introduction to microbiology untan.ppt

8/18/2019 Introduction to Microbiology UNTAN.ppt

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Introduction to

Microbiology


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History of Microbiology

• 1!" # $irst compound light

microscope %acharias &anssen


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History

• 1'' #rst observation ofbacteria*animalcules+

nton -on eeu/enhoe0


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History

• 1!' # $irst vaccine(smallpo)

Ed/ard &enner

http://www.digitalcentury.com/ebcyclo/update/comp.html


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History

• 12 # 3erm 4heory of5isease ouis6asteur


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History

• 12' ntiseptic Surgery

&oseph ister


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History

• 1227 8och9s 6ostulates of5isease 4ransmission

:obert 8och


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History

• 122 ; -accine against

:abies, ouis 6asteur


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History

• 1!

leander $leming

http://commtechlab.msu.edu/sites/dlc-me/zoo/microbes/media/penicil.jpg


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History

• 1!=2 # $irst ElectronMicroscope

• The electron microscope iscapable of magnifying biologicalspecimens up to one milliontimes. These computer enhancedimages of 1. smallpox, 2. herpes

simplex, and 3. mumps aremagnied, respectively, 150,000,

150,000 and 0,000 times.


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• 1!=2 ; Mi0ros0op Ele0tron 6ertama

Mi0ros0op ele0tron mampu

pembesar spesimen biologi sampaisatu >uta 0ali. 8omputer iniditing0at0an gambar 1. cacar,


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History

1!= Structure of 5?:evealed

@atson A Bric0


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History

1!7 6olio -accine

&onas Sal0

http://www.sandiegohistory.org/bio/salk/images/salk2.jpghttp://www.sandiegohistory.org/bio/salk/images/salk2.jpg


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:ecent History

• 3enetic engineering

• Bloning

•Human 3enome 6ro>ect• Ciotechnology

• @ho 0no/s /hat is netD


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tera0hir Se>arah

• re0ayasa geneti0a

• 8loning

• 6roye0 3enom Manusia• Ciote0nologi

• Siapa tahu apa yang beri0utnyaD


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Sies of Microbes

• -irus ; 1" F1""" nanometers G

•Cacteria ; ".1 F micrometers GG (Human eye ) can see .1 mm (1 1" ;= m)

G ne billionth or 1 1";!

mGG ne millionth or 1 1" ;' m


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lat Mi0robiologi

• Senya/a cahaya Mi0ros0op ; spesimen hidup; 1.""" mag. atau 0urang

• ele0tron Mi0ros0op ; spesimen ?on;hidup

; 1.""" J mag.

In0ubator ; men>aga mi0roba hangat untu0 pertumbuhan


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4echniLues of

Microbiology• Staining # to better see structures• Microbial Bulture• Bontainer for microbe culture

; usually 6etri dish• Bulture media; $ood for the microbes

; E.g. gar # (from red algae)

; thers such as nutrient broths


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4e0ni0 Mi0robiologi

• 6e/arnaan ; untu0 lebih melihatstru0turmi0roba 8ultur

@adah untu0 0ultur mi0roba; Ciasanya 6etri hidanganmedia 0ultur

; Ma0anan untu0 mi0roba; Mis gar ; (dari ganggang merah); ain;lain seperti 0aldu nutrisi


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6ure Bulture 4echniLues

1. Inoculation


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• Microorganisms are organismsthat are too small to be seen/ith the unaided eye.

• *3erm+ refers to a rapidlygro/ing cell.

Microbes in Our Lives


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Mi0roba dalam Hidup 8ita

• Mi0roorganisme adalah organismeyang terlalu 0ecil untu0 dilihatdengan mata telan>ang.

8uman mengacu 0e selber0embang pesat.


