investigation of avian predation upon salmonid smolts with the use of an active acoustic / pit tag...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Investigation of Avian Predation Upon Salmonid Smolts With the Use of an Active Acoustic / PIT Tag Combination Curt Dotson – Grant PUD Suzie Rizor – Blue](https://reader037.vdocuments.mx/reader037/viewer/2022110320/56649cd65503460f9499d16e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Investigation of Avian Predation Upon Salmonid Smolts With the Use of an Active Acoustic / PIT Tag Combination
Curt Dotson – Grant PUDSuzie Rizor – Blue Leaf Environmental
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Project History
• To meet relicensing agreements Grant PUD is in the process of conducting survival studies.
• Despite excellent concrete survival, steelhead reservoir survival is low.
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Why Low Steelhead Survival?
• Piscivorous Fish
• Avian Predation
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Avian Predation
• In 2007, acoustic tags were returned to Grant PUD by Real Time Research and confirmed that a subset of our study fish were consumed by birds.
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Wanapum Dam
Priest Rapids Dam
Mattawa
Rock Island Dam
Vernita Bridge Ringold
Study Site
WashingtonOregon
RM 453
RM 388
RM 408
RM 416
RM 397
RM 361
0 5 10 Miles
Flow
Detection Array
Hydro Project
Questions
• Where were the fish removed from the river?
• Did the take impact survival numbers?
Taken after the project = No Impact
Taken in project = Impact
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• Combined technologies– Acoustic tag mated to PIT tag
• Goals– Explore impacts of avian predation
In 2008, after Grant PUD became aware of tag origin issues, study designs were modified.
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Combination Acoustic / PIT tag“Best of Both Worlds”
Hydroacoustic Technology, INC Model 795 acoustic tag
Biomark RFID Model TXP 148511B PIT Tag
Limited battery lifeLimited detection efficiency
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Tag Dimensions
• 2008 and 2009 combined tag dimensions 6.8 x 21.8 mm, 1.65 g in air.
• 2010 combined tag dimensions 5.0 x 17.5 mm, 0.76g in air.
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Goals/Objectives
1. Quantify Avian Predation– Species– Nesting and roosting locations– Estimate depredation rates
2. Estimate areas of highest predation– Forebay, tailrace, mid-reservoir
3. Differences in susceptibility of passage– Powerhouse, Bypass/Top-spill, Spillway
4. Evaluate effectiveness of hazing and wire arrays
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Wanapum Dam
Priest Rapids Dam
Mattawa
Rock Island Dam
Vernita Bridge Ringold
Study Site
WashingtonOregon
RM 453
RM 388
RM 408
RM 416
RM 397
RM 361
0 5 10 Miles
Flow
Detection Array
Hydro Project
Year
2008 2009 2010
Steelhead 2,200 2,100 2,500
Chinook 1,000
Sockeye 2,100
Releases
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Wanapum Dam
Priest Rapids Dam
Rocky Reach Dam
Mattawa
Rock Island Dam
Vernita BridgeRingold
RM 453
RM 388
RM 408
RM 416
RM 397RM 361
0 4 8 Miles
Flow
Detection Array
Hydro Project
Potholes Reservoir
Banks Lake
Crescent Island
Loafing Area
Banks Lake
Crescent Island
Loafing Area
Potholes Reservoir
Crescent Island
Banks Lake
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Quantity of Fish Taken
Potholes Reservoir Crescent Island
Num
ber o
f Fis
h
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Steelhead Sockeye Chinook
2008 2009 2010 2009 2010
Tern Gulls Tern/Mix Tern Mix Tern Tern Gulls
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Avian Prey Selection
• No difference– Release groups– Condition factor = (10 * weight^(1/3))/length– Dam passage routes
• Preference– Steelhead– Fork length range (190-210 mm)– Hatchery stock
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Reach
RIDM - WADM WADM - MATT MATT - PRDM PRDM - VEBR VEBR - RING
Perc
ent o
f Tag
s Re
cove
red
by R
each
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10200820092010Cumulative % 2008Cumulative % 2009Cumulative % 2010
Reach
RIDM - WADM WADM - MATT MATT - PRDM PRDM - VEBR VEBR - RING
Perc
ent R
ecov
ered
by
Reac
h
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9200820092010Cumulative 2008Cumulative 2009Cumulative 2010
Steelhead Taken by Reach
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Steelhead Taken by River Mile
Reach
RIDM - WADM WADM - MATT MATT - PRDM PRDM - VEBR VEBR - RING
Perc
ent R
ecov
ered
Per
Rive
r Mile
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16200820092010
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Percent of Steelhead Tags Recovered
Year
2008 2009 2010
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10% Percent TakenPercent Effecting Survival
4.3%
2.3%
6.4%
2.6%
8.1%
2.2%
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• 64% of recovered tags came from Potholes Reservoir – Predominantly Caspian terns
• Detection Rate at Potholes was estimated to be 52% (A. Evans, pers. comm. 2010)
• Deposition rate unknown
• We extrapolated that a minimum of 3.3% steelhead released by Grant PUD were consumed above Vernita Bridge.
Impact of Potholes Reservoir Avian Colonies on 2010 Steelhead Survival
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Crescent Island
• In 2009, there were 6,500 nesting pairs of California gulls and 350 nesting pairs of Caspian terns on the island.
• In 2010, a total of 8,255 PIT tags were detected in the tern colony and 3,985 PIT tags were detected in the gull colony. (A. Evans, AFEP presentation 2010)
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Hazing and Wire Arrays
• Deterrents are effective in the immediate tailraces of both dams.
• Avian predation pressure has shifted downstream of both dams.
• Overall avian predation within the project has not decreased.
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Next Steps
• Locate predation “hot spots” within the reservoirs
• Estimate the effects of piscivorous fish
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Acknowledgements
• NOAA Fisheries
• USGS-Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
• Oregon State University
• Real Time Research
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Questions?