Introduction to Cellular Biology

Essential Questions

What is the cell theory? What are the characteristics of

prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Life is Cellular

Discovery of the cell:• Year: 1665

• Scientist: Robert Hooke

• Invention: microscope

Robert Hooke found the first “cell” by looking through his microscope (empty chambers in a cork)

Cell Theory All living things are composed of small units

called CELLS!!!!

Cells are the basic units of life!!!!• They are the basic units of structure and function

New cells are produced from existing cells.

Can be single cellled (___ cellular) Example: AmoebaCan be many celled (_____ cellular) Example: Humans

Applies to all organisms: plants, animals, and bacteria

THE CELL

Cells come in a variety of shapes and sizes

All have 2 characteristics in common• Cell membrane-

surrounds the cell like a barrier

• Contain a molecule that contains DNA

Two Broad CategoriesProkaryote & Eukaryote

Prokaryotes - does NOT have a Nuclues

No nuclear membrane around DNA

Don’t have membrane-bound organelles (ex: mitochondria)

Small and simple Examples:

• Bacteria

Eukaryotes

Contain a nucleus Have organelles

• Specialized cell organs Larger and more

complex Example:

• Muscle cell

• Skin cell

STOP!!!

How will we remember??

Venn Diagram

No nucleus

No membrane-bound organelles

Small and simple

Examples:BacteriaSome algae

Contain a nucleus (stores DNA)

Have organelles

Specialized cell organs

Larger and more complex

Cytoskeleton

Example:Muscle cellSkin cell

Cell membraneCytoplasmRespond to Env.GrowReproduce

Prok. Euk.

Plant vs. Animal

1. Vacuole 2. Golgi Apparatus 3. Cell wall 4. Cell membrane 5. Chloroplast 6. Mitochondria 7. Nucleus 8. Endoplasmic reticulum 9. Nucleolus

11. Lysosome 12. ER 13. Cell membrane 14. Nucleus 15. Cytoplasm 16. Nucleolous 17. Golgi Apparatus 18. Mitochondria

Plant Cells

Chloroplasts

-photosynthesis Vacuole

-storage Have a cell wall

• Provides strength and protection

Animal Cell

Lysosomes-Digestive enzymes

Have centrioles

-Aid in cell division