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@HN S4O5N

MIB:CI3N• 6ublic Health

pplications

• $ood pplications• Industrial pplications

• Ciofuels pplications

• Ciopharmaceuticalapplications


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• 8esehatan Masyara0at pli0asima0anan pli0asiindustri pli0asi

Ciofuels pli0asibiofarmasi apli0asi


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Microorganisms

• 5ecompose organic /aste

• re producers in the ecosystem by

photosynthesis

• 6roduce industrial chemicals suchas ethanol and acetone

• 6roduce fermented foods

such as vinegar, cheese,and bread


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Microorganisme

• Mengurai0an limbah organi0Merupa0an produsen dalame0osistem dengan

fotosintesisMenghasil0an bahan 0imia industriseperti

sebagai etanol dan asetonMenghasil0an ma0anan fermentasiseperti cu0a, 0e>u, dan roti


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Microorganisms

Figure 1.1


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Microorganisms

• 6roduce products used in

manufacturing (e.g., cellulase)

and treatment (e.g., insulin)• fe/ are pathogenic,

disease;causing


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Microorganisms

• Menghasil0an produ0 yangdiguna0an dalam manufa0tur (misalnya, selulase)

dan pengobatan (misalnya,insulin)Ceberapa bersifat patogen,

penyebab penya0it


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8no/ledge of

Microorganisms

• llo/s humans to

– 6revent food spoilage – 6revent disease occurrence

• ed to aseptic techniLues toprevent contamination in

medicine and in microbiologylaboratories.


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8no/ledge ofMicroorganisms

• Ini memung0in0an manusia untu0Mencegah pembusu0an ma0ananMencegah ter>adinya penya0it

Menyebab0an te0ni0 asepti0 untu0mencegah 0ontaminasi dalam bidang0edo0teran dan mi0robiologi di

laboratorium.


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?aming and BlassifyingMicroorganisms

• innaeus established the system ofscientic nomenclature.

• Each organism has t/o namesP the genus

andspecic epithet.


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6enamaan dan 8lasi0asiMi0roorganisme

• innaeus membentu0 sistem tatanama ilmiah.Setiap organisme memili0i dua

namaP >ulu0an genus dan spesi0.


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Scientic ?ames

• re italicied or underlined. 4hegenus is capitalied and thespecic epithet is lo/er case.

• re *atinied+ and used

/orld/ide.• May be descriptive or honor a

scientist.


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Scientic ?ames

• Ini diceta0 miring atau digarisba/ahi.3enus di0apitalisasi dan >ulu0antertentu adalah huruf 0ecil.

Merupa0an atinied dandiguna0an diseluruh dunia.Mung0in des0riptif atau menghormati

ilmu/an.


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Scientic ?ames

• Staphylococcus aureus

– 5escribes the clustered arrangement of the cells (staphylo;) and the

golden color of the colonies (aur ;).


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Scientic ?ames

• Staphylococcus aureusMen>elas0an pengaturan ber0erumun sel (staphylo;) dan

emas /arna 0oloni (aur;).


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Scientic ?ames

• Escherichia coli

– Honors the discoverer, 4heodor Escherich,and describes the bacterium9s habitat#thelarge intestine or colon.


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• Escherichia coliMenghormati penemunya, 4heodorEscherich, dan menggambar0an

habitat tersebut;ba0teri usus besaratau usus besar.


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Scientic ?ames

• fter the rst use, scientic namesmay be abbreviated /ith the rstletter of the genus and the specicepithetP

– Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichiacoli are found in the human body. S.aureus is on s0in and E. coli in the largeintestine.


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Scientic ?ames

• Setelah penggunaan pertama, namailmiah dapat dising0at dengan hurufpertama dari genus dan >ulu0an

0hususPStaphylococcus aureus danEscherichia coli ditemu0an dalam

tubuh manusia. S. aureus adalahpada 0ulit dan E. coli dalam ususbesar.


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Cacteria

• 6ro0aryotes• 6eptidoglycan cell

/alls

• Cinary ssion• $or energy, useorganic chemicals,inorganic chemicals,

or photosynthesis

Figure 1.1a


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Cacteria

• pro0ariota6eptidogli0an dinding selbiner si

Ontu0 energi, mengguna0an bahan0imia organi0, 0imia anorgani0, ataufotosintesis


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rchaea

• 6ro0aryotic

• ac0 peptidoglycan

• ive in etreme environments

• Include

– Methanogens

– Etreme halophiles

– Etreme thermophiles

Figure 4.5b


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rchaea

• pro0arioti00urangnya peptidogli0anHidup di ling0ungan yang e0strim

memasu00anmethanogene0strim halophiles

e0strim thermophiles


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$ungi• Eu0aryotes

• Bhitin cell /alls

• Ose organic chemicals for

energy.• Molds and mushrooms are

multicellular consisting of

masses of mycelia, /hichare composed of laments

called hyphae.

