invasive forest pathogens in wisconsin · • q1: is oak wilt present? – oak wilt not present in...
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Invasive Forest Pathogens in Wisconsin
Current and Future Concerns
Kyoko ScanlonForest Pathologist
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
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What are “invasive” pathogens in Wisconsin?
• Chapter NR-40: Invasive Species Identification, Classification and Control– “Prohibited”
• Sudden oak death pathogen• Scale associated with beech bark disease
– “Restricted”• None currently
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My addition for this talk
• “Prohibited”– Thousand cankers disease pathogen
• “Restricted”? – Oak wilt pathogen– Annosum root rot pathogen
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Sudden Oak death
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Map Produced by Bill Smith, USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Monitoring Statistics and Data Analysis Program.
Sudden Oak Death Risk Map
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Phytophthora ramorum Early Detection Survey
Surveys in Wisconsin by the WI DATCP, DNR, UW2004 ~
– Nurseries2004-2006
– Woodlands near nurseries
– General woodlands2007
– Stream baiting traps
= Sites surveyed in 2004 and 2005 = Sites surveyed in 2006
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NR-40 “Prohibited” species candidate? Thousand cankers disease
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Walnut dieback investigation
2011 Trapping of Pityophthorus juglandis (DATCP & DNR)
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Beech Scale/Beech Bark Disease
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Beech bark disease biologyBeech Bark Disease =
beech scale + Neonectria fungi
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Beech bark disease spread
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Found in Wisconsin Aug 25, 2009
Nova Scotia in 1890
Massachusetts 1929
Maine 1931
Michigan 2000
Beech bark disease distribution 2005
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2010 Beech scale survey
Red dot=beech scale confirmed
Blue dot=beech scale not found
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First findIn 2009
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Beech bark disease prevention and management in Wisconsin
• No quarantine will be delisted from NR40• Movement restriction : 7/15-11/15• Training/workshops• Continue surveys• Potential resistant tree selection• Confirm Neonectria spp.• Grant project: Establish BBD monitoring and
impact assessment system
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Annosum Root Rot
Caused by a fungusHeterobasidion irregulare
Formally H. annosum
Before that Fomes annosus
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Known Locations of H. irregulare as of
11/2010
22 Counties:
Adams, Buffalo, Columbia, Dunn, Green, Iowa, Jefferson, Juneau, La Crosse, Marquette, Oconto (2010), Portage, Richland, Sauk, Shawano (2009), Taylor (2010), Trempealeau, Walworth, Waukesha, Waupaca (2008), Waushara (2008), and Wood Counties
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Sauk Co. forest (13 acres)
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Treat freshly cut stumps with fungicide
Sporax – granular material
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A water-soluble fungicide – Cellu-Treat
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Application of a fungicide during machine harvesting
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Progress in the management of the disease
• Disease detection– Statewide surveys– Pathogen detection lab tests
• Biology of the disease– Spore dispersal field study– Regeneration studies– Greenhouse disease susceptibility test
• Disease prevention– More loggers who offer the treatment– Timber sale language template– Annosum root rot committee
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Oak wilt Caused by the fungus
Ceratocystis fagacearum
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Oak wilt county distribution in Wisconsin
1999
2002
2010
2008
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New development on oak wilt in WI
• Development of oak wilt field diagnosis guidelines
• Development of national oak wilt database• Development/implementation of new oak
harvest guidelines in the forest setting in Wisconsin
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Case study
• Q1: Is oak wilt present?– Oak wilt not present in the
county AND stand is NOT in 6-mile wide buffer between counties with and without oak wilt.
– Oak wilt present in the county or your stand is in 6-mile wide buffer zone, but not in stand.
– Oak wilt present in the stand Oak wilt presentNo oak wilt
Buffer County
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Case study
• Q2: What time of the year do you propose cutting?– South of tension zone
• April 1 to July 15• July 16 to Sept. 30 • Oct. 1 to March 31
– North of tension zone• April 15 to July 15• July 16 to Sept. 30• Oct. 1 to April 14
SouthNorthSouthNorth
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Case study• Q3: What is the basal
area (BA) of oak in the stand?
– 15 sq. ft./acre or less– 15 to 35 sq. ft./acre– greater than 35 sq.
ft./acre
• Q4: What is the general topography of the stand?
– Flat to rolling land or 0 to 12% slope.
– Hilly with valleys or more than 12% slope.
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Questions asked• Q5: What is the
general soil texture of the stand?– Light textured (e.g.
sandy, loamy sand, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, and loam)
– Heavy textured (sandy clay, clay, clay loam, silt, silt loam, silty clay loam, and clay loam)
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Guidelines
• Risk of introduction – Very High• Risk of spread – Moderate• Combined risk – High• Recommendation
– Do not cut from 4/1 to 7/15• 7/16-3/31 No Restriction
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Guidelines if BA is less than 15 ft2/acre
• Risk of introduction – Very High• Risk of spread – Low (before Moderate)• Combined risk – Low (before High)• Recommendation
– Cutting may be conducted April 1 - July 15 (south) if new stumps are treated each day to reduce the risk of new introductions. Treat stumps by applying tree wound paint to the last 3 growth rings.
• 7/16-3/31 No Restriction (study to examine the risk of cutting in summer is underway)
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Guideline format• Excel spread sheet• Hard-copy • Interactive websitehttp://dnr.wi.gov/forestry/fh/oakWilt/guidelinesform.asp
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Summary• Invasive pathogens that are not detected
– Detection surveys– Prepare for the arrival
• Newly-found invasive pathogens– Detection surveys– Develop management guidelines– Work cooperatively on new research studies
• Old invasive pathogens– Follow management guidelines– Work cooperatively on new research studies– Detection surveys, as needed
• All invasive pathogen problems– Outreach efforts