introduction to physics for students
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Understanding Physics
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Understanding Physics
1. Like all sciences, physics is based on experimental observations and quantitative measurements.
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Understanding Physics
2. Historically, until nineteenth century, physics was called natural philosophy.
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Understanding Physics
3. Physics is a branch of science concerning study of natural phenomena, that is, properties of matter and energy.
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Understanding Physics
• 4. Some examples of natural phenomena are
(a) sunrise and sunset, (b) lightning and thunder, (c) rainbow and blue sky, (d) earthquake and tsunami.
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Field of study in Physics
In general, physics is concerned with the study of energy and the properties and structure of matter.
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Field of study in Physics
Physics
Classical Modern
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Field of study in Physics
• deals with questions regarding motion and energyMechanics (forces and motion)HeatSoundEelectricity and magnetism Light
Physics
Classical Modern
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Field of study in Physics
• concentrates on scientific beliefs about the basic structure of the material world
Physics
Classical Modern
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Understanding Base Quantities and Derived Quantities
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Base Quantities
• 1. Physical quantities are quantities that can be measured.
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Base Quantities
2. A physical quantity can be represented by a symbol of the quantity, a numerical value for the magnitude of the quantity and the unit of measurement of the quantity.
Length, l = 1.67 ml - symbol 1.67is the value m - unit
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Base Quantities
• 3. Base quantities are physical quantities that cannot be defined in terms of other quantities.
Base quantity :Length
Derived quantity :Area = length x length
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Base Quantities
Base quantities SI base units
Name Symbol Name Symbol
Length l Metre m
Mass m Kilogram Kg
Time t Second s
Electric current
I Ampere A
Temperature T Kelvin K
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Derived Quantities
1 Derived quantities are physical quantities derived from base quantities by multiplication or division or both. The unit for a derived quantity is known as a derived unit.
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Derived Quantities
takenTime
ntDisplaceme
takenTime
velocityinChanges
ms -1
volume
Mass kg
m3
Derived quantities Derived units
Area = Length x breadth [Area] = m x m = m2
Velocity = [Velocity] = = ms–1
Acceleration=
Density = [Density] = = kgm–3
m
s
[Acceleration] = = ms–2
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Vectors and Scalars
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ScalarA SCALAR is ANY quantity in
physics that has MAGNITUDE, but NOT a direction associated with it.
Magnitude – A numerical value with units.
Scalar Example
Magnitude
Speed 20 m/s
Distance 10 m
Age 15 years
Heat 1000 calories
Temperature 37OCMass 100kg
Volume 5m3
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VectorA VECTOR is ANY quantity in
physics that has BOTH MAGNITUDE and DIRECTION.
Vector Magnitude & Direction
Velocity 20 m/s, NAcceleration 10 m/s/s, EWeight 100N
(toward center of the earth)
Force 5 N, West
Fav,,
Vectors are typically illustrated by drawing an ARROW above the symbol. The arrow is used to convey direction and magnitude.