

(c) an authorisation under section 10 of that Act (authorisation ofintrusive surveillance).

(2) The law enforcement chiefs mentioned in sub-paragraph (1) are—(a) the chief constable of the Police Service of Scotland, and(b) the Police Investigations and Review Commissioner.

(3) For the purposes of this paragraph, references to a “law enforcement chief”and an “appropriate law enforcement officer” are to be read in accordancewith section 106(5).

PART 3

COMBINATIONS INVOLVING TARGETED EXAMINATION WARRANTS ONLY

13 The Secretary of State may, on an application made by or on behalf of thehead of an intelligence service, issue a warrant that combines—

(a) a targeted examination warrant which the Secretary of State haspower to issue under section 19(2), with

(b) a targeted examination warrant which the Secretary of State haspower to issue under section 102(3).

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14 The Scottish Ministers may, on an application made by or on behalf of thehead of an intelligence service, issue a warrant that combines—

(a) a targeted examination warrant which the Scottish Ministers havepower to issue under section 21(2), with

(b) a targeted examination warrant which the Scottish Ministers havepower to issue under section 103(2).

PART 4

COMBINED WARRANTS: SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISION

Introductory

15 In this Part of this Schedule “combined warrant” means a warrant issuedunder any of Parts 1 to 3 of this Schedule.

General

16 (1) Where Part 1, 2 or 3 of this Schedule provides for a person to have power, onan application made by or on behalf of any person (“the applicant”), to issuea combined warrant that includes any warrant or other authorisation, theperson may issue a combined warrant containing that warrant orauthorisation, whether or not that person would have power, on anapplication made by or on behalf of the applicant, to issue that warrant, orto give that authorisation, as a single instrument.

(2) Where Part 1, 2 or 3 of this Schedule provides for a person to have power toapply for a combined warrant, the person may apply for a combinedwarrant containing any warrant or other authorisation that may be includedin it, provided that—

(a) the person could apply for that warrant or authorisation as a singleinstrument, or

(b) the organisation on whose behalf the person is acting, or anotherperson who is a member of staff or an officer of the organisation orwho is otherwise acting on its behalf, could apply for that warrant orauthorisation as a single instrument.

17 (1) A combined warrant must be addressed to the person by whom, or onwhose behalf, the application for the combined warrant was made.

(2) Any reference in this Act to the person to whom a warrant is or wasaddressed is to be read, in the case of a combined warrant containing such awarrant, as a reference to the person to whom the combined warrant is orwas addressed.

18 A combined warrant must contain a provision stating which warrants orother authorisations are included in the combined warrant.

19 Any reference in any enactment to a warrant or other authorisation of aparticular description issued or given under any enactment includes, in thecase of a combined warrant containing a warrant or authorisation of thatdescription, a reference to so much of the combined warrant as consists ofsuch a warrant or authorisation.This is subject to any provision made by or under the following provisionsof this Schedule.

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Rules about issue etc. applying separately in relation to each part of a combined warrant

20 (1) The law about the following matters, so far as relating to a warrant or otherauthorisation that may be included in a combined warrant, applies inrelation to so much of a combined warrant as consists of such a warrant orauthorisation—

(a) the duties imposed by section 2 (general duties in relation toprivacy);

(b) any conditions that must be met before such a warrant orauthorisation may be issued or given;

(c) the grounds on which such a warrant or authorisation may be issuedor given;

(d) the conduct that may be authorised by such a warrant orauthorisation;

(e) any requirements as to what must be included in such a warrant orauthorisation;

(f) any conditions that must be met before such a warrant orauthorisation may be renewed and the grounds on which it may berenewed;

(g) any conditions that must be met before such a warrant orauthorisation may be modified;

(h) the grounds on which such a warrant or authorisation may bemodified and the procedural rules that apply to such a modification;

(i) the circumstances in which such a warrant or authorisation may ormust be cancelled.

(2) In sub-paragraph (1)(h) “procedural rules”, in relation to the modification ofa warrant or other authorisation, means the law about any of the followingmatters—

(a) the involvement of Judicial Commissioners in decisions;(b) the delegation of decisions;(c) the signing of instruments making a modification;(d) urgent cases.

(3) Sub-paragraph (1) is subject to paragraphs 21 to 26.

Rules about issue etc. applying in relation to combined warrants

21 (1) A combined warrant under Part 1 of this Schedule addressed to any personmay only be issued, renewed or cancelled in accordance with the proceduralrules that would apply to the issue, renewal or cancellation of a targetedinterception warrant addressed to that person (see Chapter 1 of Part 2 of thisAct).

(2) In sub-paragraph (1) “procedural rules”, in relation to a warrant, means thelaw about any of the following matters—

(a) the involvement of Judicial Commissioners in decisions;(b) the delegation of decisions;(c) the signing of warrants;(d) urgent cases.

(3) But if a combined warrant under paragraph 1 or 4 includes a warrant whichthe person issuing the combined warrant has power to issue under section 5of the Intelligence Services Act 1994 (a “section 5 warrant”), any requirement

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(arising from sub-paragraph (1) above) for the involvement of JudicialCommissioners in the decision whether to issue or renew the combinedwarrant does not apply in relation to the part of the combined warrantconsisting of the section 5 warrant.

22 (1) A combined warrant under Part 2 of this Schedule addressed to any personmay only be issued, renewed or cancelled in accordance with the proceduralrules that would apply to the issue, renewal or cancellation of a targetedequipment interference warrant addressed to that person (see Part 5 of thisAct).

(2) In sub-paragraph (1) “procedural rules” has the same meaning as inparagraph 21(1).

(3) But if a combined warrant under paragraph 8 or 10 includes a warrant whichthe person issuing the combined warrant has power to issue under section 5of the Intelligence Services Act 1994 (a “section 5 warrant”), any requirement(arising from sub-paragraph (1) above) for the involvement of JudicialCommissioners in the decision whether to issue or renew the combinedwarrant does not apply in relation to the part of the combined warrantconsisting of the section 5 warrant.

23 (1) A combined warrant under Part 3 of this Schedule addressed to any personmay only be issued, renewed or cancelled in accordance with the proceduralrules that would apply to the issue, renewal or cancellation of a targetedexamination warrant under section 19(2) addressed to that person (seeChapter 1 of Part 2 of this Act).

(2) In sub-paragraph (1) “procedural rules” has the same meaning as inparagraph 21(1).

24 (1) In consequence of paragraphs 21 and 22, the following provisions of thePolice Act 1997 do not apply in relation to an authorisation under section 93of that Act which is included in a combined warrant—

(a) section 96 (notification of authorisations to Judicial Commissioner);(b) section 97 (authorisations requiring approval);(c) section 103(1), (2) and (4) (power to quash or cancel authorisations);(d) section 104 (appeals to Investigatory Powers Commissioner).

