Investigating the Links Between GMES & Emission Inventories - An Update

Justin Goodwin: ETC-ACC Supported by EEA

TFEIP Meeting Stockholm 3th May 2011

GMES services and emission inventories• GMES (Global Monitoring for

Environment and Security) European Earth Observation Program for the implementation of information services set up to support EU environmental policy and security.

• 1) Workshop 10-11th October 2011 to explore from two perspectives:– 1. Emission inventory as input to

GMES services– 2. Using GMES data in emission

inventory compilation

• 2) Develop ongoing work programme over a number of years

Emission Inventory

Programmes

Inventory Improvement

New Spatial, Temporal,

Verification

GMES Services

GMES Improvement

New Spatial, Temporal,

Verification

Workshop Objectives

• GMES Emission Estimation. – Successes– future opportunities

•  Themes... – Downscaling: Cities/spatial grids using in-situ and

satellite data– Now-casting: Real time data collection– Sectoral estimates: e.g. gap filling, shipping, road

transport, wildfires– Verification: Consistency between GMES/MACC

emission inventory and official inventories (LRTAP, UNFCCC)

Who may be interested?

• Earth Observation & GMES community, • Scientific modeling (air quality, climate and ecosystem modeling),• Emission inventory community, • Policy makers and industry with an interest in emission inventory

improvement and verification.

Emissions Inventories GMES

Problems with Inventories for GMES • Annual National Inventories:

– national totals only with 50x50km + Large Point Sources for some air pollutants.– Time-lag (~2 years) and by the time modelling enhancements are applied ~ 3-5 years– Limited details of monthly, daily or hourly variations available.

• Regulated installation inventories:– Limited detail of source categories, stack height, activity data, temporal (only annual totals: not

monthly, daily or hourly) variations.– Thresholds and threshold reporting limits the usability of the data and the comparability with real

emissions.– Time-lag (~2 years), No projections

• City Inventories:– Irregular update frequency (often out of date)– Time consuming and bespoke, involving lots of data suppliers without long term data flows or

strong institutional arrangements.– Lack of standards and consistent/comparable emissions datasets limit quality.– Difficult to integrate/compare with national inventories/statistics.– Time-lag in production (~2 years) and no projections.

• Global Inventories:– Time-lag in production (~5 years)– Limit on level of spatial detail achievable globally– Large dataset to maintain with many inconsistencies with other smaller scale data to resolve.– Irregular update frequency (often out of date)– Limited accuracy through use of “generic” global datasets (e.g. population, employment etc)

Improving Emissions Inventories1. Integration & Data from facility

reporting (energy consumption, stack height and temporal variation) (IPPC/E-PRTR/EUETS).

2. More survey/census data (e.g. Domestic wood, cities, fuel type)

3. Methods to use proxy data indicators (e.g. temperature, traffic flows, electricity/gas demand).

4. Continuous emissions monitoring networks OGC –Sensor Observation Services

5. Automatic Number Plate Recognition for road traffic.

6. Aircraft flight data.

7. Shipping route data.

8. Real time energy supply data (e.g. http://www.nationalgrid.com/uk/Electricity/Data/Realtime/Demand/).

9. Temporal variations (e.g. monthly, daily and hourly traffic, energy demand and production, agricultural activity etc).

10.Speciation of pollutants (e.g. NMVOC, Heavy Metals, and POPs).

11.PM characteristics EC, OC, BC, PM size distribution and particle number.

12.City/urban inventory Standards

13.INSPIRE.

14.Annual inventories to y-1

15.Improve national data consistency and flows.

GMES Emissions Inventories

Problems with GMES for inventories

• National Inventory Compilation – Methods and data sources well established and utilise national statistics and other ground

based datasets.– Limited “intensity” information unable to “Quantify” national emissions for energy, waste and

industrial process emissions. E.g. Fuel use, traffic density, numbers of cars, fuel type.– Cloud cover and/or instrument failure may prohibit a continuous operation and quality may

vary between countries depending on climatic conditions.– Limitation on historic datasets. Cannot go back to years before the satellites existed.

• Spatial emissions distribution. – Limited intensity information, (better for area based source/removal categories)– Limitation on historic datasets and timeseries mapping.

• Inventory verification.– Modelling and data needs for verification.– Some questions about update frequency if EAS GlobCover dataset is becoming available in

2010 showing 2005 data.

Improving GMES services for emission inventories

• National Inventory Compilation:– emissions/removals and biomass from forest growth and deforestation (LULUCF) and natural sources

(Volcanoes, forest fires).– no other satellite based datasets known that are viable replacements or enhancements to established

statistics (energy, waste, agriculture and industrial process) based inventory accounting.

• Spatial & temporal emissions distribution:– GPS tracking of vehicle movements & type to estimate traffic intensity.– Inverse near-real-time modelling of atmospheric concentrations and emissions based on high resolution

column measurement data.– spatial distribution of forest growth and deforestation– spatial distribution of statistics based agriculture Crop types and areas, fertilizer applications and

management practice surveys.– A number of these techniques are quite well advanced and have been tested in a number of EU projects

(APMOSPHERE, IMPRESARIO, GEMs, PROMOTE)

• Inventory Verification:– Verification of emissions from and location of Large Emission Sources based on their stack plumes.– verifying Landuse, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) inventories reported under

UNFCCC/EUMM by providing detailed maps of forest change.– Verification based on inverse modelling of column measurement.– This is a relatively new solution to independent verification of reported emissions inventory data.

Approaches still have high uncertainties and methods need streamlining and developing.

Thank you

http://acm.eionet.europa.eu/meetings

1) Scoping Paper 2010 ETC-ACC 2010 (see ETC-ACC)

2) Workshop 10-11th October 2011 Copenhagen register at:

3) Plan for a multi-annual work programme to facilitate engagement between GMES and Emissions communities