• Neasts are unicellular. Figure 1.1b


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$ungi

• eu0ariota8itin sel dindingMengguna0an bahan 0imia organi0

untu0 energi.Beta0an dan >amur multiseluler yangterdiri dari massa miselia, yang

terdiri dari lamen yang disebut hifa.:agi adalah uniseluler.


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6rotooa

• Eu0aryotes

• bsorb or ingestorganic chemicals

• May be motile viapseudopods, cilia,or Qagella

Figure 1.1c


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6rotooa

• eu0ariotaMenyerap atau mencerna bahan0imia organi0

Mung0in motil melalui pseudopods,silia, atau Qagela


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lgae

• Eu0aryotes

• Bellulose cell /alls

• Ose photosynthesisfor energy

• 6roduce molecular

oygen and organiccompounds

Figure 1.1d


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-iruses

• cellular• Bonsist of 5? or :?

core

• Bore is surrounded bya protein coat.

• Boat may be enclosed

in a lipid envelope.• -iruses are replicatedonly /hen they are ina living host cell.

Figure 1.1e

i 9 Bl i ti


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innaeus9s Blassication

• Hierarchical system• Cinomial ?omenclature Ancient Greeks

Blassication of


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Blassication ofMicroorganisms

• 4hree domains

– Cacteria

– rchaea

– Eu0arya

• 6rotists

• $ungi

• 6lants• nimals


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Crief History of Microbiology

• ncestors of bacteria /ere the rstlife on Earth.

• 4he rst microbes /ere observed in

1'=.


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Se>arah Sing0at Mi0robiologi

• eluhur ba0teri adalah 0ehidupanpertama di Cumi.Mi0roba yang pertama diamati pada

1'=.


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4he $irst bservations

• In 1'', :obert Hoo0e reported that living

things /ere composed of little boes orcells.

• In 122, :udolf -ircho/ said cells arisefrom preeisting cells.

• Bell theoryP ll living things are composedof cells and come from preeisting cells.


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• 6ada tahun 1'', :obert Hoo0emelapor0an bah/a ma0hlu0 hidupterdiri dari 0ota0 0ecil atau sel.

6ada 122, :udolf -ircho/mengata0an sel berasal dari sel yangsudah ada sebelumnya.

4eori SelulerP Semua ma0hlu0 hidupterdiri dari sel;sel dan berasal darisel yang sudah ada sebelumnya.

eeu/enhoe0


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eeu/enhoe0

• Early bservations


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4he $irst bservations• 1'=;1


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• 1'=;1an, dan

infus lada.


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4he 5ebate ver

Spontaneous 3eneration• 4he hypothesis that living organisms arise

from nonliving matter is called spontaneous

generation. ccording to spontaneousgeneration, a *vital force+ forms life.

• 4he alternative hypothesis, that the livingorganisms arise from preeisting life, iscalled biogenesis.

5ebat ebih 3enerasi


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5ebat ebih 3enerasiSpontan

• Hipotesis bah/a organisme hidupmuncul dari materi ta0 hidup, disebutpemunculan spontan. Menurut

generasi spontan, sebuah 0e0uatanvital membentu0 0ehidupan.

• Hipotesis alternatif, bah/a organisme

hidup muncul dari 0ehidupan yangsudah ada sebelumnya, disebutbiogenesis.

• 1''2P $rancisco :edi lled si >ars /ith decaying meat.


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Evidence 6ro and Bon1''2P $rancisco :edi lled si >ars /ith decaying meat.

Conditions Resuts

!"ree #ars covered $it" %ine

net

&o 'aggots

!"ree o(en #ars Maggots a((eared

Fro' $"ere did t"e 'aggots co'e)

*"at $as t"e (ur(ose o% t"e seaed #ars)

+ pontaneous generation or biogenesis?

