INTRODUCTION

TO

TELECOMMUNICATIONS

INSTRUCTOR INTRODUCTION

Ali Mustafa

BSC Computer Engineering

(Comsats Pakistan)

MS Mobile Communication

(University of Bradford England)

Worked as

GSM Engineer in I-Track

Telecom Engineer in UFONE

WiMAX Engineer in NUST

GET IN TOUCH WITH INSTRUCTOR

Class Meeting Times & Locations: Tuesday 09:00 am – 11:30 am

Instructor Designation: Assistant Professor

Instructor Telephone: 057-9316329-137

Instructor E-Mail Address: ali.mustafa@ciit-attock.edu.pk

Instructor Office Hours:

Monday 9:00 am -4:30 pm

Instructor Office Location* : Room # 24 EE Department

SUBJECT INFORMATION

SUBJECT NAME:

Introduction to Telecommunications

CREDIT HRS :

03

CONTACT HRS :

03 per week

TEXT BOOK :

Will confirm later

REFERANCE MATERIAL :

Internet

OBJECTIVES

Understand theory and practical approach towards

telecommunication.

Analyzing how can a be a part of telecom industry.

Understanding of different telecommunication

networks.

EVALUATION PLAN

The Course assessment will be made up of the

following four components;

1. Sessionals --- 25%

2. Quizzes --- 15%

3. Assignments --- 10%

4. Final Examination --- 50%

STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR:

1. Attendance. If a student misses more than 3

class sessions they may be dropped.

2. Arriving to each class on time. Late comers are

disruptive to the class.

3. Letting the instructor know if you require any

special considerations such as special seating.

4. Turning off all cell phones while in class.

5. Conducting themselves in a professional

manner; refraining from talking in class except

as part of a classroom discussion or to ask a

question.

STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR:

6. Knowing and adhering to due dates for all

assignments, mid-term and final exam.

7. Taking or acquiring class notes.

8. Knowing COMSATS policies and procedures, This

includes plagiarism and cheating.

9. Letting the instructor know if you are having

difficulty with any part of the course. Special time

can be arranged for individual assistance.

COURSE CONTENTS

Introduction to Communication Systems

Performance & Design Tradeoffs

Ideal and Practical Filters

Signal Distortion over a Communication Channel

Linear Modulation Schemes & Modulators

PLL Principle and Carrier Acquisition

Superheterodyne AM Receiver

Angle Modulation Schemes & Modulators

Spectral Analysis of Angle Modulation Schemes

FM Receiver Example, Frequency Division Multiplexing

Baseband Digital Data Transmission

Sampling Theorem and Pulse Code Modulation Schemes

COURSE CONTENTS......

Digital Signal Line Coding Schemes

Base Band Transmission on Band Limited Channels

Inter Symbol Interference, Nyquist Pulse Shaping

Criterions for Zero ISI

Equalizers, Linear Mean Square Estimation

Regenerative Repeaters

Time Division Multiplexing & Digital Multiplexing

Schemes

Spread Spectrum Modulation Schemes

Code Division Multiple Access

Examples of Analog & Digital Comm. Systems

STUDENT INTRODUCTION

Welcome to COMSATS

Welcome to this Course

Brief Introduction

About yourself

Last semester experience

Suggestions

NOTE: Medium of communication will be English in the class.

APPLICATIONS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Business

Telecommunications

Telecommunications

Architectures

Electronic commu-

nications system

Electronic meeting

systems

Business process

systems

• Centralized

• Distributed

• Client/server

• Interorganizational

• Global

• Electronic mail

• Voice mail

• Bulletin Board systems

• Videotex

• Fascimile

• Public Information Service

• Desktop Video

conferencing

• Decision room

conferencing

• Computer

conferencing

• Teleconferencing

• Online transaction

processing

• Inquiry/Response

• EDI / XML

• Electronic Funds Transfer

• Activity monitoring

• Process control

• Telecommuting

TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS

General trend: Connect everybody to everybody else.

