introduction to animal science -...
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction to
ANIMAL SCIENCE
Objectives:
A. List 5 functions of domestic animals;
B. Describe conditions and requirements of domestic animals;
C. Define appropriate terminology related to animals; and
D. Contrast the differences among animal breeds, species, and types.
E. List major types & uses of each species of livestock
F. List & describe benefits of animal agriculture
G. Recognize top producing states for animal agriculture
Why do we CHOOSE to have animals?
A. List 5 functions of domestic animals
Functions of domestic animals:
1-Food • Meat
• Eggs
• Milk
• Honey
A. List 5 functions of domestic animals
• Wool
• Leather
• Hair/Fur
• Feathers
A. List 5 functions of domestic animals
Functions of domestic animals:
2- Clothing
• Horses, Mules, Donkeys, Burros
• Llamas, Alpacas
• Oxen, Water buffalo, reindeer, yak, camels
A. List 5 functions of domestic animals
Functions of domestic animals:
3-Power
• Pleasure Horses
• Purebred Herds and
Flocks
• Livestock Exhibitions,
Shows, Rodeos
• Horse Racing
A. List 5 functions of domestic animals
Functions of domestic animals:
4- Recreation & Companionship
• Guide dogs for blind
• Police Dogs
• Rescue Dogs
• Therapy animals
A. List 5 functions of domestic animals
Functions of domestic animals:
5- Service
B. Describe conditions and requirements of domestic animals
Terms:
Wild Animal Not GENETICALLY altered by
artificial selection for use by
humans.
–Genetically
& Behaviorally
Wild
B. Describe conditions and requirements of domestic animals
Terms:
Domestic Animal • an animal that has been genetically
altered from the original wild
species for use by humans through
ARTIFICIAL SELECTION
–Genetically Domestic
–Behaviorally= domestic
B. Describe conditions and requirements of domestic animals
Terms:
Tame Wild Animal • a wild animal that, through
intervention of man, has adapted
BEHAVIORALLY so as to be
useful to humans.
–Genetically=Wild
–Behaviorally=Domestic
B. Describe conditions and requirements of domestic animals
Terms:
Feral Animal
• a DOMESTIC animal that lives
in the WILD with no human
assistance –Genetically=Domestic
–Behaviorally= Wild
B. Describe conditions and requirements of domestic animals
1. The animal is VALUED and has PURPOSE
2. The animal’s BREEDING is subject to human control.
3. The animal’s SURVIVAL depends upon humans.
4. The animal’s BEHAVIOR (psychology) is changed in domestication.
5. STRUCTURAL characteristics have appeared which occur rarely if at all in the wild.
Requirements for animals to be “domesticated”
B. Describe conditions and requirements of domestic animals
1. In groups, research the domestication of the animal assigned. Prepare a 2-3 minute explanation for the class on your assigned species.
2. Answer the following questions: a) When & where was the animal domesticated?
b) What animals were used for the creation of the domestic species?
c) Who brought the first animals to America? When?
d) What is their original purpose?
e) Describe the current industry of the species. (breeds, types, etc)
Domestication Assignment
•Cattle
•Swine
•Sheep
•Goats
•Horses
•Poultry
•Dogs
•Cats
•Rabbits
•Llama?
European Cattle
C. Define appropriate terminology related to animals.
*Genus/Species: Bos Taurus
*Baby: Calf
*Young Male: Bullock
*Young Female: Heifer (until 1st calf is born)
*Castrated Male: Steer
*Mature Male: Bull
*Mature Female: Cow
*Group: Herd
Indian Cattle
C. Define appropriate terminology related to animals.
*Genus/Species: Bos Indicus
*Baby: Calf
*Young Male: Bullock
*Young Female: Heifer (until 1st calf is born)
*Castrated Male: Steer
*Mature Male: Bull
*Mature Female: Cow
*Group: Herd
Sheep
C. Define appropriate terminology related to animals.
*Genus/Species: Ovis aries
*Baby: Lamb
*Young Male: Ram Lamb
*Young Female: Ewe Lamb
*Castrated Male: Wether
*Mature Male: Ram
*Mature Female: Ewe
*Group: Flock
Pigs
C. Define appropriate terminology related to animals.
*Genus/Species: Sus scrofa domestica
*Baby: Piglet
*Young Male: Shoat
*Young Female: Gilt (until 1st litter)
*Castrated Male: Barrow
*Mature Male: Boar
*Mature Female: Sow
*Group: Herd, Drove, Mob
Or “Sounder of hogs”
Goats
C. Define appropriate terminology related to animals.
*Genus/Species: Capra hircus
*Baby: Kid
*Young Male: Ram Kid
*Young Female: Doe Kid
*Castrated Male: Wether
*Mature Male: Billy
*Mature Female: Doe
*Group: herd or tribe
Horses
C. Define appropriate terminology related to animals.
*Genus/Species: Equus caballus
*Baby: Foal
*Young Male: Colt
*Young Female: Filly
*Castrated Male: Gelding
*Mature Male: Stallion
*Mature Female: Mare
*Group: Herd
Poultry
C. Define appropriate terminology related to animals.
*Genus/Species: Gallus domesticus
*Baby: Chick
*Young Male: Cockerel
*Young Female: Pullet
*Castrated Male: Capon
*Mature Male: Rooster
*Mature Female: Hen
*Group: Chickens: Brood, Flock, Peep
Turkeys: Rafter, Gobble, Gang
Geese: Gaggle (if they are in flight=Skein)
Rabbits
C. Define appropriate terminology related to animals.
*Genus/Species: Oryctolagus cuniculus
*Baby: Bunny
*Young Male:
*Young Female:
