introduction to cell wall & membrane glycoconjugatesrcarlson/cellwall.pdf · 2005. 1. 6. ·...
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Introduction to Cell Wall & Introduction to Cell Wall & Membrane Membrane GlycoconjugatesGlycoconjugates
General Aspects of Bacterial Cell WallsGeneral Aspects of Bacterial Cell Walls
pentaglycine
The The peptidyglycanpeptidyglycan((mureinmurein))
GramGram--Positive Bacterial Cell WallsPositive Bacterial Cell Walls
GramGram--Positive Bacterial Cell WallsPositive Bacterial Cell Walls
GramGram--Negative Bacterial Cell WallsNegative Bacterial Cell Walls
GramGram--Negative Bacterial Cell WallsNegative Bacterial Cell Walls
EPS
CPSCPS
General Aspects of General Aspects of EucaryoticEucaryotic GlycoproteinsGlycoproteins
GlycoproteinsGlycoproteinsOO--LinkedLinkedNN--linkedlinked
ProteoglycansProteoglycansOO--LinkedLinked
CommunicationCommunicationSynchonySynchony of of myocytesmyocytes
Contact InhibitionContact Inhibitione.g.e.g. kidney cells, cancer kidney cells, cancer
cellscells
Molecular recognitionMolecular recognitione.g.e.g. extracellularextracellular matrixmatrix
OO--Linked Linked GlycoproteinsGlycoproteins
Commonly found in cell surface Commonly found in cell surface glycoproteinsglycoproteins and on and on mucinsmucins..
OO--Linked Linked GlycoproteinsGlycoproteins
Two motifs:Two motifs: (a.) (a.) glycosylationglycosylationof most of of most of extracellularextracellulardomain (also in domain (also in mucinsmucins), and ), and (b.) (b.) glycosylationglycosylation extracellularextracellularstem region.stem region.
NN--Linked Linked GlycoproteinsGlycoproteins
NN--Linked Linked GlycoproteinsGlycoproteins
NN--Linked Linked GlycoproteinsGlycoproteins
ProteoglycansProteoglycansLarge carbohydrate attached to a core protein.Large carbohydrate attached to a core protein.
The carbohydrates are known as The carbohydrates are known as glycosaminoglycansglycosaminoglycans..
Primarily located on the cell surface.Primarily located on the cell surface.
Have high viscosity, low compressibility.Have high viscosity, low compressibility.
Structural integrity, interStructural integrity, inter--cellular passageways, cellular passageways, lubricating fluids, shock absorbers.lubricating fluids, shock absorbers.
GlycosaminoglycansGlycosaminoglycans(all contain an amino sugar)(all contain an amino sugar)
O
HOH
HH
H
H
OOOH
-OOC
O
HNHAc
HH
H
H
OOH
OH
RR
O
HOH
H-OOC
H
H
OOOH
HO
HNHAc
HH
-O3SO
H
OH
OH
RR
GlcAGlcAGlcNAcGlcNAc
IdeAIdeAGalNAcGalNAc--44--sulfatesulfate
HyaluronatesHyaluronates: : synovialsynovialfluid, vitreous humor, fluid, vitreous humor, loose connective tissue.loose connective tissue.
DermatanDermatan sulfates: sulfates: skin, skin, blood vessels, heart blood vessels, heart valves.valves.
O
HOH
HH
H
H
OOOH
-OOCO
HNHAc
HH
-O3SO
H
OH
OH
RR
(OSO3)
GlcAGlcA GalNAcGalNAc--4 or 64 or 6--sulfatesulfate
-
CondroitinCondroitin sulfate: sulfate: cartilage, bone, heart cartilage, bone, heart valvesvalves
-
-
-
O
HNHSO3
HH
H
H
O
OSO3
R
O
O
OSO3
HOOC
H
H
OOH
H
R H
-
-
-
O
HNHSO3
HH
H
H
O
OSO3
R
O
O
OSO3
HH
H
H
OOH
OOC
R H
GlcAGlcA--22--sulfatesulfate
IdeAIdeA--22--sulfatesulfate
NN--SulfoSulfo--GlcNGlcN--66--sulfatesulfate
NN--SulfoSulfo--GlcNGlcN--66--sulfatesulfate
Heparin & Heparin & HeparanHeparansulfate: sulfate: lining of the lining of the arteries in lungs, liver, arteries in lungs, liver, and skin (heparin is more and skin (heparin is more sulfated than sulfated than heparanheparan).).
O
HNHAC
HH
H
H
OOHO
OSO3
R
O
HOH
HH
OH
H
OH
OH
R
-
GalGalGlcNAcGlcNAc--66--sulfatesulfate
KeratanKeratan sulfate: sulfate: cornea, cornea, bone, cartilage aggregated bone, cartilage aggregated with with chondroitinchondroitin sulfate.sulfate.
