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Inventions that Changed the World c Pearson Education Limited 2008 Inventions that Changed the World - Answer keys of 3 Answer keys LEVEL 4 PENGUIN READERS Teacher Support Programme Book key 1–2 Open answers 3 a cannon  rifle b floppy disk  processor c rocket  satellite d compass  radar 4 a Leonardo da Vinci  b Pythagoras  c Marco Polo 5 Open answers 6 a F  b F  c T  d F  e F  f T  g T  h F i T 7 1 b  2 e  3 d 4 f  5 a 6 c  7 g  8 I  9 h 8 a 5 cm b 8 c 440 d 2 9 a writing numbers with two signs  b the number 1.414213 … c a way of proving things d writing numbers with letters e writing numbers with nine signs f algebra 10 160 meters 11 a faster b Italy c India d on a map e The curve of the earth means that they get further  from the ground the further they travel. 12 a 4  b 5  c 2  d 3  e 1 13 Open answers 14 Open answers  (a 11th or 12th  b 14th century  c 19th century  d 16th century  e 19th century) 15 a cannon b gunpowder in Europe c the Mary Rose d the Victory e the repeating handgun f a machine gun with ten barrels g a machine gun with one barrel 16 Possible answers: People could learn to use a  matchlock more quickly. Matchlocks could kill,  through metal, from a greater distance. Bullets were  more dangerous. Inexperienced enemy soldiers were  frightened by the noise and smoke that matchlocks  produced.  17 Open answers 18 a high b low c outside d land vehicle e separately  f improved  g built h ships i inside  j Germany 19 a It was too slow. b Horses or water. c The steamboat (1783). d They were too heavy. e Karl Benz. f It could only fly for a short time. 20 Open answers 21 1 g  2 b  3 i  4 a  5 c  6 e 7 d 8 f 9 h 22–23 Open answers 24 a moving arms on buildings b horses c electric telegraph d telephone e radio f television 25 üüü üß ßß üüß ü üßüü S  a  m  u  e  l ßß ßßß üßü üüü ü M  o  r  s  e üü ßü üüüß ü ßü ß ü ßüü i  n  v  e  n  t  e  d ß üüüü üü üüü üü ßü t  h  i  s  i  n üßßßß ßßßüü üüüßß ßßüüü 1  8  3  7 26 Open answers (a False. It was planned by Charles Babbage in the  early 19th century. b True c True d True e False. She sent it in 1976. f False. (He invented the World Wide Web.) 

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Inventions that Changed the World

c Pearson Education Limited 2008 Inventions that Changed the World - Answer keys � of 3

Answer keys LEVEL 4PENGUIN READERS

Teacher Support Programme

Book key

1–2  Open answers3  a cannon  rifle b  floppy disk  processor c rocket  satellite d compass  radar4 a Leonardo da Vinci  b Pythagoras  c Marco Polo5 Open answers6 a  F  b  F  c  T  d  F  e  F  f T  g  T  h  F  i  T7 1 b  2 e  3 d 4 f  5 a 6 c  7 g  8 I  9 h8  a  5 cm b  8 c  440 d  29  a writing numbers with two signs  b the number 1.414213 … c a way of proving things d writing numbers with letters e writing numbers with nine signs f algebra10  160 meters11 a faster b Italy c India d on a map e The curve of the earth means that they get further 

from the ground the further they travel.12  a  4  b  5  c  2  d  3  e  113  Open answers14  Open answers   (a 11th or 12th  b 14th century  c 19th century  d 16th century  e 19th century)15  a  cannon b  gunpowder in Europe c  the Mary Rose d  the Victory e  the repeating handgun f  a machine gun with ten barrels g  a machine gun with one barrel

16  Possible answers: People could learn to use a matchlock more quickly. Matchlocks could kill, through metal, from a greater distance. Bullets were more dangerous. Inexperienced enemy soldiers were frightened by the noise and smoke that matchlocks produced. 

17  Open answers18 a  high b  low c outside d  land vehicle e separately  f improved  g  built h  ships i  inside  j Germany19  a It was too slow. b Horses or water. c  The steamboat (1783). d  They were too heavy. e  Karl Benz. f It could only fly for a short time.20  Open answers21  1  g  2 b  3 i  4 a  5  c  6  e 7 d 8  f 9 h22–23  Open answers24 a moving arms on buildings b horses c electric telegraph d telephone e radio f television25 üüü  üß  ßß  üüß  ü  üßüü  S  a  m  u  e  lßß  ßßß  üßü  üüü  ü  M  o  r  s  e üü  ßü  üüüß  ü  ßü  ß  ü  ßüü  i  n  v  e  n  t  e  dß  üüüü  üü  üüü  üü  ßü  t  h  i  s  i  n üßßßß  ßßßüü  üüüßß  ßßüüü  1  8  3  726 Open answers  (a  False. It was planned by Charles Babbage in the 

early 19th century. b  True c  True d  True e False. She sent it in 1976. f False. (He invented the World Wide Web.) 