*Mature Male: Buck
*Mature Female: Doe
*Group: Colony, Nest, Herd
Dog
C. Define appropriate terminology related to animals.
*Genus/Species: canis familiaris
*Baby: Puppy
*Young Male:
*Young Female:
*Mature Male: Stud
*Mature Female: Dam or Bitch
*Group: Pack
Cat
C. Define appropriate terminology related to animals.
*Genus/Species: felis catus
*Baby: Kitten
*Young Male:
*Young Female:
*Mature Male: Tom
*Mature Female: Queen
*Group: Clowder or Clutter
Video Clip
Species
D. Contrast the differences among animal breeds, species, and types.
• a group of closely related animals
that can INTERBREED and
produce FERTILE offspring
• Example
Breed
D. Contrast the differences among animal breeds, species, and types.
• animals of common ORIGIN
with characteristics that
distinguish them from other
groups within the same SPECIES
• Example
Type
D. Contrast the differences among animal breeds, species, and types.
• animals of the same SPECIES
that are grouped together based
on the PRODUCTS they produce
• Example
Types of Livestock Each species of livestock has specific breeds that
perform best for each purpose:
•Meat Type: Produce meat efficiently
•Dairy Type: Produce milk efficiently
•Dual Purpose: Produce meat & milk efficiently
•Ornamental: Don’t produce milk or meat
efficiently, chosen for beauty
•Performance: Chosen for performance traits
E. List major types & uses of each species of livestock
Cattle •Beef Type
•Dairy Type
•Dual Purpose
E. List major types & uses of each species of livestock
Sheep •Wool type
–Fine
–Medium
–Long
–Colored
•Meat or Mutton type
•Dual
E. List major types & uses of each species of livestock
Pigs •Meat Type
•Bacon
•Lard
E. List major types & uses of each species of livestock
Goats •Meat Type
•Dairy Type
E. List major types & uses of each species of livestock
Horses
•Performance Type
oDraft Type
oRacing
oRanch Work/Stock Horse
E. List major types & uses of each species of livestock
Poultry
•Eggs (Layers)
•Meat (Broilers)
•Ornamental
E. List major types & uses of each species of livestock
What are the benefits of
Animal Agriculture?? • Animals convert feed that humans CAN’T eat
to food humans CAN eat
– (poor hay, corn stalks, straw, etc.)
• Helps maintain fertility of the land
F. List & describe benefits of animal agriculture
What are the benefits of
Animal Agriculture?? • Personal satisfaction of working with
domesticated animals
• May more fully utilize capital, machinery and
wasteland (range).
F. List & describe benefits of animal agriculture
What are the benefits of
Animal Agriculture?? • Animal proteins are superior to vegetable proteins for
humans
• Animal proteins have improved amino acid balance
over vegetable protein
• Milk -- approximately 90% of milk for human
consumption in the world comes from cattle
• Over 85% of the world population desires food of
animal origin
F. List & describe benefits of animal agriculture
Top States in Beef Production
• 1. Texas
• 2. Kansas
• 3. Nebraska
• 4. Oklahoma
• 5. California
• Utah’s Rank 28th
G. Recognize top producing states for animal agriculture
Top States in Dairy Production
• 1. California
• 2. Wisconsin
• 3. New York
• 4. Pennsylvania
• 5. Michigan
• Utah’s Rank 25th
G. Recognize top producing states for animal agriculture
Top States in Sheep Production
• 1. Texas
• 2. California
• 3. Wyoming
• 4. Colorado
• 5. South Dakota
• Utah’s Rank 7th
G. Recognize top producing states for animal agriculture
Top States in Goat Production
• 1. Texas
• 2. New Mexico
• 3. Arizona
• 4. Oklahoma
• 5. California
• Utah’s Rank ?
G. Recognize top producing states for animal agriculture
Top States in Swine Production
• 1. Iowa
• 2. North Carolina
• 3. Michigan
• 4. Illinois
• 5. Indiana
• Utah’s Rank 20th
G. Recognize top producing states for animal agriculture
Top States in Layers Production
• 1. California
• 2. Ohio
• 3. Indiana
• 4. Pennsylvania
• 5. Iowa
• Utah’s Rank 33rd
G. Recognize top producing states for animal agriculture
Top States in Broiler Production
• 1. Arkansas
• 2. Georgia
• 3. Alabama
• 4. North Carolina
• 5. Mississippi
G. Recognize top producing states for animal agriculture
Top States in Turkey Production
• 1. North Carolina
• 2. Minnesota
• 3. Arkansas
• 4. Missouri
• 5. California
• Utah’s Rank 14th
G. Recognize top producing states for animal agriculture
Number of Farms and Ranches
• 1. Texas
• 2. Missouri
• 3. Iowa
• 4. Kentucky
• 5. Minnesota
• Utah’s Rank 36th
G. Recognize top producing states for animal agriculture
Land in Farms and Ranches
• 1. Texas
• 2. Montana
• 3. Kansas
• 4. Nebraska
• 5. New Mexico
• Utah’s Rank 28th
G. Recognize top producing states for animal agriculture
Utah’s Rank in Other Areas
• Mink Production 2nd
• Trout Production 6th
• Honey Production 24th
G. Recognize top producing states for animal agriculture
Bell Quiz
1. List 2 out of 5 qualifications to consider an animal “domestic”
2. Name 5 reasons why we have domestic animals.
3. What is the genus and species name for a pig?
4. What is the definition of a breed?
5. What is the definition of a species?
Bell Quiz
1. List 2 benefits of animal agriculture vs plant based agriculture.
2. What state ranks top in production of a. Dairy
b. Beef
c. Sheep
3. Know ALL terminology for animals (babies, males, females, genus/species, etc)
4. Compare the terms: breed, species, and type