Internet-network technologies thousands new hardware- and software products

web-browsers, HTML- editors, firewalls

Open systems: based on standards connectivity of systems: middleware

OSI, TCP/IP

Digital technologies higher transmission speed

larger information streams

more efficient transmission method

less errors

INTERNET REVOLUTION

Explosive growth

Terminology

WWW: inquiry sources of information via

graphical browser software

E-mail: electronic mail

Usenet: place messages on bulletin board

IRC: real time dialogs

FTP: file transfer

Telnet: login on other systems

Other: telephone, video conferencing, ...

TELECOMMUNICATION MODEL Terminals

terminal, office equipment , telephones , ...

Telecommunications processors modems, multiplexers, front-end processors, ...

Telecommunications channels and media copper wires, coaxial cables, fiber optic cables, satellites, ...

Computers host computers, front-end computers, network servers, ...

Telecommunications control software telecommunication monitors, network operating systems, ...

Middleware: Computer Software that provides services to softwareapplications beyond those available from the operating system.

LANPC-workstation PC-workstation

PC-workstationPC-workstationPC-workstation

PC-workstation

Network

Server

Port to

other networks

Shared hard disk

Shared

printer

Databases and

Software packages

WAN - INTERNETWORK

network

in US

network

in Europe

Mainframe,

hosts

Internet

network

in Australia

LAN’s

LAN’s

Tymnet

Cisco corporation network

CLIENT/SERVER NETWORK

Intranet

Company A

IntranetCompany B

Mainframe host system

Router

Router

Internet

Firewall

Firewall

CLIENT - SERVER

Clients

Clients

comm.

server

comm.

server

DB.

server

Print

server

DB.

server

O.A.

server

CAD

server

MEDIA AND CHANNELS Signals

◦ analog◦ digital

Cables◦ Twisted-pair interference

◦ Coaxial cable 20x more expensive5.500 simultaneous phone calls

◦ Fiber-optic 1 fiber 30.000 phone calls

Wireless◦ microwave◦ satellites

Radio, Infrared, Cellular Radio, Mobile computing

GPS global positioning system

Medium Transmission speed

Metal wire .0012Mbps - 10 Mbps

Microwave .256 Mbps - 100Mbps

Fiber optics .5Mbps - 1,000Mbps

COMMUNICATION HARDWARE

Modems 9.600 14.400 28.800 bps

Transmission mode

Simplex 1 circuit , 1 direction

Half-duplex 1 circuit, 2 directions, difficult co-ordination

Full duplex 2 circuits, 2 directions

Transmission accurateness

parity bits forward and backward error correction

Processors

multiplexers frequency, time or statistic time distribution

front-end processors to handle routine communication tasks with

peripheral equipment

NETWORK TOPOLOGY

Star

all communications go via the central system

Bus

can easily be extended at the ends

Ring

more secure

STAR NETWORK

With direct

connections

- Efficient , also for high speeds- With a large number of workstations cabling might be a problem

Point-to-point lines

STAR NETWORK (MULTIPLEXED)

Access viamultiplexedlineseventually rented

- local speed up to 2000 char/sec , 1M char/sec very expensive - internationally 1000 char/sec commonly available

Shared usage of abroadband network

- more complex hardware- simpler cabling system

Multidrop lines

BUS NETWORK

RING NETWORKS

Ring Network

- more equal basis

PUBLIC DATA NETWORKS

PAD

Data Network

E.g..: DCS 1000 - 6000 char/sec , cost / volume data ( X25 )Due to high connection cost ($ 30.000 year) usage of PAD

PAD =Packet Assemblerand Disassembler

ISDN

ISDN

- universal network for telephone and data- > 6000 char/sec

ISDNIntegrated servicesDigital network

THE TCP/IP AND THE 7 LAYER OSI MODEL

Application- or

process layer

Host-to-host

transport layerInternet-protocol

IP

network-interface

Physical layer

Application layer

Presentation layer

Session layer

Transport layer

Network layer

data link

Physical layer

Communication services

for end users

Correct formatting

and coding

Support for session

initiation

Data transfers between

nodes

routing of

connections

Support for error-free

data transfer

physical access to

communication media

TCP/IP OSI

OSI 7-LAYER MODEL

7. Application (user application program)

6. Presentation (user interface / screen display )

5. Session ( exchange between two nodes on the network )

4. Transport ( protocol for encoding messages )

3. Network ( mechanism for separating multiple messages )

2. Link ( data encoding schemes )

1. Physical ( wires, connectors , voltage )