(2) Section 103(6) of that Act applies where a combined warrant containing anauthorisation under section 93 of that Act is cancelled as it applies wheresuch an authorisation is cancelled under section 103(4) of that Act.

25 In consequence of paragraphs 21 and 22, the following provisions of theRegulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 do not apply in relation to anauthorisation under section 32 of that Act which is included in a combinedwarrant—

(a) section 35 (notification of authorisations to Judicial Commissioner);(b) section 36 (approval required for authorisations to take effect);(c) section 37(2) to (4) (power to quash or cancel authorisations);(d) section 38 (appeals to Investigatory Powers Commissioner).

26 In consequence of paragraphs 21 and 22, the following provisions of theRegulation of Investigatory Powers (Scotland) Act 2000 do not apply inrelation to an authorisation under section 10 of that Act which is included ina combined warrant—

(a) section 13 (notification of authorisations to Judicial Commissioner);

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(b) section 14 (approval required for authorisations to take effect);(c) section 15(1) to (3) (power to quash or cancel authorisations);(d) section 16 (appeals to Investigatory Powers Commissioner).

Modification of rules as to duration

27 (1) Where a combined warrant includes warrants or authorisations which (assingle instruments) would cease to have effect at the end of different periods,the combined warrant is to cease to have effect at the end of the shortest ofthe periods (unless renewed).

(2) But sub-paragraph (1) does not apply to a combined warrant which—(a) includes an authorisation under section 28 of the Regulation of

Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (authorisation of directedsurveillance),

(b) is addressed to the head of an intelligence service, and(c) is issued with the approval of a Judicial Commissioner.

(3) In such a case, the combined warrant (unless it is renewed) is to cease to haveeffect at the end of the period of 6 months beginning with the day on whichit is issued.

Special rules about the application of this Act to combined warrants

28 (1) This paragraph applies where under section 24(3) a Judicial Commissionerrefuses to approve a decision to issue a combined warrant under Part 1 or 3of this Schedule.

(2) Section 25 has effect in relation to the combined warrant as if—(a) any reference in subsection (3) of that section to a targeted

interception warrant or targeted examination warrant were areference to so much of the combined warrant as consisted of such awarrant, and

(b) any other reference in that section to a warrant were a reference tothe combined warrant.

(3) Where the combined warrant included a targeted equipment interferencewarrant or targeted examination warrant which the person who issued thecombined warrant has power to issue under Part 5 of this Act, section 110has effect in relation to the combined warrant as if—

(a) any reference in subsection (3)(b) or (c) of that section to a targetedequipment interference warrant were a reference to so much of thecombined warrant as consisted of such a warrant,

(b) any reference in subsection (4) of that section to a targetedexamination warrant were a reference to so much of the combinedwarrant as consisted of such a warrant, and

(c) any other reference in that section to a warrant were a reference tothe combined warrant.

29 Where under section 109(3) a Judicial Commissioner refuses to approve thedecision to issue a combined warrant under Part 2 of this Schedule, section110 has effect in relation to the combined warrant as if—

(a) any reference in subsection (3)(b) or (c) of that section to a targetedequipment interference warrant were a reference to so much of thecombined warrant as consisted of such a warrant,

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(b) any reference in subsection (4) of that section to a targetedexamination warrant were a reference to so much of the combinedwarrant as consisted of such a warrant, and

(c) any other reference in that section to a warrant were a reference tothe combined warrant.

30 (1) This paragraph applies to any provision in Part 2 or 5 of this Act that enablesa person to whom a warrant is addressed to require the provision ofassistance in giving effect to the warrant.

(2) In the case of a combined warrant containing such a warrant, the provisionis to be read as enabling the person to whom the combined warrant isaddressed to require the provision of assistance in giving effect to so muchof the combined warrant as consists of such a warrant.

(3) Accordingly, any power to serve a copy of a warrant for that purposeincludes power, in the case of such a combined warrant, to serve the part ofthe combined warrant consisting of such a warrant.

31 Any reference in section 56 (exclusion of matters from legal proceedings etc.)to the making of an application for a warrant, or the issue of a warrant, underChapter 1 of Part 2 of this Act includes a reference to—

(a) the making of an application for a combined warrant that includes awarrant under that Chapter, so far as relating to disclosing orsuggesting the inclusion of such a warrant, or

(b) the inclusion of a warrant under that Chapter in a combined warrant.

32 (1) The reference in section 58(7) to the provisions of Part 2 of this Act is to beread, in the case of a combined warrant containing a targeted interceptionwarrant or targeted examination warrant which the person who issued thecombined warrant has power to issue under that Part, as including areference to this Schedule.

(2) The reference in section 133(4) to the provisions of Part 5 of this Act is to beread, in the case of a combined warrant containing a targeted equipmentinterference warrant or targeted examination warrant which the person whoissued the combined warrant has power to issue under that Part, asincluding a reference to this Schedule.

Power to make consequential amendments

33 (1) The Secretary of State may by regulations make such provision modifyingany provision made by or under an enactment (including this Schedule) asthe Secretary of State considers appropriate in consequence of any provisionmade by this Schedule.

(2) In sub-paragraph (1) “enactment” does not include any primary legislationpassed or made after the end of the Session in which this Act is passed.

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SCHEDULE 9 Section 270(1)

TRANSITIONAL, TRANSITORY AND SAVING PROVISION

Lawful interception of communications

1 Any agreement which, immediately before the day on which section 10comes into force, is designated for the purposes of section 1(4) of theRegulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 is to be treated, on and afterthat day, as designated as an international mutual assistance agreement byregulations under section 10(3) of this Act.

Authorisations for obtaining communications data

2 The reference to the Gangmasters and Labour Abuse Authority in the tablein Part 1 of Schedule 4 is to be read, in relation to any time before the day onwhich section 10(1) of the Immigration Act 2016 (renaming of GangmastersLicensing Authority) comes into force, as a reference to the GangmastersLicensing Authority.

Retention of communications data

3 (1) A retention notice under section 1 of the Data Retention and InvestigatoryPowers Act 2014 which is in force immediately before the commencementday is to be treated, on or after that day, as a retention notice under section87 of this Act; and Part 4 of this Act is to be read accordingly but as if sections87(1)(b), (4) and (8)(e), 89, 90(1) to (12), 91, 94(4)(b), (6), (10) and (12) and96(2)(e) were omitted.

(2) In particular—(a) anything which, immediately before the commencement day, is in

the process of being done by virtue of, or in relation to, a retentionnotice under section 1 of the Act of 2014 may be continued as if beingdone by virtue of, or in relation to, a retention notice under section 87of this Act, and

(b) anything done by virtue of, or in relation to, a retention notice undersection 1 of the Act of 2014 is, if in force or effective immediatelybefore the commencement day, to have effect as if done by virtue of,or in relation to, a retention notice under section 87 of this Act so faras that is required for continuing its effect on or after thecommencement day.

