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Introduction to chemical process techonlogy

BFD & PFD

Chemical processes technology are used to produce chemical products and are by definition processes which include chemical transformation. Many chemicals are mixed with other chemicals to produce formulations suitable for consumer use. These include consumer products such as paints, fragrances, Cement, Urea, Fertilizers, pesticides and medicinal products.

 Chemical processes consist of a number of sequential and integrated operations carried out in appropriate equipment.

For example Chemical reaction carried out in a Chemical reactor. 

The precise operations, sequence of operations and equipment specifications depend on the nature of the process, operating conditions, materials used and product produced.

Chemical Processes

Operation EquipmentChemical reaction ReactorDistillation Distillation columnFiltration Filter unitsDrying Dryers (various types)Fluid transport Pipes, valves, pumps etc

Flowsheets

Flow sheets are used to describe the operating details of Chemical processes.

It describes*Schematic representations*Arrangement of equipment*Interconnections*Movement of material*Stream connections*Stream flows/quantities*Stream compositions*Operating conditions

Types Of Flow Sheets : 1: Flowcharts (Block Flow Diagrams)2: Process Flow sheets (Process Flow Diagram)3: Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (PID)

Block Flow Diagram

(Flowcharts)A flowchart is a formalized graphic representation of a logic sequence , work or manufacturing process, organization chart, or similar formalized structure. The purpose of a flow chart is to provide people with a common language or reference point when dealing with a project or process. Flowcharts use simple geometric symbols and arrows to define relationships.

Process Flow Diagram

(Process Flow sheets)A Process Flow Diagram (PFD) or System Flow Diagram (SFD) shows the relationships between the major components in the system. PFD also tabulate process design values for the components in different operating modes, typical minimum, normal and maximum. A PFD does not show minor components, piping systems, piping ratings and designations. ORA schematic representation of the sequence of all relevant operations occurring during a process and includes information considered desirable for analysis.

A PFD should include:♦ Process Piping♦ Major equipment symbols, names and identification numbers♦ Control, valves and valves that affect operation of the system♦ Interconnection with other systems♦ Major bypass and recirculation lines♦ System ratings and operational values as minimum, normal and maximum flow, temperature and pressure♦ Composition of fluids

Purpose Of Process Flow Diagram

The purpose of PFD is generally as follows: 1. Plant design basis PFD shows the plant design basis indicating feedstock, product and main streams flow rates and operating conditions.  2: Scope of process PFD serves to identify the scope of the process. 3. Equipment configuration PFD shows graphically the arrangement of major equipment, process lines and main control loops.  4. Required utilities PFD shows utilities which are used continuously in the process…

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