Journal of Philosophy, Inc.

Introduction to Philosophy by Wilhelm Jerusalem; Charles F. SandersReview by: A. K. RogersThe Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods, Vol. 8, No. 8 (Apr. 13, 1911),pp. 220-221Published by: Journal of Philosophy, Inc.Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2012964 .

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220 THE JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY

too loose, to do justice to the facts of life when moral and religious ex- perience is included, and we should insist on refusing allegiance to either of these terms till one or the other of them has been remolded and de- veloped in accordance with the requirements of an ethical metaphysics " (p. 147).

To the philosopher who desires to keep in touch with the newer thought in theology this book of Professor Lyman's may be confidently commended.

WILLIAM ADAMS BROWN. UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY.

Introduction to Philosophy. WILHELM JERUSALEM. Authorized transla- tion by Charles F. Sanders. New York: The Macmillan Company. 1910. Pp. x+319.

This is a translation of the fourth edition of the German work. It is very unlikely that an introduction to philosophy has ever been, or ever will be written, which will satisfy more than a small minority of philos- ophy teachers. Jerusalem's book is, however, a real addition to the field. It has many merits, and perhaps no more defects than are bound to attach to any method of dealing with the subject that may be selected. The plan that is followed is in general to combine a brief historical and analytic survey with a constructive outline which sets forth the writer's own interpretation. There are naturally objections to be found to either of these procedures. Both are likely to be too sketchy to be altogether satisfying; and in the expression of his own opinions a writer is under temptation to let his private idiosyncrasies take space from the real task. But the first objec- tion belongs, so far as I can see, to the ideal of an introductory book, rather than to any particular form that it takes; and Jerusalem's point of view is sufficiently synthetic and objective to avoid any very sharp con- demnation on the second ground, and to enable most teachers to get with- out much trouble a point of attachment. It is to be expected that the German origin will present certain drawbacks. Most of the references to recent literature are naturally to Germans-though it may be noted that among other countries America fares particularly well; and in some instances, where the authors are not yet fully naturalized, the treatment is alike too extended and too general to be easily utilized. This, I suspect, is the case with the rather extended account of Avenarius, for example; and occasionally in other places the author assumes an acquaintance with recent German developments which the average American professor pos- sibly ought to have, but in all likelihood does not possess. This, however, does not affect seriously the general value of the book. On the whole the treatment is lucid, straightforward, and reasonably exact; and it is ren- dered into clear and adequate English.

It is perhaps hardly fair to attempt much criticism of the doctrine of a book which is professedly an introduction. On the whole, I am inclined to think that the attempt to keep such a book entirely objective necessarily involves the lack of any real organization and unity in it; and until philosophers all agree of course a personal point of view will be unac- ceptable to its opponents. If the writer wishes to insert his own doc-

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PSYCHOLOGY AND SCIENTIFIC METHODS 221

trines, and does this clearly and with due perspective, he has perhaps met all legitimate pedagogical demands; many teachers, indeed, will be glad to find things to criticize, up to a point, as an aid to class method.

It would not be difficult to find a good many things in detail with which to quarrel, especially in the metaphysical section; and there is a tendency, more noticeable in the sections that deal with some of the other disciplines, toward generalizations, sociological generalizations in par- ticular, that lack something in sharpness of outline and logical rigor. But perhaps this is a necessity of the case, and on the whole the effect of the book is cumulative in leading up to a pretty definite philosophical outlook. Two quotations will perhaps sufficiently indicate the general animus. Philosophy is defined, to begin with, as the " intellectual effort which is undertaken with a view to combining the common experiences of life and the results of scientific investigation into a harmonious and consistent world theory; a world theory, moreover, which is adapted to satisfy the requirements of the understanding and the demands of the heart." Again, of method: " The formal demands which the present age imposes upon an effective philosophy are, that it should be empirical and strictly scientific in its nature and method, and that it return to sound common sense." " Briefly stated, the points of view secured for philos- ophy by means of this influence are the genetic, the biological, and the social methods of studying psychical processes." The book has some points of contact with American pragmatism, though the actual treat- ment of pragmatism in the text will scarcely be accepted as adequate.

A. K. ROGERS. UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI.

JOURNALS AND NEW BOOKS

MIND. October, 1910. The Psychological Explanation of the Devel- opment of the Perception of External Reality (pp. 457-469): HI. W. B. JOSEPH. - An examination of Professor Stout's view that " the two factors involved in the perception of external reality are motor adaptation and the projection of the self." It is maintained that this view lacks "real coherence." The Truth of Protagoras (pp. 470-492): C. M. GILLESPIE. -

Objection is made to Mr. Schiller's interpretation of the dictum of Pro- tagoras, " Man is the measure of all things," as being the first statement of the fundamental principle of pragmatism, or humanism. " There is no justification whatever for the view that Protagoras taught that truth is a 'value' or any similar pragmatist doctrine." Difference as Ultimate and Dimensional (pp. 493-522): ARCHIBALD A. BOWMAN. -An examina- tion of the negative logical judgment " S is not P." It is contended that " such an assertion is in its nature sui generis," that "behind the logical indifference to quality there is a vital distinction of kind between the affirmative and negative judgment," a distinction that is "unsolvable," and which, when taken into account, renders impossible the logical proc- ess of obversion. The Apprehension of Feeling (pp. 523-532): HELEN

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