(3) Sub-paragraphs (1) and (2) cease to apply, in relation to any retention noticeunder section 1 of the Act of 2014—

(a) at the end of the period of six months beginning with thecommencement day, or

(b) if earlier, on the revocation in full of the notice;but this is without prejudice to the continued operation of section 95(2) to (5)in relation to the notice.

(4) Section 249 applies in relation to costs incurred in complying with aretention notice under section 1 of the Act of 2014 which has continued inforce on or after the commencement day as it applies in relation to costsincurred in complying with retention notices under section 87 of this Act butas if section 249(7) were omitted.

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(5) The Secretary of State may revoke (whether wholly or in part) a retentionnotice under section 1 of the Act of 2014.

(6) The fact that a retention notice under section 1 of the Act of 2014 has, inrelation to a particular description of data and a particular operator (ordescription of operators), ceased to have effect or been revoked does notprevent the giving of a retention notice under section 87 of this Act inrelation to the same description of data and the same operator (ordescription of operators).

(7) In this paragraph “the commencement day” is the day on which section 1(1)of the Act of 2014 is repealed.

4 (1) Sub-paragraph (2) applies if any power to give, vary or confirm a retentionnotice under section 87 of this Act (excluding any power to vary a noticewhich has effect as such a notice by virtue of paragraph 3(1)) is brought intoforce without any requirement for approval by a Judicial Commissioner ofthe decision to give, vary or (as the case may be) confirm the notice.

(2) The notice as given, varied or confirmed ceases to have effect (so far as notpreviously revoked) at the end of the period of three months beginning withthe day on which the requirement for approval comes into force.

5 (1) The repeal of section 1(7) of the Data Retention and Investigatory PowersAct 2014 does not affect the continued operation, during the transitionalperiod mentioned in sub-paragraph (2), of regulations made under section1(7) of that Act.

(2) The transitional period mentioned in this sub-paragraph is the period of sixmonths beginning with the day on which section 1(7) of the Act of 2014 isrepealed.

(3) In their continued operation by virtue of sub-paragraph (1), the regulationsmade under section 1(7) of the Act of 2014 have effect subject to suchmodifications (if any) as may be specified in regulations under section270(2).

Definitions of “other relevant crime” and “serious crime”

6 (1) The definitions of—(a) “other relevant crime” in section 62(6), and(b) “serious crime” in section 263(1),

are to be read, until the appointed day, as if for the words “the age of 18 (or,in relation to Scotland or Northern Ireland, 21)” there were substituted “theage of 21”.

(2) In sub-paragraph (1), “the appointed day” means the day on which theamendment made to section 81(3)(a) of the Regulation of InvestigatoryPowers Act 2000 by paragraph 211 of Schedule 7 to the Criminal Justice andCourt Services Act 2000 comes into force.

Savings for particular purposes

7 Nothing in this Act affects any power conferred on a postal operator (withinthe meaning given by section 27(3) of the Postal Services Act 2011) by orunder any enactment to open, detain or delay any postal packet (within the

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meaning given by section 125(1) of the Postal Services Act 2000) or to deliverany such packet to a person other than the person to whom it is addressed.

8 Nothing in Part 4 of this Act prevents the retention of data for the purposesof, or in connection with, legal proceedings (including proceedings whichmight arise in the future).

9 The amendments made to the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000by sections 3 to 6 of the Data Retention and Investigatory Powers Act 2014(and those sections) continue to have effect despite section 8(3) of the Act of2014 (sunset provision for that Act) until the provisions they amend (andthose sections) are repealed by this Act in connection with the coming intoforce of provisions of this Act.

General saving for lawful conduct

10 Nothing in any of the provisions of this Act by virtue of which conduct ofany description is or may be authorised by any warrant, authorisation ornotice, or by virtue of which information may be obtained in any manner, isto be read—

(a) as making it unlawful to engage in any conduct of that descriptionwhich is not otherwise unlawful under this Act and would not beunlawful apart from this Act,

(b) as otherwise requiring—(i) the issue, grant or giving of such a warrant, authorisation or

notice, or(ii) the taking of any step for or towards obtaining the authority

of such a warrant, authorisation or notice,before any such conduct of that description is engaged in, or

(c) as prejudicing any power to obtain information by any means notinvolving conduct that may be authorised under this Act.

SCHEDULE 10 Section 271(1)

MINOR AND CONSEQUENTIAL PROVISION

PART 1

GENERAL AMENDMENTS

Police Act 1997

1 In section 93(1A) of the Police Act 1997 (authorisations to interfere withproperty etc.) after “this Part” insert “or the Investigatory Powers Act 2016”.

Northern Ireland Act 1998

2 In paragraph 9(1) of Schedule 3 to the Northern Ireland Act 1998 (reservedmatters) for paragraph (a) substitute—

“(a) the subject-matter of Parts 2 and 3 of the Regulation ofInvestigatory Powers Act 2000, so far as relating to theprevention or detection of crime (within the meaning ofthat Act) or the prevention of disorder;

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(aa) the subject-matter of the following provisions of theInvestigatory Powers Act 2016, so far as relating to theprevention or detection of serious crime (within themeaning of that Act)—

(i) sections 3 to 10 and Schedule 1,(ii) Part 2, and

(iii) Chapter 1 of Part 6;(ab) the subject-matter of section 11, Parts 3 and 4 and Chapter

2 of Part 6 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016, so far asrelating to the prevention or detection of crime (within themeaning of that Act) or the prevention of disorder;

(ac) the subject-matter of section 12 of, and Schedule 2 to, theInvestigatory Powers Act 2016, so far as relating to theprevention or detection of crime (within the meaning ofthat Act);”.

Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000

3 The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 is amended as follows.

4 In section 27(4)(a) (lawful surveillance etc: conduct to be dealt with underother enactments) after “Act” insert “or the Investigatory Powers Act 2016”.

5 (1) Section 71 (issue and revision of codes of practice) is amended as follows.

(2) In subsection (2)(a), for “Parts I to III” substitute “Parts 2 and 3”.

(3) Omit subsection (2A).

(4) In subsection (8) for “(2A)” substitute “(3)”.

6 (1) Section 81(1) (general definitions) is amended as follows.

(2) For the definition of “apparatus” substitute—““apparatus” has the same meaning as in the Investigatory

Powers Act 2016 (see section 263(1) of that Act);”.

(3) In paragraph (a) of the definition of “communication” omit “(except in thedefinition of “postal service” in section 2(1))”.

(4) In the definition of “interception” and cognate expressions, for “section 2”substitute “sections 4 and 5 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016”.