Inventions that Changed the World

c Pearson Education Limited 2008 Inventions that Changed the World - Answer keys 2 of 3

Answer keys LEVEL 4PENGUIN READERS

Teacher Support Programme

27  Apple II 6  Colossus 1  ENAIC 3  PDP-8 5  UNIVAC 1 4  Z3 228 a  had 25,000 parts. b  counted the U.S. population. c  was finished in Switzerland. d  was right when people were wrong. e  is still true. f  was one of the first personal computers. g  was better than tapes. h  made the Internet more popular. 29 Open answers30 a an animal b a Bible c plants d a wedding ring e spears f a streetcar g a machine on a factory roof31–41 Open answers

Discussion activities key1 The presses used for printing were similar to those 

used for making wine.2  Open answers3 Open answers.Bill Gates is the creator of Windows 

and the owner of Microsoft.4 Open answers5 10.5 (11 – ½); their most important contribution was 

the spreading of mathematical knowledge in Europe.6–7 Open answers8 (32 × 5) × (6 × 5) ; 160 × 30 ; 240 ;           (4 × 5)     20  (XXXII × V) × (VI × V) ; CCXL        (IV × V)9–16  Open answers17 Open answers; a connection may be made because the 

development of engines enabled people to travel and made languages necessary for communication.

18–20 Open answers21 Open answers. They became afraid of his powers and 

sent him out of the country (page 22).

22–26 Open answers27  The instructions are: Find information about smoke 

signals and prepare a presentation. Smoke signals are a form of visual communication developed by Native Americans. It consists of controlling puffs of smoke by covering a fire with a blanket.

28 Open answers; approximately in 183429 Open answers30 In 1943 IBM estimated that the world market for 

computers was for about five, and today there are over 100 million (page 47); they also failed to see that business was in the development of systems rather than machines (page 50). Considering that Microsoft charges $10 for each machine sold with their system, the 100 million computers in the market today have given them a minimum of 1,000 million.

31–34  Open answers

Activity worksheets key1 a 6; blocks b 2; cards c 4; color d 7; steam e  1; words f 9; printing g h 8; metal i 5; books2  a 42 × 32 = 52

b 1311; (525 + 786)  c x2 = 3x so x = 3 3  a Plato b Elements c double step d algebra4 a 2  b 3  c 4  d 1  e 55  a Greek b Alexandria c Ptolemy d Jupiter

K  N  O  T

  A knot is used for measuring speed. It is equivalent to 1.85 km.

Inventions that Changed the World

c Pearson Education Limited 2008 Inventions that Changed the World - Answer keys 3 of 3

Answer keys LEVEL 4PENGUIN READERS

Teacher Support Programme

6  a the Mary Rose sank because she was carrying too many guns.

b the Victory fought at Trafalgar with 104 guns. c Samuel Colt invented a simple type of handgun. d a force of Zulus killed over 1,300 British soldiers. e British soldiers killed 11,000 people at Omdurman. f  the British Army killed 19,000 men in France.7 It is difficult to say that Colt, Bacon, Gatling and 

Maxim made a contribution to the history of mankind.

8 a Papin b Newcomen c  Watt d  Newcomen e Wilkinson9 a  1825 b  1941 c  1862 d  1 AD e  188510 a zeppelin > balloon b balloon > airplane c  airplane > station d station > zeppelin11 I    C    E a Italian b Cordoba c  Neil  In 1919, Brown had to climb over the wings of his 

airplane to remove the ice while crossing the Atlantic.12 Possible answers: Across a  Claude ………… killed himself because his 

invention was not successful enough. b  ………… carried letters across six states in ten 

days. c  The first cell phones looked very ………… . d  ‘Mr …………, come here, I want you’ were the 

first words spoken by Bell on the telephone. Down b  David ………… invented the first printing 

telegraph. e Philo Taylor ………… was the first person to send 

good pictures by television. f  A ………… is a message usually sent over a long 

distance.

13 a 5  b 4  c 1  d 2  e 314 a  Catseyes and windshield wipers b  Velcro and sewing machines c  Post-it notes d  Catseyes, the Dual Cyclone vacuum cleaner and 

Bayliss’s radio e  Bayliss’s radio f  Lock-nuts

Progress test key1 a good-quality  b 42-lined  c fully-colored d water-powered  e desk-top2 a Al-Khwarizmi  b Euclid  c Samos  d  Alexandria e Uzbekistan3 a two bits of wood  b shadow  c China  d India e east4  a rockets  b gunpowder  c cannon  d  barrel e rifles5  a to entertain people b used for several decades c French d Britain e  jet airplanes6  a 17th b 16th c 19th d  18th e 20th7  a kilometers  b impersonal  c employment d unlike8 1 a  transistor b together c electronic d centimeter 2 e floppy f improvement