introductory guide evaporative coolers › ee_pdf › master_evaporative_coo… · adiabatic...

INTRODUCTORY GUIDE

EVAPORATIVE COOLERSNATURAL COOLING SOLUTIONS

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Guide to evaporative coolers

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EVAPORATIVE COOLERS

INDEX

Introduction 4

Introduction to evaporative cooling 6

Hi�tory of evaporative cooling 6

What i� evaporative cooling 6

How doe� evaporative cooling work? 7

Evaporative cooling and humidity 8

Evaporative cooling v� air-conditioning 9

Ventilation 10

Heat �tre�� 10

Applications 12

Indu�try 12

Agriculture 13

Military 13

Automotive 14

Aviation 14

Tent� and event� 16

Hotel�, re�taurant� and catering (HoReCa) 16

Logi�tic� centre� 17

Other application� 17

Frequently asked questions 18

Can the level of noi�e from evaporative cooler� be reduced? 18

Can evaporative cooler� di�infect from viru�e�? 18

Do evaporative cooler� increa�e the ri�k of infection� and other health problem�? 18

Doe� evaporative cooling increa�e the ri�k of legionella becau�e it u�e� water? 18

How much can evaporative cooler� reduce the temperature? 19

How much energy do the cooler� u�e? 18

What can I do to adapt the air flow to my requirement�? 19

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Increa�ing environmental concern� and ri�ing energy co�t� are increa�ing the focu� on evaporative cooling (al�o called biocooling or adiabatic cooling).

Being a low-co�t alternative that u�e� very little energy, evaporative cooler� are maintenance friendly and require no in�tallation (portable ver�ion�). Simply connecting a water �upply or refilling the water tank i� enough for u�er� to in�tantly enjoy efficient cooling.

Year after year, temperature� are ri�ing, leaving many companie� concerned about �afety

and productivity. The pa�t decade �aw a �tunning five record-�etting year� (2010, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018 and 2019). The number of warm day� ha� doubled between 1960 and 2019 acro�� Europe. Adding to that, law� to avoid heat �tre�� in the workplace are getting tougher year by year.

A� a re�ult, many are looking for efficient cooling �olution� for their large indu�trial warehou�e�, hangar� or car work�hop�.

INTRODUC TION

Evaporative cooling i� a natural cooling principle that i� gaining in popularity due to the numerou� advantage� it offer�.

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ANNUAL TEMPERATURE TRENDS ACROSS EUROPE BETWEEN 1960 AND 2017

ALTHOUGH GAINING POPULARITY, EVAPORATIVE COOLING HAS BEEN FAIRLY UNKNOWN IN EUROPE UNTIL NOW.

70°60°50°

40°

40°

30°

30°

20°

20°

10°

10°

0°

0°-10°-20°-30°

60°

50°

50°

40°

40°

0 500 1 000 1 500 km

ºC/decade

Trends in annual temperature across Europe between 1960 and 2017

0-0.05

0.05-0.1

0.15-0.2

0.1-0.15

0.2-0.25

0.25-0.3

0.3-0.35

0.4-0.45

0.35-0.4

0.45-0.5

> 0.5

No data

Outside coverage

Source: https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/global-and-european-temperature-9/assessment

Ma�ter Climate Solution� offer� a full range of portable and fixed evaporative cooling �olution� that are economical and efficient and that help u�er� improve their working condition�, comfort and productivity.

Thi� guide i� meant to help you under�tand what evaporative cooling i� and how it work�, what it can do for you, where it i� ideally applied and much more.

Being a relatively unknown but highly economical and efficient alternative to other type� of air climati�ation, evaporative cooling ha� the potential to help many bu�ine��e� around the world reduce their co�t� while increa�ing indoor comfort for their employee�.

Our experienced cooling expert� �tand ready to a��i�t with any requirement� or doubt� you might have in that connection.

Enjoy the read!

