introduction to computers · the components of a computer what is communication device? hardware...

IS-IT-UOB © 2016

Introduction to Computers

Chapter1

ITBIS105 IS-IT-UOB © 2016

IS-IT-UOB © 2016

Topics Covered

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Computer

Computer

Computer

Computer

definition and main

Hardware

Software

Strengths

parts

Categories of Computers

Computer Applications in

Networks

Society

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What is a Computer?

Definition:

An Electronic device operating under the

control of instructions stored in its own

memory

Processes it into

information

Produces and stores

results

Accepts Data

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Input and Output

Input

• Data entered to a computer system for processing

• From people or machines to computers

Output

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The presentation of results of processing

From computer to humans or other machines

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a t a

io

n

r

m

a

Data and Information

Raw facts or Data that is unprocessed organized,

meaningful, useful

items text, images, video

such as and numbers, audio and

Input (Data)

Output (Information)

Process

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D

o

Inf

t

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Hardware and Software

• Hardware

Physical parts of the computer

can touch, feel and weigh that you

• Software

Non physical parts of the computer – the

instructions or programs that tell the hardware how to behave

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The Components of a Computer

The electric, electronic and mechanical hardware: components of the

Input devices

Output devices

System unit

Storage devices

Communication

devices

computer –

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

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What is an input

device?

Hardware used

to enter data

and into

instructions

a computer

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Mice

• Optical mouse

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Needs no mouse pad

Doesn’t need cleaning

Is more expensive

• Trackball – Easier on wrists

– Stays stationary on

Wireless

desk

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– Uses radio or light waves

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New Mouse Features

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Instant viewer

Magnifier

Customizable

buttons

• Web search

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Inputting Sound

• Microphones are used for:

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Podcasts

Video-conferencing

Internet

Speech

phone calls

recognition

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Other Input Devices

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EPOS Digital

Webcam

Pen

– Live video

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Input Devices for the

Physically Challenged

• Visual impairments

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Voice recognition

Keyboards with large

On-screen keyboards

keys

• Motor control issues

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Special trackballs

Head-mounted devices

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• What is an output device?

Hardware

that conveys

information to

a user

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Monitor Types

CRT (Cathode- LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Ray Tube)

– – – – –

Less expensive – – –

More Uses More Less

expensive far less space energy efficient

Uses much more space Uses more energy Offers better viewing angles Legacy

viewable from an angle technology

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Computer Outputs

Softcopy output Output on monitor or sounds from the speakers which are temporary

Hardcopy output The output from output that can be

folded

printers, or printed physically handled,

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• What is the system unit?

Box-like case containing electronic

components used to

process data

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The Front Panel

•Power control

•Drive bays

•Memory card reader

•Productivity ports

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On the Back

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Ports for peripherals

Types of ports:

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Serial and parallel

Audio and video

USB

FireWire

Connectivity

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Ethernet

Modem

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Inside the System Unit

•Essential electronic components used process data

•Types:

to

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Power supply

Hard disk drive

Motherboard

CPU

Expansion cards

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Power Controls

•Power-on button: Turns on system, off should not be used to turn it

• Other options:

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Sleep mode

Hibernation

Warm boot

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The Motherboard

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CPU

RAM

Expansion

cards and slots

Built-in

components

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Memory Module

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Random access memory (RAM)

Stores instructions and data

Temporary (volatile) storage

Operates in nanoseconds

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What is storage?

Holds data, instructions, and information

for future use

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Storage Media Capabilities

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What is communication

device? Hardware computer

component that enables a

to send and receive data,

instructions and information to and from

one or more computers.

A widely used communication device is

the your

modem, which is the

used to connect through computer to Internet

telephone line.

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Computer Software

What is software?

Set of programs / instructions computer what to do and how

that tells the

to do it

System software

Application software

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Computer Software

What is system software?

Programs that control or maintain the

operations of the computer and its devices

Operating System (OS) • set of programs that coordinates all the activities of a computer.

• provides the interface between the user and the computer ’s

hardware. Examples are Microsoft DOS, Microsoft Windows 95,

98, 2000, XP, Window7, UNIX, LINUX…

Utility Programs allow the users to perform functions

such as printing file, copying file,

listing file names etc…

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Computer Software

What is application software?

Programs that perform

specific tasks for users

Software Suite

Popular software applications

bundled together as a single unit

Word Processing

Spreadsheet

Presentation Graphics

Database

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Application Software

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Buying Software

• Software may be purchased – –

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Through retail stores Online

At computer shows

Through catalogs

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Preinstalled software Web-based application

– Hosted on a Web site

software

– Requires no installation on your computer

Discounted software •

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Freeware and Shareware

•Freeware:

Copyrighted software you can get

•Beta versions:

Programs still under development

•Shareware: Software that allows

free

users to run it

for a limited time free

•Open source:

of charge

free to use

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Why Is a Computer So Powerful?

