introduction tointroduction to mobile generations mobile generations

7/27/2019 Introduction toIntroduction to Mobile Generations Mobile Generations

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INTRODUCTION TO MOBILEGENERATIONSPrepared by: Obada Al HishanBSS Engineer at Orange Jordan

[email protected]


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TELECOM BAISICs:


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Addressing Methodologies:


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Addressing Methodologies:1- Unicast addressing:

Tx

4

23

Uses one-to-oneassociation between

Source and destination

2- Multicast addressing:

Tx

1

4

2

3Uses one-to-manyassociation

Between Source and group of

destination

3- Broadcast addressing:

Tx

1

4

2

3Uses one-to-manyassociation

Between Source and all other

destinations


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MULTIPLE ACCESS

TECHNIQUES

1

2

3

1

2

3

Sources

Multiplexer Demultiplexer

Destinations

Shared Channel


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MULTIPLE ACCESS

TECHNIQUES


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MULTIPLE ACCESS

TECHNIQUES

FDMA Large room divided up into small rooms.

Each pair of people takes turns speaking.

TDMA Large room divided up into small rooms.Three pairs of people per room, however, each pair

gets 20 seconds to speak.

CDMA No small rooms. Everyone is speaking indifferent languages. If voice volume is minimized,

the number of people is maximized


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CELLULAR SYSTEMS:

Cell :is the geographical

area covered by a

Radio waves from a

cellular telephonetransmitter.


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HAND OVER:


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HAND OVER:

Is the process of transferring an ongoing call or data session from

one channel connected to the core network to another.


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PS AND CS SWITCHINGCircuit Switching:

Is used to establish a dedicated Channel (Circuit) through the network

between two End points.

Packet Switching:

Is a digital networking method that groups all transmitted data regardless

of content, type, or structure into suitably sized blocks that goes through

different paths.


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1G (1980)

2G (1990)

3G (2000)

4G (2010)


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1ST GENERATION (1G)

1G was the first generation of mobile networks (1980s).

Radio signals that carries the voice itself were transmitted in

Analog form.

Digital signaling was used to connect the radio towers (which

listen to the handsets) to the rest of the telephone system

The user was not able to do much other than sending text

messaging and making calls.

The biggest disadvantage was: The limited network availability,

as in the network was available only within the country.


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1ST GENERATION (1G)

ARCHITECTURE

BTS : Base Transceiver System

MTSO : Mobile Telephone Switching Office

PSTN : Public Switching Telephone Network

CSDN : Circuit Switched Data Network


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2ND GENERATION (GSM)

Global System forMobile Communications (GSM) was developed as a

replacement for first generation (1G) analog cellular networks

It was the first digital wireless network standard.

Standards play a major role in telecommunications by:

- Allowing products from diverse suppliers to be interconnected.

- Facilitating innovation by creating large markets for common products.

the specifications for the GSM services in phase 1:

Voice telephony

International roaming

Basic fax/data services (up to 9.6 kbits/s) Call forwarding

Call barring

Short Message Service (SMS)


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2ND GENERATION (GSM)ARCHITECTURE


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GSM use two multiple access methods:1- TDMA

2- FDMA


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The RF carrier in GSM that have a bandwidth of 200KHz can

support up to eight Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) timeslots.

That is, in theory, each RF carrier is capable of supporting up to eight

simultaneous telephone calls.

A single Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number

(ARFCN) or RF carrier is actually a pair of frequencies, one used ineach direction (transmit and receive).


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2.5G/2.75G (GPRS/EDGE)

The (General Packet Radio Service) GPRS system provides a basic solution

for Internet Protocol (IP) communication between Mobile Stations (MSs) and

Internet Service Hosts (IHs)

that GPRS could theoretically reach downlink speeds of up to 171Kbps while

the EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM) can reach 384Kpbs.


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4 TYPES OF HO IN GSM:

1) Intra-BTS , 2) Inter-BTS , 3) Inter-BSC , 4) Inter-MSC


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3RD GENERATION (UMTS/HSPA)

2G networks were built mainly for voice data and slow transmission. Due

to rapid changes in user expectation, they do not meet today's wirelessneeds.

3G networks provide the ability to transfer voice data and non-voice data

over the same network simultaneously.

HSPA (High Speed Packet Access) could theoretically reach downlinkspeeds of up to 42Mbps (using Dual Carrier Tech).

Each Carrier is 5MHz.


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3RD GENERATION (UMTS/HSPA)ARCHITECTURE


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3RD GENERATION (UMTS/HSPA)MULTIPLE ACCESS

3G use CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) where all user use thesame frequency all the time, but with different codes; a channel is a code


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By Applying some filtration teqniques we can recognize the received data


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3 TYPES OF HO IN 3G:

1- Soft-Handover , 2- Softer-Handover ,3- Hard-Handover


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4TH GENERATION (LTE)


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4G development focuses around achieving ultra-broadband speeds,

competing with and in some cases outstripping the speeds providedby your home internet connection.

4G average speeds are targeted to be in the 100Mbps to 1Gbps

range, roughly 10 to 100 times (dependent on location) faster than

3G networks

The LTE (Long Term Evolution) is purely packet based. Voice

transport is thus based on Voice over IP (VoIP) technology.


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ARCHITECTURE

eNodeB: Evolved NodeB

SGW : Serving Gateway

MME : Mobility Management Equipment


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4TH GENERATION (LTE)MULTIPLE ACCESS

OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Mul5plexing) in Downlink SC-FDMA (Single Carrier FDMA) In Uplink


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4TH GENERATION (LTE)MULTIPLE ACCESS


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COMPARISON BETWEENGENERATIONS


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COMPARISON BETWEENGENERATIONS


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THANK YOU

introduction tointroduction to mobile generations mobile generations

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