Introduction to Introduction to CleanroomsCleanrooms

Basic principles and protocolsBasic principles and protocols

What is a Cleanroom?What is a Cleanroom?A clean environment designed to A clean environment designed to reduce the contamination of reduce the contamination of processes and materials. This is processes and materials. This is accomplished by removing or accomplished by removing or reducing contamination sources.reducing contamination sources.

A room in which the concentration of A room in which the concentration of airborne particles is airborne particles is controlled,controlled, and and which is constructed and used in a which is constructed and used in a manner to minimize the manner to minimize the introductionintroduction, , generationgeneration and and retention of particlesretention of particles inside the room and in which other inside the room and in which other relevant parameters, e.g., temperature, relevant parameters, e.g., temperature, humidity and pressure are controlled as humidity and pressure are controlled as necessary.necessary.

Clean Room

Clean RoomClean RoomClean rooms controlClean rooms control• TemperatureTemperature• HumidityHumidity• SoundSound• LightingLighting• VibrationVibration

Clean RoomClean Room Two major types and they are Two major types and they are

differentiated by their method of differentiated by their method of ventilationventilation

• Turbulently ventilatedTurbulently ventilated• Unidirectional flow (Laminar Flow)Unidirectional flow (Laminar Flow)

Principles of the Clean Principles of the Clean EnvironmentEnvironment

Air is highly filtered Air is highly filtered (99.99% @ 0.3(99.99% @ 0.3))

Layout should Layout should minimize particle minimize particle sources in filtered air sources in filtered air streamstream

Air flow should Air flow should remove most particles remove most particles generated by processgenerated by process

Types of ContaminationTypes of Contamination ParticulateParticulate

Dust, skin, hair, makeup…Dust, skin, hair, makeup… ChemicalChemical

Oil, grease, metal ions, perfume…Oil, grease, metal ions, perfume… BiologicalBiological

Bacteria, fungi, rodents???Bacteria, fungi, rodents??? RadiationRadiation

Ultraviolet light…Ultraviolet light…

Particle CharacteristicsParticle Characteristics 50 micron particles are visible50 micron particles are visible Average human hair is about 100 micronsAverage human hair is about 100 microns Time to fall 1 meter in still airTime to fall 1 meter in still air

33 seconds for 10 micron particle33 seconds for 10 micron particle 48 minutes for 1 micron particle48 minutes for 1 micron particle

Humans generate >1x10Humans generate >1x1055 particles per particles per minute when motionless (fully gowned)minute when motionless (fully gowned)

Humans can generate >1x10Humans can generate >1x1066 particles particles when walking in the cleanroomwhen walking in the cleanroom

Contamination SourcesContamination Sources People ~75%People ~75% Ventilation ~15%Ventilation ~15% Room Structure ~5%Room Structure ~5% Equipment ~5%Equipment ~5%

Contamination ControlContamination Control Personnel ControlPersonnel Control

Dress codeDress code Personal HygienePersonal Hygiene GowningGowning

Environmental ControlEnvironmental Control Entrance and exitEntrance and exit Materials and suppliesMaterials and supplies Cleaning and maintenanceCleaning and maintenance AtmosphericAtmospheric

Dress codeDress code No sleeveless shirtsNo sleeveless shirts No shorts or skirtsNo shorts or skirts No slippers or sandalsNo slippers or sandals No jewelry that can puncture No jewelry that can puncture

garments or glovesgarments or gloves Avoid clothing that shedsAvoid clothing that sheds

Personal HygienePersonal Hygiene Shower each day before entryShower each day before entry Control Dermatitis & DandruffControl Dermatitis & Dandruff Do not smoke before entryDo not smoke before entry No chewing gum or tobaccoNo chewing gum or tobacco No Cosmetics should be wornNo Cosmetics should be worn Facial hair will need to be coveredFacial hair will need to be covered

GowningGowning Proper gowning orderProper gowning order

Hair coverHair cover HoodHood Shoe coversShoe covers CoverallCoverall GlovesGloves Face maskFace mask Safety GlassesSafety Glasses

Gowning BasicsGowning Basics Garments should not be removed from Garments should not be removed from

cleanroom unless in approved containercleanroom unless in approved container Don’t walk out of the cleanroom with Don’t walk out of the cleanroom with

your garments onyour garments on Change garments when soiled or Change garments when soiled or

showing any visible signs of wearshowing any visible signs of wear Don’t reach inside your garment while Don’t reach inside your garment while

in the cleanroomin the cleanroom

Garment Reuse and StorageGarment Reuse and Storage Reusable – Store in Gown bin or zip lock Reusable – Store in Gown bin or zip lock

bagbag Coveralls Coveralls HoodHood Knee-high Booties (not the blue disposables) Knee-high Booties (not the blue disposables) Safety GlassesSafety Glasses

Not Reusable – Throw in trashNot Reusable – Throw in trash Hair nets & Beard coversHair nets & Beard covers Blue disposable shoe coversBlue disposable shoe covers GlovesGloves Face maskFace mask

