introduction to bifacial modules and modelling - us · p. 2 | sunedison confidential brief history...
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P. 2 | SunEdison Confidential
Brief History of Bifacial Modules
1966: U.S. Patent on a p+np+
solar cell
1977: Multiple presentations at
1st European Photovoltaic Solar
Energy Conference (PVSEC)
2000: Russia deploys 10 kW on
the International Space Station
2009: Sanyo (now Panasonic)
released first commercial bifacial
product
2015: >100 patents granted and
10’s of MWs deployed
P. 4 | SunEdison Confidential
HIT Suppliers
HIT – Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin Layer
a.k.a. HJT – Heterojunction Technology
a.k.a. HCT – Hybrid Cell Technology (Sunpreme)
P. 5 | SunEdison Confidential
PERT Suppliers
PERT – Passivated Emitter Rear Contact, Rear Totally Diffused
a.k.a. BiSoN – Bifacial Solar Cell on N-type (MegaCell)
Related to PERC – Passivated Emitter Rear Contact
Related to PERL – Passivated Emitter Rear Contact, Rear Locally Diffused
P. 6 | SunEdison Confidential
Modelling Challenges
𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝐸𝑥 = 𝑓
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝐸𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝐴𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
P. 7 | SunEdison Confidential
Modelling Challenges
𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝐸𝑥= 𝑓
𝑴𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒍𝒆𝐸𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝐴𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
Variables in Bifacial Flash Testing:
Front
Only
Back Front
vs. x
White
Black
vs.
vs.
None
1. Sides Flashed 2. Shield on the
opposite side
3. Distance to the
back of the flasher
+
P. 8 | SunEdison Confidential
Modelling Challenges
𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝐸𝑥= 𝑓
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑬𝒏𝒗𝒊𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕
𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝐴𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
Albedo:
Image courtesy of Colorado State University
P. 9 | SunEdison Confidential
Modelling Challenges
𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝐸𝑥= 𝑓
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑬𝒏𝒗𝒊𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕
𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝐴𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒
Albedo:
Composite
Shingle White
EPDM
Unpainted
Metal Roof
White
Gravel
0 100 50 25 75
P. 10 | SunEdison Confidential
Modelling Challenges
𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝐸𝑥= 𝑓
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝐸𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑺𝒚𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎 𝑨𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆
Mechanical Design:
P. 11 | SunEdison Confidential
Modelling Challenges
𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝐸𝑥= 𝑓
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝐸𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑺𝒚𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎 𝑨𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆
Mechanical Design:
Image courtesy of gammasolar, via NREL
P. 12 | SunEdison Confidential
Modelling Challenges
𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝐸𝑥= 𝑓
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝐸𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑺𝒚𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒎 𝑨𝒓𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆
Electrical Design:
Optimal inverter capacity
Does the DC:AC ratio metric make
sense for bifacial modules?
Requirements for multiple MPPT
windows or string-/micro-inverters;
can they handle the additional
current?
Implications for DC wiring
Interpretation of electrical codes
Image courtesy of Sungrow
P. 13 | SunEdison Confidential
Modelling Challenges
𝐺𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑
𝐶𝑎𝑝𝐸𝑥= 𝑓
𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒𝐸𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑆𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚 𝐴𝑟𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