1''2P $rancisco :edi lled si >ars /ith decaying


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1''2P $rancisco :edi lled si >ars /ith decayingmeat

Evidence 6ro and Bon

• hasiltida0 ada belatungbelatung muncul

• 0ondisi 4iga guci ditutupi dengan >aring halus 4iga terbu0a guci

@hat /as the purpose of the sealed >ars

5ari mana belatung itu datangDpa tu>uan dari guci tertutupDSpontan generasi atau biogenesisD n5ari mana belatungitu datangDpa tu>uan dari guci tertutupDSpontan generasi atau biogenesisD

• 1'P aaro Spallanani boiled nutrientl ti


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Evidence 6ro and Bonsolutionsin Qas0s.

Conditions Resuts

&utrient brot" (aced in %ask,

"eated, t"en seaed

&o 'icrobia gro$t"



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!ondisi

• 3ii 0alduditempat0an dalamtermos, dipanas0an,0emudian disegel

hasil

• 4ida0 adapertumbuhan mi0roba

" pontaneous generation or biogenesis?


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Evidence 6ro and Bon

• 12'1P ouis 6asteur demonstratedthat microorganisms are present inthe air.Conditions Resuts


"eated, not seaed

Microbia gro$t"


"eated, t"en seaed

&o 'icrobia gro$t"


12'1P ouis 6asteur menun>u00an bah/a


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12'1P ouis 6asteur menun>u00an bah/a

mi0roorganisme yang hadir di udara.

#onditions

• 8aldu nutrisi ditempat0andalam termos, dipanas0an,tida0 tertutup

3ii 0aldu ditempat0andalam termos, dipanas0an,

0emudian disegel

$esults

• mi0roba pertumbuhan 4ida0 adapertumbuhan mi0roba

" pontaneous generation or biogenesis?

• 6asteur9s S;shaped Qas0 0ept microbes


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4he 4heory of Ciogenesisout but let air in.

Figure 1.-

4he 3olden ge of Microbiology


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4he 3olden ge of Microbiology

• 12;1!17

• Ceginning /ith 6asteur9s /or0,discoveries included the

relationship bet/een microbesand disease, immunity, andantimicrobial drugs

Masa 8eemasan


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Masa 8eemasanMi0robiologi

• 12;1!175imulai dengan 0arya 6asteur,penemuan termasu0 hubungan

antara mi0roba dan penya0it,0e0ebalan, dan obat antimi0roba

$ermentation and


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$ermentation and6asteuriation

• 6asteur sho/ed that microbes areresponsible for fermentation.

• $ermentation is the conversion of sugar

to alcohol to ma0e beer and /ine.

• Microbial gro/th is also responsible forspoilage of food.

• Cacteria that use alcohol and produceacetic acid spoil /ine by turning it tovinegar (acetic acid).


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• 6asteur menun>u00an bah/a mi0robabertanggung >a/ab untu0 fermentasi.

• $ermentasi adalah 0onversi gula 0e al0ohol

untu0 membuat bir dan anggur.• 6ertumbuhan mi0roba >uga bertanggung

>a/ab untu0 pembusu0an ma0anan.

• Ca0teri yang mengguna0an al0ohol dan

menghasil0an asam asetat merusa0 anggurdengan cara memutarnya 0e cu0a (asamasetat).

$ermentation and


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$ermentation and6asteuriation

• 6asteur demonstrated

that these spoilagebacteria could be 0illedby heat that /as not hotenough to evaporate thealcohol in /ine.

• 6asteruiation is theapplication of a high

heat for a short time.

Figure 1.4 1 o% -/


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• 6asteur menun>u00an bah/a ba0teripembusu0an bisa dibunuh denganpanas yang tida0 cu0up panas untu0

menguap0an al0ohol dalam anggur.6asteruiation adalah apli0asi panasyang tinggi untu0 /a0tu yang

sing0at.

4he 3erm 4heory of


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4he 3erm 4heory of5isease

• 12=P gostino Cassi sho/ed that asil0/orm disease /as caused by a fungus.

• 12'P 6asteur believed that anothersil0/orm disease /as caused by aprotooan.

• 127"sP Igna Semmel/ise advocated hand

/ashing to prevent transmission ofpuerperal fever from one C patient toanother.

i 0i


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4eori 8uman 6enya0it

• 12=P gostino Cassi menun>u00an bah/apenya0it ulat sutra disebab0an oleh >amur.

• 4ahun 12'P 6asteur percaya bah/a

penya0it lain ulat disebab0an olehprotooa a.

