introduction to anaerobic digestion for wasted food15 food... · 2015-11-25 · introduction to...
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Introduction to Anaerobic Digestion
for Wasted FoodMelissa Pennington
US EPA Region 3
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Reducing Wasted Food is Important
Goal: Cut Food Waste in half by 2030
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Where is all the Wasted Food going to go?
Food Diversion Success
INCREASED COMPOSTING
& AD CAPACITY NEEDED
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Capacity Building FocusComposting Anaerobic Digestion
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Environmental Benefits of Anaerobic Digestion
u Diversion of organic wastes from landfills
u Methane emissions reduction
u Production of renewable energy
u Soil improvement opportunities
u Nutrient management alternatives
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Anaerobic Digestion is “Digestion”
Food and water go in
Bacteria go to work
Energy, solids, and liquids come out
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Anaerobic Digestion Basics
uHappens in a sealed container or vessel uNo OxygenuMicroorganisms break down organic
material uHeat is generateduBiogas (Energy)uDigestate (Solids and Liquids)
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AD Feedstocks
uWasted Food uAnimal manures
uFats, oils, and greases (FOG)uSewage sludge/wastewater
uYard waste/Crop residuals (Dry Digesters) uOther high strength wastes
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Biogas = a mixture of approximately 60% methane (CH4) and 40% carbon dioxide (CO2) together with trace levels of other gases and water vapor
• Odorless • Colorless• Low explosive potential
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How is Biogas Used?uBurned to produce heat uCHP to generate
electricity and heatuCompressed for vehicle
fueluAdded to natural gas
pipelinesuProduce biodegradable
plastics
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What do you do with Digestate?
SOLID
u Soil amendment
u Animal bedding
u Alternative daily cover at landfills
LIQUID
u Liquid Fertilizer
u Discharge to POTW
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Digesters that Process Wasted Food
u Digesters designed primarily for wasted food§ Feedstocks from a variety of sources § Dedicated industry units
u On-Farm Digesters
u Digesters at Water Resource Recovery Facilities (WRRFs)
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Basic Types of AD Systems
u Wet Digesters Ø Low SolidsØPumpable
u Dry Digesters ØHigh SolidsØ StackableØAKA Dry Fermentation
u Batch Systemu Continuous Flow
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Dry Fermentation Digestersu Feedstocks can include:
Ø Wasted Food
Ø Yard Waste
Ø Agricultural (animal bedding and crop residue)
u No mechanical mixing
u No liquid added
u No liquid digestate
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University of WisconsinOsh Kosh Dry Digester