introduction to pathophysiology of tumors
TRANSCRIPT
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Pathophysiology of DiseasesNeoplasms
Dr. Nermeen BastawyFaculty of Medicine
Cairo University
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NEOPLASMS
• Abnormal growth due to uncontrolled cell division. • Tumor is a growth of a mass. • Benign tumor• Malignant tumor (Cancer)
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Tumor is monoclonal
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CompressionHge Compression
Hge , mets, death
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Benign or malignant ?
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Incidence of Tumors
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Classification of Malignancy
Germ cell tumors
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Carcinogens
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Metastasis • The ability to produce 2ry tumors at a new
location away from the primary origin.• Malignant cells spreads through blood &
lymphatics
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Pathogenesis of Metastasis
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LLBB mets
Bone
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How Tumor Escape Immune Defenses ?
• Low immunogenicity: Antigen: Absence / Masked / Induce
immunologic tolerance.• Antigen Modulation• Production of immunosuppressive
factors• Immuno suppressor drugs
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Cachexia
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Cachexia A complex syndrome characterized by
Anorexia Weight loss Lean body wasting Cannot be reversed nutritionally End stage cancer death
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Pathogenesis of cachexia
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Complications of Malignancy
• Anemia• Fever• Venous obstruction• Backache• Depression
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Complication of Radiotherapy
Acute nausea, vomiting,
erosion of GIT mucosa,
dermatitis, bone marrow
suppression
Chronic Sterility
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Complication of Chemotherapy
Acute Organ toxicity due to uptake of the drug
Inhibition of cell division of lymphoid tissue,
bone marrow, GIT mucosa, skin & gonads,
Chronic Occurs months or years after chemotherapy:
anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia
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Cancer Screening and Diagnosis
Test Cancer Sex Age Frequency Breast self-examination Breast Female 20+ MonthlyMammogram Breast Female 40-49
50+Every 1-2 yearyearly
Pelvic examination Uterus/ Ovaries/ Cervix
Female 18-3940+
Every1-3 years Yearly
Testicle self-examination Testicle Male 18+ MonthlySigmoidoscopy Colon Both 50+ Every 3-5 yearsFecal occult blood test Colon Both 50+ Yearly
Digital rectal examination Prostate/ Colorectal Both 40+ Yearly
General checkup Both 20-39 40+
Every 3 years Yearly
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Breast Self Examination
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