introduction to information systems. data, information and knowledge how do “information”...
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Introduction to Information Systems
Data, Information and Knowledge
How do “Information” differ from “Data”? There is also things such as “Knowledge”.
How are they related?
Data, Information and Knowledge
DataData InformationInformationTransformation Process
(selecting, organizing, manipulating)
KnowledgeKnowledge
Practical Use
Translating Data to Information
Grouping Lebelling Sorting Graphing Statistics Etc.
Data
In Out Customer Order Income
1600 1631 1 M 1 Chocolate 20.-
1612 1625 1 F 1 M 2 Strawberry, 1 Coconut 60.-
1615 1725 4 M 2 Chocolate, 1 Lemon, 2 Strawberry, 1 Banana
105.-
1659 1734 1 F 3 Coconut 60.-
1708 1812 2 F 1 M 1 Chocolate, 1 Vanilla, 1 Coffee
60.-
1722 1751 1 F 2 M 3 Coffee, 1 Wafer 70.-
1723 1749 1 M 1 Coconut, 1 Chocolate, 2 Strawberry
80.-
1730 1815 1 M 2 Vanilla 40.-
2201 2240 1 M 1 Coffee 20.-
Information
Customers 12 Male - 5 Female
Peak period 1600-1815
Income 515.-
Payment 300.-
Financial statistics 1 day + 10% 1 week + 20% 1 month + 20%
Popular menu Strawberry - 6 (7, 2, 4, 6, 8) Vanilla - 6 (10, 5, 8, 7, 6) Chocolate - 5 (4, 7, 4, 5, 5) Coconut - 5 (6, 2, 9, 6, 7)
Unpopular menu Lemon - 1 (0, 0, 0, 1, 0) Guava - 0 (0, 0, 1, 1, 0) Red bean - 0 (0, 0, 0, 0, 0)
Knowledge
Promote and stock more strawberry and chocolate
Terminate guava, red bean and lemon menu Change closing time to 1900 Replace the male staff
System
A set of elements or components that interact to accomplish goals
Components of A System
Inputs Processing mechanisms Outputs Feedback
Concept of A System
Input OutputProcessing
Feedback
Performance of A System
Efficiency Proportion of outputs and inputs
Effectiveness Achievement of objectives
Performance of A System
F D C B A
Class 1
F D C B A
Class 2
F D C B A
Class 3
Efficiency – OKEffectiveness – OK
Efficiency – PoorEffectiveness – OK
Efficiency – GoodEffectiveness – ?
Information Systems
A set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, and disseminate data and information, and provide feedback to meet an objective (Stair & Reynolds, 2010)
Complementary networks of hardware and software that people and organizations use to collect, filter, process, create and distribute data (Wikipedia, 2014)
Components of An Information System
Inputs Gathering and capturing of raw data
Processing mechanisms Converting data into useful outputs
Outputs Useful information
Feedback Information that is used to make changes to the input and processing
components
InputsInputs ProcessProcess OutputsOutputs
Feedback
Concept of An Information System
DataData InformationInformationInformation System
Information System
Components of Computer-Based Information Systems
Hardware Software People Telecommunications Databases Procedures
Development of Business Information Systems
TPSTransaction Processing System
MISManagementInformationSystem
DSSDecision SupportSystem
Specialized business informationsystems & ElectronicsCommerce&Inter-Organization information exchange systems
Types of Internal Information Systems
ExecutiveSupportSystems(ESS, EIS)
ExecutiveSupportSystems(ESS, EIS)
OfficeAutomation
Systems(OAS)
OfficeAutomation
Systems(OAS)
DecisionSupportSystems
(DSS)
DecisionSupportSystems
(DSS)
TransactionProcessing
Systems(TPS)
TransactionProcessing
Systems(TPS)
ManagementInformation
Systems(MIS)
ManagementInformation
Systems(MIS)
Types of Internal Information Systems
IS Inputs Processing Outputs Users
ESS Aggregate data, External, internal
Graphics,Simulation
Projections Senior management
DSS Low volume data, Analytic models
Interactive,Simulation
Special reports,Decision analyses
Staff manager
MIS Transaction data,High volume data
Routine report Summary,Exception reports
Middle manager
OAS Office documents,Schedule
Word processing,Storage
Documents,Schedule
Managers
TPS Transaction,Events
Sorting,Listing
Detail report,List
Operation personnel
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
ระบบประมวลผลรายการเปล �ยนแปลง A software system, or software/hardware combination, that
supports transaction processing (Wikipedia, 2014)
Features Rapid response Reliability Inflexibility Controlled processing
Example Point-of-Sale Library loan
TPS: Examples
Office Automation Systems (OAS)