(5) For the definitions of “postal service” and “public postal service”substitute—

““postal service” has the same meaning as in the InvestigatoryPowers Act 2016 (see section 262(7) of that Act);”.

(6) Omit the definitions of “private telecommunication system”, “publictelecommunications service” and “public telecommunication system”.

(7) In the definitions of “telecommunication system” and “telecommunicationsservice”, for “the meanings given by section 2(1)” substitute “the samemeanings as in the Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (see section 261(11) to (13)of that Act)”.

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Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000

7 In paragraph 28(4) of Schedule 19C to the Political Parties, Elections andReferendums Act 2000 (civil sanctions: disclosure of information) forparagraph (b) substitute—

“(b) any of Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of the InvestigatoryPowers Act 2016.”

Public Finance and Accountability (Scotland) Act 2000 (2000 asp 1)

8 (1) The Public Finance and Accountability (Scotland) Act 2000 is amended asfollows.

(2) In section 26B(3) (voluntary disclosure of data to Audit Scotland) forparagraph (b) substitute—

“(b) which is prohibited by any of Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part9 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016,”.

(3) In section 26C(3) (power to require disclosure of data) for paragraph (b)substitute—

“(b) the disclosure is prohibited by any of Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter1 of Part 9 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016.”

Social Security Fraud Act 2001

9 In section 4(1)(b) of the Social Security Fraud Act 2001 (arrangements forpayments in relation to persons providing a telecommunications serviceetc.) for “the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (c. 23)” substitute“the Investigatory Powers Act 2016”.

Social Security Fraud Act (Northern Ireland) 2001

10 In section 4(1)(b) of the Social Security Fraud Act (Northern Ireland) 2001(arrangements for payments in relation to persons providing atelecommunications service etc.) for “the Regulation of InvestigatoryPowers Act 2000 (c. 23)” substitute “the Investigatory Powers Act 2016”.

Justice (Northern Ireland) Act 2002

11 In section 5A(3)(b) of the Justice (Northern Ireland) Act 2002 (disclosure ofinformation to the Northern Ireland Judicial Appointments Commission)for “Part 1 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000” substitute“any of Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of the Investigatory Powers Act2016”.

Proceeds of Crime Act 2002

12 (1) The Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 is amended as follows.

(2) In section 436(3)(b) (disclosure of information to certain Directors) for “Part1 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (c. 23)” substitute “anyof Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016”.

(3) In section 438(8)(b) (disclosure of information by certain Directors) for “Part1 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (c. 23)” substitute “anyof Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016”.

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(4) In section 439(3)(b) (disclosure of information to Lord Advocate and toScottish Ministers) for “Part 1 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act2000” substitute “any of Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of the InvestigatoryPowers Act 2016”.

(5) In section 441(7)(b) (disclosure of information by Lord Advocate and byScottish Ministers) for “Part 1 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act2000 (c. 23)” substitute “any of Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of theInvestigatory Powers Act 2016”.

Police Reform Act 2002

13 In paragraph 19ZA(2)(c) of Schedule 3 to the Police Reform Act 2002(handling of complaints and conduct matters etc: power to serveinformation notice) for “Part 1 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act2000” substitute “any of Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of the InvestigatoryPowers Act 2016”.

Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003 (S.I. 2003/2426)

14 After regulation 5A(8) of the Privacy and Electronic Communications (ECDirective) Regulations 2003 (personal data breach) insert—

“(9) This regulation does not apply in relation to any personal databreach which is to be notified to the Investigatory PowersCommissioner in accordance with a code of practice made under theInvestigatory Powers Act 2016.”

Audit and Accountability (Northern Ireland) Order 2003 (S.I. 2003/418 (N.I. 5))

15 In Article 4C(3)(b) of the Audit and Accountability (Northern Ireland) Order2003 (voluntary provision of data) for “Part 1 of the Regulation ofInvestigatory Powers Act 2000 (c. 23)” substitute “any of Parts 1 to 7 orChapter 1 of Part 9 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016”.

Public Audit (Wales) Act 2004

16 In section 64C(3)(b) of the Public Audit (Wales) Act 2004 (voluntaryprovision of data) for “Part 1 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act2000 (c. 23)” substitute “any of Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of theInvestigatory Powers Act 2016”.

Constitutional Reform Act 2005

17 In section 107(3)(b) of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 (disclosure ofinformation to the Judicial Appointments Commission) for “Part 1 of theRegulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (c. 23)” substitute “any of Parts1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016”.

Commissioners for Revenue and Customs Act 2005

18 In section 22(b) of the Commissioners for Revenue and Customs Act 2005(data protection, etc) for “Part 1 of the Regulation of Investigatory PowersAct 2000 (c. 23)” substitute “any of Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of theInvestigatory Powers Act 2016”.

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Serious Crime Act 2007

19 (1) The Serious Crime Act 2007 is amended as follows.

(2) In section 68(4)(b) (disclosure of information to prevent fraud) for “Part 1 ofthe Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (c. 23)” substitute “any ofParts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016”.

(3) In section 85(8)(b) (disclosure of information by Revenue and Customs) for“Part 1 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (c. 23)” substitute“any of Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of the Investigatory Powers Act2016”.

Legal Services Act 2007

20 In section 169(3)(b) of the Legal Services Act 2007 (disclosure of informationto the Legal Services Board) for “Part 1 of the Regulation of InvestigatoryPowers Act 2000 (c. 23)” substitute “any of Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016”.

Regulatory Enforcement and Sanctions Act 2008

21 In section 70(4) of the Regulatory Enforcement and Sanctions Act 2008(disclosure of information) for paragraph (b) substitute—

“(b) any of Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of the InvestigatoryPowers Act 2016.”

Counter-Terrorism Act 2008

22 In section 20(2)(b) of the Counter-Terrorism Act 2008 (disclosure and theintelligence services: supplementary provisions) for “Part 1 of theRegulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (c. 23)” substitute “any of Parts1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016”.

Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009

23 In section 19(1)(b) of the Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009(application of statutory provisions) for “Part 1 of the Regulation ofInvestigatory Powers Act 2000 (c. 23)” substitute “any of Parts 1 to 7 orChapter 1 of Part 9 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016”.

Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009

24 (1) The Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 is amended as follows.

(2) In paragraph 13(5) of Schedule 7 (further provision about civil sanctionsunder Part 4: disclosure of information) for paragraph (b) substitute—

“(b) any of Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of the InvestigatoryPowers Act 2016.”

(3) In paragraph 9(5) of Schedule 10 (further provision about fixed monetarypenalties under section 142: disclosure of information) for paragraph (b)substitute—

“(b) any of Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of the InvestigatoryPowers Act 2016.”

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Terrorist Asset-Freezing etc. Act 2010

25 In section 25(2)(b) of the Terrorist Asset-Freezing etc. Act 2010 (applicationof provisions) for “Part 1 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000”substitute “any of Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of the InvestigatoryPowers Act 2016”.

Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 (2010 asp 5)

26 In paragraph 12(5) of Schedule 2 to the Marine (Scotland) Act 2010 (furtherprovision about civil sanctions under Part 4: disclosure of information) forparagraph (b) substitute—

“(b) any of Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of the InvestigatoryPowers Act 2016.”

Charities Act 2011

27 In section 59(b) of the Charities Act 2011 (disclosure: supplementary) for“Part 1 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000” substitute “anyof Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016”.

Prisons (Interference with Wireless Telegraphy) Act 2012

28 In section 4(6) of the Prisons (Interference with Wireless Telegraphy) Act2012 (meaning of “telecommunication system”) for “Regulation ofInvestigatory Powers Act 2000” substitute “Investigatory Powers Act 2016(see section 261(13) of that Act)”.

Crime and Courts Act 2013

29 In paragraph 1(b) of Schedule 7 to the Crime and Courts Act 2013(information: restrictions on disclosure) for “Part 1 of the Regulation ofInvestigatory Powers Act 2000” substitute “any of Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1of Part 9 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016”.

Marine Act (Northern Ireland) 2013 (c. 10 (N.I.))

30 In paragraph 8(5) of Schedule 2 to the Marine Act (Northern Ireland) 2013(further provision about fixed monetary penalties under section 35:disclosure of information) for paragraph (b) substitute—

“(b) any of Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of the InvestigatoryPowers Act 2016.”

Local Audit and Accountability Act 2014

31 In paragraph 3(3)(b) of Schedule 9 to the Local Audit and Accountability Act2014 (data matching: voluntary provision of data) for “Part 1 of theRegulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000” substitute “any of Parts 1 to 7or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016”.

Anti-social Behaviour, Crime and Policing Act 2014

32 In paragraph 7(4)(b) of Schedule 4 to the Anti-social Behaviour, Crime andPolicing Act 2014 (ASB case reviews: information) for “Part 1 of the

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Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000” substitute “any of Parts 1 to 7or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016”.

Immigration Act 2014

33 In paragraph 6(b) of Schedule 6 to the Immigration Act 2014 (information)for “Part 1 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000” substitute“any of Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of the Investigatory Powers Act2016”.

Data Retention and Investigatory Powers Act 2014

34 Omit sections 4(1), 7 and 8 of the Data Retention and Investigatory PowersAct 2014 (introductory, review and final provisions).

Immigration Act 2016

35 In section 7(2)(b) of the Immigration Act 2016 (information gateways:supplementary) for “Part 1 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act2000” substitute “any of Parts 1 to 7 or Chapter 1 of Part 9 of the InvestigatoryPowers Act 2016”.

PART 2

LAWFUL INTERCEPTION OF COMMUNICATIONS

Security Service Act 1989

36 In section 1(5) of the Security Service Act 1989 (meaning of “prevention” and“detection”) for the words from “the provisions” to the end substitute “thatAct”.

Official Secrets Act 1989

37 In section 4(3) of the Official Secrets Act 1989 (crime and specialinvestigation powers) omit the “and” after paragraph (a) and afterparagraph (b) insert “and

(c) any information obtained under a warrant under Chapter 1of Part 2 or Chapter 1 of Part 6 of the Investigatory PowersAct 2016, any information relating to the obtaining ofinformation under such a warrant and any document orother article which is or has been used or held for use in, orhas been obtained by reason of, the obtaining of informationunder such a warrant.”

Intelligence Services Act 1994

38 In section 11(1A) of the Intelligence Services Act 1994 (meaning of“prevention” and “detection”) for the words from “apply” to the endsubstitute “apply for the purposes of this Act as it applies for the purposesof that Act, except that for the purposes of section 3 above it shall not includea reference to gathering evidence for use in any legal proceedings (withinthe meaning of that Act).”

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Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996

39 (1) The Criminal Procedure and Investigations Act 1996 is amended as follows.

(2) In section 3(7) (initial duty of prosecutor to disclose) for “section 17 of theRegulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000” substitute “section 56 of theInvestigatory Powers Act 2016”.

(3) In section 7A(9) (continuing duty of prosecutor to disclose) for “section 17 ofthe Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (c. 23)” substitute “section56 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016”.

(4) In section 8(6) (application by accused for disclosure) for “section 17 of theRegulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000” substitute “section 56 of theInvestigatory Powers Act 2016”.

(5) In section 23 (code of practice) for subsection (6) substitute—

“(6) The code must be so framed that it does not apply to any of thefollowing—

(a) material intercepted in obedience to a warrant issued undersection 2 of the Interception of Communications Act 1985;

(b) material intercepted under the authority of an interceptionwarrant under section 5 of the Regulation of InvestigatoryPowers Act 2000;

(c) material obtained under the authority of a warrant issuedunder Chapter 1 of Part 2 of the Investigatory Powers Act2016;

(d) material obtained under the authority of a warrant issuedunder Chapter 1 of Part 6 of that Act.”

Police Act 1997

40 In section 133A of the Police Act 1997 (meaning of “prevention” and“detection”) for the words from “the provisions” to the end substitute “thatAct”.

Scotland Act 1998

41 In Section B8 of Part 2 of Schedule 5 to the Scotland Act 1998 (reservedmatters: national security, interception of communications etc.), in thedefinition of “private telecommunication system”, for “section 2(1) of theRegulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000” substitute “section 261(14) ofthe Investigatory Powers Act 2016”.

Northern Ireland Act 1998

42 In paragraph 17 of Schedule 2 to the Northern Ireland Act 1998 (exceptedmatters) for paragraph (b) substitute—

“(b) the subject-matter of sections 3 to 10, Schedule 1, Part 2 andChapter 1 of Part 6 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016,except so far as relating to the prevention or detection ofserious crime (within the meaning of that Act);”.

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Financial Services and Markets Act 2000

43 In section 394(7)(a) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (access toFCA or PRA material) for “section 17 of the Regulation of InvestigatoryPowers Act 2000” substitute “section 56 of the Investigatory Powers Act2016”.

Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000

44 The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 is amended as follows.

45 Omit Chapter 1 of Part 1 (interception of communications).

46 (1) Section 49 (investigation of electronic data protected by encryption etc:powers under which data obtained) is amended as follows.

(2) In subsection (1)(b) after “communications” insert “or obtain secondary datafrom communications”.

(3) After subsection (9) insert—

“(9A) In subsection (1)(b) the reference to obtaining secondary data fromcommunications is to be read in accordance with section 16 of theInvestigatory Powers Act 2016.”

47 In section 71 (issue and revision of codes of practice) omit subsection (10).

48 In section 78(3)(a) (affirmative orders) omit “12(10), 13(3),”.

49 (1) Section 81 (general interpretation) is amended as follows.