ProteoglycanProteoglycan ExamplesExamples
ProteinProtein--carbohydrate Linkagecarbohydrate Linkage
GlycolipidsGlycolipids
••CellCell--cell recognitioncell recognition••Development/differentiationDevelopment/differentiation••Tissue typingTissue typing••Blood Group AntigensBlood Group Antigens
SphingolipidsSphingolipidsH2C CH CH
CHHC
CH3
OH
NH3+
OH
H2C CH CHCH
HC
CH3
OH
NH
OH
R
OCH2 CH CH
CHHC
CH3
O NH
OH
R
O
O
HOH
HH
OH
H
OHH
OH
GalactocerebrosideGalactocerebrosideSphingosineSphingosine CeramideCeramide
Neutral Neutral glycosylceramidesglycosylceramides
CH2 CH CHCH
HC
CH3
R NH
OH
R
O
GanglioGanglio GgGg GalGalββ3GalNAc3GalNAcββ4Gal4Galββ4Glc4Glc--CerCerLactoLacto LcLc GalGalββ33GlcNAcGlcNAcββ33GalGalββ4Glc4Glc--CerCerNeolactoNeolacto nLcnLc GalGalββ4GalNAc4GalNAcββ3Gal3Galββ4Glc4Glc--CerCerGloboGlobo GbGb GalNAcGalNAcββ3Gal3Galαα44GalGalββ4Glc4Glc--CerCerIsogloboIsoglobo iGbiGb GalNAcGalNAcββ3Gal3Galαα33GalGalββ4Glc4Glc--CerCerMolluMollu MuMu GlcNAcGlcNAcββ2Man2Manαα3Man3Manββ4Glc4Glc--CerCerArthroArthro AtAt GalNAcGalNAcββ4GlcNAc4GlcNAcββ3Man3Manββ4Glc4Glc--CerCer
CeramideCeramide ((CerCer))
Acidic Acidic GlycosylceramidesGlycosylceramides ((GangliosidesGangliosides))
CH2 CH CHCH
HC
CH3
O NH
OH
R
O
O
HOH
HH
H
H
OHO
OHO
HOH
HH
O
H
OH
OHO
HNHAc
HH
OH
H
OH
OHO
HOH
HH
OH
H
OHH
OH
O
HOOC
H
H
H
AcHN
OHOH
OHHOH2C
GangliosideGanglioside GGM1aM1a
GlcGlcGalGal
GalNAcGalNAc
NeuNAcNeuNAc (SA)(SA)
GalGal
GalGal--GlcGlc--CerCer
GalGal--GlcGlc--CerCerSASA˩˩
GalGal--GlcGlc--CerCerSASA˩˩
SASA˩˩
GalGal--GlcGlc--CerCerSASA˩˩
SASA˩˩
SASA˩˩
GangliosideGanglioside Structures and Structures and BiosynthesisBiosynthesis
CMPCMP--SA CMPSA CMP CMPCMP--SA CMPSA CMP
CMPCMP--SA SA
CMPCMP
GalNAcGalNAc--GalGal--GlcGlc--CerCerSASA˩˩
GalGal--GalNAcGalNAc--GalGal--GlcGlc--CerCerSASA˩˩
GalGal--GalNAcGalNAc--GalGal--GlcGlc--CerCerSASA˩˩ SASA˩˩
GGM2M2
GGM1aM1a
GGD1aD1a
CMPCMP--SA SA
CMPCMP
UDPUDP--GalNAcGalNAc
UDPUDP
UDPUDP--GalGal
UDPUDP
aa--seriesseries
GalGal--GalNAcGalNAc--GalGal--GlcGlc--CerCerSASA˩˩
SASA˩˩
GalGal--GalNAcGalNAc--GalGal--GlcGlc--CerCerSASA˩˩ SASA˩˩
SASA˩˩
GalNAcGalNAc--GalGal--GlcGlc--CerCerSASA˩˩
SASA˩˩GGD2D2
GGD1bD1b
GGT1bT1b
CMPCMP--SA SA
CMPCMP
UDPUDP--GalNAcGalNAc
UDPUDP
UDPUDP--GalGal
UDPUDP
bb--seriesseries
GalNAcGalNAc--GalGal--GlcGlc--CerCerSASA˩˩
SASA˩˩
SASA˩˩
GalGal--GalNAcGalNAc--GalGal--GlcGlc--CerCerSASA˩˩
SASA˩˩
SASA˩˩
GalGal--GalNAcGalNAc--GalGal--GlcGlc--CerCerSASA˩˩ SASA˩˩
SASA˩˩
SASA˩˩
GGT2T2
GGT3T3
GGQ1cQ1c
CMPCMP--SA SA
CMPCMP
UDPUDP--GalNAcGalNAc
UDPUDP
UDPUDP--GalGal
UDPUDP
cc--seriesseries
GGM3M3 GGD3D3
GGT3T3