introduction to the subjunctive note: to change images on this slide, select a picture and delete...
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction to the Subjunctive
The first thing you need to know in order to “get” the subjunctive is the basic
structure of the language.
Spanish is divided into three MOODS.
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• The INDICATIVE MOOD expresses:• What is done• What is being done• What has been done• What will be done• What would be done if…
• The SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD expresses what you:• Hope will be done
• Want to be done
• Doubt will be done
• Wish will be done
• Suggest would be done
• Recommend to be done
• The IMPERATIVE MOOD expresses:• Commands!
The MOODS are then divided into TENSES:
• INDICATIVE tenses:• Present indicative (I speak)
• Imperfect (I was speaking)
• Preterit (I spoke)• Future (I will speak)• Conditional (I would speak)
• The perfect tenses (I have/had spoken)
• SUBJUNCTIVE tenses:• Present subjunctive (He wants me to speak.)
• Imperfect subjunctive (He wanted me to speak.)
• Perfect subjunctive (He wishes that I had spoken.)
• Pluperfect subjunctive (He wished that I would have spoken.)
Now that you know what the subjunctive is, let’s conjugate it!
Steps for conjugation:
1. Find the YO form of the present (indicative) tense.
2. Remove the –o ending
3. Add opposite verb endings:
Subjunctive endings:
SUBJECT -AR verbs -ER and -IR verbs
yo -e -a
tú -es -as
él/ella/usted -e -a
nosotros -emos -amos
vosotros -éis -áis
ellos/ellas/ustedes -en -an
So…
HABLAR COMER PONER
hable coma ponga
hables comas pongas
hable coma ponga
hablemos comamos pongamos
habléis comáis pongáis
hablen coman pongan
No matter how weird the verb is, if it can go through the above three steps, it has a regular subjunctive form. For example:
• CONOCER (tú) yo conozco subjunctive: conozcas
• VER (nosotros) yo veo subjunctive: veamos
• TENER (usted) yo tengo subjunctive: tenga
• QUERER (ellos) yo quiero quieran
Spelling changes
•-CAR -QU (buscar busque)
•-GAR -GU (llegar llegue)
•-ZAR -C (abrazar abrace)
IRREGULARS!
SER IR DAR ESTAR SABER HABER*
yo sea vaya dé esté sepa haya
tú seas vayas des estés sepas hayas
él/ella/usted
sea vaya dé esté sepa haya
nosotros
seámos vayamos demos estemos sepamos hayamos
vosotros
seáis vayáis deis estéis sepáis hayáis
ellos/ellas/ustedes
sean vayan den estén sepan hayan
*These forms are used for the present perfect subjunctive—making an expression in the present about a past event. Otherwise, haya is the subjunctive form of hay: “Espero que haya chocolate.”
The Present Subjunctive
The subjunctive mood is used to say that one person influences the actions of another.
• Recomendamos que Uds. hablen con un agente de viajes.• We recommend that you speak with a travel agent.
• Quiere Ud. que escribamos nuestros nombres en las maletas?• Do you want us to write our names on our suitcases?
Note that the subjunctive sentences have two parts, each with a different subject, connected by the word que:
•Ella sugiere que
•The first part uses the present indicative verb (recommendation, suggestion, prohibition, and so on) + que, and the second part uses the present subjunctive verb (what should happen).
Ella sugiere
yo aprenda francés.
Verbs that are often followed by que + subjunctive:
decir prohibir
insistir en querer
necesitar recomendar
permitir sugerir
preferir
(¿Qué significan estos verbos?)
The present subjunctive has the same spelling changes and irregular yo form changes used with commands
1) Traer yo traigo
2) Drop the "o" traig-
3) Add the opposite ending traiga
Caer (Caigo)
Decir (digo)
Hacer (Hago)
Oír (Oigo)
Poner (Pongo)
Salir (Salgo)
Venir (Vengo)
If the “yo" form is irregular, the subjunctive form will follow the irregular pattern:
If there is a stem change in the Present Tense, there will be a stem change in all of the conjugations in the Subjunctive form with the exception of the nosotros form of -AR and -ER verbs.
Infinitive (Verb) Present tense Yo Subjunctive Yo formSubjunctive Nosotros
form
Pedir Pido Pida Pidamos
Pensar Pienso Piense Pensemos
Dormir Duermo Duerma Durmamos
Entender Entiendo Entienda Entendamos
Poder Puedo Pueda Podamos
Only -IR verbs continue to stem-change in all forms of the Present Subjunctive and they follow the same stem-changes as in the Preterite.