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INTRODUC TION INTO EVAPORATIVE COOLING

The ancient Egyptian�, Greek� and Roman� u�ed wet mat� (what we call "cooling pad�" today) to cool indoor air. They hung the mat� in front of tent opening� and window�. The wind blowing through the�e mat� cau�e� evaporation of water, thereby cooling the air temperature in�ide.

During the 15th century, the fir�t mechanical fan� were built to provide ventilation. In the 18th century, textile manufacturer� in New England began u�ing water evaporative �y�tem� to condition the air in their mill�. The �y�tem con�i�ted of large “cooling tower�” with fan� that tran�ported the water-cooled air in�ide their building�.

Remember how getting out of the water after �wimming on a hot, dry day feel� chilly when the wind hit� your wet �kin? Or how dipping your finger in a gla�� of water and then blowing air acro�� your finger leave� a cool �en�ation a� the water evaporate�. That i� evaporative cooling.

Try the �ame thing when there i� no wind or no air moving. The �urrounding air i� quickly �aturated with moi�ture, there i� no evaporation and the cooling effect i� gone.

HISTORY OF EVAPORATIVE COOLING

WHAT IS EVAPORATIVE COOLING?

Evaporative cooling unit� create thi� naturally occurring proce�� and provide� a con�tant flow of cool, refre�hing air into a hot, uncomfortable environment.

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The heart of the evaporative cooling �y�tem i� the cooling pad where the water evaporate� and the air pa��ing through the pad� i� cooled.

Evaporative cooling pad� are manufactured from fluted cellulo�e �heet� that are glued together. The material i� chemically impregnated with �pecial compound� to prevent rot and en�ure a long �ervice life and ea�y maintenance.

HOW DOES IT WORK?

The integrated water di�tribution �y�tem �pread� water evenly over the cooling pad� to make �ure the entire �ufrace i� kept wet. Thi� maximi�e� the cooling effect.

Fan� create a negative pre��ure, cau�ing air to be drawn through the pad�.

A control system operates the water pump and the fan distributes the cool air in the area.

Evaporation results from contact between air and water.

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A given volume of air at a certain temperature and pre��ure i� capable of ab�orbing and holding a certain amount of water vapour. If that volume of air contain� 50% of the moi�ture it i� capable of holding, we �ay it i� at 50% relative humidity.

The hotter the day, the drier the air, the more cooling can be done by mean� of evaporation. In other word�, the cooling effect i� be�t when you need it mo�t.

Thi� table �how� the theoretical OUTGOING AIR TEMPERATURE of a cooler.

The theoretical OUTGOING AIR TEMPERATURE depend� on the INCOMING AIR TEMPERATURE and on the RELATIVE HUMIDITY.

EVAPORATIVE COOLING AND HUMIDITY

Our evaporative cooler� are developed to work well in high-humidity environment� too, however, and will remain much more efficient than a �imple fan that ju�t circulate� warm air.

Our cooler� will increa�e humidity by 2 to 5%, depending on temperature and humidity in the environment you want to cool. The �light increa�e i� not noticeable in ventilated area� where the air produced by the unit i� exhau�ted.

