invertebates molluscs ch. 7. objectives body structure phylum mollusca more species in ocean than...
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InvertebatesMolluscs
Ch. 7
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Objectives
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Body Structure
• phylum Mollusca• More species in ocean
than any other animal group (over 200,000)
• Soft body in a calcium carbonate shell – Many variations on this
• Mantle– Thin layer of tissue that
secretes shell
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Body Type• Foot
– Muscular, used to move• Radula
– Unique to molluscs– Made of chitin– Ribbon of small teeth
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Blood Sucker!
• Cooper’s nutmeg snail prey on electric rays
• Extends its long proboscis
• Makes a tiny cut in the rays skin with its radula
• Sucks the blood out
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Types of Molluscs: Gastropods
• Largest, most common, and most varied group
• 75,000 + species, mostly marine
• Snails, limpets, abalones, nudibranchs
Limpet with barnacles
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Nudibranchs
• Huge variety—3000 + species
• Blind• Prey on stinging creatures• Store prey’s sting and
recycle it in their own defense through feather plumes (also gills)
• Lifespan is several weeks• hermaphrodites
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Types of Molluscs: Bivalves
• Clams, mussels, oysters, and more
• Two valves, or shells• Filter out small food
particles from the water
Abalone
Giant Clam, Palau
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Oysters and Pearls
• Oyster secretes layers of calcium carbonate to coat irritating particles or parasites in the mantle
• Cultured pearls are obtained by inserting a tiny bit of shell or plastic into the mantle
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Cephalopods• Octopuses, squids,
cuttlefishes, and others• Active, complex
nervous system• Agile swimmers• Foot modified into arms
& tentacles– “cephalopod” translates
to head-footed
• Large eyes, similar to ours
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Cephalopods
• Lack a hard shell (except for the chambered nautilus)– Squid and cuttlefish have
hard shells inside the body
• All are carnivores• All have a mantles• Eyes have cornea, lens,
and retina
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Octopuses: How They Move
• Jet propulsion!• Move by taking in
water to the mantle then forcing it out the siphon– Siphon points all
directions
• Can move up to 25 mph
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Octopuses: All sizes
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Can change shape
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Can Change Color
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Ink used to distract predators
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Great Hunters: a built in Swiss army knife
• Retractable beak (similar to a parrot’s)– Breaking open clam
shells and tearing flesh
• Radula– Used to scrape animals
out of shells
• Salivary Papillas– Drills into shells– Secretion erodes shell
and weakens prey
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Octopus vs. Shark
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Chambered Nautilus• Lives 400 m deep, but
ascends up to look for food at night
• Contains gas filled floatation chambers in shell
• Closest relatives are squid and octopus
• Tentacles have chemical sensors—detecting predators and prey
• Eats once a month
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Cuttlefish
• There actually not fish at all. Let’s watch a movie…
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Squid• Known for speed and
agility• Use jet propulsion
– Up to 23 mph, 12 feet out of the water
• Live 1.5-3 years• Swim in schools (unlike
other molluscs)• 10 arms, two are
tentacles
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The Vampire Squid• Vampyroteuthis
infernalis• Found in tropical and
temperate regions• Ear-like fins• Only about 6 inches
long• Live at a depth of 3000
ft.• Has tooth-like spikes on
its arms
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The Humboldt Squid
• Also known as jumbo squid or red devils
• Up to 6 ft and 100 pounds
• Live between 600 and 2200 feet deep
• 1-2 year lifespan• Cannibals• Very aggresive
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Beak and Suckers
• Suckers have hooks and teeth
• Razor sharp beak
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Dive with Humboldt Squid
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GIANT Squid
• Largest: 59 ft long, 900 kg (just under a ton)
• Biggest invertebrate on earth
• Largest eyes in animal kingdom (10 cm across)
• Deep sea is their home
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That’s a big, dead squid!
• Washed ashore, NZ, 1996
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Mysterious…• First time photographed
alive was in 2006• 2,950 feet down in the
North Pacific Ocean in Japanese waters
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Giant Squid footage
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Giant Squid vs. Sperm Whale
• Remains of Giant Squid often found in Sperm whale’s stomachs
• Marks made by squid suckers have been seen on whale skin
• Let’s watch a movie