• 127"P Igna Semmel/ise mengan>ur0ancuci tangan untu0 mencegah penularan

demam nifas dari satu pasien C yanglain


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6asteur

• Spontaneous generation vs.biogenesis

• 3erm 4heory

• $ather of aseptic techniLues• 6asteuriation

• $ermentation research

• -accination (rabies)

6 t


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6asteur

• Spontan generasi vs biogenesis 4eori 0umanCapa te0ni0 asepti0

pasteurisasifermentasi penelitian-a0sinasi (rabies)

8och


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8och

• 8och9s 6ostulates• 6ure Bulture Boncept

• 4uberculosis

Magic Cullets


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Magic Cullets

• Bhemotherapy /ith chemicals #synthetic drugs and antibiotics

• Ehrlich and salversan

• Sulfonamides

• $leming and penicillin

• 5rug resistance issues today

6 l > ib


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6eluru a>aib

• 8emoterapi dengan bahan 0imia ;obat sinteti0 dan antibioti0Ehrlich dan salversan

sulfonamida$leming dan penisilin:esistensi obat masalah hari ini


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-accination

• 1!'P Ed/ard &enner inoculated a person /ithco/po virus. 4he person

/as then protected from smallpo.• -accination is derived from

vacca for co/. 4he protection is called immunity.

- i ti


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-accination

• 1!'P Ed/ard &enner diino0ulasiorang dengan virus cacar sapi. orangselan>utnya dilindungi dari cacar.

-a0sinasi berasal dari-acca untu0 sapi. perlindungandisebut imunitas.

4he Cirth of Modern


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4he Cirth of ModernBhemotherapy

• 4reatment /ith chemicals ischemotherapy.

• Bhemotherapeutic agents used to treatinfectious disease can be syntheticdrugs or antibiotics.

• ntibiotics are chemicals produced bybacteria and fungi that inhibit or 0illother microbes.

8elahiran 8emoterapi


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e a a e o e apmodern

• 6engobatan dengan bahan 0imiaadalah 0emoterapi.gen 0emoterapi diguna0an untu0

mengobati penya0it menular dapatmen>adi obat sinteti0 atau antibioti0.ntibioti0 adalah bahan 0imia yang

dihasil0an oleh ba0teri dan >amuryang menghambat atau membunuhmi0roba lainnya.

4he Cirth of Modern


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Bhemotherapy• 1!


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pmodern

• 1!amur

6enicillium membuat antibioti0,penisilin, yang mene/as0an S.aureus.

1!7"P 6enisilin diu>i secara 0linis dandiprodu0si massal

Modern 5evelopments


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Modern 5evelopmentsin Microbiology

• Cacteriology is the study of bacteria.

• Mycology is the study of fungi.

• 6arasitology is the study of protooaand parasitic /orms.

• :ecent advances in genomics, the studyof an organism9s genes, have providedne/ tools for classifying

microorganisms.

Modern 6er0embangan


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gMi0robiologi

• Ca0teriologi adalah ilmu yangmempela>ari ba0teri.Ilmu >amur adalah studi tentang >amur.

6arasitologi adalah studi tentangcacing dan protooa parasit.8ema>uan terbaru di genomi0, studigen suatu organisme, telahmemberi0an alat;alat baru untu0meng0lasi0asi0an mi0roorganisme.

Modern 5evelopments


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in Microbiology• Immunology is the study

of immunity. -accinesand interferons are beinginvestigated to preventand cure viral diseases.

• 4he use of immunologyto identify some bacteriaaccording to serotypes

(variants /ithin aspecies) /as proposed by:ebecca anceeld in1!==.

Figure 1.4 - o% -/

Modern 6er0embangan


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gMi0robiologi

• Imunologi adalah ilmu yang mempela>ari0e0ebalan. -a0sin dan interferon sedangdiselidi0i untu0 mencegah dan

menyembuh0an penya0it virus.6enggunaan imunologi untu0mengidenti0asi beberapa ba0terimenurut serotipe (varian dalam satu

spesies) diusul0an oleh :ebeccaanceeld pada tahun 1!==.

Modern 5evelopments


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Modern 5evelopments

in Microbiology• -irology is the study of viruses.• :ecombinant 5? is 5? made from t/o

diRerent sources. In the 1!'"s, 6aul Cerginserted animal 5? into bacterial 5? andthe bacteria produced an animal protein.