RELATIVE HUMIDITY

2% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80%

INCO

MIN

G A

IR T

EMPE

RATU

RE

24°C 12°C 13°C 14°C 14°C 15°C 16°C 17°C 17°C 18°C 18°C 19°C 19°C 20°C 21°C 21°C 22°C 22°C

27°C 14°C 14°C 16°C 17°C 17°C 18°C 19°C 19°C 20°C 21°C 22°C 22°C 23°C 23°C 24°C 24°C 25°C

29°C 16°C 17°C 17°C 18°C 19°C 20°C 21°C 21°C 22°C 23°C 23°C 24°C 24°C 25°C 26°C 27°C

32°C 18°C 18°C 19°C 21°C 21°C 22°C 23°C 24°C 25°C 26°C 26°C 27°C 28°C 28°C 29°C 30°C

35°C 19°C 20°C 21°C 22°C 23°C 24°C 26°C 26°C 27°C 28°C 29°C 29°C 30°C

38°C 21°C 22°C 23°C 24°C 26°C 27°C 28°C 28°C 29°C 31°C 31°C

41°C 22°C 23°C 25°C 26°C 27°C 29°C 30°C 31°C 32°C

43°C 24°C 25°C 27°C 28°C 29°C 31°C 32°C 33°C

46°C 26°C 27°C 28°C 30°C 32°C 33°C 34°C

49°C 27°C 28°C 30°C 32°C 34°C 35°C

52°C 28°C 30°C 32°C 34°C 36°C

Simply find your INCOMING AIR TEMPERATURE and REALATIVE HUMIDITY, then locate the value where the two inter�ect and that i� your theoretical OUTGOING AIR TEMPERATURE.

Example:Incoming air temperature = 35°CRelative humidity = 30%Outgoing air temperature = 26°C

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In general, the operating co�t of an evaporative cooler i� much lower than that of a central air-conditioner. The initial equipment co�t i� al�o lower than for comparable air-conditioner equipment.

Mo�t often, air-conditioner� are impractical and operationally uneconomical for �paciou� indu�trial environment� becau�e of their �ize and becau�e door� are often open. Evaporative cooling u�e� no ga��e� or compre��or�.

In addition to low operating co�t� and �imple in�tallation, evaporative cooling i� an ecofriendly alternative to traditional air-conditioner� becau�e it u�e� no refrigerant� and ju�t a fraction of the electricity required by other comparable cooling option�.

On average, the co�t of u�age i� ju�t 10% of a traditional air-conditioning �y�tem. That mean� hundred� or thou�and� of euro� in �aving� every year.

For large, open area� like hangar� or work�hop� with open door� there are no good alternative�. An air-conditioner i� expen�ive and can cau�e health i��ue� like dry throat�. A fan doe� not really cool – it �imply circulate� hot air.

EVAPORATIVE COOLING VS AIR-CONDITIONING

In term� of air-conditioning, many people tend to u�e it too often. That increa�e� energy co�t� becau�e it require� you to create and maintain a high temperature difference between indoor and outdoor environment�.

Ma�ter'� evaporative cooler� u�e a highly efficient cooling media, enabling them to efficiently cool the air even in very high relative humidity condition�. Combined with their �turdy portable de�ign, which make� them ea�y to move around in factorie�, hangar� and work�hop�, the cooler� are ideally �uited for �pot cooling, delivering cooling where it i� mo�t required.

EASY INSTALLATION

ECO-FRIENDLY,NO REFRIGERANT

PORTABLE

SAFE FOR YOUR HEALTH

WORK WITH OPEN DOOR AND WINDOWS

LOW OPERATION COSTS

EVAPORATIVE MASTER COOLERS

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Fre�h, clean air i� nece��ary to provide a comfortable and healthy environment that al�o promote� the work efficiency of employee�.

To en�ure healthy air, it i� fundamental to clean it by eliminating or reducing the

Climate condition� on the work floor directly influence the comfort and the efficiency of worker�. According to a report relea�ed by REHVA in 2011, the ideal climate condition� are 23-25°C at 45-60% humidity. In indu�trial application�, thi� can be up to 27°C.

Often, temperature� in unconditioned environment� exceed that level, for example in heat proce�� indu�trie� that u�e oven� and foundrie�. Thi� create� a ri�k of heat �tre�� among worker�, increa�ing the ri�k of accident� while al�o reducing productivity.

The effect� and co�t� of heat �tre�� are not well documented by mo�t companie�. When an employee faint� due to heat, it may well ju�t be reported a� a fainting incident without any apparent cau�e.

Worker� expo�ed to exce��ive temperature� (temperature, air velocity, humidity, �un and other element� that can cau�e heat) for too long will have trouble concentrating and may for in�tance dehydrate, go into cramp�, feel dizzy or faint.

