“Introduction to Remote sensing

and GIS (Geographical Information System)”

Presented by Rehana Jamal

Topic

Dated :05/10/14

Database Management System , Remote sensing and GIS (Geographical Information System)

Subject

Lecture#3 Part-I0

5/1

1/1

4

1

What is Remote sensing?

Remote sensing is a technique of collecting information from a distance

Remotely sensed data

The data collected from a distance

2

05

/11

/14

OR

“Remote Sensing (RS) is the science and art of acquiring information about material objects, area, or phenomenon, without coming into physical contact with the objects, areas, or phenomenon under investigation “

Definitions of Remote Sensing

“Remote sensing is the science and art of obtaining information about an object ,area or phenomenon through the analysis of data acquired by a device that is not in contact with the object, area or phenomenon under investigation”

OR

05

/11

/14

3

What is GIS?

“GIS is a computer system that can hold and use data describing places on the Earth’s surface.”

Rhind(1989)

“A set of tools for collecting, storing, retrieval at will, transforming, and displaying spatial data from the real world for a particular set of purposes”

Burrough(1986)

“A system for capturing , storing, checking, integrating, manipulating, analyzing and displaying data which are spatially referenced to the Earth”

Department of the Environment4

05

/11

/14

4

Brief history of Remote sensing First aerial photograph was taken from a balloon suspended over Paris

by the French photographer and balloonist Gaspard-Felix Tournachon, known as “Nadar”, in 1858

Aerial photographs by balloons in 1860 1st Military use of photograph in American Civil War to analyze the

defence in1862 Balloons, Aerophile i & ii by French Richards Brothers in1893 Leon P.Teisserenc de Bort, a French meteorologist founded two

parts of atmosphere in 1899 TROPOSPHERE up to 700 miles STRATOSPHERE above 700 miles Weather kites were after balloons up to 11000-12000 ft. Small cameras & faster lenses and films were available by early

1900. Wilber Wright took 1st photograph from airplane in 1909 At the end of 1918: 56000prints of aerial photographs were taken Aerial photography 1st used in the 2nd World War In 1920-1930s Amphibious bush plane used in Canada Space ships :Sputnik i-(1957) & ii-(1958) Satellite imagery presently used started from 1972

05

/11

/14

5

Honore Daumier, (Nadar elevating Photography to Art), published in Le

Boulevard, May 25, 1862.

Hot air belloons

Gas balloons: Hydrogen, Helium,Ammonia,Coal gas, Methane

Roziere balloons

Balloon landing in Mashgh square, Iran (Persia), at the time of Nasser al-

Din Shah Qajar, around 1850

Balloons

05

/11

/14

6

Kite photo of San Francisco after the earthquake of 1906

The first kite aerial photographs were taken by British

meteorologist Douglas Archibald in 1887 and Arthur Batut in (France) in 1888.

Manned kite flying and aerial photography was advanced also by

French Marcel Maillot,

British Robert Baden-Powel,

Americans Charles Lamson and William Abner Eddy,

Australian Lawrence Hargrave (inventor of box kite in 1893 and kite train in 1884) and French Captain Saconney.

Kite Aerial Photography (KAP)

05

/11

/14

7

A modern blimp from Airship Good year blimp

Early Chinese rocket (First solid rocket in 9th century)

Alexander the GreatHere Alexander holds a rocket, the first depiction of one

Rockets

Blims

Three reusable future space vehicles concepts under consideration by NASA.

05

/11

/14

8

First airmail service by helicopter in Los Angeles, 1947

Frenchman Etienne Oehmichen, set the first helicopter world record recognized by the (FAI) on 14 April 1924, flying his helicopter 360 meters (1,181 ft).

Oehmichen N°2 1922

Modern aerostat, U.S. Air Force

Helicopters

Open ceremony was conducted in 2010 Common wealth Games

05

/11

/14

9

Dirigibles

From the French ( to direct plus -ible), meaning "directable" or steerable

A modern airship

All modern airships, since the 1960s, use helium

Airships were the first aircraft to enable controlled, powered flight, and were widely used before the 1940s

In the background, ZR-3, in front of it, (l to r) J-3 or 4, K-1, ZMC-2, in front of them, "Caquot" observation balloon, and in foreground free balloons used for training. US Navy airships and balloons, 1931

05

/11

/14

10

Parachutes/skydiving

Jump with Russian flag 12-way formation with videographer seen in upper-right corner

The history of skydiving starts with Andre- Jacques Garnerin who made successful parachute jumps from a hot-air balloon in 1797. The military developed parachuting technology as a way to save aircrews from emergencies aboard balloons and aircraft in flight, later as a way of delivering soldiers to the battlefield. Early competitions date back to the 1930s, and it became an international sport in 1952.

05

/11

/14

11

Pakistan’s satellites

Badr-1 prior to its launch

Artificial communication satellite

Launched from Xichang Launch Centre in July,1990

The satellite was designed in SUPARCO Satellite Control Center at Lahore

Badr-B, also known as Badr-2, is the research and Earth observation satellite. It was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome, Baikonur, Kazakhstan on December 10, 2001 abroad a Ukrainian Zenit-2 rocket.

Badr-2 is developed in collaboration with UK industry and science institutes

PAKSAT-1R

Launched on Aug.12,2011

05

/11

/14

12

Spatial data acquisition techniques

Remote sensing is a spatial data acquisition technique:

Agronomist: forecast the agricultural period

An urban planner: identify areas illegally built

An Engineer: determine optical configuration( terrain obstacles of buildings) for siting relay stations for Telecommunication companies

Mining Engineer: explore the area to map the surface mineralogy

Climatologist: identify the parameters including sea currents, meteorology, energy interactions between the land and water

05

/11

/14

13

Use of Remote sensing

Techniques:

Aerial photography

Airborne radar

Scanner data

Satellite imagery

Remote sensing techniques are used to take measurements

Uses:Topographic maps Forestry Geology Land use Soil maps City maps

05

/11

/14

14

Methods of Spatial data acquisition

Conducting interviews

Land surveying

Laboratory measurements of samples

Interpretation of satellite images

Measurements by in situ sensors

Aerial photographs

05

/11

/14

15

Two main categories of Spatial data acquisition

Ground based methods

Remote sensing methods

Real world Observation & measurements

Spatial database

Real worldSpatial database

Observation & measurementsSensors

Image data

05

/11

/14

16

Applications of Remote sensing

Remote sensing provides image data

Remote sensing requires ground data

Remote sensing provides area covering data

Remote sensing surface data

Remote sensing is suited to areas difficult to access

Remote sensing provides multipurpose image data

05

/11

/14

17

References: www.google.com

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_photography

Principles of Remote sensing edited by Lucas L.E. Janssen(Ch#1)

http://www.suparco.gov.pk/pages/paksat1r.asp ?satlinksid=1

http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/space/teachers/rockets/history.html

05

/11

/14

18

Possible Exam Questions

Q1.Define the following: 3*3=9

Remote sensing

GIS

Spatial data

Q2.Define Remote sensing. Describe in detail the applications of remote sensing.

15 Marks

Q3. Define spatial data.what are the spatial data acquisition techniques?

15 Marks

Q4.Write a note on brief history of remote sensing. 5 Marks05

/11

/14

19