(2) In subsection (1)—(a) in the definition of “criminal”, omit “or prosecution”, and(b) in the definition of “interception warrant”, for “a warrant under

section 5” substitute “—(a) a targeted interception warrant or mutual assistance

warrant under Chapter 1 of Part 2 of the InvestigatoryPowers Act 2016, or

(b) a bulk interception warrant under Chapter 1 of Part 6of that Act”.

(3) In subsection (4) omit the words from “; and references” to the end.

(4) In subsection (5) omit the words from “, except that” to the end.

50 In section 82 (amendments, repeals and savings etc.) omit subsections (4) to(6).

Criminal Justice and Licensing (Scotland) Act 2010 (2010 asp 13)

51 In section 159 of the Criminal Justice and Licensing (Scotland) Act 2010, for“section 17 of the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (c. 23)”substitute “section 56 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016”.

Justice and Security Act 2013

52 In section 6(4)(b) of the Justice and Security Act 2013 (declaration permittingclosed material applications in proceedings) for sub-paragraph (iii)

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substitute—“(iii) section 56(1) of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016

(exclusion for intercept material),”.

PART 3

ACQUISITION OF COMMUNICATIONS DATA

Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000

53 The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 is amended as follows.

54 Omit Chapter 2 of Part 1 (acquisition and disclosure of communicationsdata).

55 In section 49(1)(c) (investigation of electronic data protected by encryptionetc: powers under which data obtained)—

(a) for the words from “section 22(3)” to “Part II” substitute “Part 3 of theInvestigatory Powers Act 2016 or Part 2 of this Act”, and

(b) for “under section 22(4)” substitute “in pursuance of an authorisationunder Part 3 of the Act of 2016 or as the result of the issue of awarrant under Chapter 2 of Part 6 of the Act of 2016”.

56 In section 71(2) (issue and revision of codes of practice) omit “23A or”.

57 (1) Section 77A (procedure for order of sheriff under section 23A or 32A:Scotland) is amended as follows.

(2) In the heading and in subsection (1)—(a) for “23A” substitute “75 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016”, and(b) for “or 32A” substitute “or section 32A of this Act”.

(3) In subsection (3) for “sections 23B and 32B and this section” substitute “thissection, section 32B of this Act and section 75 of the Investigatory Powers Act2016”.

58 (1) Section 77B (procedure for order of district judge under section 23A or 32A:Northern Ireland) is amended as follows.

(2) In the heading and in subsections (1) and (4) for “section 23A or 32A”substitute “section 32A of this Act or section 75 of the Investigatory PowersAct 2016”.

(3) In subsection (4) for “sections 23B and 32B” substitute “section 32B of thisAct and section 75 of that Act”.

59 In section 78(3)(a) (affirmative orders) omit “22(9), 23A(6), 25(5),”.

60 In section 81(9) (general interpretation: certain references relating toNorthern Ireland) omit “23A(7)(b),”.

Police Reform Act 2002

61 (1) Paragraph 19ZA of Schedule 3 to the Police Reform Act 2002 (investigationsby the IPCC: information notices) is amended as follows.

(2) In sub-paragraph (3) omit—(a) the words from “(within the meaning of Chapter 2” to “2000)”, and

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283

(b) the words “(within the meaning of that Chapter)”.

(3) After sub-paragraph (3) insert—

“(3A) In sub-paragraph (3) “communications data”, “postal operator”and “telecommunications operator” have the same meanings as inthe Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (see sections 261 and 262 of thatAct).”

PART 4

RETENTION OF COMMUNICATIONS DATA

Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001

62 Omit Part 11 of the Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 (retentionof communications data).

Data Retention and Investigatory Powers Act 2014

63 Omit sections 1 and 2 of the Data Retention and Investigatory Powers Act2014 (retention of relevant communications data).

PART 5

EQUIPMENT INTERFERENCE

Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000

64 The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 is amended as follows.

65 In section 48 (interpretation of Part 2), in subsection (3)(c)—(a) omit the “or” at the end of sub-paragraph (i);(b) after sub-paragraph (ii) insert “; or

(iii) Part 5, or Chapter 3 of Part 6, of theInvestigatory Powers Act 2016 (equipmentinterference).”

66 (1) Paragraph 2 of Schedule 2 (persons having the appropriate permissionwhere data obtained under warrant etc) is amended as follows.

(2) In sub-paragraph (1)—(a) omit the “or” at the end of paragraph (a);(b) after paragraph (b) insert “; or

(c) a targeted equipment interference warrantissued under section 106 of the InvestigatoryPowers Act 2016 (powers of law enforcementchiefs to issue warrants to law enforcementofficers).”

(3) In sub-paragraph (5), at the end insert “or under a targeted equipmentinterference warrant issued under section 106 of the Investigatory PowersAct 2016.”

(4) In sub-paragraph (6)—(a) omit the “and” at the end of paragraph (b);

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(b) after paragraph (c) insert “; and(d) in relation to protected information obtained

under a warrant issued under section 106 ofthe Investigatory Powers Act 2016, means theperson who issued the warrant or, if thatperson was an appropriate delegate inrelation to a law enforcement chief, either thatperson or the law enforcement chief.”

(5) After sub-paragraph (6) insert—

“(6A) In sub-paragraph (6)(d), the references to a law enforcement chiefand to an appropriate delegate in relation to a law enforcementchief are to be read in accordance with section 106(5) of theInvestigatory Powers Act 2016.”

Regulation of Investigatory Powers (Scotland) Act 2000 (2000 asp 11)

67 The Regulation of Investigatory Powers (Scotland) Act 2000 is amended asfollows.

68 In section 5(3) (lawful surveillance etc.), after paragraph (a) (and before the“or” at the end of the paragraph), insert—

“(aa) an enactment contained in Part 5 of the Investigatory PowersAct 2016 (equipment interference) so far as relating to thePolice Service;”.

69 In section 24(2) (issue and revision of codes of practice), after paragraph (a)(and before the “and” at the end of the paragraph), insert—

“(aa) Part 5 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (equipmentinterference) so far as relating to the Police Service or thePolice Investigations and Review Commissioner;”.

Crime and Courts Act 2013

70 (1) In Schedule 1 to the Crime and Courts Act 2013 (the NCA and NCA officers),paragraph 6A (investigatory activity in Northern Ireland) is amended asfollows.

(2) In sub-paragraph (3)—(a) in the opening words, omit “an authorisation granted under any of

the following provisions”;(b) before paragraph (a) insert—

“(za) a targeted equipment interference warrant underPart 5 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016;”;

(c) in paragraph (a), for “in the” substitute “an authorisation grantedunder any of the following provisions of the”;

(d) in paragraph (b), at the beginning insert “an authorisation grantedunder”.