Traditional air-conditioning �y�tem� do not perform well in large, open area�, �uch a�

VENTILATION

HEAT STRESS

concentration of dirt it contain�. Ventilating work environment� u�ing cool and filtered air improve� the air quality.

Much like in nature, the fre�h air create� a �ea breeze effect on the people working.

indu�trial factorie� or �torage�. In addition, to be effective in �uch environment�, they will become very expen�ive to in�tall and operate.

We recommend evaporative cooler� becau�e they generate a comfortable and fre�h working environment for worker� at a rea�onable inve�tment co�t.

With our range the level of productivity can bemaintained in �afe working environment�. Ourevaporative cooler� offer a balance between humidity and cooling and avoid� dramatic temperature difference�, benefiting the health of the people.

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We are not only offering �olution� for people and animal�, but al�o for machinery. Overheating machine� may fail, �o lowering the temperature u�ing evaporative cooling can potentially �ave a lot of money for you.

In factorie�, there are often certain zone� that have higher temperature� than the re�t of the factory, for in�tance becau�e of the heat emitted from machinery or certain production proce��e�. Thi� i� ea�ily re�olved with a portable, evaporative �pot cooling �olution.

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APPLICATIONS

Evaporative cooler� can be u�ed in a variety of application�. They are generally the preferred choice for extreme working condition� and for large area� where u�ing air-conditioner� i� too expen�ive or impractical.

Applying oven� or other heat-generating equipment a� part of their manufacturing proce��e�, many indu�trial operation� offer working environment� that are hot throughout the year. Example� include the gla��, �teel and pla�tic indu�trie�.

In production facilitie� that have �everal floor�, the heat problem� increa�e a� you move up in�ide the building.

Moreover, many factorie� are relatively old and were not de�igned to deal with exce��ive heat to modern �tandard�. Sun�hine quickly warm� them up, making employee� feel like they are working in an oven. Not only doe� that affect productivity, it may al�o be a legal i��ue.

THE INDUSTRY IN GENERAL

The law� and regulation� in Europe are getting �tricter, and in certain location� extra break� are required when the temperature exceed� a certain level. In addition, heat can affect machinery too, increa�ing the ri�k of breakdown� or failure.

Depending on requirement�, portable evaporative �pot cooler� or �tationary air cooler� can deliver the nece��ary cooling capacity.

In factorie�, �ome zone� are often hotter than the re�t of the factory. The�e may ari�e a� a re�ult of heat emitted from machinery or production proce��e�, or becau�e many employee� work in that �pecific area. U�ing portable cooler�, you can �pot cool any �uch hot area�.

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High temperature� can negatively influence animal� (le�� egg� and milk for example).

Chicken�, for example, do not �weat �o when it get� extremely warm, they may become �ick or even peri�h. Al�o, they grow le�� becau�e they do not eat a� much becau�e of the heat �tre�� they are facing.

In the military, many application� benefit from the u�e of evaporative cooling �olution�. Due to the durability and practical u�e we are a preferred �upplier of many international armie� when it come� to cooling work�hop�, tent�, hangar�, etc.

AGRICULTURE

MILITARY

With our evaporative cooling �olution�, temperature� can ea�ily and efficiently be reduced, creating a comfortable climate in�ide the �table�, chicken hou�e� and �imilarly.

Due to the ventilation of our fan�, the emi��ion� in cow �table� are al�o reduced.

A great deal of military mi��ion� take place in extremely warm weather in Africa, the Middle Ea�t and �imilar environment� that require the u�e of cooling �olution�. Here, portable unit� that are ea�y to tran�port and apply come in handy.

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The automotive indu�try and many of their �upplier� (tyre factorie�, car gla�� and gear box manufacturer� etc.) generate a lot of heat during the day.

A typical car repair �hop or tyre centre often ha� the door� open and u�e� �imple fan� to try and circulate the air a bit. However, fan� only move hot air around.

