"introversion and extroversion in the workplace" · alumni careers matter are you in or...
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Alumni Careers Matter
Are you in or are you out? Introversion and extroversion in the
workplace
Dr. Laura Mitchell Director, Student Success Centre
Winter 2016
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Personality: ‘The set of psychological traits and mechanisms within the individual that are organised and relatively enduring and that influence his or her interactions with, and adaptations to, the intrapsychic, physical and social environments’
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Ectomorph: quiet, fragile, sensitive Endomorph: relaxed, sociable, tolerant Mesomorph: active, vigorous, combative
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Traits are the characteristics by which we differ, a continuous dimension along which individuals vary: They are a person’s average tendencies (so not 100% of the time)
______________________________ Not at all nervous Extremely
nervous
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In fractals, the part represents the whole - just like
in our personality (Nettle, 2007)
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The ‘Big Five’ factors: O is for openness (to experience)
High O: Curious, willing to consider ideas, imaginative, creative Low O: Conventional, traditional, practical
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A is for agreeableness
High A: Trusting, helpful, sympathetic, cooperative Low A: Suspicious, skeptical, irritable
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N is for neuroticism
High N: anxious, worried, tense, guilty, vigilant to threats Low N: stable, calm, even-tempered, less affected by stress
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C is for conscientiousness
High C: Organised, self-directed, self-disciplined Low C: Easily distracted, spontaneous, careless
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E is for extroversion
High E: Sociable, dominant, lively, need to have social stimulation and people around Low E (I): Liking for quieter activities, need time alone, smaller intimate group of friends
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Perceptions of introverts Quiet Shy Insecure Detached
Awkward Not team player Private Secretive
Stubborn Standoffish Antisocial Boring
Rude Unfriendly Distant Aloof
Slow Low energy Spacey Nerdy
Dull Sedentary Self-engrossed Isolated
Uninteresting Elusive Negative Moody
From Zack (2010) ‘Networking for People Who Hate Networking’
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Perceptions of extroverts Noisy Brash Egocentric Loudmouth
Show-off Confident Manipulative Excessive
Self-promoter Inappropriate Talkative Attention grabber
Intrusive Smoothie Schmoozer Gregarious
Annoying In-your-face Clueless Superficial
Shallow Fake Nosey Chatterbox
Cliquey Self-engrossed Poor listener Selfish
From Zack (2010) ‘Networking for People Who Hate Networking’
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Are they good or bad?
It is your combination of the ‘big five’ that is really key There are problematic aspects of being very high or very low in any of the five
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Shyness is different to introversion; it is self-awareness that makes social interaction painful Introverts can be shy or not shy, and same for extroverts Therapies for shyness can be highly effective
The shyness misconception
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The real essential difference
Introverts are drained from interaction and need to recharge. They are inwardly stimulated. Extroverts are recharged by others, by interaction and external stimulation.
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From: businessinsider.com
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Which are you really?
Population ratio estimates vary 1998 MBTI testing proposed 49% E, 51% I A large number of people fall around the middle (‘centroverts’ or’ ambiverts’)
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How they affect workplace behaviour
Introverts Extroverts
Think to talk Talk to think
Go deep Go wide
Energize alone Energize with others
Inner-directed Outer-directed
Need concentration Need diversions
Focus on thoughts and ideas Focus on people and events
Prefer one-on-one Prefer group discussion
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Working with ‘the other’
Extroverts process verbally so their first idea may not be their conclusion. Let them process out loud if you can! Remember their natural instinct is to gain energy from casual conversation They might share personal information more freely than you do
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Introverts need time and thinking space before responding. Give them information in advance if possible. They can become drained and exhausted even from simple banter, and find it hard to regain focus. Conferences and business trips can be a draining minefield!
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Why do extroverts have voicemail? - So they never miss a call
Why do introverts have voicemail? - To never answer the phone
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Tips for your own working life
Introverts: •Don’t feel pressured to answer on the spot •Don’t sign up for too much – you’ll get drained •Schedule in alone times to work on tasks •To network, choose structured events like trainings and classes •Try not to latch on to one person for safety!
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Tips for your own working life
Extroverts: •Volunteer for social committees when you can and do what you are best at! •Even when busy, don’t forsake the things that recharge you. Keep socialising, doing new activities, and don’t screen your calls
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To work together best
To aid brainstorming, give everyone two minutes first to write down ideas, or give them the topic in advance.
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To work together best
Elevator pitches are great for both. Introverts feel prepared, and extroverts stay focused.
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To work together best
Work on treating others how they want to be treated, and not necessarily how you want to be treated.
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The big questions: Can we change?
It seems we can change in degree but not in kind – outward behaviours can adapt
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The big questions: Do we change?
A study of over a million children and adults in 2011 compared those of all ages on the big five
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Showed smallest age difference
Soto et al. (2011)
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Decreases with age
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Increases with age
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Increases with age
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Stable across ages
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Do we have an ‘extrovert ideal’?
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Matching your traits to your career
We can adapt to different work environments (certainly outwardly) But ideal is to find a niche where our traits give us the edge
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