introduction to research nctu 任維廉 1. 自我介紹：任維廉 (william) 現職：交通大學...
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Introduction to Research
NCTU 任維廉 1
自我介紹：任維廉 (William)
現職：交通大學 管理學院 運輸科技與管理系 教授學歷：交大 管理科學研究所 博士經歷： 交大 運輸科技與管理學系 系主任 交大 傑出教學獎 台北市 交通局 顧問
新竹市政府市政顧問 中華民國 運輸學會 理事 PCMPCL, Harvard Business School
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交通大學 運管系 任維廉2
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Lang, G. and Heiss, G. D. ,
A Practical Guide to Research Methods
出處
Outline
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The Research Process
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3 Some Research Terms
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Levels of Training in Research
Appendix A
1. The Research Process
1.1 What is research
1.2 Why are research methods used?
1.3 How are these research methods used?
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1.1 What is research
A systematic and unbiased way of solving a problem through generating verifiable data.
John Dewey’s schema for cognition
① A puzzling situation
② Define the problem
③ Formulation of hypothesis
④ Collection, organization and analysis of data
⑤ Formulation of possible conclusions
⑥ Verification, rejection or modification
大膽假設，小心求證？6
1.2 Why Use Research Methods
Scientific methods The most reliable way to move from limited, biased
perceptions and opinions to fact or tentative truth Self-correcting nature
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① Authority② Personal experiences③ Common sense④ Intuition
① Scientific methods
1.3 How to Use Research Methods
Legitimate, ethical uses of research methods e.g., design a study: potentially harmful car components
will appear to be safe?
Politics of research
Taboo area
e.g., genetic engineering, ……
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2. Levels of Training in Research
2.1 Research literacy
2.2 Action research
2.3 Applied research
2.4 Basic research
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2.1 Research literacy
Ability to ask cogent questions
Selection of research tools
Analysis of data
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2.2 Action research
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Solving a problem which is of limited, local interest
Research Evaluation
• A systematic process for gathering data
• Answering specific questions or test certain hypotheses
• Gathering data on all parts of the setting or object under study
2.3 Applied research
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Solve an immediate problem or improve a product or a process
e.g., educational research
2.4 Basic research
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IV. Basic research
Increase understanding of fundamental principles. It is not intended to yield immediate commercial benefits.
It is the basis for many commercial products and applied research.
3. Some research terms
Operational definition Clearly define the key variables, concepts, and terms e.g., “intelligence” Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
Highly technical nature
e.g., ITS, VRP (Vehicle routing problem)
Common words with a very special meaning
e.g., “Patent”, “Adult” and “Child”
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Ask yourself whether someone else reading your proposal clearly understands what you mean by that particular term.
Research is one field where flowery rhetoric will do more harm than good.
A researcher, unlike a politician, must be precise.
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4. Appendix A Checklist for evaluating a research report
The title
I. Introduction: problem, related research, hypotheses, assumption and delimitation, operational definitions
II. Method: materials, instruments, procedure
III. Results and conclusions
IV. Discussion
V. Summary
Communication
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