Evaporative cooler� do a better job and they can be �caled to fit both �mall and big �hop�.

Cooling �olution� for the aviation �ector are alway� in high demand. A hangar i� very difficult to cool due to high ceiling� and frequently open door�. Here, u�ing portable cooling �olution� to �pot cool only working area� i� ideal. Cooling the entire indoor �pace would be a wa�te of money. For full flexibility, portable cooler� �hould be cho�en �o cooling can be moved to where it i� required.

AUTOMOTIVE

AVIATION

In the racing indu�try, evaporative cooling i� a popular tool that help� reduce the temperature� in and around the pit boxe�.

Due to the portability of our evaporative cooler�, they are ea�y to move around and bring from race to race, even acro�� continent�.

With the option of ducting cool air, it i� al�o po��ible to cool the in�ide of airplane�. Our evaporative cooler� are ideal for large, well-ventilated area�, but they can al�o be u�ed outdoor� – ideal for �ome armie� who u�e evaporative cooler� for outdoor maintenance of their helicopter� and airplane� becau�e they do not have acce�� to a hangar.

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Guide to evaporative cooler�

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During event� with a lot of people and during hot �ummer day� it can be extremely warm.

Utili�ing equipment �uch a� our bigge�t evaporative cooler�, you can cool more than

Applying �mall and quiet evaporative cooler� at a hotel terrace create� a very comfortable dining and relaxation area for cu�tomer� on hot �ummer day�.

In addition to enticing cu�tomer� to �tay longer, the nature of evaporative cooling al�o reduce� the pre�ence of in�ect� �ince they do not like air-conditioning.

TENTS AND EVENTS

HOTELS, RESTAURANTS, CATERING (HORECA)

300m2, creating an ideal temperature in�ide and around tent�.

Once connected to a water ho�e, thi� �olution deliver� in�tant and fully mobile cooling without requiring a lot of energy.

The cooler� can be u�ed indoor� (with door� and window� open to guarantee maximum level of ventilation and highe�t cooling effect) or outdoor�.

U�ing the louver�, the air flow can be directed to where cooling i� required.

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Evaporative cooler� cannot create a guaranteed �pecific temperature �uch a�, for in�tance, a 23 degree� Celciu� maximum. In�tead, they will cool down your air by 3 to 10 degree� Celciu�, depending on the temperature, humidity and ventilation of the �urrounding air.

Therefore, logi�tic� center� wanting to cool a warehou�e �hould be careful to choo�e the right �olution for it.

For example, portable �pot cooling i� ideal for cooling of loading/unloading area�. To cool

LOGISTICS

an entire �torage, a more powerful and fixed in�tallation i� required.

Truck� can al�o become very hot when expo�ed to direct �unlight. Sometime�, even to the point where it i� nearly impo��ible to unload them.

Our �mall portable �olution� will help reduce the temperature enough for �taff to load or unload truck�, container� and more.

In general, evaporative cooling i� a great choice for mo�t big and partially or fully open �pace�. Example� include greenhou�e�, �port hall�, churche�, or fitne�� center�.

OTHER APPLICATIONS

Oftentime�, for �uch application�, there are no reali�tic alternative� that will deliver the right amount of cooling in a financially fea�ible manner.

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

Doe� the concept of evaporative cooling trigger more que�tion� than an�wer�? Thi� �ection offer� our re�pon�e to �ome of the mo�t frequently a�ked que�tion� and concern� about evaporative cooling. Feel free to reach out if your� i� not on the li�t!

Can the level of noi�e from evaporative cooler� be reduced? Sound i� �ubjective, and the �ame �ound will be interpreted differently from per�on to per�on. In our main market�, the importance of cooling effect by far exceed� that of �ound reduction. Our cooler� come with �peed adju�tment capabilitie� �o you can reduce �peed and thereby �ound, if �o required. The �maller the cooler, the lower the �ound level. The �ound level from our unit� i� between 60 and 66 DB.