• :ecombinant 5? technology, or genetic

engineering, involves microbial geneticsand molecular biology.

Modern 6er0embangan


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gMi0robiologi

• -irologi adalah studi tentang virus.5? re0ombinan adalah 5? dibuatdari dua sumber berbeda. 6ada tahun

1!'", 6aul Cerg dimasu00an 5?he/an 0e dalam 5? ba0teri danba0teri menghasil0an protein he/ani.

4e0nologi re0ombinan 5?, ataure0ayasa geneti0a, geneti0a mi0robamelibat0an dan biologi mole0uler.

Modern 5evelopments


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Modern 5evelopments

in Microbiology• Osing microbes – 3eorge Ceadle and Ed/ard 4atum sho/ed

that genes encode a cell9s enymes

(1!7


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gMi0robiologi

• mengguna0an mi0roba3eorge Ceadle dan Ed/ard 4atummenun>u00an bah/a gen meng0ode

enim sel (1!7u00an bah/a5? adalah materi herediter (1!77).

$rancois &acob dan &acLues Monodmenemu0an peran m:? dalam sintesisprotein (1!'1).

Microbes and Human @elfare


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• Microbial ecology

• Cacteria recycle carbon, nutrients, sulfur, andphosphorus that can be used by plants andanimals.

Mi0roba dan 8ese>ahteraan


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>Manusia

• e0ologi mi0robaCa0teri daur ulang 0arbon, nutrisi,belerang, dan fosfor yang dapat

diguna0an oleh tanaman dan he/an


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Cioremediation

• Cacteria degradeorganic matter in

se/age.• Cacteria degrade or

detoify pollutants such

as oil and mercury.

0& 2.1

bioremediasi


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bioremediasi

• Ca0teri mendegradasi bahan organi0dalam limbah.Ca0teri menurun0an atau

mendeto0si0asi polutan sepertiminya0 dan mer0uri.


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Ciological Insecticides

• Microbes that are pathogenic to insectsare alternatives to chemical pesticides in

preventing insect damage to agriculturalcrops and disease transmission.

• Bacillus thuringiensis infections are fatal

in many insects but harmless to otheranimals, including humans, and to plants.

Inse0tisida hayati


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Inse0tisida hayati

• Mi0roba yang bersifat patogenterhadap serangga alternatif untu0pestisida 0imia dalam mencegah

0erusa0an serangga untu0 tanamanpertanian dan penularan penya0it.

• Cacillus thuringiensis infe0si yang fatal

pada serangga banya0 tetapi tida0berbahaya bagi he/an lain, termasu0manusia, dan untu0 tanaman.

o ern o ec no ogy an3enetic Engineering


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3enetic Engineering

• Ciotechnology, the use of microbes toproduce foods and chemicals, is centuriesold.

• 3enetic engineering is a ne/ techniLue for

biotechnology. 4hrough genetic engineering,bacteria and fungi can produce a variety ofproteins including vaccines and enymes.

Modern Ciote0nologi dan


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:e0ayasa 3eneti0a

• Ciote0nologi, penggunaan mi0robauntu0 menghasil0an ma0anan danbahan 0imia, adalah abad tua.

:e0ayasa geneti0a merupa0an te0ni0baru untu0 biote0nologi. Melaluire0ayasa geneti0a, ba0teri dan >amur

dapat menghasil0an berbagai proteintermasu0 va0sin dan enim

Modern Ciotechnology and


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3enetic Engineering

(continued)• Missing or defective genes in human cells

can be replaced in gene therapy.

• 3enetically modied bacteria are used toprotect crops from insects and fromfreeing.

Modern Ciote0nologi dan


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:e0ayasa 3eneti0a

• 3en hilang atau cacat pada selmanusia dapat diganti dalam terapigen.

Ca0teri hasil re0ayasa geneti0adiguna0an untu0 melindungitanaman dari serangga dan dari titi0

be0u.

Microbes and Human


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Microbes and Human

5isease• Cacteria /ere once classied as plants

giving rise to use of the term fora for

microbes.• 4his term has been replaced by

microbiota.

• Microbes normally present in and on

the human body are called normalmicrobiota.