The computer ’s strengths

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Personal computers

Mobile computers

Midrange servers

Mainframe computers

Supercomputers

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Personal Computers

Most popular personal computers are either or notebook PCs

desktop

• What is a desktop computer?

Designed so all of

the components fit

on or under a desk

or table

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it

Personal Computers

• What is a notebook computer?

Also called a laptop

Portable, small enough

on your lap

to f

Generally more expensive than a desktop computer

Can operate on batteries or

a power supply or both

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Mobile Computers

• What is a tablet PC?

Resembles a letter-sized slate

Allows you to write on the screen using a stylus

Smaller version computer

is the modular

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Handheld Computers

• What is a handheld computer?

Small

enough to

in your hand

fit Used

by mobile employees

such as meter

readers and delivery

people

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Handheld Computers

What is a personal digital assistant (PDA )?

Provides personal organizer functions

Calendar

Appointment book

Address book

Calculator

Notepad

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Handheld Computers

• What are Smart phones?

Web-enabled telephone

Allow you to check e-mail

and

access the Internet

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Midrange server greater processing power,

storage capacity and

reliability than personal

computers

Typically supports several

hundred and sometimes

up to a few thousand

connected computers.

Known as minicomputers

in the past.

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Mainframe

Large, expensive, very

powerful, computer

that can handle 100s

or 1000s of connected

computers

Large storage capacity

Used in large

organizations

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Supercomputer The fastest, most powerful

and expensive computer.

Used for applications

requiring complex

mathematical calculations

such as medicine,

aerospace, automotive

design, online banking,

weather forecasting,

nuclear energy research petroleum exploration

&

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Computer Applications in Society

What are some examples

of in

computer applications society?

Education

Finance Government Healthcare Science Publishing Travel Industry

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Digital Home

• In a digital home, you can control home

systems Internet.

from your computer and via the

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Digital Home - Components

•Media computer with:

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TV tuner

Radio tuner

Media software

Blu-ray, DVD, and/or

CD

–A

–A

–A

network

digital television

digital media

adapter

–A universal remote

– Network adapter

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Networks

• What is a network?

Collection of computers and devices connected via communications devices and transmission media

Each computer or device connected to a the network is called a node.

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Networks

• What are the advantages network?

Facilitate communication

of using a

Share

Share

Share

hardware

software

data and information

Transfer funds

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Client/Server Networks

• Server-based network

– Clients and servers

Data flows efficiently

Servers respond to

requests from clients Servers perform

specific tasks

Scalable

Centralized

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Wired Ethernet Networks

• Ethernet network adapters

are used to connect

nodes

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NIC card PC card

USB adapter

• Computers are connected to each other using

Ethernet

unshielded cable

twisted pair

Phone

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Classifications of Client/Server Networks

• LAN

– Local area network

Computers

linked over

a small

geographic

region

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• WAN – Wide area

network

– Computers linked over large geographic locations

MAN • – Metropolitan

area network

Computers linked within a city or county

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• PAN

– Personal area network

– Wireless devices connected

proximity to each other

Intranet

in close

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Private corporate network

Protected by a firewall

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• Extranets

– Only certain corporations can access

or individuals

– Useful for enabling electronic data interchange

– Use virtual private networks for security

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Network Topology

Layout of computers and devices in network.

Popular topologies are bus,

ring, and star

• Bus network

All computers and devices connect to central cable,

or bus

Inexpensive and easy to install

Easy to add or delete devices

from network

Failure of one device does not

affect the rest of the network

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•Ring network

Network Topology

Cable forms closed ring, or loop, with all computers and devices

arranged along ring

Data travels from device to

device around entire ring, in one

direction

If a computer or device on a ring

network fails, all devices before

the failed device are unaffected,

but those after the failed device

cannot function.

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Network Topology

•Star network

All devices connect to a

central system

All data transferred from one

computer to another passes

through the central system

Needs only one control unit

But if control unit fails, the

whole network fails

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Internet Communications

•Instant messaging

•Podcasts

•Blogs and

•Webcasts

•Wikis

•Voice over

•E-mail

vlogs

Internet (VoIP)

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Social Networks

• Social networks: online personal networks – MySpace.com and Facebook.com

Members share common interests.

Members communicate by voice, chat, IM, video, and blogs. Members create personalized profiles.

Growth has been explosive.

Risks must be recognized and reduced.

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http://www.myspace.com/









http://www.facebook.com/









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Group Communication

•Internet social networks

•Multiplayer online

•Chat rooms

•Newsgroups

•Listservs

game services

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Avoid hackers and viruses

Protect your privacy

Understand the real privacy risks

Use the Internet wisely

Avoid online annoyances

Maintain your computer

and security

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Make good purchase decisions

Integrate the latest technology

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How Computers Are Attacked

•Trojan horse

•Backdoor program

– Zombies

•Denial of service attacks (DoS)

•Distributed denial

of service (DDoS)

attacks

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