Introduction to Water Introduction to Water Scarcity in Asia and Scarcity in Asia and the Pacific Regionthe Pacific Region

Ti LeTi Le--HuuHuuOfficerOfficer--inin--ChargeCharge

Sustainable Development and Water Sustainable Development and Water Resources SectionResources Section

Environment and Sustainable Environment and Sustainable Development DivisionDevelopment Division

UNESCAPUNESCAP

Water Scarcity PerspectiveWater Scarcity Perspective<<PicPic 1>1>

Reduction of water availabilityReduction of water availability

0123456789

Water Availability in Asia (1,000 m3/yr/capita)

North China andMongoliaSoutheast Asia

Southern Asia

Central Asia andKazakhstan

19501950 19951995 20252025--11 20252025--22

Water Water stress stress and and water water scarcityscarcity

disasterdisasterrisk risk

hotspotshotspots

DroughtDrought

Mortality

Totaleconomiclosses

Economiclosses inproportionto GDPper unitarea

Source: UNDP-World Bank, GRIP

<<PicPic 2>2>

Drought Impacts & RankingDrought Impacts & Ranking1. Human mortality2. Wildlife mortality3. Livestock mortality4. Loss in income5. Human disease6. Population migration7. Sand dune shifting8. Wind erosion9. Livestock migration10. Vanishing of vegetation

Ref: Table 4.9. Prep-project Socio-economic Analysis of 25 Selected Settlements in Cholistan Desert, M/s Maanics International, Islamabad

AppleAppleOrchardsOrchards22

DietDietHealthHealth

HouseholdsHouseholds55

TubewellTubewellKarezeKarezeSpringSpring

Groundwater Groundwater dependable dependable sourcessources

44WheatWheatCropsCrops33

Sheep/goatSheep/goatLivestockLivestock11

IndicatorIndicatorParameterParameterPriority Priority OrderOrder

Identified Key Parameters & Identified Key Parameters & IndicatorsIndicators

Impacts of water scarcityImpacts of water scarcityLong period of water scarcity could produce serious Long period of water scarcity could produce serious hydrologic imbalance and thus social impactshydrologic imbalance and thus social impacts

322021620210313223314421539473Total (million Rs)

1363293903834408---Spring

968444284554702---Karez

1281798338145---Tubewell

702107232209623116Wheat

43101098800814812531255Apple Orchard

2593381555144534777202Sheep/Goat

Killa Abdul-

lah

PishinQuet-ta

Killa Abdul-

lah

Pishin

Quet-ta

Indirect LossDirect LossTotal

Financial Loss (million Rs)

Indicator

Cumulative Financial Losses during DroughtCumulative Financial Losses during Drought

Major Water Issues in BalochistanMajor Water Issues in BalochistanWater ScarcityHigh Evaporation Losses (3000 mm)Low water use efficienciesDepleting groundwater aquifers

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001

Ye a r

No.

of t

ubew

ells

Pu b lic Priv a te T o ta l

** ** ****

TIMETIME

GR

OSS

CA

PITA

L FO

RM

ATI

ON

GR

OSS

CA

PITA

L FO

RM

ATI

ON

DEVELOPING COUNTRIESDEVELOPING COUNTRIESINDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIESINDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES

** DISASTERDISASTER

Effects of Disasters on Effects of Disasters on Capital FormationCapital Formation

Adapted from Mora, Adapted from Mora, ““El El impactoimpacto de de loslosdesastresdesastres, , aspectosaspectos socialessociales, , polpolíítifcostifcoseconeconóómicosmicos, , ambientalesambientales y y susu relacirelacióónncon el con el desarrollodesarrollo de de nuestrosnuestros papaíísesses(BID, 1999)(BID, 1999)

Thank youThank you