CLEANROOM CONSIDERATIONSCLEANROOM CONSIDERATIONSIt is necessary to operate the cleanroom It is necessary to operate the cleanroom correctly so that the manufactured correctly so that the manufactured products are not contaminated. This products are not contaminated. This requires requires •Entry of peopleEntry of people•Entry of materialEntry of material•Garment selectionGarment selection•Cleanroom disciplineCleanroom discipline•Cleaning of the roomCleaning of the room

Entry & ExitEntry & Exit Enter and exit quicklyEnter and exit quickly Only one person may enter at a timeOnly one person may enter at a time Each user must use their own access Each user must use their own access

cardcard Pass from the gowning area to the Pass from the gowning area to the

clean area slowly to reduce migration clean area slowly to reduce migration of particles between areasof particles between areas

Classes standrardsClasses standrards

Materials and SuppliesMaterials and Supplies Do Not carry non-cleanroom items into the Do Not carry non-cleanroom items into the

cleanroomcleanroom Do not carry cleanroom items out of the Do not carry cleanroom items out of the

cleanroomcleanroom Do not use pencils or erasersDo not use pencils or erasers Paper should be kept in a plastic sleevePaper should be kept in a plastic sleeve Do Not cut the cleanroom wipersDo Not cut the cleanroom wipers Clean everything you carry into the Clean everything you carry into the

cleanroom cleanroom

ChemicalsChemicals Do not take new chemicals into the cleanroom without Do not take new chemicals into the cleanroom without

permissionpermission Always read MSDS for every chemical you useAlways read MSDS for every chemical you use Large quantities of chemicals must be stored outside Large quantities of chemicals must be stored outside

the cleanroomthe cleanroom Chemicals inside the cleanroom should be properly Chemicals inside the cleanroom should be properly

storedstored All chemical containers should be clearly labeled with All chemical containers should be clearly labeled with

their contents and Hazard Classificationtheir contents and Hazard Classification Unattended chemicals and experiments should be Unattended chemicals and experiments should be

labeled with the owners name, immediate contact labeled with the owners name, immediate contact number, list of all chemicals involved, and estimated number, list of all chemicals involved, and estimated time of return or completion.time of return or completion.

Chemical HandlingChemical Handling Always use safety carriers with glass bottles 2L Always use safety carriers with glass bottles 2L

and largerand larger Do not transport chemicals in open containersDo not transport chemicals in open containers Chemicals should be used inside approved Chemicals should be used inside approved

hoods or under properly positioned snorkel hoods or under properly positioned snorkel extractorsextractors

Full apron, Trionic gloves and full face shield Full apron, Trionic gloves and full face shield are required for using all acidsare required for using all acids

Gloves, lab coat, and safety glasses are Gloves, lab coat, and safety glasses are considered minimum personal protective considered minimum personal protective equipment when handling ANY chemicalequipment when handling ANY chemical

Chemical HandlingChemical Handling Chemical waste should be properly disposed Chemical waste should be properly disposed

of as outlined by VEH&Sof as outlined by VEH&S No chemicals may be poured down the drainsNo chemicals may be poured down the drains Waste containers should be properly marked Waste containers should be properly marked

as such and have a pink Hazardous Waste as such and have a pink Hazardous Waste tag tied to them at all timestag tied to them at all times

If you have questions about disposal contact If you have questions about disposal contact a staff membera staff member

Equipment useEquipment use All users must be trained before using any All users must be trained before using any

equipmentequipment All equipment use should be scheduledAll equipment use should be scheduled If you are unable to use scheduled time If you are unable to use scheduled time

please delete your reservationplease delete your reservation It is every users responsibility to report It is every users responsibility to report

damaged or malfunctioning equipmentdamaged or malfunctioning equipment It is every users responsibility to properly It is every users responsibility to properly

operate and clean each piece of operate and clean each piece of equipment that they useequipment that they use

HousekeepingHousekeeping Every user is responsible for keeping the Every user is responsible for keeping the

cleanrooms cleancleanrooms clean Always clean your workspace before leavingAlways clean your workspace before leaving Don’t leave or store items on or in equipmentDon’t leave or store items on or in equipment Do not set liquids on any equipmentDo not set liquids on any equipment Properly store all materials before leaving Properly store all materials before leaving

the cleanroomthe cleanroom Last one out should make sure the room is in Last one out should make sure the room is in

a safe idle modea safe idle mode

Violations of RulesViolations of Rules First timeFirst time

WarningWarning Report to AdvisorReport to Advisor

Second timeSecond time Suspension of accessSuspension of access Report to AdvisorReport to Advisor Retraining may be requiredRetraining may be required

Third OffenseThird Offense Suspension of accessSuspension of access Report to AdvisorReport to Advisor Access will not be renewed until an acceptable Access will not be renewed until an acceptable

resolution is reached between Advisor and resolution is reached between Advisor and Cleanroom ManagerCleanroom Manager

Cleanroom Protocol re-training will be requiredCleanroom Protocol re-training will be required