ระบบสำ�าน�กงานอั�ตโนม�ต� Varied computer machinery and software used to
digitally create, collect, store, manipulate, and relay office information needed for accomplishing basic tasks (Wikipedia, 2014)
Example Work flows Project scheduling
OAS: Examples
Management Information Systems (MIS)
ระบบสำารสำนเทศเพื่��อัการจั�ดการ A system which provides information that
organizations require to manage themselves efficiently and effectively (Wikipedia, 2014)
Example Flight information system Student information system
MIS: Examples
Decision Support Systems (DSS)
ระบบสำน�บสำน�นเพื่��อัการต�ดสำ�นใจั A system that supports business or
organizational decision-making activities (Wikipedia, 2014)
Example Price evaluation system Potential drilling sites
DSS Examples
Executive Support Systems (ESS)
ระบบสำน�บสำน�นผ!"บร�หารระด�บสำ!ง Also-called Executive Information Systems (EIS) A type of management information system that
facilitates and supports senior executive information and decision-making needs (Wikipedia, 2014)
Example Market and sales analysis system A.C.M.E (Agent Call Monitoring & Evaluation)
ESS: Examples
Structure of An Information System
Source: http://blog.maia-intelligence.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/04/042908-1415-functionalm2.png
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
ระบบการวางแผนทร�พื่ยากรอังค์%กร A business management software that a comp
any can use to collect, store, manage and interpret data from many business activities (Wikipedia, 2012)
Examples of ERP Packages
Tier I SAP Oracle Microsoft Dynamics
Tier II Epicor Sage QAD Ross
Tier III ABAS Baan Syspro
Source: Panorama Consulting Group, 2014,http://go.panorama-consulting.com/rs/panoramaconsulting/images/2014-Manufacturing-ERP-Report.pdf
ERP Statistics
(See Panorama Consulting Group Report 2014)
Costs of Implementing ERP Packages
Vendor Average Project Cost
Oracle $5.0 million
SAP $6.7 million
Microsoft Dynamics $1.8 million
Tier II $3.1 million
Tier III/Other $1.1 million
Source: Panorama Consulting Group, 2010http://panorama-consulting.com/Documents/2011-Guide-to-ERP-Systems-and-Vendors.pdf
SAP Tryout!
SAP Online Configurator: https://www.sapconfigurator.com/sapcfg/build/index.html?lang=en&campaign=CRM-US08-HUB-TC_FSTWEB&cntry=us
Specialized Business Information System
Knowledge Management System (KMS) Organized collection of people, procedures,
software, databases, and devices to create, store, share, and use the organization’s knowledge and experience
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Computer system takes on characteristics of
human intelligence
Specialized Business Information System
Expert Systems Give computer ability to make suggestions and
function like an expert in a particular field
Virtual reality Simulation of a real or imagined environment that
can be experienced visually in three dimensions Augmented reality
Electronics Commerce
Often called as “e-Commerce”, “eCommerce”, “e-comm” or “e-Business”.
Trading in products or services using computer networks, such as the Internet (Wikipedia, 2014)
Information Systems in the Supply Chain
ACTIVITIES
SupplierSupplier
Internal Supply ChainInternal Supply Chain
CustomerCustomerPurchasingPurchasing ProductionProduction DistributionDistribution
Raw materialsInbound logistics/
Warehouse/Storage
ProductionPacking/
Outbound logistics Customer service
INFORMATION SYSTEMSInbound tracking
system/Inventory control
system
Process control system
Automated packing and retrieval
system
Customer service tracking and control
systemSupplier database
Functions of Information Systems in Logistics
Collaborative planning Forecasting Inventory management Order management Transport management Etc.
Challenges
Standards Culture and language Time and distance Technology and infrastructure Currency and exchange rates Laws and legal aspects Privacy, permission and confidentiality
In-Class Assignment
Critical Thinking
Form four groups Discuss and criticize connections between the
following challenges and information systems in Thailand
Three minutes presentation
Group 1 Laws
Group 2 Culture
Group 3 Infrastructure
Group 4 Language
Assignment
Information Engineering
Spilt into four groups. Build a Facebook page with an objective of
anything. Promote your page. Aim for the highest likes
as possible. Present your strategy on 25 September 2014.