Introduction to Introduction to ecology: Ecology of ecology: Ecology of

PopulationsPopulations

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Niche Discussio

n

Modern BiologyModern Biology

Pages 359-360Pages 359-360

What is the What is the common theme for common theme for

ecology?ecology?•““Interconnectedness”Interconnectedness”

– Nothing exists by itself.Nothing exists by itself.– Interdependence.Interdependence.– All living organisms interact with; All living organisms interact with;

• Other organismsOther organisms• Physical factorsPhysical factors

What are the levels of organization What are the levels of organization found in the environment?found in the environment?

Biosphere

Ecosystem

Community

Population

The part of Earththat contains allecosystems

Community and its nonliving surroundings

Populations thatlive together in a defined area

Group of organisms of onetype that live in the same area

Biosphere

Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass, stream, rocks, air

Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass

Bison herd

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Pages 361-362Pages 361-362

• BBiosphere:iosphere: all areas that all areas that support life.support life.

• Biomes:Biomes: large areas of large areas of the Earth with common the Earth with common abiotic conditions.abiotic conditions.

Biosphere & Biosphere & BiomesBiomes

Pair share: A tell B what biome you think is marked in green.

• EcosystemEcosystem: All : All organisms and non organisms and non living environment in a living environment in a given area.given area.• Can be any size.Can be any size.

• CommunitiesCommunities: All : All interacting organisms interacting organisms in an area.in an area.

Ecosystems & CommunitiesEcosystems & Communities

White board: What is the difference between a community and an ecosystem?

• PopulationPopulation: All : All members of a members of a species living in species living in one area.one area.

• OrganismOrganism: : Simplest level Simplest level of organization of organization in ecology.in ecology.

Populations & Populations & organismsorganisms

Pages 361-Pages 361-362362

What are the What are the components of an components of an

ecosystem?ecosystem?

• factors that factors that influence organism:influence organism:

• AbioticAbiotic: nonliving: nonliving– TemperatureTemperature– pHpH– Humidity etc.Humidity etc.

• BioticBiotic: living things: living things

Pages 363-365Pages 363-365

Pair share: B tell A 3 things that are abiotic factors in this picture.

• Abiotic factors Abiotic factors always changealways change

• Organisms must Organisms must tolerate abiotic tolerate abiotic changes.changes.

• All organisms have All organisms have a range of a range of tolerance.tolerance.

Organisms in a changing Organisms in a changing environmentenvironment

Pg 363-365Pg 363-365

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Tolerance curves shows how well a species tolerates abiotic changes.

• Regulators: use engergy to control internal conditions• Ex: mammals & birds

• Conformers: do not regulate internal conditions • Must change behavior to

acclimate• Ex: reptiles & insects

Acclimation: adjusting to Acclimation: adjusting to abiotic conditionsabiotic conditions

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Whiteboard: What is the difference between adaptation and acclimation?

• MigrationMigration– Changing locationChanging location

• DormancyDormancy– Changing Changing

metabolismmetabolism

Escaping unfavorable Escaping unfavorable conditions.conditions.

Pages 363-365Pages 363-365

The way of life.The way of life.• The role in the The role in the

environmentenvironment– Includes all interactions in Includes all interactions in

ecosystem.ecosystem.

• GeneralistsGeneralists: tolerate a : tolerate a wide range of conditionswide range of conditions

• SpecialistsSpecialists: narrow range : narrow range of toleranceof tolerance

What is a specie’s What is a specie’s niche?niche?

Page 365Page 365

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1. What is the most inclusive level of organization?

2. What is the difference between a regulator and a conformer?

3. How do living things escape unfavorable conditions?

Whiteboard reviewWhiteboard review

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