Mi0roba dan 6enya0it


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Manusia

• Ca0teri pernah di0lasi0asi0ansebagai tanaman sehinggamenimbul0an penggunaan istilah

untu0 Qora mi0roba.Istilah ini telah diganti denganmi0robiota.

Mi0roba biasanya hadir di dalam danpada tubuh manusia disebutmi0robiota normal.

?ormal Microbiota


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?ormal Microbiota

• ?ormal microbiota prevent gro/th of pathogens.• ?ormal microbiota produce gro/th factors such

as folic acid and vitamin 8.

• :esistance is the ability of the body to /ard oR

disease.

• :esistance factors include s0in, stomach acid,and antimicrobial chemicals.

•Ciolms are etremely important in microbialecology

?ormal Microbiota


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?ormal Microbiota

• Mi0robiota normal mencegahpertumbuhan patogen.Mi0robiota normal fa0tor pertumbuhanprodu0 seperti asam folat dan vitamin 8.:esistensi adalah 0emampuan tubuhuntu0 menang0al penya0it.$a0tor resistensi termasu0 0ulit, asam

lambung, dan bahan 0imia antimi0roba.Ciolm adalah sangat penting dalame0ologi mi0roba

I f ti 5i


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Infectious 5iseases

• @hen a pathogen overcomes the host9sresistance, disease results.

• Emerging infectious diseases (EI5)P ?e/diseases and diseases increasing inincidence.

6enya0it Infe0si


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6enya0it Infe0si

• 8eti0a patogen mengatasiperla/anan tuan rumah, hasilpenya0it.

Muncul penya0it menular (EI5)P6enya0it baru dan penya0itmening0at dalam insiden

Infectious 5isease


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?ormal Microbiota


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• @hat is normalD

Salad Cars


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• @hy are these a problem

todayD

Emerging Infectious5i


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5iseases

• @est ?ile encephalitis

– @est ?ile virus

– $irst diagnosed in the @est ?ileregion of Oganda in 1!=

– ppeared in ?e/ Nor0 Bity in1!!!

Emerging Infectious 5iseases


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• vian InQuena H?1

• Severe acute respiratory

syndrome (S:S)• @est ?ile encephalitis

(@?E)

• Covine spongiformencephalitis (CSE)

• Breutfeld;&acob disease(B&5)

• "1PH E. coli

• $lesh eating bacteria

• Ebola

• Marburg

• Bryptosporidiosis

• I5S

• HI- virus



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5iseases

• Covine spongiform encephalopathy – 6rion

– lso causes Breutfeldt;&a0ob disease

(B&5) – ?e/ variant B&5 in humans is related to

cattle fed sheep oRal for protein

Muncul 6enya0it Infe0si


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• Covine spongiform encephalopathy – 6rion

– lso causes Breutfeldt;&a0ob disease

(B&5) – ?e/ variant B&5 in humans is related to

cattle fed sheep oRal for protein



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5iseases

• Escherichia coli PH

– 4oin;producing strain of E. coli

– $irst seen in 1!2<

– eading cause of diarrhea /orld/ide



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• Escherichia coli P H 4o0sin yang memprodu0si strain E.coli

6ertama 0ali terlihat pada tahun1!2<6enyebab utama diare di seluruh

dunia



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5iseases

• Invasive group Streptococcus – :apidly gro/ing bacteria that cause

etensivetissue damage

– Increased incidence since 1!!



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• Invasif Streptococcus grup Cer0embang pesat ba0teri yangmenyebab0an 0erusa0an >aringan

yang luas6ening0atan 0e>adian se>a0 tahun1!!



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5iseases

• Ebola hemorrhagic fever – Ebola virus

– Bauses fever, hemorrhaging, and blood

clotting – $irst identied near Ebola :iver, Bongo

– utbrea0s every fe/ years



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y

• Ebola hemorrhagic demamvirus Ebola6enyebab demam, pendarahan, dan

pembe0uan darah6ertama 0ali diidenti0asi de0atSungai Ebola, 8ongo

@abah setiap beberapa tahun

CI4E:::ISM


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• ?4H:J

• SM6J• 4O:EMI

• 63OE

• 4HE: 3E?4S


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• nthracacartularemia

HMI??N 3E?


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4H?8NO

introduction to microbiology untan.ppt

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