(3) After sub-paragraph (3) insert—

“(4) For the purpose of sub-paragraph (1), a relevant investigatoryactivity falling within sub-paragraph (3)(za) is to be regarded ascarried out in Northern Ireland if (and to the extent that)—

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(a) the equipment that is being interfered with under thewarrant is in Northern Ireland, and

(b) at the time of the carrying out of the activity, the NCAofficer knows that the equipment is in Northern Ireland.

(5) Sub-paragraph (6) applies where—(a) in the carrying out by an NCA officer of a relevant

investigatory activity falling within sub-paragraph (3)(za),equipment in Northern Ireland is interfered with underthe warrant,

(b) at the time the interference begins, the NCA officer doesnot know that the equipment is in Northern Ireland, and

(c) at any time while the interference is continuing, the NCAofficer becomes aware that the equipment is in NorthernIreland.

(6) The NCA officer is not to be regarded as in breach of sub-paragraph (1) if the interference continues after the NCA officerbecomes aware that the equipment is in Northern Ireland,provided that the officer informs the Chief Constable of the PoliceService of Northern Ireland about the interference as soon asreasonably practicable.”

PART 6

JUDICIAL COMMISSIONERS

Police Act 1997

71 The Police Act 1997 is amended as follows.

72 In section 103(8) (appeals) for “the period” substitute “any period”.

73 In section 105(1)(b)(iii) (reports of appeals dismissed) omit “under section107(2),”.

74 In section 108(1) (interpretation of Part 3) after the definition of “designateddeputy” insert—

““the Investigatory Powers Commissioner” and “JudicialCommissioner” have the same meanings as in theInvestigatory Powers Act 2016 (see section 263(1) of thatAct);”.

Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000

75 The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 is amended as follows.

76 In section 37(9)(a) (appeals against decisions of ordinary SurveillanceCommissioners) for “the period” substitute “any period”.

77 In section 39(3) (appeals: reports of Chief Surveillance Commissioner)—(a) for “Subsections (3) and (4) of section 107 of the Police Act 1997”

substitute “Subsections (6) to (8) of section 234 of the InvestigatoryPowers Act 2016”, and

(b) for “subsection (2) of that section” substitute “subsection (1) of thatsection”.

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286

78 Omit section 40 (information to be provided to SurveillanceCommissioners).

79 In section 51(7)(b) (notification to Intelligence Services Commissioner orChief Surveillance Commissioner of certain directions relating to thedisclosure of a key to protected information) for “the Commissioner inquestion” substitute “the Investigatory Powers Commissioner”.

80 (1) Section 64 (delegation of Commissioners’ functions) is amended as follows.

(2) In the heading for “Commissioners’ functions” substitute “functions of theInvestigatory Powers Commissioner for Northern Ireland”.

(3) In subsection (1)—(a) omit “or any provision of an Act of the Scottish Parliament”, and(b) for “a relevant Commissioner” substitute “the Investigatory Powers

Commissioner for Northern Ireland”.

(4) Omit subsection (2).

81 In section 71(2) (issue and revision of codes of practice) for “the SurveillanceCommissioners” substitute “a Judicial Commissioner”.

82 (1) Section 72 (effect of codes of practice) is amended as follows.

(2) In subsection (4) for paragraphs (c) to (e) (and the word “or” betweenparagraphs (d) and (e)) substitute—

“(ba) the Investigatory Powers Commissioner for Northern Irelandcarrying out functions under this Act, or

(bb) the Investigatory Powers Commissioner or any other JudicialCommissioner carrying out functions under this Act, theInvestigatory Powers Act 2016 or the Police Act 1997,”.

(3) Omit subsection (5).

83 (1) Section 81(1) (general definitions) is amended as follows.

(2) Omit the definitions of “Assistant Surveillance Commissioner”, “ordinarySurveillance Commissioner”, “Surveillance Commissioner” and “ChiefSurveillance Commissioner”.

(3) After the definition of “interception warrant” insert—““the Investigatory Powers Commissioner” and “Judicial

Commissioner” have the same meanings as in theInvestigatory Powers Act 2016 (see section 263(1) of thatAct);”.

Regulation of Investigatory Powers (Scotland) Act 2000 (2000 asp 11)

84 The Regulation of Investigatory Powers (Scotland) Act 2000 is amended asfollows.

85 In the cross-heading before section 2 (Surveillance Commissioners) for“Surveillance” substitute “Judicial”.

86 In section 2(10) (restrictions on appeals against Commissioners)—(a) for “Chief Surveillance Commissioner” substitute “Investigatory

Powers Commissioner”, and

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(b) for “other Surveillance Commissioner” substitute “other JudicialCommissioner”.

87 In the heading of section 16 for “Surveillance Commissioners” substitute“Judicial Commissioners”.

88 Omit section 18 (information to be provided to SurveillanceCommissioners).

89 In the cross-heading before section 21 (Chief Surveillance Commissioner) for“Chief Surveillance” substitute “Investigatory Powers”.

90 Omit section 21 (functions of Chief Surveillance Commissioner).

91 (1) Section 22 (co-operation with, and reports by, Chief SurveillanceCommissioner) is amended as follows.

(2) Omit subsection (1).

(3) In subsection (2) for “Chief Surveillance Commissioner” substitute“Investigatory Powers Commissioner”.

(4) In subsection (3)—(a) for “Chief Surveillance Commissioner” substitute “Investigatory

Powers Commissioner”, and(b) after “under” insert “, and in relation to,”.

92 In section 24(2) (issue and revision of codes of practice) for “the SurveillanceCommissioners appointed under this Act or the Commissioners holdingoffice under section 91 of that Act” substitute “the Judicial Commissioners”.

93 In section 26(4) (effect of codes of practice)—(a) in paragraph (b) for “Chief Surveillance Commissioner” substitute

“Investigatory Powers Commissioner”, and(b) in paragraph (c) for “a Surveillance Commissioner” substitute “a

Judicial Commissioner (other than the Investigatory PowersCommissioner)”.

94 (1) Section 31(1) (interpretation) is amended as follows.

(2) After the definitions of “directed” and “intrusive” insert—““the Investigatory Powers Commissioner” and “Judicial

Commissioner” have the same meanings as in theInvestigatory Powers Act 2016 (see section 263(1) of thatAct);”.

(3) Omit the definitions of “ordinary Surveillance Commissioner”,“Surveillance Commissioner” and “Chief Surveillance Commissioner”.

Terrorism Prevention and Investigation Measures Act 2011

95 In section 21(3)(b) of the Terrorism Prevention and Investigation MeasuresAct 2011 (duty to consult certain persons before making an order for thecontinuation, repeal etc. of TPIM powers) for “the Intelligence ServicesCommissioner” substitute “the Investigatory Powers Commissioner”.

Protection of Freedoms Act 2012

96 The Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 is amended as follows.

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97 (1) Section 29 (code of practice for surveillance camera systems) is amended asfollows.