Do evaporative cooler� increa�e the ri�k of infection� and other health problem�? No, on the contrary! Thi� que�tion i� u�ually ba�ed on the mi�taken a��umption that becau�e evaporative cooler� can re�ult in a �light humidity increa�e, they al�o increa�e the ri�k of viru� and bacterial and fungal growth. All of Ma�ter’� evaporative cooler� pre-filter the air, thereby eliminating particle� that can act a� vehicle� for bacteria and viru�e�. The po�itive effect� of u�ing evaporation are actually well e�tabli�hed.

Can evaporative cooler� di�infect from viru�e�? Since the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020, Ma�ter evaporative cooler� have been equipped with UV light. The UV light kill� any bacteria and viru�e� in the water that the evaporative cooler u�e�. A� UV light i� very concentrated, the power con�umption i� in�ignificant.

NOISE LEVEL INFECTION RISKS

VIRUS DISINFECTION

Doe� evaporative cooling increa�e the ri�k of legionella becau�e it u�e� water? No. The water u�ed by our cooler� i� con�tantly moving and kept at a very low temperature. Thi� create� an environment ho�tile to legionella.

LEGIONELLA RISKS

MASTER EVAPORATIVE COOLERS ARE INEXPENSIVE AND ECO-FRIENDLY COMPARED TO ALL ALTERNATIVES AVAILABLE ON THE MARKET

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How much can evaporative cooler� reduce the temperature? Typically between 3 and 10°C, but it depend� on external factor�, �uch a� temperature, humidity and available ventilation. The higher the temperature�, the more they can cool. The lower the humidity, the more water our cooler� can evaporate and the more ventilation the better they work.

COOLING CAPACITY

What can I do to adapt the air flow to my requirement�? Mo�t of our cooler� have louver�, �o you can control the air pattern/direction. Moreover, our cooler� come with �peed adju�tment capabilitie� �o you can reduce air velocity. Other �olution� are to lift the cooler to a higher place to en�ure the air i� not directed at people (cool air alway� move� downward�, �o cooling i� guaranteed with thi� �olution too).

AIR FLOW PROBLEMS

How much energy do the cooler� u�e? Ma�ter evaporative cooler� are very energy-friendly. Fitted with variable �peed feature�, our cooler� u�e between 250W and 750W. Thi� tran�late� into around 1 euro per day.

ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Dantherm Ltd.Unit 12, Galliford RoadMaldon CM9 4XDUnited Kingdom t. +44 (0)1621 856611

Dantherm S.p.A.Via Garde�ana 1137010 Pa�trengo (VR)Italy t. +39 045 6770533

Dantherm Sp. z o.o.ul. Magazynowa 5a62-023 GądkiPoland t. +48 61 65 44 000

Dantherm ASLøkkeå�veien 263138 Skalle�tadNorway t. +47 33 35 16 00

Dantherm ABFridhem�vägen 3602 13 NorrköpingSweden t. +46 (0)11 19 30 40

Dantherm GmbHO�t�traße 14822844 Norder�tedtGermany t. +49 40 526 8790

Dantherm AGIm Vordera�p 48154 Oberglatt ZHSwitzerland t. +41 44 851 51 51

Dantherm SP S.A.C/Calabozo� 6 (Polígono Indu�trial)28108 Alcobenda�, MadridSpain t. +34 91 661 45 00

Dantherm LLCTran�portnaya 22/2142800, StupinoMo�cowRu��ia t. +7 (495) 642 444 8

Dantherm A/SMarienly�tvej 65DK-7800 SkiveDenmark t. +45 96 14 37 00

Dantherm SAS23 rue Eugène Henaff69694 Véni��ieux CedexFrance t. +33 4 78 47 11 11

Dealer:

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MCS ChinaUnit 2B, No. 512Yunchuan RoadBao�hang, Shanghai, 201906Chinat. +8621 61486668

introductory guide evaporative coolers › ee_pdf › master_evaporative_coo… · adiabatic...

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