introduction to biotechnology - project learning tree · pdf file ·...
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Introduction tothe
BiotechnologySupplement
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What is Biotechnology?
“Any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use.” [1]
1. "The Convention on Biological Diversity (Article 2. Use of Terms)." United
Nations. 1992
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What are the historical uses of biotechnology?
Food Production• Bread• Yogurt• Cheese• Beer• Wine
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What are the historical uses of biotechnology?
Waste Management• Composting plant
waste• Sewage treatment• Animal waste
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What are the historical uses of biotechnology?
Agriculture• Artificial selection• Cultivation of food
crops• Absorbing
concentrated contaminants such as salt from agricultural fields
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What are the recent uses of biotechnology?
• Advances in genetics have led to the identification of specific genes or larger pieces of DNA that are of interest to scientists
• These genes can be removed from the organisms where they occur naturally and inserted into other organisms that don’t normally contain this particular piece of genetic information
• This process is called genetic engineering
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How has genetic engineering affected agriculture?
Inserting specific genes can:• Allow plants to be
resistant to large applications of pesticides
• Allow plants to tolerate environmental stress such as drought
• Increase the nutritional value of crops
• Allow unacceptably high levels of pesticides to be detected on food crops
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How has genetic engineering affected industry?
Inserting specific genes can be used to:
• Improve the efficiency of the waste treatment
• Make consumable goods• Test soil, air and water for
contamination• Produce food
supplements
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How has genetic engineering affected the pharmaceutical field?
Inserting specific genes can be used to:
• Mass produce drugs such as penicillin and cortisone
• Make diagnostic lab tests• Produce human proteins
for hemophiliacs and diabetics
• Produce and convey vaccines
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How might advances in biotechnology affect me?
Already you are affected by biotechnology because:
• 80% of cotton is genetically modified so you are likely to be wearing genetically modified fibers
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How might advances in biotechnology affect me?
Already you are affected by biotechnology because:
• More than 125 approved drugs are produced using genetic engineering
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How might advances in biotechnology affect me?
Already you are affected by biotechnology because:
• Much of the soybean, corn, canola and other common food crops are grow from genetically modified seeds
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How might advances in biotechnology affect me?
It is possible biotechnology may be used to:
• Clean up environmental toxins in the air, soil and water
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How might advances in biotechnology affect me?
It is possible biotechnology may be used to:
• Preserve genetic diversity
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How might advances in biotechnology affect me?
It is possible biotechnology may be used to:
• Allow for the sustainable production of wood
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How might advances in biotechnology affect me?
It is possible biotechnology may be used to:
• Provide biofuel from plant and animal waste
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How might advances in biotechnology affect me?
It is possible biotechnology may be used to:
• Offer advances in medicines and medical treatments
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How might advances in biotechnology affect me?
• Genetically engineered organisms do not go through some of the evolutionary constraints that screen out naturally selected organisms
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How might advances in biotechnology affect me?
• Selected genes can escape from their inserted location to become a part of other organisms in an ecosystem
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How might advances in biotechnology affect me?
• Genetically engineered crops may increase the resistance of some pest species
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How might advances in biotechnology affect me?
• No international laws or oversight committees exist yet for biotechnological practices
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What interests you about biotechnology?
• Which processes would you like to learn to perform?
• What topics would you like to learn more about?
• What do you think about the continued or increased use of biotechnology?
• What aspects of biotechnology would you like to see regulated, researched, supported or advanced?