Investigation & Arrest – BIG PICTURE

Starting a Police Investigation Police arrive at the crime scene

help injured people call for backup search scene – ensure public safety

protect & preserve crime scene center of crime scene = area where

crime actually took place perimeter of crime scene = area around

the ‘center’ – where offender may have been and may have left evidence

Starting a Police Investigation (continued)

contamination = when physical evidence is lost, destroyed, or altered

Police log = written record of what officers have witnessed

officers’ roles at crime scene patrol officer = first to arrive – secure crime scene scenes of crime officer = experts in collecting

evidence (fingerprints, photographs, etc.) – less serious crimes

criminal identification officer = experts in collecting & analyzing evidence for more serious crimes

criminal investigations bureau officer = specialist – supervises investigations, conducts interviews

Identifying & Collecting Physical Evidence physical evidence

…is any object, impression, or body element that can be used to prove or disprove facts relating to an offence

forensic science …is the use of biochemical and other

scientific techniques to analyze evidence in a criminal investigation

tools

impressions …are patterns or marks found on surfaces and caused

by various objects class characteristics

…general attributes of an object individual characteristics

…specific and unique features of an object fingerprint

…the mark left behind after a fingertip touches an object

visible fingerprint …coated with something – visible to the naked eye

Identifying & Collecting Physical Evidence (continued)

Identifying & Collecting Physical Evidence (continued)

latent fingerprint …formed by natural oils and perspiration – not

visible to the naked eye

gloves shoe prints & tire tracks

body elements & DNA DNA testing

procedures for labeling evidence

Arrest & Detention

questioning the accused interrogation techniques – 4 stage

approach – ask suspect to describe… …the entire incident …the period before the offence took place …the details of the actual offence …the period following the offence

arrest & detention procedures arrest

…legally depriving someone of liberty by seizing or touching the person to indicate that he or she is in custody

Arrest & Detention (continued)

detention …legally depriving a person of liberty for the purpose

of asking questions, with or without physical restraint reasonable grounds

…information that would lead a reasonable person to conclude that the suspect had committed a criminal offence

appearance notice appearance notice

…a legal document, usually issued for less serious offences, compelling an accused person to appear in court

bench warrant …an arrest warrant issued directly by the Judge

when an accused person fails to appear in court

Arrest & Detention (continued)

arrest with a warrant summons

…a legal document issued for an indictable offence, ordering an accused person to appear in court

information …a statement given under oath, informing the Court

of the details of the offence arrest warrant

…a written court order, directing the arrest of the suspect

arrest without a warrant citizen’s arrest

…an arrest without a warrant by someone other than a peace officer

Arrest & Detention (continued) searches

searching a person searching a place

search warrant …a court document that gives the police the right

to search a specific location

procedures after arrest photographs fingerprints lineup etc.

Pretrial Release

pretrial release promise to appear

…signed agreement that an accused person will appear in court at the time of the trial

recognizance …guarantee that the accused will appear in

court when required, under penalty of a fine of up to $500

surety …person who agrees to make a payment if the

accused does not appear at trial

Pretrial Release (continued)

bail bail

…the temporary release of an accused who posts money or some other security

show-cause hearing …judicial hearing in which the Crown or the

accused has to convince the Judge either to detain or release the accused before trial

habeas corpus habeas corpus

…court order designed to prevent unlawful arrest by ensuring that anyone detained is charged before a court within a reasonable amount of time

Final Thought