(2) In subsection (5)(d) (duty to consult certain persons in preparing code) for“the Chief Surveillance Commissioner” substitute “the Investigatory PowersCommissioner”.

(3) In subsection (7) omit the definition of “the Chief SurveillanceCommissioner”.

98 In section 33(8)(d) (duty to consult before making an order identifying whomust have regard to the code) for “the Chief Surveillance Commissioner”substitute “the Investigatory Powers Commissioner”.

PART 7

OTHER MINOR AND CONSEQUENTIAL PROVISION

Telecommunications Act 1984

99 Omit section 94 of the Telecommunications Act 1984 (directions in theinterests of national security etc.).

Northern Ireland Act 1998

100 In paragraph 17 of Schedule 2 to the Northern Ireland Act 1998 (exceptedmatters) after “subversion;” insert “the Technical Advisory Board providedfor by section 245 of the Investigatory Powers Act 2016;”.

Communications Act 2003

101 (1) The Communications Act 2003 is amended as follows.

(2) In section 401(5)(g), for “sections 47 to 49” substitute “section 47 or 48”.

(3) In Schedule 18 (transitional provisions), omit paragraph 24 (which relates tosection 94 of the Telecommunications Act 1984).

PART 8

REPEALS AND REVOCATIONS CONSEQUENTIAL ON OTHER REPEALS OR AMENDMENTS IN THIS ACT

General amendments

Lawful interception of communications

Title Extent of repeal or revocation

Serious Crime Act 2015 Section 83.Section 86(12).In Schedule 4, paragraph 18.

Title Extent of repeal or revocation

Regulation of InvestigatoryPowers Act 2000

In Schedule 4, paragraphs 7(2) and 9.

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Acquisition and retention of communications data

Anti-terrorism, Crime andSecurity Act 2001

Section 116(3).

Inquiries Act 2005 In Schedule 2, paragraphs 20 and 21.

Terrorism Act 2006 Section 32.Wireless Telegraphy Act 2006 In Schedule 7, paragraphs 22 and 23.

National Health Service(Consequential Provisions)Act 2006

In Schedule 1, paragraph 208.

Armed Forces Act 2006 In Schedule 16, paragraph 169.Serious Crime Act 2007 In Schedule 12, paragraph 6.

Counter-Terrorism Act 2008 Sections 69 and 74.Policing and Crime Act 2009 Section 100.Terrorist Asset-Freezing etc. Act

2010Section 28(2) and (3).

Terrorism Prevention andInvestigation Measures Act2011

In Schedule 7, paragraph 4.

Regulation of InvestigatoryPowers (Monetary PenaltyNotices and Consents forInterceptions) Regulations2011 (S.I. 2011/1340)

The whole Regulations.

Health and Social Care Act 2012 In Schedule 5, paragraph 98.

Justice and Security Act 2013 Section 16.In Schedule 2, paragraph 11.

Crime and Courts Act 2013 In Schedule 8, paragraph 78.

In Schedule 9, paragraph 125.Data Retention and

Investigatory Powers Act2014

Section 3(1) and (2).Section 4(2) to (7).Section 5.

Counter-Terrorism and SecurityAct 2015

Section 15(3).In Schedule 8, paragraph 2.

Title Extent of repeal or revocation

Serious Organised Crime andPolice Act 2005

In Schedule 4, paragraph 135.

Serious Crime Act 2007 In Schedule 12, paragraphs 7 and 8.Police, Public Order and

Criminal Justice (Scotland)Act 2006 (ConsequentialProvisions andModifications) Order 2007(S.I. 2007/1098)

In the Schedule, paragraph 4(5).

Title Extent of repeal or revocation

Investigatory Powers Act 2016 (c. 25)Schedule 10 — Minor and consequential provision

Part 8 — Repeals and revocations consequential on other repeals or amendments in this Act

290

Judicial Commissioners

Policing and Crime Act 2009 Section 7.In Schedule 7, paragraphs 13 and 14.

Protection of Freedoms Act2012

Section 37.

In Schedule 9, paragraphs 7 and 8 and, inparagraph 16(b), sub-paragraph (i) (and theword “and” at the end of sub-paragraph (i)).

Crime and Courts Act 2013 In Schedule 8, paragraph 81.Police and Fire Reform

(Scotland) Act 2012(Consequential Provisionsand Modifications) Order2013 (S.I. 2013/602)

In Schedule 2, paragraph 33(5) to (8) and (15)(a).

Data Retention andInvestigatory Powers Act2014

Section 3(3) and (4).Section 4(8) to (10).

Counter-Terrorism and SecurityAct 2015

Section 21.Section 52(3)(a).

Title Extent of repeal or revocation

Scotland Act 1998 (Cross-Border Public Authorities)(Adaptation of Functionsetc.) Order 1999 (S.I. 1999/1747)

In Schedule 6, paragraph 2(2) and (5).

Regulation of InvestigatoryPowers Act 2000

In Schedule 4, paragraph 8(1), (10) and (11).

Insolvency Act 2000 In Schedule 4, paragraph 22(2).Scotland Act 1998 (Transfer of

Functions to the ScottishMinisters etc.) (No. 2) Order2000 (S.I. 2000/3253)

In Schedule 3, paragraphs 9 to 12.

Insolvency Act 2000 (CompanyDirectors DisqualificationUndertakings) Order 2004(S.I. 2004/1941)

In the Schedule, paragraph 10.

Constitutional Reform Act 2005 In Schedule 17, paragraphs 27 and 30(2)(a) and(b).

Tribunals, Courts andEnforcement Act 2007

In Schedule 16, paragraph 11(2).

Serious Crime Act 2007 In Schedule 12, paragraph 3.

Title Extent of repeal or revocation

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291

Other minor and consequential provision

Companies Act 2006(ConsequentialAmendments, TransitionalProvisions and Savings)Order 2009 (S.I. 2009/1941)

In Schedule 1, paragraph 169.

Police Reform and SocialResponsibility Act 2011

In Schedule 16, paragraph 222.

Protection of Freedoms Act2012

In Schedule 9, paragraphs 10 and 11.

Justice and Security Act 2013 Section 5.In Schedule 2, paragraph 4.

Crime and Courts Act 2013 In Schedule 8, paragraph 59.In Schedule 21, paragraph 4.

Police and Fire Reform(Scotland) Act 2012(Consequential Provisionsand Modifications) Order2013 (S.I. 2013/602)

In Schedule 1, paragraph 6(6).In Schedule 2, paragraph 33(20) and (22)(c).

Anti-social Behaviour, Crimeand Policing Act 2014

Section 150.

Data Retention andInvestigatory Powers Act2014

Section 6.

Title Extent of repeal or revocation

Communications Act 2003 In Schedule 17, paragraph 70.

Title Extent of repeal or revocation

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CHAPTER 25

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